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'Based on a medieval extrabiblical Christian legend, the figure of the Wandering Jew has long served as a negative representation of all Jews. Condemned by Christ to endless wandering and everlasting life, the Wandering Jew has lived on ever since in literature and criticism as a legendary and symbolic paradigm, ranging from anti-Jewish stereotype to the generalized cultural Other. While Romanticism took him outside of the Jewish context, nineteenth-century antisemitic racism again adopted the figure in an evolving discourse that culminated in his image in Nazi propaganda as the despicable, racialized cultural Other who needed to be exterminated. The present work takes up this trope in all its complex, intersecting facets and shifts the focus of the inquiry from the perspective of the dominant culture to that of the Jewish Other. Starting with nineteenth-century American popular and mainstream writers, it explores the responses to, and the subversions and reinventions of, the paradigmatic figure in works by a variety of European, Canadian, and American Jewish writers and thinkers. It also opens the discussion to the broader issues of contemporary society and politics, such as pervasive uprootedness, transborder migration, the plight of refugees, and states'rights versus human rights.'--

Jewish Culture and Creativity honors the wide-ranging scholarship of Prof. Michael Fishbane with contributions of his students on subjects that cover the gamut of Jewish studies, from biblical and rabbinic literature to medieval and modern Jewish culture, and concluding with case studies of the creative application of Prof. Fishbane's thought and theology in contemporary Jewish life. The innovative scholarship represented in this volume offers critical new perspectives from antiquity to contemporary Judaism and will serve as a stimulus for new directions in and beyond the field of Jewish studies.

This study features essays from leading scholars highlighting the important Jewish contributions to the popular medieval genre of romance. Writing against strict notions of genre boundaries and canonization, this volume provides a new understanding of medieval and early modern romance through a working definition consisting of variable elements, including language, literary devices, plot, and characters. The contributions in this volume establish that many texts written in the medieval and early modern Jewish communities across Europe and beyond can be classified as'romance.” Each of the nine chapters as well as the afterword by Eli Yassif discusses romance as it relates to the medieval and early modern Jewish world, as well as the greater non-Jewish context. This volume places Jewish texts into the scholarly conversation as sources for forming a new understanding of the genre of romance across religious and cultural boundaries.

Sacred Body: Readings in Jewish Literary Illumination provides fresh and insightful interpretations of Jewish texts, narratives, and cultural practices that show how these artifacts unhinge the “sacred” from the divine and focus instead on the “everyday sacred” of a dynamic earthly existence that emphasizes the body, celebrates life-affirming decisions, actions, and relationships, and avoids abstraction, metaphysics, and apocalypticism. Roberta Sabbath argues that a diverse array of Jewish artifacts, from sacred scripture to contemporary novels and ballet performance, articulate a tradition that has existed for millennia in mythic, proto-historic, legalistic, mystical, philosophical, and aesthetic expressions of Jewishness. The author refers to this tradition as Jewish literary illumination, and she deftly demonstrates how it illuminates the most salient message of Judaism: that earthly existence and the body are also the site of the spiritual and the sacred.

Spanning the fields of literature, history, philosophy, and theology, Unsettling Jewish Knowledge adopts a fresh approach to the study of Jewish thought and culture. By creatively foregrounding the role of emotions, senses, and the imagination in Jewish experience, the book invites readers to consider what it means for Jewish identity and experience to be constituted outside the frameworks of reasoned thought and inquiry. The collection's eight essays offer innovative and provocative approaches to a diverse array of topics including modern Jewish-Christian relations, the book of Isaiah, contemporary Jewish fiction, and philosophical meditations on Jewish law. Their bold interpretations of Jewish texts and histories are centered on questions of faith, loss, prejudice, and enchantment—and the darker implications of these questions. The book's essays also illuminate the importance of desire as a key motivating force in the pursuit of knowledge. Weaving together insights from several disciplines, Unsettling Jewish Knowledge challenges us to grapple with the unexpected, the unconventional, and the uncomfortable aspects of Jewish experience and its representations.Contributors: Anne C. Dailey, John Efron, Yael S. Feldman, Galit Hasan-Rokem, Martin Kavka, Lital Levy, Shaul Magid, Eva Mroczek, Paul E. Nahme, Eli Schonfeld, Shira Stav.

The most up-to-date critical guide mapping the history, impact, key critical issues, and seminal texts of the genre, Jewish Comics and Graphic Narratives interrogates what makes a work a'Jewish graphic narrative', and explores the form's diverse facets to orient readers to the richness and complexity of Jewish graphic storytelling. Accessible but comprehensive and in an easy-to-navigate format, the book covers such topics as:- The history of the genre in the US and Israel - and its relationship to superheroes, Underground Comix, and Jewish literature- Social and cultural discussions surrounding the legitimization of graphic representation as sites of trauma, understandings of gender, mixed-media in Jewish graphic novels, and the study of these works in the classroom- Critical explorations of graphic narratives about the Holocaust, Israel, the diasporic experience, Judaism, and autobiography and memoir- The works of Will Eisner, Ilana Zeffren, James Sturm, Joann Sfar, JT Waldman, Michel Kichka, Sarah Glidden, Rutu Modan, and Art Spiegelman and such narratives as X Men, Anne Frank's Diary, and Maus Jewish Comics and Graphic Novels includes an appendix of relevant works sorted by genre, a glossary of crucial critical terms, and close readings of key texts to help students and readers develop their understanding of the genre and pursue independent study.

