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Continued widespread urban growth places unprecedented pressure on formerly rural, now urban fringe communities creating new regional planning challenges in cities of the global South. This thesis investigates processes of peri-urbanization in the Jakarta metropolitan region between 1995 – 2015, documenting land use change using a Landsat remote sensing and GIS analysis. The study results found that regional urban land use increased over 20 percent, and vegetation declined by 20 percent during this time. Peri-urban land transformations show distinct spatial and temporal patterns, beginning in the west with large new town developments since the late 1980s, and shifting east, then south, after 2005. By looking specifically at the various sub- regions of the metropolitan area, in addition to changes over time, this study corroborated current literature regarding regional planning and identified specific densification patterns. While peri- urbanization has spread in distance since the early 1990s, land classification maps also indicate extreme densification throughout the region.

OBJECTIVES To determine the factors associated with patients preferring the gender of their treating urologist in various clinical settings. METHODS A total of 400 urology outpatients participated in a structured interview on the nature of their presenting complaint, perception of their complaint and the preference for the gender of their urologist in four specific scenarios of consultation, physical examination, office-based procedure and surgery. Patients who expressed a gender preference received follow-up telephone calls. RESULTS A gender preference was expressed by 63 (15.8%), 108 (27.0%), 89 (22.3%) and 29 (7.3%) patients for the scenarios of consultation, physical examination, office-based procedure and surgery, respectively. Patients were more likely to have a preference if they were female or had a condition they considered embarrassing, with most preferences being for a gender-concordant urologist. Reasons included a previous negative experience and perceived gender-specific treatment styles. Patients who subsequently saw a doctor of the opposite gender to their preference were more likely to change their mind if their clinical interaction was positive. CONCLUSIONS Female patients, those with a perceived embarrassing condition and patients undergoing examination or office-based procedures are more likely to have a gender preference for their urologist, with a subsequent positive experience leading to patients discarding pre-existing preferences. With improved understanding of how patient characteristics, perception of their condition and previous experiences can affect their choices in various clinical situations, urologists can better meet patient expectations and address barriers to healthcare in urology.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Worldwide, only 10-15% of urologists are female. This workforce discrepancy may have an effect on patient choices and outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigat...

Background: Incarcerated populations are at particular risk for developing specific health conditions. Prior studies of prisons in developing countries have focused on the threat of communicable diseases, though anecdotal evidence suggests that chronic conditions are of particular concern. This study constitutes the first published investigation of health complaints offered by residents of a prison in the South American nation of Guyana. Method: In 2010, a medical team sent by the Toronto non-governmental organization Ve’ahavta visited the Mazaruni prison in the interior of Guyana. Data on patient encounters was collected as part of the triage activity. Results: Care was given to 108 patients, staff and family members. Contrary to literature expectations, 50% of complaints concerned musculoskeletal issues, while only 11% were genitor-reproductive. Upon examination, 30.6% of patients were experiencing musculoskeletal problems, most commonly back pain. Conclusion: Future medical interventions to this and comparable low- and middle-income country prisons should more vigorously consider physiotherapeutic interventions, in addition to the expected addressing of infectious diseases.