46 results on '"Jessica J. Talbot"'
Search Results
2. Disseminated invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus felis in a cat
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Catherine A. Cormack, Shannon L. Donahoe, Jessica J. Talbot, Julia A. Beatty, and Vanessa R. Barrs
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aspergillus ,caspofungin ,feline ,microbiology ,mycology‐general ,posaconazole ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract A 2‐year‐old male desexed Ragdoll cat with a 1‐year history of sneezing and nasal discharge presented with a large subcutaneous cervical mass, identified as the right medial retropharyngeal lymph node on computed tomography (CT). A right orbital mass, destructive sino‐nasal cavity disease and multiple pulmonary nodules were also identified. Aspergillus felis was cultured from the lymph node. After treatment with posaconazole and liposomal amphotericin B the lymph node enlargement and orbital mass resolved but left frontal sinus involvement and pulmonary lesions persisted despite additional caspofungin therapy. The cat was euthanized 14 months after diagnosis with dysphagia and chronic progressive exophthalmos. A meningeal granuloma with intravascular fungal hyphae was identified at post‐mortem and A felis was cultured from the left frontal sinus and a right retrobulbar fungal granuloma. This case demonstrates that disseminated disease is a possible sequel to invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by A felis in cats.
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- 2021
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- View/download PDF
3. Canine rhinitis caused by an uncommonly-diagnosed fungus, Scedosporium apiospermum
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Christopher G. Smith, Lucy Woolford, Jessica J. Talbot, Ken C. Lee, and Paul Crocker
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
A Golden Retriever cross was presented with a four week history of violent sneezing and licking at the nasal planum. Nasal mycosis was diagnosed and Aspergillus sp. presumed the causative agent, until culture, PCR and DNA sequencing showed that Scedosporium apiospermum, an uncommonly diagnosed, yet emerging, fungal pathogen, was the agent responsible. Debridement of the fungal plaques and systemic itraconazole therapy resulted in complete resolution of clinical disease. We discuss the current literature on S. apiospermum, review its clinical significance and question the validity of its ‘complex’ taxonomy. Keywords: Scedosporium, Scedosporiosis, Rhinitis, Complex, Systemic therapy, Taxonomy
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Long term survival of a dog with disseminated Aspergillus deflectus infection without definitive treatment
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Peter F. Bennett, Jessica J. Talbot, Patricia Martin, Sarah E. Kidd, Mariano Makara, and Vanessa R. Barrs
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Canine disseminated fungal infection by Aspergillus species carries a guarded to grave prognosis as they often rapidly progress and are refractory to treatment with many euthanased soon after diagnosis. This case report describes a 2.5 year old female spayed German Shepherd Dog diagnosed with disseminated Aspergillus deflectus infection for which definitive treatment was declined by the owners. With only palliative management the dog survived three years and two months before succumbing to chronic kidney disease. Keywords: Aspergillus deflectus, Disseminated aspergillosis, Palliative care, Survival
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- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Gastrointestinal granuloma due to Candida albicans in an immunocompetent cat
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Anne-Claire Duchaussoy, Annie Rose, Jessica J. Talbot, and Vanessa R. Barrs
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Cat ,Gastrointestinal ,Fungal ,Candida albicans ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
A 3.5 year-old cat was admitted to the University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital for chronic vomiting. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a focal, circumferential thickening of the wall of the duodenum extending from the pylorus aborally for 3 cm, and an enlarged gastric lymph node. Cytology of fine-needle aspirates of the intestinal mass and lymph node revealed an eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate and numerous extracellular septate acute angle branching fungal-type hyphae. Occasional hyphae had globose terminal ends, as well as round to oval blastospores and germ tubes. Candida albicans was cultured from a surgical biopsy of the duodenal mass. No underlying host immunodeficiencies were identified. Passage of an abrasive intestinal foreign body was suspected to have caused intestinal mucosal damage resulting in focal intestinal candidiasis. The cat was treated with a short course of oral itraconazole and all clinical signs resolved.
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Disseminated invasive aspergillosis caused by Aspergillus felis in a cat
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Shannon L. Donahoe, Julia A. Beatty, Catherine A. Cormack, Vanessa R. Barrs, and Jessica J. Talbot
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Exophthalmos ,Veterinary medicine ,Case Report ,Infectious Disease ,Aspergillus felis ,Case Reports ,Aspergillosis ,mycology‐general ,Retropharyngeal lymph nodes ,SF600-1100 ,medicine ,caspofungin ,feline ,Lymph node ,Multiple Pulmonary Nodules ,General Veterinary ,biology ,business.industry ,Felis ,aspergillus ,microbiology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,posaconazole ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Granuloma ,SMALL ANIMAL ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
A 2‐year‐old male desexed Ragdoll cat with a 1‐year history of sneezing and nasal discharge presented with a large subcutaneous cervical mass, identified as the right medial retropharyngeal lymph node on computed tomography (CT). A right orbital mass, destructive sino‐nasal cavity disease and multiple pulmonary nodules were also identified. Aspergillus felis was cultured from the lymph node. After treatment with posaconazole and liposomal amphotericin B the lymph node enlargement and orbital mass resolved but left frontal sinus involvement and pulmonary lesions persisted despite additional caspofungin therapy. The cat was euthanized 14 months after diagnosis with dysphagia and chronic progressive exophthalmos. A meningeal granuloma with intravascular fungal hyphae was identified at post‐mortem and A felis was cultured from the left frontal sinus and a right retrobulbar fungal granuloma. This case demonstrates that disseminated disease is a possible sequel to invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by A felis in cats.
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- 2021
7. Complete clinical response to combined antifungal therapy in two cats with invasive fungal rhinosinusitis caused by cryptic Aspergillus species in section Fumigati
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Sarah E. Kidd, Lara Boland, Alexandra Kay, Jessica J. Talbot, Julia A. Beatty, and Vanessa R. Barrs
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Antifungal ,Posaconazole ,Medicine (General) ,medicine.drug_class ,QH301-705.5 ,Case Report ,Sino-nasal ,Aspergillosis ,Microbiology ,Asymptomatic ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,R5-920 ,Sino-orbital ,Caspofungin ,medicine ,Biology (General) ,Aspergillus species ,CATS ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Cryptic species ,Terbinafine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Cryptic species in Aspergillus section Fumigati are increasingly reported to cause invasive aspergillosis in humans and animals. These infections are often refractory to treatment because of intrinsic antifungal resistance. We report two cases of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in domestic cats caused by A. udagawae and A. felis. Clinical signs resolved after combined therapy including posaconazole, caspofungin and terbinafine. Both cases remained asymptomatic more than 2 years from initial presentation.