In this groundbreaking collection of essays, interviews, and artwork, contributors draw upon a rich treasure trove of Jewish women's comics to explore the representation of Jewish women's bodies and bodily experience in pictorial narratives. Spanning national, cultural, and artistic borders, the essays shine a light on the significant contributions of Jewish women to comics.The volume features established figures including Emil Ferris, Amy Kurzweil, Miriam Libicki, Trina Robbins, Sharon Rudahl, and Ilana Zeffren, alongside works by artists translated for the first time into English, such as artist Rona Mor. Exploring topics of family, motherhood, miscarriages, queerness, gender and Judaism, illness, war, Haredi and Orthodox family life, and the lingering impact of the Holocaust, the contributors present unique, at times intensely personal, insights into how Jewishness intersects with other forms of identity and identification. In doing so, the volume deepens our understanding of Jewish women's experiences.

Secrecy and Esoteric Writing in Kabbalistic Literature examines the strategies of esoteric writing that Kabbalists have used to conceal secrets in their writings, such that casual readers will only understand the surface meaning of their texts while those with greater insight will grasp the internal meaning. In addition to a broad description of esoteric writing throughout the long literary history of Kabbalah, this work analyzes kabbalistic secrecy in light of contemporary theories of secrecy. It also presents case studies of esoteric writing in the work of four of the first kabbalistic authors—Abraham ben David, Isaac the Blind, Ezra ben Solomon, and Asher ben David—and thereby helps recast our understanding of the earliest stages of kabbalistic literary history.The book will interest scholars in Jewish mysticism and Jewish philosophy, as well as those working in medieval Jewish history. Throughout, Jonathan V. Dauber has endeavored to write an accessible work that does not require extensive prior knowledge of kabbalistic thought. Accordingly, it finds points of contact between scholars of various religious traditions.

This volume is written in the context of trauma hermeneutics of ancient Jewish communities and their tenacity in the face of adversity (i.e. as recorded in the MT, LXX, Pseudepigrapha, the Deuterocanonical books and even Cognate literature. In this regard, its thirteen chapters, are concerned with the most recent outputs of trauma studies. They are written by a selection of leading scholars, associated to some degree with the Hungaro-South African Study Group. Here, trauma is employed as a useful hermeneutical lens, not only for interpreting biblical texts and the contexts in which they were originally produced and functioned but also for providing a useful frame of reference. As a consequence, these various research outputs, each in their own way, confirm that an historical and theological appreciation of these early accounts and interpretations of collective trauma and its implications, (perceived or otherwise), is critical for understanding the essential substance of Jewish cultural identity. As such, these essays are ideal for scholars in the fields of Biblical Studies—particularly those interested in the Pseudepigrapha, the Deuterocanonical books and Cognate literature.

Das literarische und wissenschaftliche Lebenswerk von Anat Feinberg reicht weit hinaus über Forschung und Lehre: Für eine breite Öffentlichkeit ist sie die erste Ansprechperson bei der Erschließung der zeitgenössischen israelischen Literatur. Die Hochschule für Jüdische Studien Heidelberg würdigt mit dieser Festschrift in großer Dankbarkeit ihre langjährige Tätigkeit im Bereich der Wissenschaft und der deutsch-israelischen Kulturvermittlung. Der Band versammelt aktuelle Forschungsarbeiten aus den verschiedensten Gebieten der Jüdischen Studien, allen voran der jüdischen Literaturen, der israelischen Gegenwartsliteratur, der Israel-Studien und der jüdischen Geschichte. Weggefährtinnen und Weggefährten von Anat Feinberg aus Wissenschaft und Literatur in Israel, den USA und Deutschland kommen mit literarischen Beiträgen und persönlichen Erinnerungen zu Wort.

From the second half of the nineteenth century through to World War II, Eastern Europe, especially the territories that formerly made up the Pale of Settlement in the Tsarist Empire, witnessed a Jewish cultural flowering that went hand-in-hand with a multifaceted literary productivity in the Hebrew and Yiddish languages. Accompanied and sometimes directly affected by the dramatic political ruptures of the era, many authors experimented with various modernist poetics in the context of a culturally and literarily closely interwoven milieu. This beautifully illustrated catalogue presents for the first time some of the key figures of the era, including in each case a portrait of the author and a close reading of selected texts, including Yosef Ḥayim Brenner, Leah Goldberg, Moyshe Kulbak, and Deborah Vogel. Of particular interest here is the productive entanglement of cultures and literatures, of cultural contact and transfer, and the significance of space and place for the development of modern Jewish literatures.

This book offers a fresh reflection on The Book of Questions by the French-Egyptian Jewish writer Edmond Jabès and its readings, and proposes to re-contextualize　Jabès'enigmatic prose through the lens of the author's manuscripts. Addressed are the main prisms through which Jabès'oeuvre has been read since its publication in 1963: Jewishness, the Shoah, intertextuality with Midrash and Kabbalah, hermeticism and interpretation. It analyzes their shapes and their becoming in the work-in-progress, reveals the dynamics and the contexts of their evolution from the pre-texts to the text and beyond, and reflects on the relationship between creation, interpretation, and writing as a process. It seeks to rethink our reading of The Book of Questions and the poetics and hermeneutics of enigmatic writing.

Der Band verbindet umfassende Untersuchungen Karl-Wilhelm Niebuhrs zur Bedeutung von Tora und Weisheit im Frühjudentum mit Einzelstudien zu Werken und Themen der frühjüdischen Literatur. Am Anfang stehen zwei übergreifende Darstellungen zur Tora und zum Verhältnis von Weisheit und Philosophie. Es folgen Studien zum frühjüdischen Ethos im Spannungsfeld von Tora und hellenistisch-römischer Ethik, zur eschatologischen Schriftauslegung im Frühjudentum und zur Rezeption der Tora in einzelnen Werken (Weisheit Salomos, Leben Adams und Evas, Joseph und Aseneth, Pseudo-Phokylides, Syrischer Menander). Am Ende stehen exemplarische Untersuchungen zum Umgang mit dem Thema Tod und Leben bei Flavius Josephus, zum frühjüdischen und frühchristlichen Ethos in antiken Beichtinschriften und zur Lage jüdischer Gemeinschaften im kaiserzeitlichen Rom unter Nero, die dem Forschungsansatz des Corpus Judaeo-Hellenisticum entstammen.

