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The Editors-in-Chief have retracted this article. After publication, concerns were raised regarding image irregularities in the Figures. Specifically, In Figs. 1a and 6a, the p-EGFR lanes 1 and 2 appear highly similar, but the t-EGFR blots are different. In Figs. 2a and 3a, the t-EGFR panels appear highly similar. Fig. 2a and 3a t-EGFR lanes 3 and 4 appear highly similar to Fig. 4a t-EGFR lanes 1 and 2 (flipped horizontally). Fig. 4b p-ERK lanes 1, 2 and 4 appear highly similar to Fig. 6b p-ERK lanes 3, 2 and 4, respectively (flipped horizontally). In Figs. 5b and 7b, the t-EGFR panels appear highly similar. The Editors-in-Chief therefore no longer have confidence in the presented data. Katarina Smiljanic and Esma R. Isenovic do not agree to this retraction. Pierre Marche is deceased. Milan Obradovic, Aleksandra Jovanovic, Jelena Djordjevic, Branislava Dobutovic and Danimir Jevremovic have not responded to any correspondence from the publisher about this retraction.

Vascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are common. Since impaired oxygen balance in plasma plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic DM-associated complications, the administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) has been recommended to influence development of vascular complications. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy involves inhalation of 100% oxygen under elevated pressure from 1.6 to 2.8 absolute atmospheres in hyperbaric chambers. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy increases plasma oxygen solubility, contributing to better oxygen diffusion to distant tissues and preservation of the viability of tissues reversibly damaged by atherosclerosis-induced ischemia, along with microcirculation restoration. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy exerts antiatherogenic, antioxidant, and cardioprotective effects by altering the level and composition of plasma fatty acids and also by promoting signal transduction through membranes, which are impaired by hyperglycemia and hypoxia. In addition, HBOT affects molecules involved in the regulation of nitric oxide synthesis and in that way exerts anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects in patients with DM. In this review, we explore the recent literature related to the effects of HBOT on DM-related vascular complications.

Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the most common health problems worldwide, with a permanent increase in incidence. Growing evidence underlines that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a very important hormone responsible for normal CV system physiology. IGF-1 is an anabolic growth hormone, responsible for cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Despite systemic effects, IGF-1 exerts a wide array of influences in the CV system affecting metabolic homeostasis, vasorelaxation, cardiac contractility and hypertrophy, autophagy, apoptosis, and antioxidative processes. The vasodilatory effect of IGF-1, is achieved through the regulation of the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and, at least partly, through enhancing inducible NOS (iNOS) activity. Also, IGF-1 stimulates vascular relaxation through regulation of sodium/potassium-adenosine-triphosphatase. Numerous animal studies provided evidence of diverse influences of IGF-1 in the CV system such as vasorelaxation, anti-apoptotic and prosurvival effects. Human studies indicate that low serum levels of free or total IGF-1 contribute to an increased risk of CV and cerebrovascular disease. Large human trials aiming at finding clinical efficacy and outcome of IGF-1-related therapy are of great interest. We look forward to the development of new IGF 1 therapies with minor side effects. In this review, we discuss the latest literature data regarding the function of IGF-1 in the CV system in the physiological and pathophysiological conditions. © 2019 Bentham Science Publishers.

Primary hypothyroidism can affect lipid metabolism, cardiovascular (CV) function, and overall patients’ quality of life (QoL). Decrease in serum nitric oxide (NO) levels could promote the atherosclerosis acceleration in hypothyroid patients. Our hypothesis is that serum NO level is altered in hypothyroidism; more specifically, we hypothesize that the early vascular changes that can be observed in hypothyroidism could be due to these alterations and that serum NO levels are associated with lipid levels in female patients diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) or clinical hypothyroidism (CH). Furthermore, since serum NO level is an early marker of atherosclerosis and related CV disorders, which are commonly present and follow hypothyreosis and greatly contribute to overall QoL, we further hypothesized that NO level would correlate with Thyroid Symptom Questionnaire (TSQ) and General Health Questionnaire 12 (GHQ12) scores in hypothyroid patients. A collaterally of our hypothesis was that levothyroxine (LT4) treatment would affect serum NO levels as well as TSQ and GHQ12 scores. Therefore, we have analyzed lipid profile, the level of NO and QoL scores in female patients diagnosed with SCH and CH in order to determine the correlation between NO and generic and thyroid disease symptoms in treatment naïve SCH and CH patients and after LT4 treatment and laboratory euthyroidism achievement. As a consequence of our hypothesis is that measurement of serum NO level in SCH and CH patients may be an innovative way to improve LT4 treatment efficacy. This assumption could have a practical significance for future investigations regarding the management of hypothyroidism treatment protocols in current guidelines. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder with mutations in genes involved in cortisol and aldosterone production. Based on overall 21-OHase activity, CAH is divided into classic (C-CAH) and non-classic (NC-CAH). Females who suffered from NC-CAH have had increased infertility rates and higher miscarriage susceptibility. The treatment of CAH in pregnancy is still debatable. We present 22-years-old pregnant female (seventh week of gestation), who is currently under dexamethasone (DEX) since almost seven years for NC-CAH. At presentation, she is normotensive, non-obese, with no signs of hirsutism and Cushing syndrome. Seven days after the first visit, an endocrinologist makes informative talk with the patient and her mother about NC-CAH, pregnancy, and drugsassociated risks. Current Clinical Practice Guideline for CAH treatment suggests the use of protocols approved by Institutional Review Boards at Centers experienced in CAH treatment. In women with CAH who are planning a pregnancy, a close relationship between endocrinologist, reproductive gynaecologist and molecular biologist is of great interest. Prenatal management with DEX is advised in particular circumstances. In remaining, the switch from DEX to other glucocorticoids that do not penetrate placenta is advised

