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The quality of postharvest fruit is susceptible to deteriorate, resulting in economic losses, and the disease caused by pathogen is one of the main reasons for the deterioration of postharvest fruit quality. At present, the research on postharvest disease loss of fruit is mainly focused on the pathogenic mechanism of pathogens, although few has been reported on the resistance response of fruits after infected by pathogens. In this paper, the physiological, biochemical, and molecular mechanisms of postharvest response to pathogen infection were reviewed, including the effects of pathogen infection on fruit cell structure, fruit defense enzyme system and the role of fruit metabolites in disease resistance. The research status of fruit disease resistance genes was also discussed. The response of harvested fruits that were infected by pathogens was deeply reviewed from the physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms, which laid the foundation for the research and development of new techniques of fruit preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yimeng scorpion is a specific geographical indication breed of Yimeng Mountain area in China. The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Yimeng scorpion was determined for the first time (Accession number MN597087). It is mitochondrial genome (14,840 bp) contains 13 protein-coding genes, 21tRNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and one large non-coding region (a possible control region). Moreover, tRNA-ASP-loss was observed from the Yimeng scorpion mitochondrial genome. The mitochondrial genome sequence of the Yimeng scorpion enriches data resource for further research on genetic mechanism and classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a worldwide problem. Endoscopic observation of H. pylori infection in vivo would be helpful to obtain an immediate diagnosis. The aim of this review is to describe recent advances in endoscopic technology and to review the available literature pertaining to its clinical application in H. pylori infection. Endoscopic visualization of H. pylori infection is not always feasible using conventional endoscopy. Thus, advanced endoscopic techniques have been developed with the aim of providing a precise and ''real-time'' endoscopic diagnosis. Recently, new endoscopic techniques such as magnifying endoscopy, narrow band imaging, I-Scan, endocytoscopy and endomicroscopy help focus examination of the stomach to diagnose disease in a time-efficient manner, and the analysis of mucosal surface details is beginning to resemble histologic examination. The new detailed images have enabled endoscopists to observe microscopic structures, such as gastric pit patterns, microvessels and cell morphology. Accordingly, endoscopic prediction of H. pylori infection is possible by analysis of surface architecture of the mucosa, which influences the clinical management. These endoscopic techniques might lead us to easier diagnosis and treatment of H. pylori-related diseases.