In the past years, reflections on Jewish literatures and theoretical and methodological approaches discussed in Comparative Literature have converged. Places and Forms of Encounter in Jewish Literatures. Transfer, Mediality and Situativity brings together close readings and contextualizations of Jewish literatures with theories discussed in Comparative and World Literature Studies. The contributions are arranged in five chapters capturing central processes, actors and dynamics in the making of literatures, namely Literary Agents, Literary Figures, Writing Voids, Making of Literatures and Perceiving and Creating Languages. The volume seeks to illuminate the interrelations between literary systems, and to highlight Jewish literatures as a prism for encounters on the levels of text, discourse and culture, and their transformative force.

Journeys of dislocation and return, of discovery and conquest hold a prominent place in the imagination of many cultures. Wherever an individual or community may be located, it would seem, there is always the dream of being elsewhere. This has been especially true throughout the ages for Jews, for whom the promises and perils of travel have influenced both their own sense of self and their identity in the eyes of others.How does travel writing, as a genre, produce representations of the world of others, against which one's own self can be invented or explored? And what happens when Jewish authors in particular—whether by force or of their own free will, whether in reality or in the imagination—travel from one place to another? How has travel figured in the formation of Jewish identity, and what cultural and ideological work is performed by texts that document or figure specifically Jewish travel? Featuring essays on topics that range from Abraham as a traveler in biblical narrative to the guest book entries at contemporary Israeli museum and memorial sites; from the marvels medieval travelers claim to have encountered to eighteenth-century Jewish critiques of Orientalism; from the Wandering Jew of legend to one mid-twentieth-century Yiddish writer's accounts of his travels through Peru, Jews and Journeys explores what it is about travel writing that enables it to become one of the central mechanisms for exploring the realities and fictions of individual and collective identity.

Die Diskurse über jüdische Lebenswelten im deutschsprachigen Kulturraum und die Auseinandersetzung mit den Themen Gedächtnis, jüdische Erinnerung und Erinnerungskultur prägen die kulturwissenschaftliche Forschung schon seit langem. Der Beitrag des vorliegenden Bandes besteht darin, überblicksartig abzubilden, wie sich das Spektrum jüdischen Lebens -- und die Sicht darauf -- im Laufe der Geschichte entfaltet hat. Es werden die Auswirkungen der sozio-politischen und wirtschaftlichen Spannungen auf die jüdische Bevölkerung beleuchtet und anhand konkreter Beispiele illustriert, unter welchen Bedingungen sich Juden in Literatur, Sprache und Kultur positionieren mussten. Damit einhergehend, wird auch der Wandel nachgezeichnet, der sich im Hinblick auf die Wahrnehmung jüdischer Identität vollzog. Entsprechend werden in den hier versammelten Beiträgen Texte jüdischer und nicht jüdischer Autoren behandelt, in denen einschlägige Themen, Motive und Problemkonstellationen auftreten. Ein besonderer Fokus des Bandes gilt solchen Ereignissen, die für das jüdische Leben in Mitteleuropa einschneidend waren. Sie stehen oftmals in direkter oder indirekter Verbindung mit Extremerfahrungen wie Antisemitismus, Vertreibung, Exil und Holocaust, die das Leben von Generationen geprägt und ihr Schreiben nachhaltig beeinflusst haben.

Ce volume collectif propose une étude comparative sur les traces de la judéité dans la littérature contemporaine. La question initiale est d'explorer en quoi le récit littéraire peut continuer à transmettre une mémoire juive et de quelle mémoire il s'agit. En effet, il interroge la place d'une mémoire juive qui tout en étant historique et collective s'exprime dans les différentes écritures comme étant ancestrale et transmise de multiples façons, notamment à travers l'intertextualité et les livres. Bien qu'il s'agisse de proposer des lectures de textes littéraires, les approches sont donc interdisciplinaires : on y trouve autant de la sociologie littéraire que de l'histoire littéraire, de la traduction ou encore de la philosophie politique…

Jan-Hendryk de Boer unternimmt in dieser Arbeit eine genealogische Rekonstruktion des Konflikts um Johannes Reuchlin und die jüdischen Bücher mit dem Ziel zu verstehen, wie strukturelle Gegebenheiten, personales Handeln und interpersonale Kommunikation Möglichkeiten und Grenzen für Akteure schaffen, mit ihrem Denken, Schreiben und Handeln die Wirklichkeit zu verändern. Der spätmittelalterliche Judenhass, die Ausbreitung des Humanismus, der Buchdruck sowie die Erosion institutioneller Mechanismen wie Lehrverurteilungen und Zensur werden als Ermöglichungsbedingungen verstanden, die dazu führten, dass die Auseinandersetzung um die Frage, wie mit dem jüdischen Schrifttum umzugehen sei, allmählich eskalierte. Die beteiligten Humanisten, Theologen und Publizisten versuchten, die Gelegenheit für eine Neuordnung der gelehrten Welt zu nutzen. Sich neue Handlungsspielräume zu schaffen, bedeutete dabei immer auch, danach zu streben, den momentanen Überschuss an Kontingenz erneut in Ordnung zu überführen, aus der die jeweiligen Gegner ausgeschlossen werden sollten. Begleitet wird die historische Rekonstruktion von der Frage, wie eine ideengeschichtliche Arbeit gestaltet werden kann. Neben sprachlichen Handlungen treten insbesondere Institutionen und Intentionen als Faktoren in den Blick, die im Zentrum einer ideengeschichtlichen Methodologie stehen können.