The implementation of intraoral and extraoral computer-aided-design and computer-aided-manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems in prosthetic dentistry has simplified the procedure, shortened the period of design and manufacture and improved accuracy and aesthetic properties of dental restorations. Three-dimensional (3D) digitisation has become an adequate replacement for conventional dental impressions. The market offers a variety of diverse optical intraoral and extraoral CAD/CAM systems equipped with digitisation devices that are based on different working principles. The main goal of this research is to determine whether precision and accuracy differ among optical digitisation devices. The research includes five high-end devices: Cerec AC, Cerec InEos, Trios, KaVo Everest and Sinergia Scan. The evaluation methodology of the experiment is based on CAD inspection. The results, obtained from accuracy and precision measurements with tolerance levels of 0.01, 0.25 and 0.05 mm, indicate that there is a difference in accuracy and precision between optical digitisation devices based on different working principles.

UVOD: Savremeni modalitet nadoknade izgubljenih zuba podrazumeva ugradnju titanijumskih šrafova - implantata u područja koštanih fundamenata. Na implantat se, u kasnijoj fazi terapije, postavlja komplementarni deo, protetska nadogradnja - abatment. Ovaj deo kompleksa probija mekotkivnu barijeru i obezbeđuje potporu i retenciju za odgovarajuću zubno-protetsku nadoknadu. Cirkonijum dioksid, zahvaljujući svojim dobrim biomehaničkim svojstvima, kao i izvanrednoj biokompatibilnosti, postaje materijal izbora za abatmente. Međutim, bez obzira na činjenicu, da se cirkonijum promoviše kao izuzetno biokompatibilan materijal, adherencija fibroblasta za njegovu površinu još uvek nije dovoljno ispitana. Naime, različiti modaliteti obrade površine mogu imati direktan uticaj na kvalitet procesa mekotkivne integracije dentalnog implantata. CILJ: Cilj istraživanja bio je da se ispita uticaj različito obrađenih površina abatmenta (polirani, glazirani, polirani pa glazirani), izrađenih od itrijum stabilizovanog cirkonijum dioksid polikristala, na kvantifikacijsku zastupljenost adherisanih fibroblasta u sterilnim i nesterilnim uslovima. MATERIJAL I METODE: Eksperimentalni uzorci su bile pločice dimenzija 5x5x1 mm, napravljene od itrijum stabilizovanog cirkonijum dioksid polikristala. Tokom završne obrade, uzorci su podeljeni u 3 eksperimentalne grupe, prema načinu završne obrade (polirani, polirani pa glazirani, glazirani). Polovina od svake grupe eksperimentalnih uzoraka je izložena faktorima usne duplje u trajanju od 24 h, a druga polovina je sterilisana u autoklavu. Prvi deo istraživanja je obuhvatao tomografsku analizu površine uzoraka pomoću mikroskopa atomskih sila (AFM). Drugi deo eksperimenta je predstavljao in vitro ispitivanje adherencije MRC-5 fibroblasta na površinu sterilnih i nesterilnih eksperimentalnih uzoraka. REZULTATI: Najmanju vrednost površinske hrapavosti imaju uzorci obrađeni poliranjem (10.762 nm), zatim polirani pa glazirani uzorci (75.414 nm) i, na kraju, najg

