Search

According to the literature, mental health assumed urgent relevance, and several scholars are debating on the enduring of the neurological and psychiatric symptoms in post COVID patients. Our study aimed to investigate the emotional dimensions in young population to the COVID exposition: primary endpoint was to detect the psychological distress up to 3 months in post-COVID-19. A comparative study was conducted among young adults in Italy. We also assessed dysphoria, depression, anxiety, stress symptoms, pessimism, and positive personality traits. The participants were 140 Italian young aged 18–30 years (mean = 22.1, SD ± 2.65; 65.0% female). The sample was distinguished in two groups: COVID and NO-COVID groups. The results revealed that young who have been exposed to COVID-19 infection evidenced emotional vulnerability by higher psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress), dysphoria signs (irritability, discontent, interpersonal resentment, and feelings of renunciation/surrender) then No COVID-19 infection young. Furthermore, COVID patients showed higher negative emotions about the expected life, uncertain for future, and loss of motivation (characterized no desires) than NO-COVID infection. In conclusion, the vulnerability of young exposed to COVID infection even in mild severity should be considered as emerging unmet need of mental health recovering: urgent health policy actions to boost the psychological, biological and social strategic pillar for young generation.

Background Cardiovascular disease is a chronic non-communicable illness that causes more than half of all deaths across Europe. Unhealthy lifestyle, inadequate adherence to medical prescriptions, themselves associated with psycho-emotional disorders are considered risk factors for reduced quality of life as well physical condition. Objective Aim of our study was to understand predictive factors for disease management by evaluating psychological aspects, self-care processes and emotional regilati0on in CVD outpatients. Methods An observational study was conducted. Sixty-one patients, age 18–75 years (M 56.4 ± sd 12.0), diagnosed with CVD participated in the study. The psychological battery was administered during clinical follow-up oriented to detect emotional and psychological dimensions as well adaptive behavioral and quality of life by standardized questionnaire/scales. Results Finding showed that emotional dysregulation might influence QoL, particularly significant effect of awareness (β= 0.022; SE = 1.826; p p p R2 = 0.187) of the variance; goals index 62.8% (R2 = 0.628) of the variance and, then significant mediated effect of clarity was 58.8% (R2 = 0.588) of the variance. This evidence suggests that the relationship between triggers and QoL is mediated by emotional dysregulation indexes. Conclusion In clinical practice psychological screening can be an effective tool for detecting predictive factors in the management of the CVD patient's health and adherence to medical treatment: the screening of predictive psychological factors for allowing a good clinical condition management and a self-care empowerment aimed at increasing psychological well-being and the Quality of Life by planning adequate integrated and multidisciplinary support.

The diagnosis of melanoma and breast cancer may impact many aspects of life with significant reductions in emotional functioning and quality of life. The aim of the study was to analyze the emotional traits of female patients with oncological in early-stage diagnosis, investigating predictors for psychological distress and analyzing body image perception. An observational study was conducted, A sample of 84 female cancer patients (age range 30–55 years) with melanoma (n = 42) and breast cancer diagnosis (n = 42). The examined emotional variables were psychological distress; depression, stress, and anxiety; metacognitions; and body self-perception. Findings showed higher psychological distress in breast cancer than in melanoma patients (p = 0.00), which was related to lower positive self-perception of body image (p = 0.03). Furthermore, psychological distress was negatively correlated with consequences of clinical treatment on body image, and low well-being affected the social interaction and well-being with own body. There was no significant difference between cancer staging and timing from diagnosis. Prevention and therapeutic psychological protocols might be adapted and tailored to the unmet needs of the patients in medical treatments to promote and enhance the Quality of Life in survivorship.

BackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate the posttraumatic stress disorder risk in nurses, detecting the relation-ship between distress experience and personality dimensions in the Italian acute COVID-19 outbreak. The study is an observational study conducted in March 2020.Participants and procedureMental screening was carried out in the Laboratory of Clinical Psychology on N = 36 nurses in the age range 22-64 years (M = 37.30, SD = 12.60). 76.3% were working in nursing care with confirmed COVID-19 patients; 47.4% of nurses worked in a high COVID-19 rate environment, whereas 52.6% worked in a low COVID-19 rate environment.ResultsThe results confirm relation between anxiety and peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress; also anx-iety is positively correlated with the agreeableness variable. Our finding was obtained in an acute Italian COVID-19 outbreak and measured and quantified the psychological response of nurses in terms of anxiety as an early reaction for emotional distress and high risk for posttraumatic stress disorders; the personality dimen-sions did not mediate the emotional distress or the probable risk for posttraumatic stress disorder. Nurses ap-peared to be exposed to mental distress and needed help.ConclusionsThe results evidenced the need to carry out a mental health program for health workers (especially nursing professionals).

"Background: Chronic Diseases (CD) such as diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological disorders, and cancers increase with age and place a burden on individuals and healthcare systems, and more they are associated with a lower Quality of Life (QoL) in the elderly. CD conditions suggested improvements of self-care investigations switching research perspectives from medication or dietary adherence, biological exams, or symptoms management to maintaining health through treatment adherence and health-promoting practices. Objective: Aim of the present study was to evaluate the health management of chronic disease, analyzing the effectiveness of self-care and the emotional dimensions (anxiety, stress, depression). Materials and Methods: We conducted an observational study on 132 outpatient patients aged 18 to 75 years (mean age 52.6 years, SD ± 12.4) diagnosed with CD; 57,5% of the sample were females. The participants were enrolled at the Clinical Medicine Division of S. Salvatore Hospital in L’Aquila, ASL1 Abruzzo (IT). The psychological battery was composed of three standardized self-assessment measured emotional traits (DASS-21), QoL (WHOQOL-26), and Self-Care (SC-CII). Participants were divided into 2 groups based on CD as follows: a) cardiovascular disease (ex. cardiological disease) (CVD) group was composed of 68 patients (51.5%), b) other disease group (ex. disorders of the locomotor, gastrointestinal, and urogenital systems) (OD) was composed of 64 patients (48.5%). Results: Descriptive analyses based on sociodemographic and clinical characteristics showed no difference among all the variables (gender, education, marital status, occupation, and timing diagnosis). One-way ANOVA was performed comparing the emotional dimensions for both CVD/OD groups. Statistical analysis showed significant difference in the OD group which showed greater signs of anxiety (p=0.029), depression (p=0.007), and stress (p=0.013), than the CVD group. Then, we performed Pearson’s correlation to compare the QoL with the ability to self-care index. The results highlighted a significant correlation between self-care maintenance, self-efficacy, and QoL. Discussion and Conclusion: Our results show that, among CDs, patients with gastrointestinal, locomotor, and urogenital diseases appear to suffer more than patients with cardiovascular disease. The QoL is compromised in the maintenance of physical and mental health, in social relationships and, in self-efficacy index; the study highlights those actions could be planned for a person-centered approach with the aim of planning a better health outcome in CDs to progressively involve patients in overall self-care."

"Background. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a chronic non-communicable illness that causes more than half of all deaths across Europe. 80% of premature heart disease and stroke is preventable by effective measures availability for people at high risk. However, many such interventions are not being implemented and managed by patients. Managing such illness requires mastering self-care. Objective. Aim of our study was to identify predictive factors of illness management by evaluating emotional characteristics, emotion regulation, and self-care process in young CVD outpatients. Methods. An observational study was conducted. 61 patients, age 18–75 years (M 56.4 ± sd 12.0), diagnosed with CVD participated in the study. The psychological battery was administered during clinical follow-up: Self Care of Chronic Illness Inventory, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, World Health Organization Quality of Life – Bref, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Results. The sample showed mild Anxiety and Stress degree, low Self-care, Social relationship, and emotional Clarity. First, participants were distributed into two groups by median age: Young (Y) and Old (O). Statistical analysis showed significant lower Psychological health (p = 0.03) and higher Non acceptance of emotional responses (p = 0.02) in O group. Then, participants were distributed in two groups by timing from CVD diagnosis: Early Disease (ED) and Long Disease (LD). One Way ANOVA showed lower emotional Awareness (p=0.03) in LD group. Controlling for diagnosis timing, negative Pearson’s correlations emerged between difficulties in emotion regulation domains and self-care monitoring, self-efficacy and QoL. Conclusions. Poor adherence to CVD pharmacological therapy could be addressed by identifying the emotional characteristics, subjective emotion ability, and self-care process of patients who are or may be at risk of non-persistence. The psychological screening and tailored psychological support on these predictive factors may result in clinical benefits."

