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Purpose: To study the effect of the coracohumeral interval and orientation of the glenoid for causation of subscapularis tears and literature review for the need of coracoplasty. Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent arthroscopic shoulder surgery from January 2013 to December 2017. The coracohumeral interval and orientation of the glenoid in patients with arthroscopically diagnosed subscapularis tears (group A, n = 40) were compared with 2 control groups (group B, n = 38 [intact subscapularis with supraspinatus and infraspinatus cuff tears] and group C, n = 39 [intact rotator cuff]). Group A1 (n = 23) consisted of the isolated subscapularis and combined subscapularis + supraspinatus tears, and group A2 (n = 17) all the 3 rotator cuff tears. The measurements were made on preoperative axial magnetic resonance imaging. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the groups. Results: The mean coracohumeral interval was 8.81 ± 2.69 mm in group A and 10.62 ± 2.21 and 10.39 ± 2.59 mm in control groups B and C, respectively; this difference was statistically significant (P = .002 and .01, respectively). The mean glenoid version in patients with subscapularis tears was −3.7°, whereas the mean version in patients with intact cuff was −3.4°, and this difference was not statistically significant (P = .74). The mean glenoid version was −4.69° ± 4.22° in group A1 and −3.28° ± 4.04° in group B, with no statistically significant difference (P = .07). Conclusion: The coracohumeral interval was significantly decreased in patients with subscapularis tears. The glenoid was retroverted in the subscapularis group but was not statistically significant.

Lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various applications, including electric vehicles and renewable energy storage. The prediction of the remaining useful life (RUL) of batteries is crucial for ensuring reliable and efficient operation, as well as reducing maintenance costs. However, determining the life cycle of batteries in real-world scenarios is challenging, and existing methods have limitations in predicting the number of cycles iteratively. In addition, existing works often oversimplify the datasets, neglecting important features of the batteries such as temperature, internal resistance, and material type. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a two-stage RUL prediction scheme for Lithium-ion batteries using a spatio-temporal multimodal attention network (ST-MAN). The proposed ST-MAN is to capture the complex spatio-temporal dependencies in the battery data, including the features that are often neglected in existing works. Despite operating without prior knowledge of end-of-life (EOL) events, our method consistently achieves lower error rates, boasting mean absolute error (MAE) and mean square error (MSE) of 0.0275 and 0.0014, respectively, compared to existing convolutional neural networks (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM)-based methods. The proposed method has the potential to improve the reliability and efficiency of battery operations and is applicable in various industries., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Background: Orthodontic treatment often induces pain, especially post appliance placement. This study compares transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) and acetaminophen for orthodontic pain management., Materials and Methods: A randomized trial included 120 fixed orthodontic patients divided into three groups (n = 40): Group A received TENS, group B received acetaminophen, and group C was the control. Data were expressed as mean ± SD. Repeated ANOVA analysis compared mean values, followed by post-hoc Tukey analysis. Pain levels were assessed using a visual analog scale before any intervention and at 30 minutes, 6 hours, and 24 hours post activation., Results: TENS and acetaminophen significantly reduced pain compared to the control. Group A (TENS) showed significant pain reduction post activation. Group B (acetaminophen) exhibited comparable pain relief, with no significant difference between groups., Conclusion: Both TENS and acetaminophen effectively manage orthodontic appliance activation pain., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Background: Anatomical variations of the mandibular canal play a vital role while performing surgical procedures affecting an area with mandibular canal course in the mandible. The neurovascular bundle may be severed during surgical procedures carried out mandible., Aims and Objectives: The present retrospective study was aimed to assess and evaluate the mandibular canal and its variations on the panoramic radiography., Materials and Methods: The study included 88 randomly selected panoramic radiographs with complete mandible and associated bone. On a panoramic radiograph, the following parameters were assessed including bifid mandibular canal and location of bifurcation, the diameter of the mandibular canal as recorded in the first molar region, trabeculation in submandibular gland fossa, anterior loop measurement, direction and diameter of the bifid mandibular canal were all evaluated. Statistical analysis was done., Results: In 51 hemimandibles, the mandibular canal was found to be corticalized, whereas in 21.59% ( n = 19), the mandibular canal was visible. In the remaining 20.45% ( n = 18) of the study participants, the mandibular canal was not visualized. In the submandibular gland fossa region, diminished trabeculation was seen in 55.68% of the evaluated radiographs, whereas trabeculation was not seen at all in the remaining 23.86% of the subjects. A significant correlation was seen in decreased trabeculation of submandibular gland fossa and absence of the mandibular canal ( P value < 0.001). The bifid mandibular canal was seen in 19.31% of the study participants ( n = 17) with a mean width of 3.12 ± 1.1 mm. Extension of the anterior loop of the mental nerve was seen as up to 2 mm in majority participants in 67.04% individuals ( n = 59)., Conclusion: The present study suggests that panoramic radiographs are a reliable tool for assessment of the mandibular canal and associated anatomical variations associated with it., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Aim: To evaluate the mean cephalometric values for Steiner Analysis in bihar population., Objectives: To evaluate the cephalometric features of a bihar population and to present&#95;an organized, comprehensive cephalometric norms for Steiner cephalometric analysis.. To introduce mean values to assess skeletal, dental and soft tissue relationship using Steiner analysis for orthodontic diagnosis.. To compare standards that will be derived with the earlier established norms for other population., Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics,Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences And Hospital,Patna(Bihar). The sample was collected from the out patient department of the same college., Source of the Data: The present analysis was made on lateral cephalograms of 60 subjects with well balanced and acceptable facial profile of Bihar population. The subjects were informed about the purpose of the study., Methods of Collection of Data: Subjects with age group of 18-26 years with dento-alveolar class I malocclusion and acceptable facial profile were selected by trained orthodontists, who belonged to the department of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics,Buddha Institute of Dental Sciences And Hospital., Results and Conclusion: There was increase in SNA angle, SNB angle, SND angle,in Bihar population than Caucasians. Bihar population has proclined and forwardly placed upper and lower incisors, which was indicative of bimaxillary protrusion as compared to Caucasians. Bihar population had protrusive upper and lower lips as compared to Caucasians. Bihar population males had tendency towards horizontal growth pattern of the mandible than females. Bihar females had more proclined lower incisors than males., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Background: Sickle cell disease is the most pervasive autosomal recessive hereditary blood diseases and is characterized by the presence of sickle hemoglobin (HbS), which in turn gives rise to pathophysiological consequences. This HbS reduces the agility of erythrocytes plummeting their ability to pass through small vascular channels, which in turn results in increased blood viscosity and congestion of vascular beds, causing ischemia, local infarction, and hemolysis., Objectives: The current study was conducted to carry out the morphometric analysis in patients with sickle cell disease., Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 75 subjects detected with sickle cell disease aged between 8 and 16.5 years. The study involved 38 males and 37 females. All the subjects were subjected to lateral cephalogram for the calculation of various angular and linear dimensions of the craniofacial structures. The linear measurements made were nasion-menton height, anterior nasal spine (ANS)-menton height, and nasion-ANS height, whereas the angular measurements made were Frankfurt mandibular plane angle, Frankfort mandibular incisor angle, and incisor mandibular plane angle., Results: Major chunk of the subjects had retruded mandible and vertical growth pattern. Few subjects exhibited with maxillary protrusion., Conclusion: It is concluded that early diagnosis and management of dental malocclusion in patients with sickle cell disease plays a pivotal role in an attempt to endow with a better quality of life to these individuals., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2021 Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.)

Early detection of faults in rotating machinery systems is crucial in preventing system failure, increasing safety, and reducing maintenance costs. Current methods of fault detection suffer from the lack of efficient feature extraction method, the need for designating a threshold producing minimal false alarm rates, and the need for expert domain knowledge, which is costly. In this paper, we propose a novel data-driven health division method based on convolutional neural networks using a graphical representation of time series data, called a nested scatter plot. The proposed method trains the model with a small amount of labeled data and does not require a threshold value to predict the health state of rotary machines. Notwithstanding the lack of datasets that show the ground truth of health stages, our experiments with two open datasets of run-to-failure bearing demonstrated that our method is able to detect the early symptoms of bearing wear earlier and more efficiently than other threshold-based health indicator methods.