From the Wisdom of Ben Sira to the writings of Paul, many Second Temple Jewish and early Christian texts recognize the inescapable role of testing and temptation in human experience. Though God is often presented as one who tests, testing is also attributed to Satan, Mastema, the people of God, and individual humans. How did ancient interpreters react to texts that depict the God of Israel as testing, tested, or intervening on behalf of those undergoing a test? What assumptions do authors have about the role of testing in human experience? How does the vocabulary used for testing and temptation influence the meaning of the text? The essays in the present volume constitute an opening foray into addressing these questions, and this volume aims to catalyze further research into additional dimensions of testing and overlooked motifs in the relevant literature.

Recent scholarship on the history of the biblical canons has increasingly recognised that the Jewish and Christian Bibles were not formed independently of each other but amid controversial debate and competition. But what does it mean that the formation of the Christian Bible cannot be separated from the developments that led to the Jewish Bible? The articles in this collection start with the assumption that the authorization of writings had already begun in Israel and Judaism before the emergence of Christianity and was continued in the first centuries CE by Judaism and Christianity in their respective ways. They deal with a broad range of sources, such as writings which came to be part of the Hebrew Bible, literature from Qumran, the Septuagint, or early Jewish apocalypses. At the same time they deal, for example, with structures of authorization related to New Testament writings, examine the role of authoritative texts in so-called Gnostic schools, and discuss the authority of late antique apocryphal literature.

While acknowledging the ways in which persecution inevitably affects a community, this book deviates from most Jewish studies to survey the ways in which Jewish history has been shaped by the everyday experience of love. It examines erotic poetry, sensual art and literature, and biblical and rabbinic stories about lust. It reviews the ways in which Jewish law has both encouraged and regulated sexual interaction and studies the diversity of Jewish attitudes toward such relationships, found in a vast array of works whose authors and artists often speak to the confusion and failure of love while also finding a purpose in its pursuance. It tells the stories of those people who revel in love and of others who remember love and grieve in its absence.

In Israel in Egypt scholars in different fields explore what can be known of the experiences of the many and varied Jewish communities in Egypt, from biblical sources to the medieval world. For generations of Jews from antiquity to the medieval period, the land of Egypt represented both a place of danger to their communal religious identity and also a haven with opportunities for prosperity and growth. A volume of collected essays from scholars in fields ranging from biblical studies and classics to papyrology and archaeology, Israel in Egypt explores what can be known of the experiences of the many and varied Jewish communities in Egypt, from biblical sources to the medieval world.

The Hasidic leader R. Nachman of Braslav (1772–1810) has held a place in the Jewish popular imagination for more than two centuries. Some see him as the (self-proclaimed) Messiah, others as the forerunner of modern Jewish literature. Existing studies struggle between these dueling readings, largely ignoring questions of aesthetics and politics in his work. A Permanent Beginning lays out a new paradigm for understanding R. Nachman's thought and writing, and, with them, the beginnings of Jewish literary modernity. Yitzhak Lewis examines the connections between imperial modernization processes in Eastern Europe at the turn of the eighteenth century and the emergence of'modern literature'in the storytelling of R. Nachman. Reading his tales and teachings alongside the social, legal, and intellectual history of the time, the book's guiding question is literary: How does R. Nachman represent this changing environment in his writing? Lewis paints a nuanced and fascinating portrait of a literary thinker and creative genius at the very moment his world was evolving unrecognizably. He argues compellingly that R. Nachman's narrative response to his changing world was a major point of departure for Jewish literary modernity.

Demonstrating the pervasive presence of God in modern Hebrew literature, this book explores the qualities that twentieth-century Hebrew writers attributed to the divine, and examines their functions against the simplistic dichotomy between religious and secular literature.The volume follows both chronological and thematic paths, offering a panoramic and multilayered analysis of the various strategies in which modern Hebrew writers, from the turn of the nineteenth century through the twenty-first century pursued in their attempt to represent the divine in the face of metaphysical, theological, and representational challenges. Modern Hebrew literature emerged during the nineteenth century as part of the Haskalah (Jewish Enlightenment) movement, which attempted to break from the traditional modes of Jewish intellectual and social life. The Hebrew literature that arose in this period embraced the rebellious nature of the Haskalah and is commonly characterized as secular in nature, defying Orthodoxy and rejecting God. Nevertheless, this volume shows that modern Hebrew literature relied on traditional narratological and poetic norms in its attempt to represent God. Despite its self-declared secularity, it engaged deeply with traditional problems such as the nature of God, divine presence, and theodicy.Examining these radical changes, this volume is a key text for scholars and students of modern Hebrew literature, Jewish studies and the intersection of religion and literature.

From one of today's keenest critics comes a collection of essays on poetry, religion, and the connection between the two Adam Kirsch is one of today's finest literary critics. This collection brings together his essays on poetry, religion, and the intersections between them, with a particular focus on Jewish literature. He explores the definition of Jewish literature, the relationship between poetry and politics, and the future of literary reputation in the age of the internet. Several essays look at the way Jewish writers such as Stefan Zweig and Isaac Deutscher, who coined the phrase “the non†‘Jewish Jew,” have dealt with politics. Kirsch also examines questions of spirituality and morality in the writings of contemporary poets, including Christian Wiman, Kay Ryan, and Seamus Heaney. He closes by asking why so many American Jewish writers have resisted that category, inviting us to consider “Is there such a thing as Jewish literature?”

This handbook explores beliefs of ancient Jews and Christians surrounding death and the afterlife through the lens of texts ranging from the Old Testament and New Testament, to Second Temple period and rabbinic literature, to early Christian writings. Figueras further brings together eschatological texts from Iran, Egypt, Greece, and Rome as comparanda, and provides context and bibliography to guide readers in their study of ancient Jewish and Christian views of death and the afterlife.