Breast cancer (BC) diagnosis and treatment have become a cumulative long-standing chronic disease impairment, causing stress and turning into an allostatic load (AL) framework. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between physical issues and mental health in patients with BC after medical treatment. We conducted an observational study of 61 female patients with BC, and clinical and psychological markers have been detected. We conducted descriptive statistics, ANOVA analyses, correlations, and mediation analyses to verify the effect of the comorbidity index on psychological dimensions. The findings showed high levels of distress and moderate pain, and 32.8% of the patients showed moderate physical impairment. Significant effects of “age” and “physical issues” were found. The adult group reported a higher incidence of physical issues, and the group of patients reporting moderate physical impairment seemed more depressed than patients with mild physical issues. Finally, the comorbidity condition mediated the presence of signs of depression. Patients with BC seemed to experience negative emotions related to comorbidities associated with compromised activities of daily living. Our findings highlighted allostatic overload as a predictive framework to better understand the mental health of women with BC diagnoses to tailor effective psychological treatments for enhanced recovery.

Malnutrition linked to poor quality diets affects at least 2 billion people. Forests, as well as agricultural systems linked to trees, are key sources of dietary diversity in rural settings. In the present article, we develop conceptual links between diet diversity and forested landscape mosaics within the rural tropics. First, we summarize the state of knowledge regarding diets obtained from forests, trees, and agroforests. We then hypothesize how disturbed secondary forests, edge habitats, forest access, and landscape diversity can function in bolstering dietary diversity. Taken together, these ideas help us build a framework illuminating four pathways (direct, agroecological, energy, and market pathways) connecting forested landscapes to diet diversity. Finally, we offer recommendations to fill remaining knowledge gaps related to diet and forest cover monitoring. We argue that better evaluation of the role of land cover complexity will help avoid overly simplistic views of food security and, instead, uncover nutritional synergies with forest conservation and restoration.

The incidence of chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) increases with age, thus placing a burden on individuals and healthcare systems; furthermore, CNCDs are associated with lower quality of life (QoL) in the elderly. This study aimed to evaluate the behavioural management of CNCDs by comparing different diseases under its ambit exhibiting various side effects, as well as vascular, gastrointestinal, and other chronic diseases, simultaneously analysing self-care efficacy and emotional dimensions (i.e. anxiety, stress, and depression). A total of 122 outpatients aged18 years (mean age, 50.0 years; standard deviation, ±13.8) participated in the study, and 59% of the participants were women. The psychological battery was composed of three standardised self-assessments measuring the relevant emotional dimensions, QoL, and self-care indices. Analysis of the emotional dimensions of depression, anxiety, and stress indices resulted in significant differences. Furthermore, post-hoc analyses (Tukey test) showed that patients with gastrointestinal disease (GD) experienced depression more than patients with vascular disease (VD) (p = 0.002). In addition, there were no differences between the VD and Oth and between the GD and Oth groups; however, the Oth group appeared to experience more anxiety than the VD group (p = 0.04); there were no differences between the GD and VD groups, as well the Oth group. The ANCOVA test compared the chronic disease groups, the disease stage (early and long-term), self-care indices, and sex. They were covariated by age, showing a significant effect on the management index only in chronic disease groups (p = 0.007). Our study suggests that the following specific factors need to be considered in health decision-making processes to enhance the compliance of patients to the clinically expected results: (1) tailored clinical therapies; (2) side effects of disease; (3) comorbidity; (4) mental health. The harmonisation of these internal and external factors could offer a powered perspective for personalized medicine.