Introduction. Inlay retained adhesive restorations present a conservative approach when a single tooth is missing in the posterior region. Material and methods. Twenty five restorations were included in the clinical study. Patient selection, preparation technique as well as denture fabrication followed current principles in this area. Patients were examined every 6 months over a 2 year examination period. Results were statistically analyzed. Results. The success rate for the first year comes to 91.1%, while cumulative success probability during the second year (24 months) was 86.6%. Furthermore, colour, texture and marginal staining were satisfactory during the observation period. Conclusion. Fibre-reinforced composite adhesive dentures are a tooth preserving, minimally invasive, aesthetic and reliable treatment option for single tooth replacement in the posterior area., Uvod. Inlej retinirani adhezivni mostovi predstavljaju konzervativni modalitet tretmana nedostatka pojedinačnog zuba u bočnoj regiji. Materijal i metod. U kliničku studiju, uključeno je 25 adhezivnih nadoknada. Odabir pacijenata, principi preparacije, kao i tehnika izrade mostova urađeni su prema važećim standardima u ovoj oblasti. Pacijenti su praćeni na svakih 6 meseci tokom dvogodišnjeg perioda. Rezultati su statistički obrađeni. Rezultati. Uspešnost nadoknada u prvoj godini iznosi 91.1%, dok kumulativna uspešnost tokom druge godine (24 meseca) iznosi 86.6%. Takođe, ocena boje, teksture i marginalnog prebojavanja daje zadovoljavajuće rezulate tokom perioda praćenja. Zaključak. Kompozitne nadoknade ojačane vlaknima su minimalno invazivni, estetski i pouzdan način tretmana minimalne krezubosti bočnog segmenta denticije.

UVOD: Adolescenti spadaju u izrazito osetljive populacione grupacije u okviru medicinske i stomatološke zdravstvene zaštite. Od posebnog je znacaja, stoga obracanje pažnje na edukaciju, prevenciju i ranu terapiju oboljenja usne duplje. Gubitak stalnih zuba u ranom periodu života predstavlja problem zbog funkcionalnih ogranicenja koja nastaju, kao i zbog mogucnosti terapije koja treba da nadomesti gubitak zuba. Terapija gubitka stalnih zuba se sprovodi na dva nacina: protetski i kada je moguce ortodontski. Oba modaliteta pomenutih vidova stomatološke zdravstvene zaštite nisu obezbeena u okviru obaveznog zdravstvenog osiguranja, vec se naplacuju iz sopstvenog džepa, bez obzira na godine ispitanika. Ovo znacajno utice na broj ispitanika koji su sanirani jednim od ova dva modaliteta terapije. CILJ: Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se utvrdi stanje dentalnog statusa adolescenata, notira broj ispitanika sa izvaenim stalnim zubima i utvrdi koliko ispitanika ima normativnu potrebu za protetskim zbrinjavanjem. Predmet istraživanja podrazumevao je utvrivanje determinanti od znacaja za oralno zdravlje i potrebu za protetskim zbrinjavanjem. METOD: Istraživanje je sprovedeno u dve srednje škole na teritoriji Beograda i Panceva u periodu maj-jun 2015. godine, a ukupan broj ispitanika je bio 509. Za potrebe ove studije, izabrani su ispitanici prosecnog uzrasta 15 i 16 godina. Podaci su prikupljeni putem intervjua - ankete koju su ispitanici sami popunjavali i klinickog pregleda realizovanog od strane dva kalibrisana istraživaca. Podaci koji su dobijeni na osnovu intervjua podeljeni su u više grupa prema parametrima koji su ispitivani: sociodemografske karakteristike, oralnohigijenske navike, dentalni status i potrebe za protetskim zbrinjavanjem, dijetetske navike, zdravstvene navike, licni doživljaj pojedinca o uspešnosti, stavovi o zdravlju i OIDP upitnik (koji se bavi uticajem stanja u usnoj duplji na svakodnevne aktivnosti i kvalitet života). REZULTATI: Rezultati istraživanja n

Inlay retained adhesive restorations are an interesting alternative to conventional methods when a single tooth is missing. The aim of this paper was to present possibilities for the application of inlay retained adhesive prosthodontic restorations based on composite systems. The clinical procedure is minimally invasive and simple to conduct. The introduction of fiber-reinforced composites as well as the improvement of adhesive cementing techniques makes these restorations a long-term solution with good esthetic and functional results. This case report offers an insight into the clinical procedure during the preparation of inlay retained adhesive restorations., Inlej retinirane adhezivne nadoknade predstavljaju interesantnu alternativu konvencionalnim metodama, u slučaju nedostatka pojedinačnog zuba. Cilj ovog rada je bio da ukaže na mogućnosti primene inlay retiniranih adhezivnih protetskih nadoknada baziranih na kompozitnim sistemima. Klinička procedura je minimalno invazivna, i jednostavna za izvođenje. Uvođenje vlaknima-ojačanih kompozita, kao i poboljšanje adhezivnih tehnika cementiranja čine ove restauracije dugotrajnim rešenjem, sa dobrim estetskim i funkcionalnim rezultatima. Ovaj prikaz slučaja iz prakse daje uvid u kliničke postupke tokom izrade inlej retiniranih adhezivnih nadoknada.

