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To observe the characteristics of suction loss in small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and analyze the factors affecting the stability of the suction ring, classify and grade suction loss, and determine the principles for its prevention and control.This study enrolled patients who underwent SMILE between June 2014 and June 2017. The relationship between the stability of the suction ring and suction loss was ascertained using surgical records and video recordings. The suction loss was classified and graded according to its characteristics and relationship with eye or head movement. The effect of target intervention on suction loss was observed.Suction loss can be divided into sudden and progressive types. According to the severity, the latter was divided into three grades (grade 1A or 1B, 2 and 3). Of the 1200 eyes (608 patients), two (0.17%) had sudden suction loss, and 132 (11%) had progressive suction loss. The superior part, inferior part, and other parts accounted for 63.4%, 19.3%, and 17.3% of progressive suction loss, respectively. The proportion of grades 1A, 1B, 2, and 3 suction loss was 53%, 34%, 12%, and 1%, respectively. The location of the threatened suction loss was opposite to the direction of the patient's head movement. After the intraoperative intervention, grades 1 and 2 did not develop into "actual" suction loss.Progressive suction loss was the most frequently observed suction loss during SMILE procedure. Grading suction loss can elucidate its underlying mechanism, which can guide targeted intervention measures to effectively control and reduce suction loss-induced damage, and further improve the safety and efficacy of SMILE.

Rhodambulyx xinyuae Xu, Melichar & He sp. nov. fi��������������� HOLOTYPE: ♂, Dawopu (1,200���1,300 m), Simianshan, Jiangjin District, S. W. Chongqing, China, 2019���III���3, C. Zhang leg. [KIZ 0136260]. PARATYPES: 2♂♂, the same data as the holotype, C. Zhang leg. [ZBX][GenBank accession no.: MZ606150 and MZ606151]; to be transferred to KIZ at a later date]; 1♂, the same collecting data, [KIZ 0136261]; 1♂, Tudiyan (1,100 m), Simianshan, Jiangjin District, S. W. Chongqing, China, 2021���II���22, C. Zhang leg. [KIZ 0136262]. Description: Male (Figure 3 A���D). Forewing length 39���42 mm, ground colour brownish,with some individuals more reddish. Body brownish. Antenna about one-third of forewing length, beige with brownish pectinations. Forewing upperside: Ground colour brownish-beige, with three transverse darker brown bands overlain by a faintly silvery sheen. Discal spot creamy yellow. Subapical patch paler, running from costa to vein M 3, crossed by the postdiscal band, immediately adjacent to which is a brownish apical patch. Terminal band inwardly wavy with silvery sheen. Forewing underside: Light buff-brown peppered with darker scales, basal half covered with reddish hair forming a patch. Discal band darker, running from costa into the basal reddish patch. Submarginal line rather thin, Y-shaped running from apex and costa to cell CuA 1, bifurcating in cell M 1. Hindwing upperside: Ground colour brownish-red. Darker postmedial line rather obscure. Narrow black outer margin fades inwardly. Hindwing underside: Postmedial and submarginal bands brownish-red, distinctly delineated. Cilia creamy yellow. Female. Unknown. Male genitalia. In total, five genitalia were dissected. Overall, heavily sclerotized. Tegumen and vinculum broad, the latter with a very short saccus (Figure 4A and B); uncus broadest at base, elongate, gradually narrowing towards a slightly bifurcate tip; apical third ventrally with a median ridge that bifurcates into two apical ridges (Figure 7A), and which is individually variable in shape (see Figure 7D). Valve broad in basal half, nearly rectangular, elongate and more membranous in the distal half, covered with dense setae, harpe triangular, broad at base and gradually narrowed, then abruptly upturned into hooked tip (Figure 7B and E). Juxta thin, rising from base of valve. Phallus of moderate length, straight; basal half narrower, distal half approximately of equal width; tip pointed with smooth cornuti (Figure 7C and F). Female genitalia. Unknown. Voltinism: Univoltine, adults appearing from mid-February to early March. In the same area, no adults have been found in other months, and no other species of the same genus have been found. Distribution: Currently known only from the Simianshan, S. W. Chongqing. Derivatio nominis: The species is dedicated to Ms Xin-Yu Zhang (Chongqing, China), wife of Chao Zhang. Zhang decided to express his love for his wife and her unselfish companionship and support over the years. Biology: The adults appear in February and March, flying in Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest with foggy weather. Larval hostplants unknown. Morphological comparison with similar species Since R. xinyuae sp. nov. is readily distinguishable from R. hainanensis, R. haxairei, and R. schnitzleri (Figure 6), the present study hereafter only compares it with the two most similar species, namely R. davidi and R. kitchingi., Published as part of Xu, Zhen-Bang, Melichar, Tom����, He, Ji-Bai, Zhang, Chao, Zhang, Xin-Yu, Feng, Du & Hu, Shao-Ji, 2022, A new species of Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Southwest Chongqing, China, pp. 48-62 in Zootaxa 5105 (1) on pages 53-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5105.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6332502, {"references":["Mell, R. (1939) Beitrage zur Fauna sinica. XVIII. Noch unbeschriebene chinesische Lepidopteren (V). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin, 52, 135 - 152."]}