Background. The diagnosis of melanoma and breast cancer may impact many aspects of life with significant reductions in emotional functioning and quality of life. Aims. Aim of the study was to analyze the emotional traits of female patients with oncological diagnosis (early stage melanoma/breast cancer) investigating prevalence and predictors for psychological stress. Methods. A sample of 84 female patients (age range 30-50 years) with diagnosis of melanoma/breast cancer stage T0-T2 participated in the study. The examined emotional variables were: psychological distress, depression, stress, anxiety, metacognitions and body self-perception. Results. Findings showed higher psychological distress in breast cancer than melanoma patients and, that was related to lower positive self-perception of body image. No significant difference between cancer staging. Conclusions. Prevention and intervention protocols must be adapted taking into account tumor type in the adoption of preventive behaviors and compliance with medical recommendations during survivorship.

The pandemic affected the quality of life and wellness of the population, changing living habits through restriction measures. This study aimed to analyze the psychological impact of the fear of the COVID-19 pandemic and the adoption of e-learning for university students. The study was articulated in two research applications: the first application was a rapid review on the psychological effects of the pandemic on the emotional dimension of undergraduate students, the second application was an observational study on the effect of e-learning adoption in the pandemic emergency. In the first step, we performed a systematic search of MEDLINE through PubMed and the Web of Science [Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI), Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI)] of all scientific literature published from May 2020 to February 2021. The reviewed articles suggest the impact of the pandemic and lockdown measures on university students due to several mental symptoms, including anxiety, stress, depression, event-specific distress, and a decrease in psychological well-being. Psychological symptoms were related to the experience of several stressors, such as the risk for a reduction of academic perspectives, massive e-learning adoption, economic issues, social restrictions, and implications for daily life related to the COVID-19 outbreak. The second scientific application was conducted to evaluate the affinity for e-learning on a sample composed of Italian undergraduates exposed to massive e-learning adoption. The results evidence the positive influence of e-learning in academic programs for the wellbeing of undergraduates. The mediator effect of the affinity of youth for e-learning can be considered to have had a buffering effect for professional advancement and for the mental health of university students in a public health emergency.

"Introduction. The rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has created unprecedent global challenges for health systems. National Healthcare Systems Hospitals adopted protective measures and medical equipment resources, exposing healthcare workers at risk for stress syndromes, subclinical mental health symptoms, and long-term occupational burnout. Health workers have had to deal with the most severe clinical cases in intensive care specialized operative division. Since the first months of the epidemic spread, some studies have established shown that nurses have shown symptoms of severe anxiety associated with peritraumatic dissociative experiences. Most of the studies examined the emotional impact of COVID 19 on health professionals but did not focus on different consider professionals roles and hospital departments workload. Objective. The aim of our study was to analyze the emotional characteristics of health workers during the II wave of coronavirus (November-December 2020), comparing the frontline (COVID 19) and second line (chronic diseases) hospital divisions and analyzing the differences between the health roles. Methods. We conduct a pilot study among health-workers. A sample of 28 healthcare workers (aged 23-62 years) were recruited from frontline and secondline hospital departments (L’Aquila, IT). The administered psychological battery was composed of n. 4 self-reports evaluating emotional variables (depression, anxiety, and stress) (DASS-21), personality traits (BFI-10), burnout risk (MBI), and perceived stress (PSS). Results. The results highlighted significant differences: older health workers were found to be more vulnerable than those who younger health workers; another interesting point was that healthcare workers serving in frontline wards showed symptoms of depersonalization. No significant difference for the type of role held. Conclusions. A prevention program should be activated to preserve frontline and older workers mental health. Earlier support could mitigate the effect of the pandemic experience, reducing the risk for emotional health workers' fragility."