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- 2021
8. Azole‐resistant Aspergillus fumigatus is highly prevalent in the environment of Vietnam, with marked variability by land use type
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Matthew C. Fisher, Tra-My N. Duong, Sharon C.-A. Chen, Catriona Halliday, Khanh-Linh H. Tran, Tania C. Sorrell, Justin Beardsley, Huong-Lan P. Nguyen, Jeremy N. Day, Greg J. Fox, Thu Anh Nguyen, Guy B. Marks, Jessica J. Talbot, Phuong-Tuyen Nguyen, Michael Walsh, Thanh-Van Le, Bich-Ngoc T. Nguyen, Bich-Phuong T. Nguyen, Vanessa R. Barrs, Johanna Rhodes, Medical Research Council (MRC), and Wellcome Trust
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Azoles ,Antifungal ,Posaconazole ,Veterinary medicine ,Antifungal Agents ,Itraconazole ,medicine.drug_class ,Azole resistance ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,SUSCEPTIBILITY ,Microbiology ,MECHANISMS ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Southeast asia ,Fungal Proteins ,0603 Evolutionary Biology ,Drug Resistance, Fungal ,SURVEILLANCE ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,CYP51A GENE ,TR34/L98H MUTATIONS ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Voriconazole ,Science & Technology ,CYSTIC-FIBROSIS ,biology ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,Vietnam ,chemistry ,Azole ,SECTION FUMIGATI ,BURDEN ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,0605 Microbiology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Azole-resistant environmental Aspergillus fumigatus presents a threat to public health but the extent of this threat in Southeast Asia is poorly described. We conducted environmental surveillance in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam, collecting air and ground samples across key land-use types, and determined antifungal susceptibilities of Aspergillus section Fumigati (ASF) isolates and azole concentrations in soils. Of 119 ASF isolates, 55% were resistant (or non-wild type) to itraconazole, 65% to posaconazole and 50% to voriconazole. Azole resistance was more frequent in A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolates (95%) than other ASF species (32%). Resistant isolates and agricultural azole residues were overrepresented in samples from cultivated land. cyp51A gene sequence analysis showed 38/56 resistant A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolates carried known resistance mutations, with TR34 /L98H most frequent (34/38).
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- 2021
9. Fungal Rhinosinusitis and Disseminated Invasive Aspergillosis in Cats
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Jessica J. Talbot and Vanessa R. Barrs
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Antifungal Agents ,A fumigatus ,Aspergillus felis ,Favorable prognosis ,Cat Diseases ,Aspergillosis ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Microbiology ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Animals ,Medicine ,Sinusitis ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Small Animals ,CATS ,biology ,Invasive mycosis ,business.industry ,Aspergillus niger ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,body regions ,Cats ,business - Abstract
Fungal rhinosinusitis, including sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA) and sino-orbital aspergillosis (SOA), is the most common type of aspergillosis encountered in cats. Other focal forms of aspergillosis including disseminated invasive aspergillosis occur less frequently. SOA is an invasive mycosis that is increasingly recognized and is most commonly caused by Aspergillus felis, a close relative of Aspergillus fumigatus. SNA can be invasive or noninvasive and is most commonly caused by A fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Molecular methods are required to correctly identify the fungi that cause SNA and SOA. SNA has a favorable prognosis with treatment, whereas the prognosis for SOA remains poor.
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- 2020
10. Unravelling species boundaries in the Aspergillus viridinutans complex (section Fumigati): opportunistic human and animal pathogens capable of interspecific hybridization
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Alena Kubátová, Yoshikazu Horie, František Sklenář, Miroslav Kolařík, Vanessa R. Barrs, Takashi Yaguchi, Jessica J. Talbot, Tetsuhiro Matsuzawa, Jens Christian Frisvad, Zuzana Dudová, Alena Nováková, Vit Hubka, and Naturalis journals & series
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0301 basic medicine ,Species complex ,Antifungal drug ,Soil fungi ,Aspergillus felis ,Biology ,mating-type genes ,Intraspecific competition ,03 medical and health sciences ,soil fungi ,Heterothallic ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,invasive aspergillosis ,Genetic diversity ,Mating-type genes ,Phylogenetic tree ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Multispecies coalescence model ,Interspecific competition ,Neosartorya udagawae ,030104 developmental biology ,multispecies coalescence model ,Evolutionary biology ,Invasive aspergillosis ,Scanning electron microscopy ,scanning electron microscopy ,Research Article - Abstract
Although Aspergillus fumigatus is the major agent of invasive aspergillosis, an increasing number of infections are caused by its cryptic species, especially A. lentulus and the A. viridinutans species complex (AVSC). Their identification is clinically relevant because of antifungal drug resistance and refractory infections. Species boundaries in the AVSC are unresolved since most species have uniform morphology and produce interspecific hybrids in vitro. Clinical and environmental strains from six continents (n = 110) were characterized by DNA sequencing of four to six loci. Biological compatibilities were tested within and between major phylogenetic clades, and ascospore morphology was characterised. Species delimitation methods based on the multispecies coalescent model (MSC) supported recognition of ten species including one new species. Four species are confirmed opportunistic pathogens; A. udagawae followed by A. felis and A. pseudoviridinutans are known from opportunistic human infections, while A. felis followed by A. udagawae and A. wyomingensis are agents of feline sino-orbital aspergillosis. Recently described human-pathogenic species A. parafelis and A. pseudofelis are synonymized with A. felis and an epitype is designated for A. udagawae. Intraspecific mating assay showed that only a few of the heterothallic species can readily generate sexual morphs in vitro. Interspecific mating assays revealed that five different species combinations were biologically compatible. Hybrid ascospores had atypical surface ornamentation and significantly different dimensions compared to parental species. This suggests that species limits in the AVSC are maintained by both pre- and post-zygotic barriers and these species display a great potential for rapid adaptation and modulation of virulence. This study highlights that a sufficient number of strains representing genetic diversity within a species is essential for meaningful species boundaries delimitation in cryptic species complexes. MSC-based delimitation methods are robust and suitable tools for evaluation of boundaries between these species.