First published in 1899, with chapters on Josephus, the Talmud, the Midrash, Maimonides, Mendelssohn, etc.'These twenty-five short chapters on Jewish Literature open with the fall of Jerusalem in the year 70 of the current era, and end with the death of Moses Mendelssohn in 1786. Thus the period covered extends over more than seventeen centuries. Yet, long as this period is, it is too brief. To do justice to the literature of Judaism even in outline, it is clearly necessary to include the Bible, the Apocrypha, and the writings of Alexandrian Jews, such as Philo. Only by such an inclusion can the genius of the Hebrew people be traced from its early manifestations through its inspired prime to its brilliant after-glow in the centuries with which this little volume deals.'

In this book, Françoise Mirguet traces the appropriation and reinterpretation of pity by Greek-speaking Jewish communities of Late Antiquity. Pity and compassion, in this corpus, comprised a hybrid of Hebrew, Greek, and Roman constructions; depending on the texts, they were a spontaneous feeling, a practice, a virtue, or a precept of the Mosaic law. The requirement to feel for those who suffer sustained the identity of the Jewish minority, both creating continuity with its traditions and emulating dominant discourses. Mirguet's book will be of interest to scholars of early Judaism and Christianity for its sensitivity to the role of feelings and imagination in the shaping of identity. An important contribution to the history of emotions, it explores the role of the emotional imagination within the context of Roman imperialism. It also contributes to understanding how compassion has come to be so highly valued in Western cultures.

This book collects twenty two previously published essays and one new one by Erich S. Gruen who has written extensively on the literature and history of early Judaism and the experience of the Jews in the Greco-Roman world. His many articles on this subject have, however, appeared mostly in conference volumes and Festschriften, and have therefore not had wide circulation. By putting them together in a single work, this will bring the essays to the attention of a much broader scholarly readership and make them more readily available to students in the fields of ancient history and early Judaism. The pieces are quite varied, but develop a number of connected and related themes: Jewish identity in the pagan world, the literary representations by Jews and pagans of one another, the interconnections of Hellenism and Judaism, and the Jewish experience under Hellenistic monarchies and the Roman empire.

In the middle of the seventeenth century, Bohdan Khmelnytsky was the legendary Cossack general who organized a rebellion that liberated the Eastern Ukraine from Polish rule. Consequently, he has been memorialized in the Ukraine as a God-given nation builder, cut in the model of George Washington. But in this campaign, the massacre of thousands of Jews perceived as Polish intermediaries was the collateral damage, and in order to secure the tentative independence, Khmelnytsky signed a treaty with Moscow, ultimately ceding the territory to the Russian tsar. So, was he a liberator or a villain? This volume examines drastically different narratives, from Ukrainian, Jewish, Russian, and Polish literature, that have sought to animate, deify, and vilify the seventeenth-century Cossack. Khmelnytsky's legacy, either as nation builder or as antagonist, has inhibited inter-ethnic and political rapprochement at key moments throughout history and, as we see in recent conflicts, continues to affect Ukrainian, Jewish, Polish, and Russian national identity.

The year 1492 has long divided the study of Sephardic culture into two distinct periods, before and after the expulsion of Jews from Spain. David A. Wacks examines the works of Sephardic writers from the 13th to the 16th centuries and shows that this literature was shaped by two interwoven experiences of diaspora: first from the Biblical homeland Zion and later from the ancestral hostland, Sefarad. Jewish in Spain and Spanish abroad, these writers negotiated Jewish, Spanish, and diasporic idioms to produce a uniquely Sephardic perspective. Wacks brings Diaspora Studies into dialogue with medieval and early modern Sephardic literature for the first time.

Around the Point is a unique collection that brings to readers the works of almost thirty scholars dealing with Jewish literature in various Jewish and non-Jewish languages, such as Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino, French, Italian, German, Hungarian, Serbian, Polish, and Russian. Although this volume does not cover all the languages of Jewish letters, it is a significant endeavor in establishing the realm of multilingual international study of Jewish literature and culture. Among the questions under discussion, are the problems of the definition of Jewish identity and literature, literary history, language choice and diglossy, lingual and cultural influences, intertextuality, Holocaust literature, Kabbala and Hassidism, Jewish poetics, theatre and art, and the problems of the acceptance of literature.

Many Jewish artists and writers contributed to the creation of popular comics and graphic novels, and in The Quest for Jewish Belief and Identity in the Graphic Novel, Stephen E. Tabachnick takes readers on an engaging tour of graphic novels that explore themes of Jewish identity and belief. The creators of Superman (Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster), Batman (Bob Kane and Bill Finger), and the Marvel superheroes (Stan Lee and Jack Kirby), were Jewish, as was the founding editor of Mad magazine (Harvey Kurtzman). They often adapted Jewish folktales (like the Golem) or religious stories (such as the origin of Moses) for their comics, depicting characters wrestling with supernatural people and events. Likewise, some of the most significant graphic novels by Jews or about Jewish subject matter deal with questions of religious belief and Jewish identity. Their characters wrestle with belief—or nonbelief—in God, as well as with their own relationship to the Jews, the historical role of the Jewish people, the politics of Israel, and other issues related to Jewish identity. In The Quest for Jewish Belief and Identity in the Graphic Novel, Stephen E. Tabachnick delves into the vivid kaleidoscope of Jewish beliefs and identities, ranging from Orthodox belief to complete atheism, and a spectrum of feelings about identification with other Jews. He explores graphic novels at the highest echelon of the genre by more than thirty artists and writers, among them Harvey Pekar (American Splendor), Will Eisner (A Contract with God), Joann Sfar (The Rabbi's Cat), Miriam Katin (We Are On Our Own), Art Spiegelman (Maus), J. T. Waldman (Megillat Esther), Aline Kominsky Crumb (Need More Love), James Sturm (The Golem's Mighty Swing), Leela Corman (Unterzakhn), Ari Folman and David Polonsky (Waltz with Bashir), David Mairowitz and Robert Crumb's biography of Kafka, and many more. He also examines the work of a select few non-Jewish artists, such as Robert Crumb and Basil Wolverton, both of whom have created graphic adaptations of parts of the Hebrew Bible. Among the topics he discusses are graphic novel adaptations of the Bible; the Holocaust graphic novel; graphic novels about the Jews in Eastern and Western Europe and Africa, and the American Jewish immigrant experience; graphic novels about the lives of Jewish women; the Israel-centered graphic novel; and the Orthodox graphic novel. The book concludes with an extensive bibliography. No study of Jewish literature and art today can be complete without a survey of the graphic novel, and scholars, students, and graphic novel fans alike will delight in Tabachnick's guide to this world of thought, sensibility, and artfulness.