Objectives: Vaginal hysterectomy can be associated with a significant risk of vault haematomas with consequent postoperative morbidity. The aim of this study was to assess the use of a Foley Catheter as a vaginal drain in premenopausal women undergoing a vaginal hysterectomy and the impact on different outcomes including development of vault haematoma, length of hospital stay, antibiotics usage, readmissions to the hospital and febrile morbidity in the immediate postoperative period., Study Design: This study was conducted at a tertiary teaching hospital and was a retrospective cohort study of women undergoing a vaginal hysterectomy. The study compared 52 women in the study group with a Foley catheter drain to 51 age matched controls without a drain who underwent surgery for similar indications. Outcomes were compared using the Chi square test and student t-test., Results: Comparing women with a drain to those without demonstrated a statistically significant difference with worse outcomes for all parameters in women without a drain: evidence of vault haematomas (0 vs 8; p = 0.0025); length of hospital stay over 2 days (3 vs 15; p = 0.001); discharge with antibiotics for vault haematomas (5 vs 0; p = 0.028) and readmission rates (0 vs 7; p = 0.005). There was no statistical difference in the number of women with temperatures over 38 °C (4 vs 2; p = 0.3) in either group., Conclusion: A Foley catheter used as a pelvic drain following a vaginal hysterectomy reduces postoperative complications associated with vault haematomas with shorter hospital stay, lower antibiotic usage and lower readmission rate., (Crown Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

An unknown impurity was observed during stability studies of Gabapentin capsules. This impurity has been identified, synthesized, isolated and characterized using modern analytical tool. The novel impurity was confirmed as adduct of Gabapentin and lactose; an excipient used in formulation. The elucidated impurity was further confirmed by its synthesis, which was formed due to Maillard reaction and Amadori rearrangement., (Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

A new unknown impurity was observed in accelerated stability studies of Metoprolol tartrate tablets. This impurity has been identified, synthesized and characterized through different spectral studies and confirmed as an adduct of lactose and Metoprolol formed by Maillard reaction., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Aim: To present our experience of laparoscopic nephrectomies done for benign and malignant conditions; and the impact of learning curve on outcome., Settings and Design: Retrospective study., Materials and Methods: Between January 2000 and September 2006, 396 laparoscopic nephrectomies were performed at our institute for various benign and malignant conditions. These included 250 simple nephrectomies, 48 nephroureterectomies, 95 radical nephrectomies, two partial nephrectomies and one hemi-nephrectomy. For the purpose of self-evaluation, we have divided our experience into two groups. Group 1 (learning phase) comprised the first 100 cases; Group 2 (consolidation phase) comprised cases performed after the initial learning phase. Retrospective evaluation of the case records was done to evaluate the differences in the operative and postoperative outcome., Statistical Analysis Used: Student's 't' test using SPSS 14.0 software., Results: Demographic profile of the patients and relative indications of procedures performed were similar in the two groups. Mean operative time in Group 1 was 262 +/- 37 min, which reduced to 184 +/- 44 min in Group 2 (P<0.001). Mean operative blood loss was 310 +/- 58 ml and 198 +/- 88 ml (P<0.001); and blood transfusion was required in 38% and 13.5% of patients (P<0.001) of Group 1 and Group 2 respectively. There was a significant reduction in the intraoperative and postoperative complications from 16% in Group 1 to 3.4% in Group 2 (P<0.001). Similarly, conversion to an open procedure was required in 17% cases of Group 1 and 5.4% cases of Group 2 (P<0.01)., Conclusions: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a viable option which can be performed safely with increasing experience.

Aim: Radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF) at wrist is the vascular access of choice for dialysis. In the absence of a suitable vein at the wrist, a brachiocephalic fistula at elbow is usually constructed. In order to avoid the complication of vascular steal syndrome associated with the brachiocephalic fistula, an alternative operative technique involving the creation of radio-median cubital vein / radiocephalic fistula at elbow was evaluated., Settings and Design: Retrospective study., Materials and Methods: Between January 1990 and October 2005, 320 patients underwent creation of radio-median cubital vein / radiocephalic AVF at elbow as a primary procedure or following failure of a fistula at the wrist. A transverse skin incision was made 4cm below the elbow crease, centering in line with the brachial artery pulsation. The median cubital vein / cephalic vein was anastomosed to the radial artery in end to side fashion. The surgical complications and patency of the fistulae were analyzed in the immediate and late postoperative period., Results: Mean operative time was 55 +/- 7.15 min. There were no major intraoperative complications. Immediate patency and a palpable distal radial pulse were present in all the patients. Mean time to fistula maturation was 26 +/- 5.2 days. No patient developed a vascular steal syndrome at a median follow-up of 54 months (range 12-168 months) Early fistula failure was seen in 16 (5%) patients whereas eight (2.5%) fistulas failed at a later date. Pseudoaneurysm of the arterialized vein at the fistula site developed in only one (0.3%) patient. Pseudoaneurysm proximal to the anastomosis developed in three (0.9%) patients. Sixteen (5%) patients requested for closure of the fistula following successful renal transplant due to unsightly dilated veins and continuous noisy murmur disturbing their sleep., Conclusions: The radio-median cubital vein / radiocephalic AV fistula at elbow is safe and is a better vascular access procedure for hemodialysis than brachiocephalic fistula because it leads to the dilatation of both the cephalic and the basilic veins with no incidence of vascular steal phenomenon in our experience. Patency and flow rates are similar to brachiocephalic fistula.