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- 2018
11. Canine rhinitis caused by an uncommonly-diagnosed fungus, Scedosporium apiospermum
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Ken C. Lee, Paul Crocker, Jessica J. Talbot, Lucy Woolford, and Chris Smith
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Scedosporiosis ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Itraconazole ,030106 microbiology ,Case Report ,Fungus ,Microbiology ,0403 veterinary science ,Scedosporium ,03 medical and health sciences ,Complex ,Medicine ,Clinical significance ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Mycosis ,Rhinitis ,Taxonomy ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Aspergillus ,Systemic therapy ,biology ,business.industry ,Scedosporium apiospermum ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Clinical disease ,Dermatology ,Infectious Diseases ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A Golden Retriever cross was presented with a four week history of violent sneezing and licking at the nasal planum. Nasal mycosis was diagnosed and Aspergillus sp. presumed the causative agent, until culture, PCR and DNA sequencing showed that Scedosporium apiospermum, an uncommonly diagnosed, yet emerging, fungal pathogen, was the agent responsible. Debridement of the fungal plaques and systemic itraconazole therapy resulted in complete resolution of clinical disease. We discuss the current literature on S. apiospermum, review its clinical significance and question the validity of its ‘complex’ taxonomy. Keywords: Scedosporium, Scedosporiosis, Rhinitis, Complex, Systemic therapy, Taxonomy
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- 2018
12. Unprecedented Prevalence of Azole-Resistant Aspergillus fumigatus Identified in the Environment of Vietnam, with Marked Variability by Land Use Type
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Guy B. Marks, Nguyen Phu Huong Lan, Nguyen Phuong Tuyen, Le Thanh Van, Johanna Rhodes, Nguyen Thi Phuong, Greg J. Fox, Vanessa R. Barrs, Jeremy N. Day, Nguyen Thu Anh, Michael Walsh, Duong Nu Tra My, Justin Beardsley, Matthew C. Fisher, Tania C. Sorrell, Catriona Halliday, Jessica J. Talbot, N. B. Ngoc, Tran Hoang Khanh Linh, and Sharon C.-A. Chen
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Aspergillus ,Veterinary medicine ,Posaconazole ,Tuberculosis ,biology ,Itraconazole ,National park ,Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis ,Drug resistance ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,medicine ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF) presents a threat to global public health, particularly where prior tuberculosis or underlying lung disease is prevalent. Southeast Asia is estimated to have a large burden of Aspergillus disease yet mycology diagnostic laboratory capacity is limited and systematic surveillance for drug resistance is absent. ARAF’s threat is thus poorly understood in this populous region. Methods: We conducted environmental surveillance in southern Vietnam, collecting air and ground samples across land-use types including cultivated land, urban residential land, and national park. We determined susceptibilities of A. fumigatus and non-fumigatus Aspergillus section Fumigati (ASF) isolates using EUCAST methodology, and measured residual agricultural azole concentrations in soil using liquid chromatography / tandem mass spectrometry. Findings: 95·2% of A. fumigatus isolates (59/62) were azole-resistant (31·6% for non- fumigatus ASF isolates (18/57)). Of all 119 ASF isolates, 55% were resistant or non-wild type to itraconazole, 65% to posaconazole and 50% to voriconazole. Both resistant isolates and agricultural azole residues were over-represented in cultivated land. The odds ratio for azole-resistance being detected, compared to national park sites, was ranged from 3·15-7·16 in cultivated lands types, and was highest in urban residential sites (9·31, p=0.0002). cyp51A gene sequence analysis showed 38/56 resistant A. fumigatus isolates carried known resistance mutations, with TR34/L98H most frequent (34/38). Interpretation: Our data demonstrate alarmingly high levels of azole-resistant A. fumigatus in this region, which challenge the reliance of existing treatment guidelines on empiric azole therapy. Funding Statement: This project received internal funding from the University of Sydney. Declaration of Interests: None of the authors have any financial and personal potential conflicts of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: National Lung Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam provided ethical approval for the study.
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- 2020
13. Surveillance for azole resistance in clinical and environmental isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus in Australia and cyp51A homology modelling of azole-resistant isolates
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Catriona Halliday, Tania C. Sorrell, Lincoln A. Harper, Dee A. Carter, David E. Hibbs, Jessica J. Talbot, Sharon C.-A. Chen, William S. Cuddy, Chayanika Biswas, Francisco J. Lopez-Ruiz, Shradha Subedi, Louise Cooley, Felcia Lai, Vanessa R. Barrs, and Robert F. Park
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Azoles ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Posaconazole ,Antifungal Agents ,Itraconazole ,030106 microbiology ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Drug resistance ,Biology ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Microbiology ,Fungal Proteins ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medical microbiology ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,Drug Resistance, Fungal ,Environmental Microbiology ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Aspergillosis ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Voriconazole ,Aspergillus ,Australia ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Epidemiological Monitoring ,Azole ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background The prevalence of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus is uncertain in Australia. Azole exposure may select for resistance. We investigated the frequency of azole resistance in a large number of clinical and environmental isolates. Methods A. fumigatus isolates [148 human, 21 animal and 185 environmental strains from air (n = 6) and azole-exposed (n = 64) or azole-naive (n = 115) environments] were screened for azole resistance using the VIPcheck™ system. MICs were determined using the Sensititre™ YeastOne YO10 assay. Sequencing of the Aspergillus cyp51A gene and promoter region was performed for azole-resistant isolates, and cyp51A homology protein modelling undertaken. Results Non-WT MICs/MICs at the epidemiological cut-off value of one or more azoles were observed for 3/148 (2%) human isolates but not amongst animal, or environmental, isolates. All three isolates grew on at least one azole-supplemented well based on VIPcheck™ screening. For isolates 9 and 32, the itraconazole and posaconazole MICs were 1 mg/L (voriconazole MICs 0.12 mg/L); isolate 129 had itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole MICs of >16, 1 and 8 mg/L, respectively. Soil isolates from azole-exposed and azole-naive environments had similar geometric mean MICs of itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole (P > 0.05). A G54R mutation was identified in the isolates exhibiting itraconazole and posaconazole resistance, and the TR34/L98H mutation in the pan-azole-resistant isolate. cyp51A modelling predicted that the G54R mutation would prevent binding of itraconazole and posaconazole to the haem complex. Conclusions Azole resistance is uncommon in Australian clinical and environmental A. fumigatus isolates; further surveillance is indicated.
