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BackgroundIn December 2019, pneumonia cases of unknown origin were reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Identified as the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), the number of cases grew rapidly by human-to-human transmission in Wuhan. Social media, especially Sina Weibo (a major Chinese microblogging social media site), has become an important platform for the public to obtain information and seek help. ObjectiveThis study aims to analyze the characteristics of suspected or laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients who asked for help on Sina Weibo. MethodsWe conducted data mining on Sina Weibo and extracted the data of 485 patients who presented with clinical symptoms and imaging descriptions of suspected or laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19. In total, 9878 posts seeking help on Sina Weibo from February 3 to 20, 2020 were analyzed. We used a descriptive research methodology to describe the distribution and other epidemiological characteristics of patients with suspected or laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) infection. The distance between patients’ home and the nearest designated hospital was calculated using the geographic information system ArcGIS. ResultsAll patients included in this study who sought help on Sina Weibo lived in Wuhan, with a median age of 63.0 years (IQR 55.0-71.0). Fever (408/485, 84.12%) was the most common symptom. Ground-glass opacity (237/314, 75.48%) was the most common pattern on chest computed tomography; 39.67% (167/421) of families had suspected and/or laboratory-confirmed family members; 36.58% (154/421) of families had 1 or 2 suspected and/or laboratory-confirmed members; and 70.52% (232/329) of patients needed to rely on their relatives for help. The median time from illness onset to real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing was 8 days (IQR 5.0-10.0), and the median time from illness onset to online help was 10 days (IQR 6.0-12.0). Of 481 patients, 32.22% (n=155) lived more than 3 kilometers away from the nearest designated hospital. ConclusionsOur findings show that patients seeking help on Sina Weibo lived in Wuhan and most were elderly. Most patients had fever symptoms, and ground-glass opacities were noted in chest computed tomography. The onset of the disease was characterized by family clustering and most families lived far from the designated hospital. Therefore, we recommend the following: (1) the most stringent centralized medical observation measures should be taken to avoid transmission in family clusters; and (2) social media can help these patients get early attention during Wuhan’s lockdown. These findings can help the government and the health department identify high-risk patients and accelerate emergency responses following public demands for help.

Abstract Optical wireless communication (OWC) stands out as one of the most promising technologies in the sixth-generation (6G) mobile networks. The establishment of high-quality optical links between transmitters and receivers plays a crucial role in OWC performances. Here, by a compact beam splitter composed of a metasurface and a fiber array, we proposed a wide-angle (~120°) OWC optical link scheme that can parallelly support up to 144 communication users. Utilizing high-speed optical module sources and wavelength division multiplexing technique, we demonstrated each user can achieve a communication speed of 200 Gbps which enables the entire system to support ultra-high communication capacity exceeding 28 Tbps. Furthermore, utilizing the metasurface polarization multiplexing, we implemented a full range wide-angle OWC without blind area nor crosstalk among users. Our OWC scheme simultaneously possesses the advantages of high-speed, wide communication area and multi-user parallel communications, paving the way for revolutionary high-performance OWC in the future.

Abstract Background This study aimed to synthesize and quantitatively examine Health State Utility Values (HSUVs) for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its complications, providing a robust meta-regression framework for selecting appropriate HSUV estimates. Method We conducted a systematic review to extract HSUVs for T2DM and its complications, encompassing various influencing factors. Relevant literature was sourced from a review spanning 2000-2020, supplemented by literature from PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science (up to March 2024). Multivariate meta-regression was performed to evaluate the impact of measurement tools, tariffs, health status, and clinical and demographic variables on HSUVs. Results Our search yielded 118 studies, contributing 1044 HSUVs. The HSUVs for T2DM with complications varied, from 0.65 for cerebrovascular disease to 0.77 for neuropathy. The EQ-5D-3L emerged as the most frequently employed valuation method. HSUV differences across instruments were observed; 15-D had the highest (0.89), while HUI-3 had the lowest (0.70) values. Regression analysis elucidated the significant effects of instrument and tariff choice on HSUVs. Complication-related utility decrement, especially in diabetic foot, was quantified. Age

Abstract National and global food security depend on both supply and demand, yet the vast majority of studies on the impact of climate change on food security have focused somewhat myopically on the supply side. Here, we assess planetary implications of the changing climate for food supply, concurrently considering implications of shifts in dietary preferences on food security. From 1990 to 2018, climate change detrimentally impacted on the food production of 92% of nations assessed. During this time, demand decreased at a greater rate than food supply in 28% of countries; food security for 35% of the global population was unperturbed by climate change. On the other hand, 2% of the global population did not benefit from positive impacts of climate change on food production, due to dietary changes faster increasing food demand. If consumers shift dietary preferences en masse towards healthier diets, detrimental impacts of the climate crisis on food security may be abated, although en mass and/or abrupt transitions in dietary preferences are unlikely.