"Background. The undergraduate community is composed of Generation Z members who constitute a social generation of digital natives who are technologically skilled. Their widespread exposure to technology accounts for their comfort with and strong knowledge of digital media. The government adoption of e-learning in academic education during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic may be beneficial to such digitally skilled individuals. Some studies have underscored the e-learning adoption adverse psychological impact on the mental health of the younger generation. In fact, the findings underscore an increase in psychological distress, excessive fear of infection, pervasive anxiety, frustration and boredom, a high level of stress, and post-traumatic stress symptoms. We aimed to detect the protective factor for academic community during social restriction for pandemic in 2nd Italian lockdown analysing the adaptive behaviour of undergraduate in 3 field panels of academic education (life sciences, physical and engineer sciences, human and social sciences). We aimed to determine the psychological impact of prolonged e-learning on emotional regulation among undergraduate students. A secondary objective was to identify key components for preventive interventions targeted toward the academic community by investigating the buffering effect of e-learning in academic education on exposure to the pandemic. Methods. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted on 570 university students (aged 18–26 years) pursing degrees in life sciences, physical and engineering sciences, and social sciences in Italy. They were recruited using snowball sampling. We administered emotional (PDEQ, CSSQ, CAS), personality traits (BFI-10) and affinity for e-learning (AEQ) measures. Results. Our findings suggest that a majority of the university students developed peritraumatic dissociative experience and stress, but not dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety during the 2nd COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Nevertheless, the present findings also highlight the fragility of younger Gen Z undergraduate students who are beginning their academic journey amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, coronavirus distress significantly predicted mental health through the mediating effect of personality traits and e-learning affinity. Conclusions. Therefore, health care professionals are encouraged to implement psychological support interventions that strengthen one’s ability to manage stressful situations and reinforce their status as a digital native. Consequently, they may realize the power of their personal strengths, which in turn may mitigate their stress and peritraumatic dissociative experience when they deal with challenges, enhance their competence, and enable them to adopt effective coping strategies."

Objective. Melanoma patients remain at risk of disease progression for many years after diagnosis. Psychological distress, depression and anxiety are emotional conditions that negatively influence both the patients’ quality of life and the clinical course of the disease, laying down for a slow recovery as well as for an increase in comorbidity. Aim of the study was to analyze the psychological needs of young and adult patients diagnosed with early stage melanoma by gender sensitivity. Methods. A sample of 92 patients (age range 18-55 years) with diagnosis of melanoma stage T0-T1a-T1b participated in the study. The examined emotional variables were: psychological distress, depression, stress, anxiety, metacognitions and body self-perception. Results. The results highlighted significant gender differences: females appeared psychologically more vulnerable than males; another interesting point was no aging depending. Female emotional pattern showed higher anxiety, and psychological distress associated to lower positive self-perception of body image. No significant difference among cancer staging, as well as no interaction effect and neither significant covariance by age.Conclusion. Prevention and intervention protocols must be adapted taking into account gender differences in the adoption of preventive behaviors and compliance with medical recommendations

This study aimed to assess the impact of Internet use on the well-being and health behaviours of Generation Z members by evaluating the associations between the Internet habits (i.e. intensive Internet use and cybersex use), aspects of psychological well-being, and negative emotions of Italian Generation Z members. Study participants comprised 113 Italian youth who were divided into two groups: a cybersex user group (n = 48) and an intensive Internet user group (n = 65). The psychological battery applied was composed of the EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Well-Being and Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale test. This initial investigation suggests that there are no significant differences in positive psychological patterns between intensive Internet users and cybersex users. However, this study demonstrated gender differences in their levels of engagement. Overall, women appeared to be more focused on life activities, and men were more active and performance oriented. Despite this, intensive Internet use and cybersex use were not found to be related to emotional fragility. Our findings suggest that cybersex use and intensive Internet use may not necessarily be related to mental health risks; on the contrary, these might even be related to positive psychological patterns.

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the digital confidence of elder adults and identify behavioral patterns for technology that are related to cognitive abilities among elders. Method An observational study was conducted using a sample of 94 elders, aged 53 to 86 years. Neuropsychological and emotional measures were used, and technology use was assessed. Results Finding showed elders by resilient neuropsychological aspects can have a good affinity for technology. We examined the role of not only cognitive reserve levels but also demographic characteristics (i.e., age, educational level) and found that elderly were more adherent to digital resources. Technology can be a beneficial resource to those with medium levels of cognitive reserve and make them feel “like they are leading an active lifestyle.” Conclusions The focal point of our findings is the relevance of cognitive reserve during older adulthood as a key factor that should be examined in investigations on successful aging; it would be more interesting to examine these factors within the context of analyses on the impact of technology on aging and digital living.

