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Background: We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes patients on basal insulin therapy with inadequate glucose control due to discordance between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c ) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the real world.Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from the ORBIT study in China. Clinical characteristics of patients with discordance between HbA1c and FPG at baseline and at the end of 6 months of follow-up were analysed using multinomial logistic regression in 4 study groups divided by HbA1c and FPG.Results: Overall, of 6721 patients initiated on basal insulin, 853 achieved HbA1c  < 7% but FPG ≥ 7 mmol/L (group 2), while 997 had FPG < 7 mmol/L but HbA1c  ≥ 7% (group 3) at the end of follow-up. Patients in group 3 had a longer duration of type 2 diabetes compared with those in group 2 (7.22 ± 5.30 vs 6.00 ± 4.80 y, P < .05). Patients on glargine (32.90%) or detemir (36.88%) treatment accounted for a higher proportion of patients with both HbA1c and FPG controlled than those on neutral protamine Hagedorn therapy (23.45%; P < .05). Per the multinomial logistic analysis, higher frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and use of glargine or detemir therapy were significantly inversely associated with risk of discordance between HbA1c and FPG, while dose of insulin was a risk factor for discordance at the end of follow-up (all P < .05).Conclusions: Patients treated with insulin analogues (glargine or detemir), instead of neutral protamine Hagedorn, and with more frequent SMBG are more likely to exhibit concordance between HbA1c and FPG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To compare glucose control and safety of different basal insulin therapies ( BI, including Insulin NPH, glargine and detemir) in real-world clinical settings based on a large-scale registry study. Methods In this multi-center 6-month prospective observational study, patients with type 2 diabetes ( HbA1c ≥ 7%) who were uncontrolled by oral anti-diabetic drugs ( OADs) and were willing to initiate BI therapy were enrolled from 209 hospitals within 8 regions of China. Type and dose of BI were at the physician's discretion and the patients' willingness. Interviews were conducted at 0 months (visit 1), 3 months (visit 2) and 6 months (visit 3). Outcomes included change in HbA1c, hypoglycemia rate and body weight from baseline at 6 months. Results A total of 16 341 and 9002 subjects were involved in Intention- To- Treat ( ITT) and per-protocol ( PP) analysis, respectively. After PS regression adjustment, ITT analysis showed that reduction in HbA1c in glargine (2.2% ± 2.1%) and detemir groups (2.2% ± 2.1%) was higher than that in the NPH group (2.0% ± 2.2%) ( P < .01). The detemir group had the lowest weight gain (−0.1 ± 2.9 kg) compared with the glargine (+0.1 ± 3.0 kg) and NPH (+0.3 ± 3.1 kg) groups ( P < .05). The glargine group had the lowest rate of minor hypoglycaemia, while there was no difference in severe hypoglycaemia among the 3 groups. The results observed in PP analyses were consistent with those in ITT analysis. Conclusion In a real-world clinical setting in China, treatment with long-acting insulin analogues was associated with better glycaemic control, as well as less hypoglycaemia and weight gain than treatment with NPH insulin in type 2 diabetes patients. However, the clinical relevance of these observations must be interpreted with caution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes patients on basal insulin therapy with inadequate glucose control due to discordance between glycated haemoglobin (HbA 1c ) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the real world., Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of data from the ORBIT study in China. Clinical characteristics of patients with discordance between HbA 1c and FPG at baseline and at the end of 6 months of follow-up were analysed using multinomial logistic regression in 4 study groups divided by HbA 1c and FPG., Results: Overall, of 6721 patients initiated on basal insulin, 853 achieved HbA 1c  < 7% but FPG ≥ 7 mmol/L (group 2), while 997 had FPG < 7 mmol/L but HbA 1c  ≥ 7% (group 3) at the end of follow-up. Patients in group 3 had a longer duration of type 2 diabetes compared with those in group 2 (7.22 ± 5.30 vs 6.00 ± 4.80 y, P < .05). Patients on glargine (32.90%) or detemir (36.88%) treatment accounted for a higher proportion of patients with both HbA 1c and FPG controlled than those on neutral protamine Hagedorn therapy (23.45%; P < .05). Per the multinomial logistic analysis, higher frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and use of glargine or detemir therapy were significantly inversely associated with risk of discordance between HbA 1c and FPG, while dose of insulin was a risk factor for discordance at the end of follow-up (all P < .05)., Conclusions: Patients treated with insulin analogues (glargine or detemir), instead of neutral protamine Hagedorn, and with more frequent SMBG are more likely to exhibit concordance between HbA 1c and FPG., (Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)