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We integrally demonstrate 2 μm mode-locked pulses performances in all-fiber net anomalous dispersion cavity. Stable mode-locking operations with the center wavelength around 1950-1980 nm can be achieved by using the nonlinear polarization rotation structure and properly designing the dispersion management component. Conventional soliton is firstly obtained with a total anomalous dispersion cavity. Due to the contribution of commercial ultra-high numerical aperture fibers, net dispersion is reduced to -0.077 ps2. So that stretched pulse with 19.4 nm optical bandwidth is obtained and the de-chirped pulse-width can reach 312 fs using extra-cavity compression. Under pump power greater than 890 mW, stretched pulse can evolve into noise-like pulse with 41.3 nm bandwidth. The envelope and peak of such broadband pulse can be compressed with up to 2.2 ps and 145 fs, respectively. The single pulse energy of largely chirped stretched and noise-like pulse can reach 1.785 nJ and 1.53 nJ, respectively. Furthermore, extra-cavity compression can also contribute to a significant increase of peak power.

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Radiation‐induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) is a life‐threatening complication of thoracic radiotherapy, which contributes to continued deterioration in pulmonary function. Sphingosine‐1 phosphate receptor 3 (S1PR3) has been identified as a crucial molecule in fibrosis. Accumulating evidence indicated that the inhibition of the S1PRs ameliorates fibrogenesis. Thus, this study aims to explore whether S1PR3 participates in RIPF and elucidates the molecular mechanisms underlying S1PR3‐modulated epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) in transforming growth factor‐β1‐induced pulmonary epithelia. A recombinant adeno‐associated viral‐mediated S1PR3 (AAV‐S1PR3) gene therapy analyzed the effect of S1PR3 gene deficiency on the altered histology structure and molecular mechanisms in the lung of mice with whole‐lung irradiation. Compared with the AAV‐negative control mice, AAV‐mediated S1PR3 knockdown in the lung of mice attenuated pulmonary fibrosis induced by the radiation, as indicated by the alleviation of collagen accumulation, lessened histopathological alterations, and the suppression of inflammatory cells infiltration. S1PR3 deficiency reversed the RIPF concomitantly with abrogated EMT‐related protein (α‐smooth muscle actin). Consistently, S1PR3‐deficient pulmonary epithelia inhibited the EMT process changes and fibrosis formation. Furthermore, S1PR3 was designated as one of the target genes for microRNA‐495‐3p (miR‐495‐3p). The inhibition of miR‐495‐3p promoted the expression of S1PR3 in pulmonary epithelia, whereas the overexpression of miR‐495‐3p inhibited the S1PR3/SMAD2/3 pathway and suppressed the EMT process. Collectively, miR‐495‐3p might be a negative regulator of the EMT process in fibrosis formation by inhibiting the targeted S1PR3 gene. These results established a link between the S1PR3 gene, the EMT process, and the fibrosis, suggesting the pharmacological blockage of S1PR3 as a potential therapeutic strategy for RIPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The reduction in functional residual capacity (FRC) is a significant pathological factor in the development of postoperative pulmonary complications. Appropriate positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is critical to preserve FRC during mechanical ventilation. Our previous study suggests that using driving pressure-guided PEEP can reduce postoperative pulmonary complications. In this study, we hypothesize that individualized PEEP can increase immediate postoperative FRC and improve lung ventilation., Methods: This single-centered, randomized controlled trial included a total of 91 patients scheduled for laparoscopic surgery for colorectal carcinoma. Patients were randomly assigned to receive individualized PEEP guided by minimum driving pressure or a fixed PEEP of six cmH2O. The primary outcome was postoperative FRC. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, postoperative Oxygenation Index, alveolar-arterial oxygen tension difference (PA-aO2), intrapulmonary shunt (QS/QT), and Respiratory Index, as well as lung ventilation measured by electrical impedance tomography., Results: The median value of PEEP in the individualized group was 14 cmH2O, with an interquartile range of 12-14 cmH2O. The postoperative FRC was significantly higher in the individualized PEEP group than that in the PEEP six cmH2O group (32.8 [12.8] vs. 25.0 [12.6] mL/kg, P=0.004). Patients receiving driving pressure-guided PEEP also had significantly higher Oxygenation Index, better ventilation distribution, and lower PA-aO2, QS/QT, and Respiratory Index., Conclusions: Driving pressure-guided PEEP can preserve postoperative FRC and provide better ventilation and oxygenation for patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal surgery.