Objective: Previous pharmacokinetic studies have demonstrated bioequivalence of Imusporin (microemulsion preparation of cyclosporine, Cipla) to the innovator product Neoral (Novartis, Switzerland). This study was done to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Imusporin in patients who have already undergone renal transplant and have stable graft function maintained on cyclosporine preparation other than Imusporin., Materials and Methods: Twenty-two renal allograft recipients (mean age of 31.77 years, range 18-53 years), with stable graft function, previously on Neoral or Bioral were switched over to Imusporin after recording their relevant baseline clinical and biochemical parameters. These were repeated on 1, 4, 7, 15, 30 and 90 days after the start of therapy. Change in dosage required to maintain C2 levels at each visit were analyzed by paired sample t-test. Safety of the drug was assessed by the type and severity of adverse events developed during the therapy. Cost analysis was done assuming an average maintenance immunosuppression dose of 150 mg/day of cyclosporine., Results: Twenty-one patients completed the study. One patient was lost to follow-up. Mean C2 value before switchover was 894 +/- 208 ng/ml, which was not significantly different from the mean values of C2 after switchover therapy (P>0.30). Change in dosage required to maintain C2 levels was not significantly different from the baseline dose of 2.34 mg/ kg body weight (P>0.1). No patient developed graft rejection after switchover therapy at a median follow-up of 16 months (14-18 months). Mean baseline SCr was similar to SCr at day 90 (1.38 vs. 1.37 mg/dl, P=0.930). No severe adverse events were reported. Mild side-effects included headache (4), somnolence (2), dry mouth (5) and generalized fatigue (6). Use of Imusporin (Cipla, India) results in an annual savings of Rs. 19892 over Neoral (Novartis, Switzerland) and Rs. 2263 over Bioral (Panacea Biotech, India)., Conclusions: Imusporin is clinically as safe and efficacious as other cyclosporine preparations available while significantly reducing the cost of treatment.

Objective: To report our experience in managing various benign and malignant renal tumors with nephron-sparing surgery., Materials and Methods: Records of patients who underwent nephron-sparing surgery (NSS) either through open or laparoscopic approach between May 1997 and June 2006 at our institution were reviewed. Patient and tumor-related characteristics, treatment modality and complications were noted., Results: There were 26 patients (29 renal units), including three with bilateral lesions who underwent nephron-sparing surgery. Mean age at surgery was 47.0 years (range 16-67 years). Mean tumor size was 4.7 cm (range 2-7.5 cm). Mean warm ischemia time was 41 min and 32.5 min, operative time 158 min and 186 min and blood loss 200ml and 85 ml in open (n=24) and laparoscopic approach (n=2) respectively. Complications were seen in five (19.2%) patients of whom two had postoperative bleeding requiring nephrectomy in one and angioembolization in another. One patient with persistent urinary leak required intervention. Local wound infection in one patient and incisional hernia in another were surgically managed. Histopathological profile revealed 13 (44.8%) benign lesions which included angiomyolipoma (eight), simple cyst (two), cortical adenoma (one), metanephric adenoma (one) and myelolipoma (one). The remaining 16 (55.2%) malignant lesions included renal cell carcinoma (15) and metastatic adenocarcinoma (one). At a mean follow-up of 38.6 months (range 1-91) no patient had local recurrence or distant metastasis. Cancer-specific survival was 100% and overall survival was 92.3%., Conclusions: Nephron-sparing surgery is a safe and effective alternative to nephrectomy in both benign and malignant lesions of the kidney.