Rhodambulyx kitchingi Brechlin, 2015 Male (Figure 3 E���H). Forewing length 43���49 mm, brownish ochre. Body brownish. Antenna about one-third of forewing length, beige with brownish pectinations. Forewing upperside: Ground colour reddish-beige, with three distinctly transverse darker brown bands overlain by a faintly silvery sheen. Discal spot creamy yellow. Postdiscal band straight, running from costa to inner margin. Terminal band inwardly wavy with silvery sheen. Apical patch brownish with obscure boundary inwardly. Forewing underside: Buff-brown peppered with darker scales, basal half covered with reddish hair forming a patch. Discal band darker and distinct, running from costa into the basal reddish patch. Submarginal line distinct, Y-shaped running from apex and costa to cell CuA 1, bifurcating in cell M 1. Hindwing upperside: Ground colour brownish-red. Darker postdiscal line obscure, with narrow black outer margin. Hindwing underside: Postdiscal and submarginal bands brownish-red, distinctly delineated. Cilia creamy yellow. Male genitalia. In total, seven genitalia were dissected. Overall heavily sclerotized. Tegumen and vinculum broad, the latter with a short saccus (Figure 3C and D); uncus broadest at base, elongate towards a bifurcate tip (Figure 7G); apical third ventrally with a median ridge that bifurcate into two apical ridges, and which is individually variable in shape (see Figure 7J). Valve broad in basal half, nearly rhombic, elongate and more membranous in the distal half, covered with dense setae, harpe triangular, broad at base and gradually narrowed, then abruptly downward into hooked tip (Figure 7H and K). Phallus of moderate length, straight; basal half narrower; distal half approximately of equal width; tip elongated and pointed with smooth cornuti (Figure 7I and L). Diagnostic characters: The two known species (R. davidi and R. kitchingi) can be distinguished by the following characters: (1) R. kitchingi is more reddish than R. davidi in external appearance. (2) The brownish apical patch of forewing upperside in R. davidi more distinct than R. kitchingi. (3) The postdiscal band of forewing in R. kitchingi is straighter than that of R. davidi. (4) The discal band on the forewing underside in R. kitchingi is more distinct than that of R. davidi. (5) The postdiscal and submarginal bands in hindwing underside are more distinct in R. kitchingi (Figure 3). Genitally: (1) The pointed triangular tip in the uncus of R. davidi is far less obvious, appearing almost rounded. (2) The harpe is thinner and sharper in R. davidi than in R. kitchingi (Figure 4 and Figure 7). The new species resembles R. kitchingi from central Vietnam but can be distinguished from the following characteristics: (1) Its smaller size on average, (2) the brownish apical patch of forewing upperside more distinct than R. kitchingi, (3) the duller silvery sheen on the forewing upperside in new species. (4) The discal band on the forewing underside in the new species is not as distinct as that in R. kitchingi. (5) The narrow black margin fades inwardly in hindwing upperside of new species, but this feature is not obvious in R. kitchingi (Figure 3). In male genitalia, the diagnostic differences are: (1) the uncus of the new species is not gradually tapered distally as it is in R. kitchingi (2) the dorsal margin of harpe is smoother rather than wavy in R. kitchingi (3) the phallus is shorter with a shorter tip (Figure 4 and Figure7). Rhodambulyx xinyuae sp. nov. is also similar to R. davidi. However: (1) The delimited subquadrate creamy yellow patch on the forewing in the new species is more evident than that in R. davidi. (2) The postdiscal band of forewing upperside in the new species, straighter than that in R. davidi. (3) The postmedial and submarginal bands on hindwing underside of the new species are more distinct than those of R. davidi. (4) The narrow black outer margin of the hindwing fades inwardly in the new species, which is not obvious in R. davidi (Figure 3). In male genitalia, the diagnostic differences are: (1) The pointed triangular tip in the uncus of R. davidi is far less obvious, appearing almost rounded. (2) The harpe is sharper in R. davidi than in R. xinyuae sp. nov. (Figure 4 and Figure 7)., Published as part of Xu, Zhen-Bang, Melichar, Tom����, He, Ji-Bai, Zhang, Chao, Zhang, Xin-Yu, Feng, Du & Hu, Shao-Ji, 2022, A new species of Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Southwest Chongqing, China, pp. 48-62 in Zootaxa 5105 (1) on pages 56-57, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5105.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6332502, {"references":["Mell, R. (1939) Beitrage zur Fauna sinica. XVIII. Noch unbeschriebene chinesische Lepidopteren (V). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin, 52, 135 - 152."]}

