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Objective: The Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommends systematic screening for sepsis. Although many sepsis screening tools include parent or healthcare professional concern, there remains a lack of evidence to support this practice. We aimed to test the diagnostic accuracy of parent and healthcare professional concern in relation to illness severity, to diagnose sepsis in children. Design: This prospective multicenter study measured the level of concern for illness severity as perceived by the parent, treating nurse and doctor using a cross-sectional survey. The primary outcome was sepsis, defined as a pSOFA score >0. The unadjusted area under receiver-operating characteristic curves (AUC) and adjusted Odds Ratios (aOR) were calculated. Setting: Two specialised pediatric Emergency Departments in Queensland. Patients: Children aged 30 days to 18 years old that were evaluated for sepsis. Intervention: None. Main results: 492 children were included in the study, of which 118 (23.9%) had sepsis. Parent concern was not associated with sepsis (AUC 0.53, 95% CI: 0.46-0.61, aOR: 1.18; 0.89-1.58) but was for PICU admission (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.17-3.19) and bacterial infection (aOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.14-1.92). Healthcare professional concern was associated with sepsis in both unadjusted and adjusted models (nurses: AUC 0.57, 95% CI-0.50, 0.63, aOR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.02-1.63; doctors: AUC 0.63, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.70, aOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.14-2.19). Conclusions: While our study does not support the broad use of parent or healthcare professional concern in isolation as a pediatric sepsis screening tool, measures of concern may be valuable as an adjunct in combination with other clinical data to support sepsis recognition.

INTRODUCTION Paediatric sepsis is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Assessing concern from parents and healthcare professionals to determine disease severity in a child evaluated for sepsis remains a field requiring further investigation. This study aims to determine the diagnostic accuracy of parental and healthcare professional concern in the diagnosis of children evaluated for sepsis. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This prospective multicentre observational study will be conducted over a 24-month period in the paediatric emergency department (ED) at two tertiary Australian hospitals. A cross-sectional survey design will be used to assess the level of concern in parents, nurses and doctors for children presenting to ED and undergoing assessment for sepsis. The primary outcome is a diagnosis of sepsis, defined as suspected infection plus organ dysfunction at time of survey completion. Secondary outcomes include suspected or proven infection and development of organ dysfunction, defined as a Paediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score >0, within 48 hours of presentation, paediatric intensive care unit admission, confirmed or probable bacterial infection independent of organ dysfunction, and hospital length of stay. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval was obtained from Children's Health Queensland's Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/17/QRCH/85). Findings will be shared with relevant stakeholders and disseminated via conferences and peer-reviewed journals TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: WHO Universal Trial Number, U1111-1256-4537; ANZCTR number, ACTRN1262000134092.

Emergency department overcrowding is an increasing issue impacting patients, staff and quality of care, resulting in poor patient and system outcomes. In order to facilitate better management of emergency department resources, a patient admission predictive tool was developed and implemented. Evaluation of the tool’s accuracy and efficacy was complemented with a qualitative component that explicated the experiences of users and its impact upon their management strategies, and is the focus of this article. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 pertinent users, including bed managers, after-hours managers, specialty department heads, nurse unit managers and hospital executives. Analysis realised dynamics of accuracy, facilitating communication and enabling group decision-making. Users generally welcomed the enhanced potential to predict and plan following the incorporation of the patient admission predictive tool into their daily and weekly decision-making processes. They offered astute feedback with regard to their responses when faced with issues of capacity and communication. Participants reported an growing confidence in making informed decisions in a cultural context that is continually moving from reactive to proactive. This information will inform further patient admission predictive tool development specifically and implementation processes generally.

Study Objectives - To evaluate the implementation of a Patient Admission Prediction Tool (PAPT) in terms of patient flow outcomes and decision-making strategies. Methods - Setting: The PAPT was implemented in 2 Australian public teaching hospitals during October-December 2010 (hospital A) and October-December 2011 (hospital B). Design: A multisite prospective, comparative (before and after) design was used. Patient flow outcomes measured included access block and hospital occupancy. Daily and weekly data were collected from patient flow reports and routinely collected emergency department information by the site champion and researchers. Results - Daily decision-making strategies ranged from business as usual to use of overcensus beds. Weekly strategies included advanced approval to use of overcensus beds and prebooking nursing staff. These strategies resulted in improved weekend discharges to manage incoming demand for the following week. Following the introduction of the PAPT and workflow guidelines, patient access and hospital occupancy levels could be maintained despite increases in patient presentations (hospital A). Conclusions - The use of a PAPT, embedded in patient flow management processes and championed by a manager, can benefit bed and staff management. Further research that incorporates wider evaluation of the use of the tool at other sites is warranted.

Full Text, Thesis (PhD Doctorate), Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith Health, A grounded theory approach was used in this study to explore the individual needs of parents raising a child diagnosed with disability. The focus was on what parents regarded as their personal and support needs, how they met them and how they would have ideally liked to meet them. Of particular interest were the strategies parents developed and implemented in order to manage and meet their personal and support needs to achieve some sense of normality in their family lives. Parents not only have support needs specific to the challenges of accepting and raising a child with a disability but more wide ranging personal needs that for the most part are neither understood nor recognised by health professionals and service providers. Existing research has primarily examined families of children with disabilities from the perspective of health professionals. There was almost no research to guide health professionals about the involvement of parents in decisions about interventions to secure the child’s future and family viability. Much of the established research has approached issues for parents from the perspective of the child’s health and medical or rehabilitative needs, rather than meeting parents’ needs and the processes of “normalising” family function. Research has failed to consider what parents perceive they need to enable them to cope and how to support the family unit so that a diagnosis of disability does not ultimately destroy the relationships within it.

Jessup, M., Douglas, T., Priddis, L., Branch-Smith, C., Sheilds, L., & Fellow, C. (2016). "Parental Experience of Information and Education Processes Following Diagnosis of Their Infant With Cystic Fibrosis Via Newborn Screening". Journal of pediatric nursing, 31 (3), p. e233-e241. Available here