This volume, the first of its kind, establishes and clarifies the significance of Jewish rhetorics as its own field and as a field within rhetoric studies. Diverse essays illuminate and complicate the editors'definition of a Jewish rhetorical stance as allowing speakers to maintain a “resolute sense of engagement” with their fellows and their community, while also remaining aware of the dislocation from the members of those communities. Topics include the historical and theoretical foundations of Jewish rhetorics; cultural variants and modes of cultural expression; and intersections with Greco-Roman, Christian, Islamic, and contemporary rhetorical theory and practice. In addition, the contributors examine gender and Yiddish, and evaluate the actual and potential effect of Jewish rhetorics on contemporary scholarship and on the ways we understand and teach language and writing. The contributors include some of the world's leading scholars of rhetoric, writing, and Jewish studies.

The projected Historical and Theological Lexicon of the Septuagint will offer historical studies of Septuagint words, retracing their usage from early Greek authors, over koine Greek and the Septuagint translation itself, into Jewish-Hellenistic and early Christian literature. The latter two of these phases were the object of a workshop held in Bühl (Germany) on January 21 and 22, 2011. The reception of the Septuagint in Greek-speaking Judaism and Christianity raises many questions touching the lexicon, such as: How do Jewish or Christian authors writing in Greek handle the difference existing for some words between the'biblical'usage created in the Septuagint and the usual meaning in Greek? To what extent is it possible to affirm that New Testament authors borrowed their religious terminology from the Septuagint? Which words of the Septuagint continue in later writings with their specific meaning, and which ones go out of use? Is it possible to observe further semantic developments in the use of'biblical'words by Jewish or Christian authors writing in Greek? These and similar questions are of concern not only to the narrow fields of lexical semantics and philology. More often than not, they have important historical and theological implications. With help from some of the best specialists of Jewish-Hellenistic and early Christian texts, an effort will be made in this book to develop an adequate approach to the problems outlined. Papers will combine the analysis of selected words and word groups with considerations of method.

Wie kann man den einen guten Gott mit dem Bösen zusammendenken? Und ist das Böse eine angeborene Veranlagung des Menschen oder der Preis seiner Mündigkeit und Willensfreiheit? Ausgehend von biblischen Bildern und Gestalten lädt das vorliegende Buch zu einem wirkungsgeschichtlichen Gang durch die jüdische Literatur ein, der von den spätantiken Rabbinen bis zur zeitgenössischen israelischen Lyrik reicht und damit eine Fülle von Antworten zutage fördert, die weit über die Hebräische Bibel hinausgehen. Eine Studie zur Theologie, Kultur- und Mentalitätsgeschichte des Judentums. Die Analyse ist dabei als Zusammenspiel zwischen alttestamentlicher Vorlage und jüdischer Rezeption gestaltet, ein exegetisches Spiel, bei dem nicht nur die Heilige Schrift das nachbiblische Schrifttum inspiriert, sondern umgekehrt auch das spätere jüdische Literaturschaffen die biblischen Texte in ein neues und nicht selten ungewohntes Licht setzt. Oft folgt die Rezeption den übergeordneten geistesgeschichtlichen Entwicklungen, wie beispielsweise dem signifikanten Schritt von der antiken und mittelalterlichen Gotterfülltheit der Welt hin zur neuzeitlichen und (post)modernen Gottesleere. Mithin geht die theologische Fragestellung Hand in Hand mit der anthropologischen: das Böse als angeborene Veranlagung des Menschen oder als Preis seiner Mündigkeit und Willensfreiheit? Die Folgetexte können den biblischen Basistext oft bis zur Unkenntlichkeit umgestalten und ihm grundlegend veränderte, überraschende und selbst diametral entgegengesetzte Aussageintentionen aufsetzen. Eine Studie zur Theologie, Kultur- und Mentalitätsgeschichte des Judentums.

Critics commonly hold that the modern Hebrew canon reveals a shared rhetoric that is crucial for the emergence and formation of modern Jewish nationalism. Yet, does the Hebrew canon indeed demonstrate a shared logic? In Rhetoric and Nation, Ginsburg challenges the common conflation of modern Hebrew rhetoric and modern Jewish nationalism. Considering a wide range of literary, critical, and political works, Ginsburg explores the way each text manifests its own singular logic that cannot be subsumed under any single ideology. Through close readings of key canonical texts, Rhetoric and Nation establishes that the Hebrew discourse of the nation should be conceived of not as a coherent and cohesive entity but rather as an assemblage of singular, disparate moments.

