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ObjectiveTo investigate the quality of disinfection in the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid sampling sites in Shanghai.MethodsSwab samples of medical staff’ hands and environments of different SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid sampling sites were collected from July to September 2022， with the total number of bacterial colonies cultured and counted.ResultsA total of 728 swab samples were collected from 69 sampling sites. The median total number of bacterial colonies on hand surface， object surface and air samples were 0 CFU·cm-2， 0 CFU·cm-2， and 1 CFU·（petri dish∙5 min）-1， respectively， and P95 was 13 CFU·cm-2， 5.3 CFU·cm-2， and 17.8 CFU·（culture vessel∙5 min）-1， respectively. According to the GB 15982‒2012 Hygienic Standard for Disinfection in Hospitals class Ⅳ environment， 680 samples met the standard （93.4%）. Furthermore， 96.9%， 92.0%， and 92.2% of the samples in the sampling sites of tertiary/secondary hospitals， community health centers， and community convenience sampling sites met the standard， respectively. Quality of disinfection did not differ significantly across these sampling sites.ConclusionThe quality of disinfection in the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid sampling sites in Shanghai is generally good. Additionally， hand hygiene of medical staff and disinfection on object surface in some sampling sites need to be strengthened.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the risk factors affecting the positive detection of Acinetobacter baumannii on the hands in medical staff of hospitals in Shanghai， and provide epidemiological evidence for the prevention and control of nosocomial infections.MethodsThe hands of doctors， nurses and care workers in key departments were sampled every quarter from 2018 to 2020 according to GB 15982‒2012 "Hospital Disinfection and Hygiene Standards". Separation and identification of A. baumannii were followed with sampling shortly. Information about the working years of sampling subjects， the hand sanitizers of which sampling subjects had used and the ingredients and actual using time of the hand sanitizers was collected while sampling. Finally， 709 samples were selected for this research after excluding the unqualified samples.ResultsThe positive detection of the hand samples was 7.05%. The logistic regression model suggested that the department， the time of using hand sanitizer， the hospital grade and occupational category were determinants of A. baumannii positive detection on hands in medical staff. The risk of A. baumannii positive detection in internal medicine department was 2.846 （95%CI：1.402‒5.776） times higher than that in intensive care unit while it was 3.357 （95%CI：1.349‒8.353） times higher in surgery department than that in intensive care unit. Regarding the use of hand sanitizer， the risk of A. baumannii positive detection was 3.076 （95%CI：1.534‒6.168） times higher in the staff used the hand sanitizer over 14 days than in the medical staff used the sanitizer within 14 days. The risk of A. baumannii positive detection in medical worker in secondary hospitals was 2.235（95%CI：1.088‒4.588）times than in tertiary hospitals. The risk of A. baumannii positive detection of care workers was 3.634 （95%CI：1.764‒7.484） times higher than nurses.ConclusionThe positive detection of hand samples was 7.05%. Department， the time of using hand sanitizer， the hospital grade and occupational category were determinants of A. baumannii positive detection on hands in medical staff. It was necessary to improve hand hygiene for medical staff， especially for care worker. Cleaning and disinfection need to be strengthened in internal department and surgery department.

Nature owns the ability to construct structurally different polymers from the same monomers. While polymers can be classified as covalent polymers (CPs) and supramolecular polymers (SPs), it is still difficult to synthesize CPs and SPs using same monomers like nature do. Herein, M1 with two diazo salts on both the ends was designed. Additionally, hydroquinone was chosen to be M2 for the existence of two hydroxyl groups. When mixing at room temperature, M1 and M2 self‐assembled to SPs via N...H hydrogen bonds. In another way, upon the exposure to ultraviolet irradiation when blending M1 with M2, CPs were fabricated in the presence of covalent bonds. The excellent thermal stability of CPs was determined by TGA and DSC, while the great corrosion resistance of covalent polymers was detected by acid or alkali immersion. In this way, constructing two kinds of polymers using the same monomers was successfully achieved. This shows tremendous potential in fields of polymer science, supramolecular chemistry, which would boom the development of polymers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional multicolor fluorescent hydrogels are generated through the assembly of discrete fluorescent hydrogels, which is not a complete integration much distinct from living organisms. On the basis of aggregation‐induced emission (AIE), a special solvent polar‐responsive AIE molecule possessing a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) effect was noticed. By incorporating it into the gel network, an AIE gel that displays continuous gradient fluorescence was fabricated. First, hydrogel A containing the solvent polar‐responsive AIE‐gen was prepared to show orange fluorescence. After soaking in the organic solvents, the fluorescence color transition of hydrogel A ranging from orange to green occurred when being immersed in high‐polarity organic solvents ascribed to the embedded AIE‐gen owning TICT effect. Then, hydrogel A was successively lifted up from organic solvents. Due to the different immersion time of each section for the hydrogel, the polarity difference occurred. Then, the produced gel B showed continuous gradient fluorescence ranging from orange to green under the irradiation of UV light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supramolecular polymers find wide applications across diverse domains, and the molecular weight exerts a critical influence on their applicability. Consequently, the measurement of molecular weight for supramolecular polymers assumes paramount significance. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) requiring low‐concentration condition is a common characterization employed for molecular weight determination, which is not suitable for supramolecular polymers possessing concentration‐independence property. Here, to break this threshold, we synthesized M1 embodying dibenzo‐24‐crown‐8 (DB24C8) moiety as well as dibenzylammonium salt (DBA) group, which was capable of self‐assembling into supramolecular polymers terminated with aldehyde groups at its end. Upon the addition of (4‐ (1,2,2‐Triphenylvinyl) phenyl) methylamine (TPE‐NH2), supramolecular polymers underwent a transition into polyrotaxanes, for which it was led by the generation of imine bonds. By virtue of GPC, the molecular weight of polyrotaxanes was obtained, then it was available to gain the molecular weight of supramolecular polymers with the help of transformation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]