Abstract Circular RNA (circRNA) is thought to mediate the occurrence and development of human cancer and usually acts as a tiny RNA (miRNA) sponge to regulate downstream gene expression. However, it is not clear whether and how circACVR2A (hsa_circ_0001073) is involved in the progression of HCC. The purpose of this study is to clarify the potential role and molecular mechanism of circACVR2A in regulating the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). The abundance of related proteins in circACVR2A, microRNA (miR511-5p) and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway was determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or Western blotting. Cell viability, invasion and apoptosis were analyzed by CCK-8, Transwell analysis and Tunel staining, respectively. The interaction between circACVR2A and microRNA was evaluated by double luciferase reporter gene assay. The results showed that circACVR2A was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Our in vivo and in vitro data showed that circACVR2A promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC. In terms of mechanism, we found that circACVR2A can directly interact with miR511-5p and act as a miRNA sponge to regulate the expression of related proteins in PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. In HCC, circACVR2A can mediate miR-511-5p/mRNA network to activate PI3K signal pathway. This shows that the molecular regulatory network with circACVR2A as the core is a new potential target for diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Abstract Extreme myopia (EM), defined as a spherical equivalent (SE) ≤ −10.00 diopters (D), is one of the leading causes of sight impairment. Known EM-associated variants only explain limited risk and are inadequate for clinical decision-making. To discover risk genes, we performed a whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 449 EM individuals and 9606 controls. We find a significant excess of rare protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in EM cases, enriched in the retrograde vesicle-mediated transport pathway. Employing single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and a single-cell polygenic burden score (scPBS), we pinpointed PI16 + /SFRP4+ fibroblasts as the most relevant cell type. We observed that KDELR3 is highly expressed in scleral fibroblast and involved in scleral extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. The zebrafish model revealed that kdelr3 downregulation leads to elongated ocular axial length and increased lens diameter. Together, our study provides insight into the genetics of EM in humans and highlights KDELR3’s role in EM pathogenesis.

Al–Li alloy has been widely used in the manufacture of aerospace aircraft structural parts due to its high specific strength and excellent comprehensive performance. Friction stir welding (FSW), as a solid-state joining technique, generates comparatively lower heat generation in contrast to fusion welding. However, even with this reduced heat input, the welded joints of 2195 Al–Li alloy still exhibit noticeable thermal softening. FSW is very sensitive to welding heat input, and the thermal cycle of high peak temperature coarsens the grain in the weld zone, thereby reducing joint properties. To overcome these problems, external cooling can be applied to reduce peak temperature and increase cooling speed, improving the performance of FSW joints. In order to study the mechanism of external cooling on the microstructure evolution of joints, this work established a multi-scale simulation of splat cooling assisted friction stir welding (SCaFSW) of 2195 Al–Li alloy. The temperature change and material deformation data in SCaFSW were calculated in the macroscopic finite element model and used for further Monte Carlo microstructure evolution simulation, and compared with the conventional FSW process. Results reveal that the splat cooling significantly reduces the area of the high temperature region of the workpiece, decreasing the temperature at the same location 10 mm behind the tool by approximately 50 °C compared to FSW. While the local temperature field around the tool pin is not affected by the splat cooling, which mainly accelerates the cooling rate of the welded joint and reduces the plastic strain. In addition, the dislocation density in the weld nugget zone (WNZ) of SCaFSW joint is higher than that in conventional FSW, which promotes the process of grain nucleation and finally refines the grain in the WNZ. The simulated average grain size and thermal cycling results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

Abstract Microorganisms are essential in the decomposition of corpses and play a significant role in forensic science. However, previous studies have primarily focused on animal remains, specifically the gut, skin, and burial environment. Insufficient research has been conducted on the microbiota of human cadavers, especially in cases of advanced decomposition and additional tissues, resulting in a lack of relevant reference data. In this study, the microbiota of eight cadavers at different stages of decomposition were detected using 16S rRNA, metagenomic sequencing and 2bRAD-M sequencing. Nine different sites, including oral and nasal cavities, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle and gut, were analysed and the efficacy of these methods was evaluated. The results showed that 16S rRNA sequencing was the most cost-effective method for the study of cadavers in the early stages of decomposition, whereas for cadaveric tissues in the late stages of decomposition, 2bRAD-M could overcome host contamination more effectively than metagenomic sequencing. This paves the way for new opportunities in data retrieval and promotes in-depth investigations into the microbiota.

