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Based on the traditional form of the endogenous growth model, and for it to increase the micro-foundation that includes the homogeneous and representative bank resource allocation, this paper constructs an endogenous economic growth model that includes the investment structure of the residential sector and financial deepening. Using China’s prefecture-level data proves that due to the inherent difference between the central planner’s single equilibrium solution and the family’s decentralised equilibrium solution, when the residential sector’s preference for real estate investment causes the investment structure to deviate from the optimal level of society, the increase in the proportion of real estate investment The allocation efficiency of financial resources has a significant inhibitory effect and drags down the realisation of long-term potential economic growth. In the absence of a central planner in a market economy, increasing leverage may not mean financial deepening, but may reduce financial efficiency (FEt) and accumulate systemic financial risks.

Intensity-modulated direct-detection (IM/DD) optical systems are most widely employed in short-reach optical interconnects due to their simple structure and cost-effectiveness. However, IM/DD systems face mixed linear and nonlinear channel impairments, mainly induced by the combination of square-law detection and chromatic dispersion, as well as the utilization of low-cost non-ideal transceivers. To solve this issue, recent years have witnessed a growing trend of introducing machine learning technologies such as neural networks (NNs) into IM/DD systems for channel equalization. NNs usually present better system performance than traditional approaches, and various types of NNs have been investigated. Despite the excellent system performance, the associated high computational complexity is a major drawback that hinders the practical application of NN-based equalizers. This paper focuses on the performance and complexity trade-off of NNs employed in IM/DD systems, presenting a systematic review of the current status of NN-based equalizers as well as a number of effective complexity reduction approaches. The future trends of leveraging advanced NN in IM/DD links are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The effectiveness and safety of pituitrin injection coupled with hysteroscopy and suction curettage as treatment for type I cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) have not been studied enough in the literature, by comparing it to uterine artery embolization (UAE) followed by suction curettage we aim to determine its efficacy. Materials and Methods: Data of 53 patients (the PIT group) with type I CSP treated with pituitrin injection combined with hysteroscopic suction curettage and 137 patients (the UAE group) with type I CSP treated with UAE followed by suction curettage were collected in retrospect. The clinical data were analyzed statistically to compare the efficacy and safety between the two groups. Results: The PIT group had a shorter duration of postoperative vaginal bleeding, postoperative hospitalization, and overall hospitalization length (P < 0.05). The PIT group had lower overall hospitalization costs and a lower rate of adverse events than the UAE group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of treatment success rate, the average length of operation, blood loss during the procedure, time when serum β-hCG returned to normal range, and menstrual recovery time after hospital release (P > 0.05). Conclusion: UAE and pituitrin injection followed by hysteroscopic suction curettage are good choices for type I CSP treatment. However, pituitrin injection with hysteroscopic suction curettage outperforms UAE followed by suction curettage. Thus, pituitrin injection may be an option of high priority for type I CSP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weakly coupled mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) systems based on intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) are a good candidate for further improving the capacity of short-reach optical interconnections. However, restrained by the modal crosstalk of the transmission link and the reception of degenerate mode groups (DMGs) utilizing bandwidth-limited multimode photodetectors (PDs), high-speed MDM IM-DD has encountered a capacity bottleneck. In this Letter, we investigate a high-speed weakly coupled MDM IM-DD transmission system utilizing a degenerate mode diversity receiver scheme adopting high-bandwidth single-mode PDs over a multiple-ring-core (MRC) few-mode fiber (FMF) and a low-crosstalk mode multiplexer/demultiplexer (MUX/DMUX). An MDM IM-DD transmission with four DMGs and eight wavelengths is experimentally demonstrated with 112-GBaud four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM4) and probabilistically shaped PAM8 per lane over 200-m weakly coupled MRC-FMF. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of the MDM IM-DD transmission system with up to 112-GBaud baud rate and beyond 6.4-Tb/s net rate. Meanwhile, the experimental results show that the proposed MDM IM-DD transmission link has a superior performance only adopting a low-complexity feedforward equalizer, making it a promising candidate for high-speed optical interconnections.