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- 2018
14. Long term survival of a dog with disseminated Aspergillus deflectus infection without definitive treatment
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Jessica J. Talbot, Sarah E. Kidd, Peter Bennett, Vanessa R. Barrs, Mariano Makara, and Patricia Martin
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0301 basic medicine ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Disseminated aspergillosis ,Palliative care ,Aspergillus deflectus ,Survival ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Case Report ,Microbiology ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Refractory ,German Shepherd Dog ,Long term survival ,Medicine ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Aspergillus species ,lcsh:R5-920 ,business.industry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Kidney disease - Abstract
Canine disseminated fungal infection by Aspergillus species carries a guarded to grave prognosis as they often rapidly progress and are refractory to treatment with many euthanased soon after diagnosis. This case report describes a 2.5 year old female spayed German Shepherd Dog diagnosed with disseminated Aspergillus deflectus infection for which definitive treatment was declined by the owners. With only palliative management the dog survived three years and two months before succumbing to chronic kidney disease. Keywords: Aspergillus deflectus, Disseminated aspergillosis, Palliative care, Survival
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- 2018
15. cyp51A Mutations, Extrolite Profiles, and Antifungal Susceptibility in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of the Aspergillus viridinutans Species Complex
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Ferry Hagen, Felcia Lai, Jos Houbraken, Paul E. Verweij, David E. Hibbs, Paul W. Groundwater, Vanessa R. Barrs, Robert A. Samson, Sarah E. Kidd, Jacques F. Meis, Jens Christian Frisvad, Jessica J. Talbot, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Medical Mycology, and Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Food and Indoor Mycology
- Subjects
Aspergillus viridinutans, Aspergillus felis, Aspergillus udagawae ,Itraconazole ,Luliconazole ,Aspergillus udagawae ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Aspergillus felis ,Gene mutation ,Aspergillosis ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center ,azole resistance ,Aspergillus viridinutans ,Mechanisms of Resistance ,medicine ,cyp51A ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030304 developmental biology ,Pharmacology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Voriconazole ,0303 health sciences ,cryptic species ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Cryptic species ,Azole resistance ,Azole ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The past decade has seen an increase in aspergillosis in humans and animals due to Aspergillus viridinutans species complex members. Azole resistance is common to these infections, carrying a poor prognosis. cyp51A gene mutations are the main cause of acquired azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. This study aimed to determine if the azole-resistant phenotype in A. viridinutans complex members is associated with cyp51A mutations or extrolite profiles., The past decade has seen an increase in aspergillosis in humans and animals due to Aspergillus viridinutans species complex members. Azole resistance is common to these infections, carrying a poor prognosis. cyp51A gene mutations are the main cause of acquired azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. This study aimed to determine if the azole-resistant phenotype in A. viridinutans complex members is associated with cyp51A mutations or extrolite profiles. The cyp51A gene of clinical and environmental isolates was amplified using novel primers, antifungal susceptibility was tested using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology, and extrolite profiling was performed using agar plug extraction. Very high azole MICs were detected in 84% of the isolates (31/37). The MICs of the newer antifungals luliconazole and olorofim (F901318) were low for all isolates. cyp51A sequences revealed 113 nonsynonymous mutations compared to the sequence of wild-type A. fumigatus. M172A/V and D255G, previously associated with A. fumigatus azole resistance, were common among all isolates but were not correlated with azole MICs. Two environmental isolates with nonsusceptibility to itraconazole and high MICs of voriconazole and isavuconazole harbored G138C, previously associated with azole-resistant A. fumigatus. Some novel mutations were identified only among isolates with high azole MICs. However, cyp51A homology modeling did not cause a significant protein structure change for these mutations. There was no correlation between extrolite patterns and susceptibility. For A. viridinutans complex isolates, cyp51A mutations and the extrolites that they produced were not major causes of antifungal resistance. Luliconazole and olorofim show promise for treating azole-resistant infections caused by these cryptic species.
