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Xingcai Zhang,1,* Lifang Ye,2,* Wan Tang,1 Yiqin Ji,1 Li Zheng,1 Yijun Chen,1 Qidong Ge,3 Changshun Huang1 1Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo City First Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Breast Surgery, HuaMei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Changshun Huang; Qidong Ge, Tel +86-574-87085521, Fax +86-574-87085588, Email nbhcs1967@163.com; geqidong1986@126.comPurpose: The main aim of the present study was to establish whether mesenchymal stem cell microvesicles (MSC MVs) exert anti-fibrotic effects and investigate the mechanisms underlying these effects in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-associated early pulmonary fibrosis.Methods: An ARDS-associated pulmonary fibrosis model was established in mice by an intratracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). At 1, 3, and 7 days after LPS-mediated injury, the lungs of mice treated with MSC MVs and untreated controls were carefully excised and fibrosis was assessed based on the extent of collagen deposition. In addition, the development of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was evaluated based on loss of E-cadherin and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1) along with the acquisition of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and N-cadherin. Nuclear translocation and β-catenin expression analyses were also used to evaluate activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Results: Blue-stained collagen fibers were evident as early as 7 days after LPS injection. Treatment with MSC MVs suppressed pathological progression to a significant extent. MSC MVs markedly reversed the upregulation of N-cadherin and α-SMA and attenuated the downregulation of E-cadherin and ZO-1. The expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin were clearly decreased on day 7 after MSC MV treatment.Conclusion: Analyses indicated that MSC MVs could ameliorate ARDS-associated early pulmonary fibrosis via the suppression of EMT and might be related to Wnt/β-catenin transition signaling.Keywords: mesenchymal stem cell, microvesicles, pulmonary fibrosis, ARDS, EMT, Wnt/β-catenin

The microstructure of amorphous SiO2 thin film is a random network structure in which a large amount of [SiO4] is interconnected with a specific Si O Si bond angle. The SiO2 thin films used in this paper were prepared by ion beam sputtering and electron beam evaporation deposition techniques. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy analysis techniques were used in this study. By measuring the infrared temperature spectrum, we obtained the two-dimensional correlation synchronous spectrum and asynchronous spectrum, and decomposed the in-phase and out-phase asymmetric stretching vibration characteristics of Si O Si. As the temperature increases, the spectral transmittance of the vibrating peak decreases, and the relative change of in-phase asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak is higher than that of the out-phase asymmetric stretching vibration absorption peak.

Silicon thin films were prepared on silica substrates by ion beam sputtering, electron beam evaporation and ion assisted deposition. The transmittance spectrum, the reflectance spectrum and the ellipsometric spectrum were obtained in the wavelength region from 300nm and 2000nm, where Lambda 900 spectroscopy and VASE ellipsometer were applied. The optical constants were calculated by multiple spectrum analysis with WVASE32 which is the analysis software for ellipsometry of J.A.Woollam company. There were about ten nanometers of silicon dioxide layers on the surface of the silicon films. The near infrared extinction coefficient of the silicon thin film prepared by ion beam sputtering was the largest, followed by ion assisted deposition, the extinction coefficient of the electron beam evaporated silicon film was the smallest, and the refractive index of the electron beam evaporated silicon thin film was the lowest. The heat treatment experiments of 300°C and 400°C showed that the refractive index of the 600nm-200nm band of the ion beam sputtering silicon film decreased obviously, while the refractive index of the electron beam evaporation and the ion assisted deposition silicon thin film had little change, and the heat treatment at 300°C could significantly reduce the extinction coefficient of the near infrared band of the three silicon thin films. In the further heat treatment at 400°C, the extinction coefficient of the ion beam sputtering silicon film and the ion assisted deposition silicon film continued to decrease, while the extinction coefficient of the electron beam evaporated silicon film increased.

The radiation wavelength of the carbon dioxide is 4.3μm. It is a kind of background noise that affect the image contrast in infrared imaging system seriously. Mirror is an important optical element in infrared optical system. This paper intends to design a 4.3μm wavelength filter base on the mirror. So, it is called reflective filter. It can replace the original mirror in the infrared optical system in order to filter out the radiation wavelength of the carbon dioxide and enhance the image quality. The reflective filter consists of metal and dielectric films. The absorption of the Al film which is the underlayer has been induced by the outer side dielectric multilayer films at 4.3μm. And it will keep high reflectivity in other wavelength at the same time. The design result as follow was obtained after optimization design. The average reflectivity is about 98% in the range of 3.7-4.2μm and 4.4-4.8μm (reflection bands) and the reflectivity is less than 10% at 4.3μm (absorption band) when the incident angle is 45°. The reflection phase of the metal-dielectric films was analyzed. The electric field distribution of reflection bands and absorption band was shown respectively. At last, in order to filter out the peak as much as possible, the design method and result of absorption band widening of the reflective filter was shown. Compare the all dielectric transmission minus filter, the layer number of the reflective filter is fewer and the total thickness of the coating is lower. Therefore, the manufacturing process became easier. The reliability became higher. More important, a better parameter of filter was obtained.

SiO2 thin films is one of the most important low refractive index materials in the field of optical thin film. SiO2 thin films were deposited on Si substrates by different deposition technique. The optical stability of SiO2 thin films were investigated as a function of time placed in the air. Optical constants of SiO2 thin films were calculated using the ellipsometry spectra at different aging times. With the increase of the placed time, the physical thickness and optical thickness of EB-SiO2 thin films and IAD-SiO2 thin films increase, but IBS-SiO2 thin film decreases. The change of optical thickness of SiO2 thin films are separately 1.0%, 2.3% and -0.2%. When the placed time reaches 120 days, the physical thickness and optical thickness of IBS-SiO2 thin films, EB-SiO2 thin films, and IAD-SiO2 thin films tend to be stable. The results indicate that the optical stability of IBS-SiO2 thin film is better than other SiO2 thin films, and in the design of protective coating, SiO2 thin films should be deposited with ion beam sputtering technique.