Background and aims: The increase in innovative and personalized medicine solutions in kidney surgery can improve patients’ chances of survival; however, during the transplantation process, patients are exposed to many psychological challenges. This study aimed to evaluate the role and impact of personality dimensions on the behaviour of waiting-list patients towards the post-surgery adaptation process. Method: The participants were 113 out-patients aged 18–70 years (mean age 54.7 years, SD ± 9.9) who had received a kidney transplant at least 3 years prior to the study. Results: The results of the study revealed that personality dimensions can predict mental health-related quality of life after kidney transplantation; in particular, the dimensions play an important role in patients’ behavioural ability to manage their quality of life both during end-stage renal disease and after kidney transplantation. Psychological distress and anxiety were associated with a low level of the conscientiousness dimension, while a high level of the openness dimension was associated with a high level of psychological distress and stress. In addition, body self-perception was associated with personality dimensions. Conclusion: Personality dimensions were found to predict behavioural reactions when emotional traits and body self-perception for each patient were combined; clinical psychologists could apply personalized intervention by modeling the treatments step by step and mitigating the negative effects of the whole kidney transplantation disease, thus helping the individual to adapt to a new life.

Aim of the study was to measure the belief and metacognition strategies trend in the survivorship of fertile women with breast cancer. We wanted to observe the metacognitive performance of young women went out primary treatment getting survivors; we wanted to assess the impact of metacognitive strategies in coping with survivorship in cancer patients who have been diagnosed at an early age.Seventy two women in age range 30-55 year olds (mean 48; sd= ±6) with breast cancer diagnosis participated in the study. Depression and anxiety, psychological distress and metacognitions thinking have been measured.Results evidenced age as vulnerable variable in emotions dealing with oncological post-treatment living (higher anxiety in young patients), but with some features: in our study, patients appeared resilient to the psychological distress and depression.Our finding showed that early diagnosis in early age and early stage of disease might be related to emotional trend starting from fragility in early post-treatment and then in survivorship it tends to get positively by resilient dynamics.

Background: Chronic renal failure is a chronic medical condition characterized by a progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. Up to 50% of patients undergoing dialysis experience symptoms of depression and anxiety: what is the impact of individual factors and medical conditions on the mental health issue? The present study was carried out to investigate the individual factors (biomarkers and psychological dimensions) of end-stage renal disease patients dealing with dialysis, analyzing their predictor values for developing negative disease adaptations by an allostatic paradigm. Methods: We conducted an observational study on 35 patients affected by end-stage renal disease; biological and psychological markers have been detected. We conducted descriptive statistical analyses (t-tests) and performed a hierarchical regression analysis to investigate the relationship between pathological medical conditions and psychological dimensions. Results: The findings showed a positive correlation between creatinine levels and psychological distress as well as stress index. No significant effect of “time of dialysis”, “time from diagnosis”, “age” and “personality traits” was found. Conclusion: Our findings showed that personality traits did not represent a protective factor by moderating positive emotional adaptations; conversely, creatinine levels appeared predictive for negative emotional adaptations. High levels of creatinine were found to be positively associated with high stress levels as well psychological distress. According to the allostatic paradigm, end-stage renal disease patients could experience an allostatic load and more overload towards poor health outcomes; integrated biological and psychological measurements could prevent increased negative mental health through a patient-centered approach.

Background: Mammoplasty is the most common surgery used for breast augmentation (aesthetic plastic) and breast reconstruction (disease-related plastic) in women who have been diagnosed with and surgically treated for regional breast cancer with modified radical mastectomy. This study aims to examine the long-term effects of mammoplasty on the psychological well-being of women.Methods: Participants were 44 women aged 30–50 years (mean = 40.4 ± 5.9). They were divided into two groups based on the purpose of the breast surgery they underwent [augmentation surgery (AS) vs. reconstruction surgery (RS)] and the time that had elapsed since their surgery (≤3 vs. >3 years).Results: Our findings suggest that women who underwent AS reported a decline in their psychological well-being over time. The women who had undergone AS ≤3 and >3 years did not show any differences in emotional functioning, with the exception of the BREAST-Q scores on the satisfaction with breasts subscale. We examined the impact of mammoplasty on the satisfaction levels and well-being of women who had undergone RS (after MRM). They were less satisfied with their breasts than those who belonged to the AS group, confirming our hypothesis. However, this was true only among those who had undergone surgery ≤3 years earlier.Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings underscore the need to provide psychological support to those who have undergone breast AS and RS. Additionally, this study implies the need for personalized psychological interventions to improve the emotional adaptation process and enhance women's mental well-being.