- Published
- 2019
16. Contributors
- Author
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Michael J. Adkesson, Patricia Aguilar-Calvo, Bianca Nascimento de Alcantara, Matthew C. Allender, Leonardo Arias-Bernal, Cheryl Asa, Kay A. Backues, James E. Bailey, Karen Bauman, Katherine Belov, Mad Frost Bertelsen, Jocelyn Bezner, Ellen Bronson, Peter Buss, Kenneth Cameron, Michelle Campbell-Ward, Lilian Silva Catenacci, Norin Chai, Sathya K. Chinnadurai, Bruce Christensen, Meredith Martin Clancy, Leigh Clayton, Carmen M.H. Colitz, Galaxia Cortes-Hinojosa, José Luis Crespo-Picazo, Liza Dadone, Marietta Dindo Danforth, Sharon L. Deem, Rosalie Dench, Marion Renée Desmarchelier, Nicola Di Girolamo, Dante Luis Di Nucci, Jessica A. Emerson, Jonathan H. Epstein, Claire Erlacher-Reid, Joseph P. Flanagan, Brett Fundak, Laurie J. Gage, Kathryn C. Gamble, Daniel García-Párraga, Michael M. Garner, Timothy A. Georoff, Kirsten V.K. Gilardi, Martin Gilbert, Steven M. Goodman, Mark Greenberg, Alex David Greenwood, Carsten Grøndahl, Catherine Hadfield, Bálint Halpern, Sarah Hamer, Elizabeth E. Hammond, Robert Harman, Sonia Maria Hernandez, Carolyn Hodo, Erik Hofmeister, Carolyn J. Hogg, Lauren Lynn Howard, Marina Ivančić, Gwen Jankowski, Donald L. Janssen, Carles Juan-Sallés, Kurnia Oktavia Khairani, Matthew E. Kinney, Laura M. Kleinschmidt, Richard Anthony Kock, Corinne P. Kozlowski, Jennifer N. Langan, Alexis Lécu, Gregory A. Lewbart, Kerrie Anne T. Loyd, Imke Lüeders, Khursheed Mama, Christoph Mans, Rachel E. Marschang, Paolo R. Martelli, Gerardo Martinez, Jonna A.K. Mazet, Denise McAloose, Carol U. Meteyer, Michele A. Miller, Ellie Milnes, Christine Molter, Santiago Monsalve, Pete Morkel, Hayley Weston Murphy, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Yvonne Nadler, Julia E. Napier, Pierre Nel, Pauline Nol, Sean O'Sullivan, Francisco Olea-Popelka, Klaus Osterrieder, Annie Page-Karjian, Jean A. Paré, Adriana Pastor, Joost Philippa, Wouter Pieters, Timothy J. Portas, Robin W. Radcliffe, Jan Raines, Bonnie L. Raphael, Fidisoa Rasambainarivo, Patricia Reed, Jack C. Rhyan, Bruce Rideout, John Roberts, Sarah Robinson, Gianmarco Rojas Moreno, Laura Elizabeth Rosen, Elizabeth Marie Rush, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Willem Schaftenaar, Michael R. Schirmacher, Debra A. Schmidt, Kathryn E. Seeley, Michelle E. Shaw, Christina J. Sigurdson, Kurt K. Sladky, Dale Smith, Kristine Smith, Endre Sós, Gerhard Steenkamp, Darrel K. Styles, Hui Suk-Wai, Kathleen E. Sullivan, John M. Sykes, Jessica J. Talbot, Washington Tapia, Karen A. Terio, Scott Terrell, Arshad Haroon Toosy, Dominic A. Travis, Kathryn A. Tuxbury, Eduardo V. Valdes, Caroline Van Hemert, Carrie K. Vance, Michelle L. Verant, Larry Vogelnest, Chris Walzer, Jim Wellehan, Ellen Wiedner, Peregrine L. Wolff, Enrique Yarto-Jaramillo, and Jeffery R. Zuba
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- 2019
17. Quality-of-Life Assessment and End-of-Life Planning for Geriatric Zoo Animals
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Jessica J. Talbot and Larry Vogelnest
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Gerontology ,Life planning ,Quality of life (healthcare) ,Psychology - Published
- 2019
18. Identification of pathogenic Aspergillus isolates from captive birds in Australia
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Paul P. Thompson, Larry Vogelnest, Jessica J. Talbot, and Vanessa R. Barrs
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0301 basic medicine ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Sequence analysis ,030106 microbiology ,Biology ,Aspergillosis ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,0403 veterinary science ,Birds ,03 medical and health sciences ,law ,Tubulin ,DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ,medicine ,Prevalence ,Animals ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,DNA, Fungal ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Aspergillus species ,Aspergillus ,Bird Diseases ,Avian disease ,Fungal genetics ,Australia ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Pets ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Animals, Domestic ,Identification (biology) ,Animals, Zoo - Abstract
Aspergillosis is a major cause of severe respiratory disease in birds. The prevalence of cryptic section Fumigati and other non-Aspergillus fumigatus species as causative agents is unknown. Species identity was determined in 30 isolates from affected birds from zoos, pet birds and poultry by PCR of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and partial β-tubulin genes. The most prevalent isolate was A. fumigatus sens. str. in 87% (26) cases. Other Aspergillus species were identified in 13% (4) cases, including A. restrictus (1), A. flavus sens. str. (2), and A. nidulans-clade (1). This is the first report of A. restrictus causing avian disease.
- Published
- 2017
19. Discovery of Aspergillus frankstonensis sp. nov. during environmental sampling for animal and human fungal pathogens
- Author
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Jens Christian Frisvad, Jos Houbraken, John I. Pitt, Jessica J. Talbot, Sarah E. Kidd, Vanessa R. Barrs, Julia A. Beatty, Robert A. Samson, Sue Lindsay, Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, and Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Food and Indoor Mycology
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Antifungal Agents ,lcsh:Medicine ,Naphthols ,Animal Phylogenetics ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,lcsh:Science ,DNA, Fungal ,Phylogeny ,Soil Microbiology ,Data Management ,Mammals ,Fungal Pathogens ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Fungal Diseases ,Phylogenetic Analysis ,Environmental exposure ,Phylogenetics ,Aspergillus ,Infectious Diseases ,Aspergillus Fumigatus ,Medical Microbiology ,Vertebrates ,Pathogens ,Soil microbiology ,Environmental Monitoring ,Research Article ,Species complex ,Computer and Information Sciences ,030106 microbiology ,Zoology ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Mycology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Botany ,Animals ,Aspergillosis ,Humans ,Evolutionary Systematics ,Heterothallic ,Microbial Pathogens ,Taxonomy ,Animal Pathogens ,Ecological niche ,Evolutionary Biology ,Base Sequence ,lcsh:R ,Australia ,Organisms ,Fungi ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Environmental Exposure ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,Molds (Fungi) ,Amniotes ,Cats ,lcsh:Q ,Invasive Fungal Infections - Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) due to species in Aspergillus section Fumigati (ASF), including the Aspergillus viridinutans species complex (AVSC), are increasingly reported in humans and cats. The risk of exposure to these medically important fungi in Australia is unknown. Air and soil was sampled from the domiciles of pet cats diagnosed with these IFI and from a nature reserve in Frankston, Victoria, where Aspergillus viridinutans sensu stricto was discovered in 1954. Of 104 ASF species isolated, 61% were A. fumigatus sensu stricto, 9% were AVSC (A. felis-clade and A. frankstonensis sp. nov.) and 30% were other species (30%). Seven pathogenic ASF species known to cause disease in humans and animals (A. felis-clade, A. fischeri, A. thermomutatus, A. lentulus, A. laciniosus A. fumisynne-matus, A. hiratsukae) comprised 25% of isolates overall. AVSC species were only isolated from Frankston soil where they were abundant, suggesting a particular ecological niche. Phylogenetic, morphological and metabolomic analyses of these isolates identified a new species, A. frankstonensis that is phylogenetically distinct from other AVSC species, hetero-thallic and produces a unique array of extrolites, including the UV spectrum characterized compounds DOLD, RAIMO and CALBO. Shared morphological and physiological characteristics with other AVSC species include slow sporulation, optimal growth at 37 °C, no growth at 50 °C, and viriditoxin production. Overall, the risk of environmental exposure to pathogenic species in ASF in Australia appears to be high, but there was no evidence of direct environmental exposure to AVSC species in areas where humans and cats cohabitate.