This book introduces a new system for describing non-biblical ancient Jewish literature. It arises from a fresh empirical investigation into the literary structures of many anonymous and pseudepigraphic sources, including Pseudepigrapha and Apocrypha of the Old Testament, the larger Dead Sea Scrolls, Midrash, and the Talmuds. A comprehensive framework of several hundred literary features, based on modern literary studies and text linguistics, allows describing the variety of important text types which characterize ancient Judaism without recourse to vague and superficial genre terms. The features proposed cover all aspects of the ancient Jewish texts, including the self-presentation, perspective, and knowledge horizon assumed by the text; any poetic constitution, narration, thematic discourse, or commentary format; common small forms and small-scale relationships governing neighbouring parts; compilations; dominant subject matter; and similarities to the canonical books of the Hebrew Bible. By treating works of diverse genres and periods by the same conceptual grid, the new framework breaks down artificial barriers to interdisciplinary research and prepares the ground for new large-scale comparative studies. The book introduces and presents the new framework, explains and illustrates every descriptive category with reference to specific ancient Jewish texts, and provides sample profiles of Jubilees, the Temple Scroll, Mishnah, and Genesis Rabbah. The books publication is accompanied by a public online Database of hundreds of further Profiles (literarydatabase.humanities.manchester.ac.uk). This project was made possible through the support of the Arts and Humanities Research Council.

Narratives and Jewish Bioethics searches for answers to the critical question of what roles ancient narratives play in creating modern norms by Jewish bioethicists utilizing the Jewish textual tradition.

In this study, Aleksander Michalak focuses mainly on the association of angelic beings with warfare in the Jewish literary sources. The author has examined the various depictions of the warrior angels in the literature of the Second Temple period with reference to the roots of such representations, their popularity, and various theological implications. He focuses specifically on Michael, Gabriel, and the numerous anonymous belligerent angelic figures that appear in the biblical and apocryphal texts. Imagery of angelic military activity has been researched within the context of the individual primary sources but taking into account the broader'angelological'background. The literary concepts explored by the author include expectations of angelic participation in an eschatological war along with their role in this conflict, associations of angelic warriors with certain Jewish heroes, angelic protection of the walls of Jerusalem, and angelic military power both as defenders and destroyers.

This volume contains fifteen essays in honor of Professor Joseph Yahalom who served as a lecturer at the Hebrew University from 1974 until he became full professor in 1985. The completion of his Warburg price awarded thesis in 1973 marked the start of a long and successful academic career in both Hebrew and Jewish studies, with much emphasis on poetry and poetics. Yahalom's continuing interest in and research on ancient Piyyut led to a number of editions of Hebrew and Aramaic texts as well as to studies on the early Palestinian vocalization system and the language of Piyyut based on the Genizah findings. In 1983, Yahalom was elected a member of the Academy of the Hebrew Language. In 2003, he received the Yizhak Ben-Zvi award for his lifetime study of Jewish history and Hebrew literature. Yahalom's research on Hebrew medieval liturgical poetry focused on a period of roughly one thousand years, from the days of early Byzantium until the final days of Jewish presence on the Iberian Peninsula and the Sephardic diaspora. His bibliography testifies to his expertise of understanding Hebrew verse, laying much emphasis on the interaction between the Jewish and surrounding cultures, which concur with Yahalom's overall convictions and views about Jewish literature in context.

Durch die Fokussierung auf die Rolle der deutschen Volkssprache und ihre literarischen Zeugnisse erbringt die Untersuchung neben den fachspezifisch-altgermanistischen Ergebnissen zugleich eine Basis für eine grundsätzliche (Neu-)Bewertung des interkulturellen Verhältnisses von Juden und Christen zwischen 1150 und 1500. Fragmente des Transfers jüdischer Motive und Stoffe in die christliche Literatur des deutschen Mittelalters werden aufgezeigt, die sich als wesentlich zahlreicher und vielfältiger herausstellen, als bisher angenommen, und sich keinesfalls auf eine subliterarische Ebene und die Epoche der frühmittelhochdeutschen Literatur beschränken, sondern sowohl in geistlichen und weltlichen Zusammenhängen, in höfischer und (patrizisch-)städtischer Literatur zu finden sind. Unser Bild der mittelalterlichen deutschsprachigen Literatur wird somit um einen bedeutsamen Aspekt vervollständigt. Zudem wird ein weiterer Beitrag dazu geleistet, das Verhältnis von Juden und Christen, von Judentum und Christentum für das deutsche Mittelalter flächendeckend verstehen zu können.

Glory and Agony is the first history of the shifting attitudes toward national sacrifice in Hebrew culture over the last century. Its point of departure is Zionism's obsessive preoccupation with its haunting'primal scene'of sacrifice, the near-sacrifice of Isaac, as evidenced in wide-ranging sources from the domains of literature, art, psychology, philosophy, and politics. By placing these sources in conversation with twentieth-century thinking on human sacrifice, violence, and martyrdom, this study draws a complex picture that provides multiple, sometimes contradictory insights into the genesis and gender of national sacrifice. Extending back over two millennia, this study unearths retellings of biblical and classical narratives of sacrifice, both enacted and aborted, voluntary and violent, male and female—Isaac, Ishmael, Jephthah's daughter, Iphigenia, Jesus. Glory and Agony traces the birth of national sacrifice out of the ruins of religious martyrdom, exposing the sacred underside of Western secularism in Israel as elsewhere.

The volume, composed by excellent scholars from different academic disciplines, is a comprehensive handbook devoted to the complex relationship between modern Judaism and historical thinking in Europe, the United States, and Israel from the Enlightenment to the present. Apart from analyzing the emergence of a new scholarly historical paradigm during this period, the contributions interpret the interaction and the tensions between Jewish historiography and other disciplines such as literature, theology, sociology, and philosophy, describe the way historical consciousness was popularized and used for ideological purposes and explore the impact of different – religious or secular – identities on the historical representation of the Jewish past. A final part envisions new theoretical and methodological concepts within the field, including cultural studies and gender studies.