The paper presents a comparative study of the measuring values of the marginal gap related to the ceramic crowns made by dental CAD/CAM system using the replica technique and SEM. The study was conducted using three experimental groups, which consisted of ceramic crowns manufactured by the Cerec CAD/CAM system. The scanning procedure was carried out using three specialized dental 3D digitization systems from the Cerec family - two types of extraoral optical scanning systems and an intraoral optical scanner. Measurements of the marginal gap were carried out using the replica technique and SEM. The comparison of aggregate values of the marginal gap using the replica technique showed a statistically significant difference between the systems. The measured values of marginal gaps of ceramic crowns using the replica technique were significantly lower compared to those measured by SEM. The results indicate that the choice of technique for measuring the accuracy of ceramic crowns influences the final results of investigation.

Objective: According to the ISO, the radiopacity of luting cements should be equal to or greater than that of aluminum. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the radiopacity of 13 commercially available dental luting cements and compare them with human enamel and dentin. Method and Materials: Five classes of luting cements were evaluated: zine phosphate (Cegal N and Harvard Zine Phosphate), zine polycarboxylate (Harvard Polycarboxylate and Hoffmann's Carboxylate), glass ionomers (Ketac Cem Fasymix, Ketac Cem Radiopaque, and Fuji I), resin-modified glass ionomer (Rely X Luting), and resin cements (Multilink Automix, Variolink II, Speed CEM, Rely X Unicem Automix, and three shades of Variolink Veneer). Tooth slices served as controls. Five specimens of each material measuring 8 mm in diameter and 1 mm thick were prepared and radiographed alongside tooth slices and an aluminum stepwedge using a Trophy RVG sensor. The radiopacity values were expressed in mm Al and analyzd by the ANOVA and Tukey tests (P lt .05). Results: All the cements examined except Variolink Veneer had significantly higher radiopacities than that of dentin. Rely X Unicem Automix, glass ionomer, and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements demonstrated radiopacities that were not significantly different with respect to enamel. Zinc phosphate, zinc polycarboxylate, and three of the resin cements presented radiopacity values that were significantly greater than that of enamel. Conclusion: Almost all the investigated materials presented an acceptable radiopacity. Radiopacity of dental cements seems to depend more on the presence of elements with high atomic numbers than on the type of the material. (Quintessence Int 2012; 43: 421-428)

The prognosis of endodontically treated teeth depends not only on the success of the endodontic treatment, but also on the type of reconstruction. The use of fiber-reinforced resin (FRR) posts to restore endodontically treated teeth has gained popularity due to its mechanical and esthetic characteristics as well as properties of modern adhesive systems. The aim of this article was to show a clinical technique to reconstruct endodontically treated teeth with great loss of tooth structure using direct fiber-reinforced post systems and direct composite restorations. The first case was a patient with the fractured right second lower premolar. The tooth was endodontically treated and reconstructed thereafter. After the preparation of the root canal and cementation of a FRR post, particular attention was paid to the incremental and curing techniques adopted to reconstruct coronal part of the tooth. The second case was a patient with the fractured first right lower incisor. This tooth was treated in the same way. Direct composite reconstruction of endodontically treated teeth is an alternative to the prosthodontic therapy and can postpone prosthodontic therapy for a long time., Prognoza endodontski lečenog zuba ne zavisi samo od uspešno izvedene endodontske terapije, već i od pravilne restauracije zuba i njegovog vraćanja u funkciju. Kompozitni kočići ojačani vlaknima poslednjih godina dobijaju na popularnosti u rekonstrukciji endodontski lečenih zuba zahvaljujući svojim estetskim i biomehaničkim osobinama, te mogućnosti ostvarivanja adhezivne veze za zub. Cilj ovog rada je da na primerima iz prakse ukaže na mogućnost konzervativne terapije endodontski lečenih zuba s velikim oštećenjima krunice primenom kompozitnih kanalnih kočića. Kod jedne pacijentkinje s frakturom donjeg desnog drugog premolara obavljeno je najpre endodontsko lečenje, a potom je urađena konzervativna restauracija. Posle preparacije prostora za kanalni kočić i njegovog cementiranja, krunični deo zuba je restauriran direktnim kompozitnim ispunom slojevitom tehnikom. Na isti način je lečen i donji desni centralni sekutić druge pacijentkinje. Restauracija devitalizovanih zuba s opsežnim lezijama konzervativnim lečenjem je dobra alternativa protetičkoj restauraciji, koja protetički tretman može odložiti za duži vremenski period.