- Published
- 2017
20. Disseminated Scedosporium prolificans infection in a Labrador retriever with immune mediated haemolytic anaemia
- Author
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Amanda Taylor, Mariano Makara, Vanessa R. Barrs, Patricia Martin, Jessica J. Talbot, and Peter Bennett
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Scedosporiosis ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Microbiology ,Article ,Canine ,Immune system ,Invasive fungal infection ,medicine ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Immunodeficiency ,Voriconazole ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Scedosporium prolificans ,biology ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Dermatology ,Infectious Diseases ,Immunosuppressive drug ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Immunology ,Terbinafine ,Labrador Retriever ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Progressive disease ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Disseminated scedosporiosis is rare in dogs and is usually reported in German Shepherds with suspected heritable immunodeficiency. This is the first report of disseminated scedosporiosis due to Scedosporium prolificans in a Labrador retriever dog that was receiving immunosuppressive drug therapy for treatment of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. Despite cessation of immunosuppressive medications and an initial response to aggressive treatment with voriconazole and terbinafine the dog developed progressive disease with neurological signs necessitating euthanasia six months from diagnosis., Highlights • Disseminated scedosporiosis due to Scedosporium prolificans is described in a dog. • Chronic prednisolone and cyclosporine therapy preceded disseminated scedosporiosis. • Combination therapy with oral voriconazole and terbinafine was prescribed. • Despite an initial response progressive disease occurred.
- Published
- 2014
21. Computed tomographic features of feline sino-nasal and sino-orbital aspergillosis
- Author
-
Navneet K. Dhand, E Bell, Mariano Makara, Julia A. Beatty, P Chapman, S. Bennett, L.A. Abraham, Jessica J. Talbot, T van Doorn, and Vanessa R. Barrs
- Subjects
Male ,Nasal cavity ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Aspergillus felis ,Biology ,Cat Diseases ,Aspergillosis ,Pathogenesis ,Species Specificity ,DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ,medicine ,Animals ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Frontal sinus ,General Veterinary ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,medicine.disease ,Aspergillus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Paranasal sinuses ,Cats ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Nasal Cavity ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,Respiratory tract ,Orbit (anatomy) - Abstract
Feline upper respiratory tract aspergillosis (URTA) occurs as two distinct anatomical forms, namely, sino-nasal aspergillosis (SNA) and sino-orbital aspergillosis (SOA). An emerging pathogen, Aspergillus felis, is frequently involved. The pathogenesis of URTA, in particular the relationship between the infecting isolate and outcome, is poorly understood. In this study, computed tomography was used to investigate the route of fungal infection and extension in 16 cases (SNA n = 7, SOA n = 9) where the infecting isolate had been identified by molecular testing. All cases had nasal cavity involvement except for one cat with SNA that had unilateral frontal sinus changes. There was a strong association between the infecting species and anatomic form (P = 0.005). A. fumigatus infections remained within the sino-nasal cavity, while cryptic species infections were associated with orbital and paranasal soft-tissue involvement and with orbital lysis. Cryptic species were further associated with a mass in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses or nasopharynx. Orbital masses showed heterogeneous contrast enhancement, with central coalescing hypoattenuating foci and peripheral rim enhancement. Severe, cavitated turbinate lysis, typical of canine SNA, was present only in cats with SNA. These findings support the hypothesis that the nasal cavity is the portal of entry for fungal spores in feline URTA and that the route of extension to involve the orbit is via direct naso-orbital communication from bone lysis. Additionally, a pathogenic role for A. wyomingensis and a sinolith in a cat with A. udagawae infection are reported for the first time.
- Published
- 2014
22. One-health pathogens in the Aspergillus viridinutans complex
- Author
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Jessica J. Talbot and Vanessa R. Barrs
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Species complex ,Antifungal Agents ,030106 microbiology ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Secondary metabolite ,Biology ,Aspergillosis ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,One Health ,Aspergillus ,Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis ,Felis ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Aspergillus viridinutans ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Cryptic species in Aspergillus section Fumigati are increasingly recognised as pathogens in humans and animals. The A. viridinutans complex (AVC) has recently expanded to comprise 10 species, of which six are known to be pathogenic, including A. udagawae, A. felis, A. pseudofelis, A. parafelis, A. pseudoviridinutans, and A. wyomingensis. They cause locally invasive and disseminated invasive disease syndromes, including chronic pulmonary aspergillosis and invasive aspergillosis in humans, invasive fungal rhinosinusitis in cats, and disseminated invasive aspergillosis in dogs. In contrast to A. fumigatus, AVC species are characterized by higher minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antifungal drugs and the infections they cause are typically more chronic and more refractory to therapy. This review, of relevance for one-health practitioners, explores the history of the AVC as well as current phylogenetic relationships, secondary metabolite production, environmental distribution, clinical syndromes, and antifungal susceptibility patterns.
- Published
- 2016
23. Type III hemifacial microsomia in a kitten
- Author
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Julia A. Beatty, Jessica J. Talbot, K. Voss, and Vanessa R. Barrs
- Subjects
biology ,business.industry ,Anatomy ,Cat Diseases ,medicine.disease ,Kitten ,Hemifacial microsomia ,Rare Diseases ,Facial Asymmetry ,biology.animal ,Cats ,medicine ,Animals ,Craniofacial ,Small Animals ,business ,Congenital disorder - Abstract
The case described herein presented with craniofacial malformations resembling hemifacial microsomia (HFM), a congenital disorder described in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of HFM in a domestic cat.
