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Malnutrition is recognized as one of the main public health problems in hospitals. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has established a global consensus on the criteria for diagnosing malnutrition in adults in hospital settings. This study aimed to evaluate the ability of the GLIM criteria as a tool to identify malnutrition in hospital settings and to compare the prevalence of malnutrition identified by GLIM criteria with that identified by other screening and/or nutrition assessment methods. This was a systematic review. Searches were performed using MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Virtual Health Library, based on established descriptors. The included studies were observational and used screening and/or nutrition assessment tools to compare the prevalence of malnutrition and predictive capacity identified by GLIM criteria in patients aged >18 years in hospital settings. Twelve studies were included in this systematic review. A total of 4066 individuals with different pathologies and clinical conditions participated in the included studies. The prevalence of malnutrition, according to the GLIM criteria, ranged from 16% to 80%. In four studies, the prevalence of malnutrition based on GLIM was higher than that based on the other indicators. Six studies that evaluated the predictive ability of GLIM criteria identified satisfactory sensitivity and specificity. Four studies found low to high agreement between GLIM and the other methods. GLIM criteria can identify malnutrition and find a high prevalence and severity of malnutrition in the hospital setting, proving them to be a sensitive and specific instrument, with good agreement between screening and nutrition assessment methods., (© 2023 American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.)

Context: The type 2 deiodinase and its Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism have been linked to clinical outcomes in acute lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis., Objective: Our objectives were to evaluate were cumulative mortality during admission according to Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism., Methods: Here we conducted an observational, longitudinal, and prospective cohort study to investigate a possible association between the Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism and intrahospital mortality from COVID-19 in adult patients admitted between June and August 2020. Blood biochemistry, thyroid function tests, length of stay, comorbidities, complications, and severity scores were also studied according to Thr92Ala-DIO2 polymorphism., Results: In total, 220 consecutive patients (median age 62; 48-74 years) were stratified into 3 subgroups: Thr/Thr (n = 79), Thr/Ala (n = 119), and Ala/Ala (n = 23). While the overall mortality was 17.3%, the lethality was lower in Ala/Thr patients (12.6%) than in Thr/Thr patients (21.7%) or Ala/Ala patients (23%). The heterozygous genotype (Thr/Ala) was associated with a 47% reduced risk of intrahospital mortality whereas univariate and multivariate logistic regression adjusted for multiple covariates revealed a reduction that ranged from 51% to 66%. The association of the Thr/Ala genotype with better clinical outcomes was confirmed in a metanalysis of 5 studies, including the present one., Conclusion: Here we provide evidence for a protective role played by Thr92Ala-DIO2 heterozygosity in patients with COVID-19. This protective effect follows an inheritance model known as overdominance, in which the phenotype of the heterozygote lies outside the phenotypical range of both homozygous., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Purpose: Verifying the association between clinical-functional vulnerability and vocal and auditory self-perception in seniors presenting a history of leprosy., Methods: Cross-sectional study encompassing 117 elderly people from an old leprosy colony in southeastern Brazil. The research analyzed sociodemographic information and the following protocols: Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20), Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly Screening Version (HHIE-S), Screening for Vocal Change in the Elderly (RAVI) and Vocal Handicap Index 10 (IDV-10). For data analysis, the ordinal logistic regression model of proportional odds was used., Results: 37.6% of the elderly were classified as robust, 35.0% at risk of fragility and 27.4% as frail. Vocal alteration (RAVI), vocal handicap (IDV-10) and restriction to auditory participation (HHIE-S) were observed in 65.8%, 24.8% and 48.7% respectively, in the studied population. In the multivariate analysis, it was found the oldest group (OR = 1.11; CI: 1.05-1.16) and those with vocal handicap (OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.77-9.56) were more likely to be classified as at risk of fragility or already fragile. The simultaneous presence of vocal handicap and restriction of auditory participation (46.9%) was larger among frail elderly people., Conclusion: The increasing age of the elderly and the presence of vocal handicap is associated with greater clinical-functional vulnerability. The high prevalence of both voice and hearing disorders reinforces the need for the speech therapist to be included in public policies, directed towards caring for people with a history of leprosy.