Abstract Background Migraine has been associated with mental disorders, however whether parental migraine is associated with an increased risk of major mental disorders (MMDs) in offspring has not been investigated. We aimed to examine the risk of the development of MMDs in the offspring of parents with migraine compared with those of parents without migraine. Methods This study used data derived from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Offspring of parents with migraine and a control group consisting of offspring of parents without migraine matched for demographic and parental mental disorders were included. Cox regression was used to estimate the risk of MMDs, including schizophrenia, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Sub-analyses stratified by the fathers and mothers were further performed to separately clarify the risks of MMDs among the offspring. Results We included 22,747 offspring of parents with migraine and 227,470 offspring of parents without migraine as the controls. Parental migraine was significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD (reported as hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals: 1.37, 1.25–1.50), bipolar disorder (1.35, 1.06–1.71), and depressive disorder (1.33, 1.21–1.47) compared to the offspring of parents without migraine. Importantly, sub-analyses showed that only maternal migraine was significantly associated with these risks. Conclusions Due to the heavy burden of MMDs, healthcare workers should be aware of the risk of MMDs in the offspring of parents with migraine, particular in mothers.

The wind power industry is increasing worldwide every year. Thus, obtaining timely and detailed information on wind farms’ number and spatial distribution is critical for quantitatively estimating wind energy utilization and for planning the construction of new wind farms. Therefore, this study proposes a method for quickly identifying wind farms in a large-scale area. Given that wind farms mainly comprise individual objects such as wind turbines and substations, we labeled sample images of wind turbines and substations on a global scale. Then, these sample images are used to train a target recognition model and an object classification model and detect the specific locations of wind turbines and substations in the study area. Additionally, we deeply analyzed the location features of the wind turbines and further improved the recognition accuracy based on these known features using geographic constraints. Based on the location information of wind turbines and substations, a clustering model organizes them effectively into complete wind farms. A comprehensive evaluation of the clustering model verifies its scientific validity and reliability. Specifically, this framework was systematically tested throughout Vietnam with remarkable results, using high-resolution historical images provided by Google Earth. Indeed, our framework achieved 90.45% recall and 95.73% accuracy for wind turbines and 81.37% recall and 78.96% accuracy for substations. Finally, we successfully obtained the spatial location and distribution of 15 completed wind farms, demonstrating that the proposed scheme can quickly and accurately identify wind power plants in a large-scale area, which supports wind power management and energy utilization planning.

Abstract Background There are numerous methods available for predicting sepsis following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy. This study aims to compare the predictive value of Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SISR), National Early Warning Score (NEWS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and procalcitonin (PCT) for septicemia. Methods Patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy were included in the study and divided into a control group and a septic shock group. The effectiveness of qSOFA, SIRS, NEWS, Interleukin-6, and Procalcitonin was assessed, with Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and Area Under the Curve used to compare the predictive accuracy of these four indicators. Results Among the 401 patients, 16 cases (3.99%) developed septic shock. Females, elderly individuals, and patients with positive urine culture and positive nitrite in urine were found to be more susceptible to septic shock. PCT, IL-6, SIRS, NEWS, qSOFA, and surgical time were identified as independent risk factors for septic shock. The cutoff values are as follows: qSOFA score > 0.50, SIRS score > 2.50, NEWS score > 2.50, and IL-6 > 264.00 pg/ml. Among the 29 patients identified by IL-6 as having sepsis, 16 were confirmed to have developed sepsis. The qSOFA identified 63 septicemia cases, with 16 confirmed to have developed septicemia; NEWS identified 122 septicemia cases, of which 14 cases actually developed septicemia; SIRS identified 128 septicemia patients, with 16 confirmed to have developed septicemia. In terms of predictive ability, IL-6 (AUC 0.993, 95% CI 0.985 ~ 1) demonstrated a higher predictive accuracy compared to qSOFA (AUC 0.952, 95% CI 0.928 ~ 0.977), NEWS (AUC 0.824, 95% CI 0.720 ~ 0.929) and SIRS (AUC 0.928, 95% CI 0.888 ~ 0.969). Conclusions IL-6 has higher accuracy in predicting septic shock after PCNL compared to qSOFA, SIRS, and NEWS.