Background. Mammoplasty is the most common surgery that is used for both breast augmentation in healthy women (aesthetic plastic) and breast reconstruction (disease-related plastic) in women who have been diagnosed with and surgically treated for regional breast cancer with radical mastectomy (MRM). When compared to breast reconstruction surgery, aesthetic breast surgery is perceived to result in more favourable aesthetic outcomes.. This study aimed to examine the long-term effects of mammoplasty on the psychological adaptation of women.Methods. A total of 44 30–50-year-old women participated in this study. They were divided into two groups based on the type of breast surgery that they had undergone (augmentation surgery [AS] vs. reconstruction surgery [RS]) and the time that had elapsed since their surgery (≤ 3 years vs. > 3 years). Results. Our findings suggest that the psychological well-being of women who undergo AS declines over time. The women who had undergone AS ≤ 3 and > 3 years earlier did not differ in any of the indicators of emotional functioning. The only exception was their level of satisfaction with their breasts.We examined the impact of mammoplasty on the satisfaction levels and well-being of women who had undergone RS (after MRM). As expected, they were less satisfied with their breasts than those who belonged to the AS group However, this was true only among those who had undergone their surgery ≤ 3 years earlier.Conclusions. In conclusion, our findings underscore the need to provide psychological support to those who have undergone AS and RS. To shorten the adaptation process and enhance their mental well-being, personalised psychological interventions should be provided.

Background. Mammoplasty is the most common surgery that is used for both breast augmentation in healthy women (aesthetic plastic) and breast reconstruction (disease-related plastic) in women who have been diagnosed with and surgically treated for regional breast cancer with radical mastectomy (MRM). When compared to breast reconstruction surgery, aesthetic breast surgery is perceived to result in more favourable aesthetic outcomes.. This study aimed to examine the long-term effects of mammoplasty on the psychological adaptation of women.Methods. A total of 44 30–50-year-old women participated in this study. They were divided into two groups based on the type of breast surgery that they had undergone (augmentation surgery [AS] vs. reconstruction surgery [RS]) and the time that had elapsed since their surgery (≤ 3 years vs. > 3 years). Results. Our findings suggest that the psychological well-being of women who undergo AS declines over time. The women who had undergone AS ≤ 3 and > 3 years earlier did not differ in any of the indicators of emotional functioning. The only exception was their level of satisfaction with their breasts. We examined the impact of mammoplasty on the satisfaction levels and well-being of women who had undergone RS (after MRM). As expected, they were less satisfied with their breasts than those who belonged to the AS group However, this was true only among those who had undergone their surgery ≤ 3 years earlier.Conclusions. In conclusion, our findings underscore the need to provide psychological support to those who have undergone AS and RS. To shorten the adaptation process and enhance their mental well-being, personalised psychological interventions should be provided.

Longer survivorship is possible due to advances enabling early detection and treatment. However, cancer survivors are faced with prognostic uncertainty regarding survival, long-term symptoms, surveillance, and consequences of treatment. This study aimed at investigating emotional traits of women after breast cancer (BC) diagnosis from a three-year perspective of the disease. We intended to examine the emotional trend within longer survivorship after the primary treatment for BC. A sample of 72 women diagnosed with breast cancer (age range 30&ndash, 55 years) was evaluated based on metacognition (Metacognitive Questionnaire&mdash, 30 test), psychological distress (Psychological Distress Inventory test), anxiety, stress, and depression (Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale&mdash, 21 test). The data analysis applied was descriptive analysis, ANOVA, MANOVA, and ANCOVA comparing MCQ-30 variables and psychological traits (PDI, DASS-21). The results indicated positive recovery after primary care despite emotional fragility in survivorship owing to negative thoughts, correlations among metacognitive factors, anxiety, and distress not only confirmed the negative emotional pattern just after primary care, but also showed women regaining a positive emotional pattern in daily life. The survivors exhibited emotional fragility during certain specific points of time during the course of their survivorship. Based on our findings, the fear of recurrence and cancer-specific psychological treatment is a better framework to boost and improve clinical practice.