- Published
- 2012
24. Gastrointestinal granuloma due to Candida albicans in an immunocompetent cat
- Author
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Annie Rose, Anne-Claire Duchaussoy, Jessica J. Talbot, and Vanessa R. Barrs
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Gastrointestinal ,Gastric Lymph Node ,Case Report ,Microbiology ,Eosinophilic ,Candida albicans ,medicine ,Lymph node ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,lcsh:R5-920 ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,biology ,business.industry ,Cat ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Pylorus ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Fungal ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Abdominal ultrasonography ,Granuloma ,Duodenum ,business ,lcsh:Medicine (General) - Abstract
A 3.5 year-old cat was admitted to the University of Melbourne Veterinary Teaching Hospital for chronic vomiting. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a focal, circumferential thickening of the wall of the duodenum extending from the pylorus aborally for 3 cm, and an enlarged gastric lymph node. Cytology of fine-needle aspirates of the intestinal mass and lymph node revealed an eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate and numerous extracellular septate acute angle branching fungal-type hyphae. Occasional hyphae had globose terminal ends, as well as round to oval blastospores and germ tubes. Candida albicans was cultured from a surgical biopsy of the duodenal mass. No underlying host immunodeficiencies were identified. Passage of an abrasive intestinal foreign body was suspected to have caused intestinal mucosal damage resulting in focal intestinal candidiasis. The cat was treated with a short course of oral itraconazole and all clinical signs resolved., Highlights • The first case of intestinal candidiasis in a cat. • A focal intestinal fungal granuloma caused vomiting and weight loss. • Candida albicans was isolated from the granuloma.
- Published
- 2015
25. Low Prevalence of Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus in Australia, and Molecular Characterisation of-Resistant Isolates
- Author
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Dee A. Carter, Catriona Halliday, Tania C. Sorrell, Chayanika Biswas, Shradha Subedi, Sharon C.-A. Chen, Louise Cooley, Vanessa R. Barrs, and Jessica J. Talbot
- Subjects
Posaconazole ,food.ingredient ,biology ,Azole resistance ,biology.organism_classification ,Phenotype ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Microbiology ,Isolated Tumor Cells ,Infectious Diseases ,food ,Tubulin ,Oncology ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Agar ,Gene ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2017
26. Nasofacial infection in a cat due to a novel bacterium in Neisseriaceae
- Author
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G. Muscatello, Lydia Tong, Samantha L Keyes, Patricia Martin, Vanessa R. Barrs, Susan V Carr, and Jessica J. Talbot
- Subjects
Doxycycline ,Fastidious organism ,biology ,Sulfamethoxazole ,Case Report ,Antimicrobial ,biology.organism_classification ,Trimethoprim ,Microbiology ,medicine ,Neisseriaceae ,Neisseria ,Small Animals ,Pathogen ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Case summary A 2-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for a progressive subcutaneous nasofacial swelling. Histology of biopsy tissue revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation and large numbers of gram-negative capsulated bacterial coccobacilli within macrophages. The isolate was fastidious and grew after 6 days under microaerophilic conditions in a candle jar. The molecular identity of the isolate, from comparative sequence analysis of the 16s rRNA gene, is an as yet to be classified bacterial species within a novel genus of Neisseria. Infection resolved after 7 months of antimicrobial therapy with doxycycline and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. There has been no further recurrence of clinical signs in a 3 year follow-up period. Relevance and novel information Cats are susceptible to nasofacial infections as a result of traumatic inoculation of environmental bacteria, fungi and protozoa. We report a novel pathogen in the Neisseriaceae family, identified by 16 sRNA comparative sequence analysis, as a cause of nasofacial infection in a cat, and its subsequent successful treatment with combination antimicrobial therapy.
- Published
- 2015
27. Nasofacial infection in a cat due to a novel bacterium in
- Author
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Susan V Carr, Patricia A Martin, Samantha L Keyes, Lydia J Tong, Jessica J Talbot, Gary Muscatello, and Vanessa R Barrs
- Subjects
lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,lcsh:SF600-1100 - Abstract
Case summary A 2-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented for a progressive subcutaneous nasofacial swelling. Histology of biopsy tissue revealed pyogranulomatous inflammation and large numbers of gram-negative capsulated bacterial coccobacilli within macrophages. The isolate was fastidious and grew after 6 days under microaerophilic conditions in a candle jar. The molecular identity of the isolate, from comparative sequence analysis of the 16s rRNA gene, is an as yet to be classified bacterial species within a novel genus of Neisseria . Infection resolved after 7 months of antimicrobial therapy with doxycycline and trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole. There has been no further recurrence of clinical signs in a 3 year follow-up period. Relevance and novel information Cats are susceptible to nasofacial infections as a result of traumatic inoculation of environmental bacteria, fungi and protozoa. We report a novel pathogen in the Neisseriaceae family, identified by 16 sRNA comparative sequence analysis, as a cause of nasofacial infection in a cat, and its subsequent successful treatment with combination antimicrobial therapy.
- Published
- 2015
28. Azole resistance in canine and feline isolates of Aspergillus fumigatus
- Author
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Jessica J. Talbot, Patricia Martin, Julia A. Beatty, Vanessa R. Barrs, and Sarah E. Kidd
- Subjects
Posaconazole ,Antifungal Agents ,Itraconazole ,Immunology ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Aspergillosis ,Cat Diseases ,Microbiology ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Fungal Proteins ,Dogs ,Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System ,Drug Resistance, Fungal ,medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Animals ,Dog Diseases ,Voriconazole ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,General Veterinary ,biology ,General Medicine ,Triazoles ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Mutation ,Cats ,Azole ,Ketoconazole ,Fluconazole ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Azole resistance is an emerging cause of treatment failure in humans with aspergillosis. The aim of this study was to determine if azole resistance is emerging in Aspergillus fumigatus isolates from canine and feline sino-nasal aspergillosis cases. Susceptibilities of isolates collected between 1988 and 2014 from 46 dogs and 4 cats to itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, fluconazole and ketoconazole were assessed using Sensititre YeastOne microdilution trays; and to enilconazole and clotrimazole, following the CLSI M38-A2 standard. For the majority of isolates MICs were high for ketoconazole, low for enilconazole and clotrimazole, and less than established epidemiological cut-off values for itraconazole, posaconazole and voriconazole. One canine isolate from 1992 had multiazole resistance and on Cyp51A gene sequencing a mutation associated with azole resistance (F46Y) was detected. There is no evidence of emerging azole resistance among A. fumigatus isolates from dogs and cats and topical azole therapy should be effective against most isolates.