This illuminating study explores a central but neglected aspect of modern Jewish history: the problem of abandoned Jewish wives, or agunes ('chained wives')—women who under Jewish law could not obtain a divorce—and of the men who deserted them. Looking at seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Germany and then late nineteenth-century eastern Europe and twentieth-century United States, Enforced Marginality explores representations of abandoned wives while tracing the demographic movements of Jews in the West. Bluma Goldstein analyzes a range of texts (in Old Yiddish, German, Yiddish, and English) at the intersection of disciplines (history, literature, sociology, and gender studies) to describe the dynamics of power between men and women within traditional communities and to elucidate the full spectrum of experiences abandoned women faced.

Bislang gibt es trotz der großen Anzahl deutsch-jüdischer Periodika (von 1806 bis 1938) nur wenige Arbeiten, die sich einzelnen Titeln widmen. »Die Freistatt« (1913/14) ist als Zeitdokument besonders interessant, weil sie als einziges deutsch-jüdisches Periodikum eine'alljüdische'Richtung propagiert, die sich sowohl vom liberalen als auch vom zionistischen Judentum in Deutschland abgrenzt. Geprägt ist dieses Konzept vor allem durch Fritz Mordechai Kaufmann (1888--1921). Da über ihn wenig bekannt ist, steht zunächst seine Biographie im Mittelpunkt, bevor der für ihn zentrale Kontext der'Jüdischen Renaissance'skizziert wird. Schwerpunkte liegen in der Analyse des deutsch-jüdischen Bildes vom Ostjudentum sowie der entsprechenden Literaturdiskussionen. Zudem wird die zeitgenössische Sicht jüdischer (National-)Literatur der Literaturauffassung Kaufmanns gegenübergestellt. Die Untersuchung der Programmatik und des Literaturkonzeptes der »Freistatt« steht im Zentrum der Studie. Zudem wird die'Freistatt'-Debatte als Abbild der problematischen innerjüdischen Situation der Zeit beleuchtet. Abschließend wird Kaufmanns'Vermächtnis'dargestellt, denn auch nach dem frühen Ende der »Freistatt« trat deren verantwortlicher Redakteur für die alljüdische Idee ein, bevor er 1921 trotz seines großen politischen wie literarischen Erfolges den Freitod wählte.

Providing a unique anthropological perspective on Jewish mysticism and magic, this book is a study of Jewish rites and rituals and how the analysis of early literature provides the roots for understanding religious practices. It includes analysis on the importance of sacrifice, amulets, and names, and their underlying cultural constructs and the persistence of their symbolic significance.

Israel in Exile is a bold exploration of how the ancient desert of Exodus and Numbers, as archetypal site of human liberation, forms a template for modern political identities, radical skepticism, and questioning of official narratives of the nation that appear in the works of contemporary Israeli authors including David Grossman, Shulamith Hareven, and Amos Oz, as well as diasporic writers such as Edmund Jabès and Simone Zelitch. In contrast to other ethnic and national representations, Jewish writers since antiquity have not constructed a neat antithesis between the desert and the city or nation; rather, the desert becomes a symbol against which the values of the city or nation can be tested, measured, and sometimes found wanting. This book examines how the ethical tension between the clashing Mosaic and Davidic paradigms of the desert still reverberate in secular Jewish literature and produce fascinating literary rewards. Omer-Sherman ultimately argues that the ancient encounter with the desert acquires a renewed urgency in response to the crisis brought about by national identities and territorial conflicts.

Der Gebrauch der Alphabetschrift verbindet die jüdische, christliche und muslimische Kultur des Mittelalters. Zwischen den Religionen dieser Kulturen gab es seit jeher intensive Wechselbeziehungen, u. a. durch Übersetzungen bedeutender (heiliger) Texte. Solche Kulturübertragungen bedeuteten immer auch Konflikte des Übersetzens, indem sie für Religion, Kultus und Rechtsprechung verbindliche Referenztexte einführten und dadurch andere Referenztexte ausschlossen. Als fundierende Zentraltexte verliehen sie der Macht und dem Recht von nun an Heiligkeit und Legitimität. Insofern ist nicht gleichgültig, was in der Kulturgeschichte geschrieben, übersetzt und verbreitet werden durfte, denn jede Verschriftlichung ist interessegeleitet und Ausdruck von Machtansprüchen. Schrift-, Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte lassen sich somit als Geschichte von Verbots- und Erlaubnisprozessen beschreiben. Karl Bertau fragt nach den Gründen und Auswirkungen dieser Prozesse und untersucht die Formen kultureller Ausstrahlung im Kontext der Literatur-, Religions-, Gesellschafts- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte. Dabei spannt sich ein Bogen von der Antike über das Mittelalter bis in die Frühe Neuzeit und schließen sich Orient und Okzident ebenso wie die drei großen Buch-Religionen in ein weit ausgreifendes kulturhistorisches Panorama ein.

Erkki Koskenniemi analyzes the most important early Jewish texts, which attribute miracles to people mentioned in the Old Testament. He investigates the miracles of Moses, Elijah and Elisha, but also, for example, the extra-biblical deeds of men like Abraham, David and Solomon. The author looks at the development of the traditional elements of the miracle stories and the theological intentions of every writer who deals with these stories. The Jewish tradition of miracle-workers is rich and multifaceted. There was no rule that the biblical stories should be retold as they were written. Miracles could thus be connected with different types of historiography or even, in one case, with a tragedy, which was an imitation of Aeschylus'great work. It didn't take long for the growing tradition to develop new shades and colors for the old stories: for example, the struggle with evil powers is involved in the retold stories. Several authors also hoped for the repetition of the saving miracles of the past, especially of the Exodus, God's help in the desert and the great deeds of Elijah. The investigation of this rich tradition helps us to better understand the early Jewish belief as well as the early Christian world.