Rhodambulyx davidi Mell, 1939 Male (Figure 3 I���J). Forewing length 42���54 mm, ochre. Body brownish. Antenna about one-third of forewing length, beige with brownish pectinations. Forewing upperside: Ground colour reddish-beige with three transverse light brown bands overlain by a clear silvery sheen. Discal spot creamy yellow. Postdiscal band wavy, running from costa to inner margin. Terminal band inwardly wavy with strongly silvery sheen. Brownish apical patch distinct. Forewing underside: Light buff-brown peppered with darker scales, basal half covered with faintly brownish-beige hair forming a patch. Discal band obscure, running from costa into the basal brownish-beige patch. Submarginal line thin, Y-shaped running from apex and costa, gradually disappearing to cell CuA 1, bifurcating in cell M 1. Faintly black terminal band slightly disappeared to basal. Hindwing upperside: Ochre-beige with narrow black outer margin. Darker postdiscal line rather disappeared. Hindwing underside: Postdiscal and submarginal bands ochre, slightly indistinct. Cilia reddish beige. Male genitalia. In total, seven genitalia were dissected. Overall sclerotized. Tegumen and vinculum broad, the latter with a short saccus (Figure 3C and D); uncus broad at base, elongate, triangular shaped with blunt tip (Figure 7M). Valve broad in basal half, nearly oval, elongate and more membranous in the distal half, covered with dense setae, harpe triangular, broad at base and gradually narrowed, then abruptly upturned into hooked tip (Figure 7N). Juxta thin, rising from base to valve. Phallus straight, basal half and distal half approximately of equal width; distal half gradually narrowed with teardrop-shaped tip (Figure 7O)., Published as part of Xu, Zhen-Bang, Melichar, Tom����, He, Ji-Bai, Zhang, Chao, Zhang, Xin-Yu, Feng, Du & Hu, Shao-Ji, 2022, A new species of Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939 (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Southwest Chongqing, China, pp. 48-62 in Zootaxa 5105 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5105.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6332502, {"references":["Mell, R. (1939) Beitrage zur Fauna sinica. XVIII. Noch unbeschriebene chinesische Lepidopteren (V). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Berlin, 52, 135 - 152."]}

A new species of the genus Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939, Rhodambulyx xinyuae sp. nov., is described from Simianshan Nature Reserve in Southwest Chongqing, China. This species is similar to R. davidi Mell, 1939 and R. kitchingi Brechlin, 2015 in habitus, but can be distinguished by a different wing pattern, male genitalia structure and DNA barcode sequence. In addition, Rhodambulyx namvui Eitschberger & Nguyen, 2017 is removed from synonymy with R. kitchingi and synonymized instead with R. davidi, although whether it would be better treated as a subspecies of R. davidi requires further investigation.

Background Several planning algorithms have been developed for topography-guided custom ablation treatment (T-CAT), but each has its own deficiencies. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the potential of a novel mutual comparative analysis (MCA) informed by manifest refraction and corneal topographic data and the patient’s subjective perception in correcting ametropia. Methods This retrospective review included patients with significant preoperative differences in the power or axis of astigmatism according to the manifest refraction and corneal topographic data (power > 0.75 D and/or axis > 10°). T-CAT planning was designed using MCA. Follow-ups were conducted for at least 6 months. Results Seventy-nine patients (121 eyes) were included. The mean preoperative deviation in the astigmatic power and axis were 0.72 ± 0.43 D and 20.18 ± 23.68°, respectively. The average oculus residual astigmatism (ORA) was 0.81 ± 0.32 D (range: 0.08–1.66 D). Six months postoperatively, the mean spherical equivalent refraction was 0.04 ± 0.42 D, and the mean cylinder was − 0.27 ± 0.24 D. The mean efficacy and safety indices were 1.10 and 1.15, respectively. The uncorrected distance visual acuity in 92% of the eyes was the same or better than the corrected distance visual acuity. The angle of error was ±5° in 61% of eyes and ± 15° in 84% of eyes. Residual astigmatism was ≤0.5 D in 91% of eyes. Optical quality and photopic contrast sensitivity did not change significantly (p > 0.05), and the scotopic contrast sensitivity decreased at 3, 6, and 12 cpd (p

PurposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the difference between Caucasian and Chinese healthy subjects with regards to Corvis ST dynamic corneal response parameters (DCRs).MethodsTwo thousand eight hundred and eighty-nine healthy Caucasian and Chinese subjects were included in this multicenter retrospective study. Subsequently, Chinese eyes were matched to Caucasians by age, intraocular pressure (IOP), and Corneal Thickness (CCT) using a case-control matching algorithm. The DCRs assessed were Deformation Amplitude (DA) Applanation 1 velocity (A1v), integrated radius (1/R), deformation amplitude ratio (DAratio), stiffness parameter at applanation 1 (SPA1), ARTh (Ambrósio's Relational Thickness to the horizontal profile), and the novel Stress Strain Index (SSI).ResultsAfter age-, CCT-, and IOP- matching, 503 Chinese were assigned to 452 Caucasians participants. Statistical analysis showed a statistical significant difference between Chinese and Caucasian Healthy subjects in the values of SPA1 (p = 0.008), Arth (p = 0.008), and SSI (p < 0.001). Conversely, DA, A1v, DAratio, and 1/R were not significantly different between the two ethnical groups (p > 0.05).ConclusionWe found significant differences in the values of the DCRs provided by the Corvis ST between Chinese and Caucasian healthy subjects.