- Published
- 2015
29. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a dog associated with Geastrum triplex spores
- Author
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J. Whitney, Jessica J. Talbot, Patricia Martin, N.J. Beijerink, and Vanessa R. Barrs
- Subjects
Lycoperdonosis ,Geastrum triplex ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Puffball ,Microbiology ,Article ,Canine ,Antigen ,medicine ,biology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Inhalation ,business.industry ,Interstitial lung disease ,respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Bronchoalveolar lavage ,Immunology ,business ,Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a syndrome reported in humans, and occasionally animals, that results from the inhalation of very small antigenic particles (usually
- Published
- 2013
30. Detection of Aspergillus-specific antibodies by agar gel double immunodiffusion and IgG ELISA in feline upper respiratory tract aspergillosis
- Author
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Patricia Martin, Frédéric Billen, Navneet K. Dhand, Katherine Belov, Lynelle R. Johnson, Beata Ujvari, Julia A. Beatty, I.R. Peters, Jessica J. Talbot, and Vanessa R. Barrs
- Subjects
Male ,Aspergillus flavus ,Sino-nasal ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Aspergillus felis ,Aspergillosis ,Cat Diseases ,Microbiology ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Feline ,Sino-orbital ,medicine ,Animals ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Immunoelectrophoresis ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Antibodies, Fungal ,Aspergillus ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Aspergillus niger ,Aspergillus spp ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion ,Immunoglobulin G ,Cats ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Aspergillus lentulus ,Female - Abstract
Highlights: Feline antibodies against cryptic Aspergillus spp. cross react with an aspergillin containing A. fumigatus antigens. • Brachycephalic cats are prone to upper respiratory tract aspergillosis (URTA). • The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) assay has low sensitivity for diagnosis of URTA. • IgG ELISA has high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of URTA. • This study provides evidence that cats with URTA are systemically immunocompetent. Abstract Feline upper respiratory tract aspergillosis (URTA) is an emerging infectious disease. The aims of this study were: (1) to assess the diagnostic value of detection of Aspergillus-specific antibodies using an agar gel double immunodiffusion (AGID) assay and an indirect immunoglobulin G (IgG) ELISA; and (2) to determine if an aspergillin derived from mycelia of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus can be used to detect serum antibodies against cryptic Aspergillus spp. in Aspergillus section Fumigati. Sera from cats with URTA (group 1: n = 21) and two control groups (group 2: cats with other upper respiratory tract diseases, n = 25; group 3: healthy cats and cats with non-respiratory, non-fungal illness, n = 84) were tested. Isolates from cats with URTA comprised A. fumigatus (n = 5), A. flavus (n = 1) and four cryptic species: Aspergillus felis (n = 12), Aspergillus thermomutatus (Neosartorya pseudofischeri, n = 1), Aspergillus lentulus (n = 1) and Aspergillus udagawae (n = 1). Brachycephalic purebred cats were significantly more likely to develop URTA than other breeds (P = 0.013). The sensitivity (Se) of the AGID was 43% and the specificity (Sp) was 100%. At a cut-off value of 6 ELISA units/mL, the Se of the IgG ELISA was 95.2% and the Sp was 92% and 92.9% for groups 2 and 3 cats, respectively. Aspergillus-specific antibodies against all four cryptic species were detected in one or both assays. Assay Se was not associated with species identity. Detection of Aspergillus-specific antibodies by IgG ELISA has high Se and Sp for diagnosis of feline URTA. Keywords: Aspergillosis; Aspergillus spp; Sino-nasal; Sino-orbital; Feline funded by an Australian Companion Animal Health Foundation grant (015/2013
- Published
- 2014
31. Feline aspergillosis
- Author
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Vanessa R. Barrs and Jessica J. Talbot
- Subjects
Immunocompromised Host ,Antifungal Agents ,Aspergillus ,Cats ,Animals ,Aspergillosis ,Small Animals ,Cat Diseases - Abstract
Feline aspergillosis includes sinonasal aspergillosis (SNA), sino-orbital aspergillosis (SOA), other focal invasive forms, and disseminated disease. SOA is an invasive mycosis that is being increasingly recognized, and is most commonly caused by a recently discovered pathogen Aspergillus felis. SNA can be invasive or noninvasive and is most commonly caused by Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus niger. Molecular methods are required to correctly identify the fungi that cause SNA and SOA. SNA has a favorable prognosis with treatment, whereas the prognosis for SOA remains poor.
- Published
- 2013
32. What causes canine sino-nasal aspergillosis? A molecular approach to species identification
- Author
-
Frédéric Billen, Sarah E. Kidd, Jessica J. Talbot, Catriona Halliday, Justine S. Gibson, Patricia Martin, Lynelle R. Johnson, Jörg M. Steiner, Deanna A. Sutton, Julia A. Beatty, Vanessa R. Barrs, and Beata Ujvari
- Subjects
Male ,Molecular Sequence Data ,Nose ,Aspergillosis ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Aspergillus fumigatus ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,Fungal Proteins ,Dogs ,Belgium ,Calmodulin ,law ,Tubulin ,medicine ,Animals ,Dog Diseases ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Ribosomal DNA ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Phylogeny ,Aspergillus ,Fungal protein ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Australia ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,United States ,RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S ,genomic DNA ,Aspergillus tubingensis ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Female - Abstract
On the basis of phenotypic identification methods, Aspergillus fumigatus is reported as the most commonly identified aetiological agent of canine sino-nasal aspergillosis (SNA). However, definitive identification of Aspergillus spp. using phenotypic features alone is unreliable. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular identities of fungal species causing SNA in dogs. Genomic DNA was extracted from 91 fungal isolates from 90 dogs diagnosed with SNA in Australia, the USA and Belgium, and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA and partial β-tubulin regions were sequenced. Eighty-eight of 91 (96.7%) isolates were identified as A. fumigatus and 3/91 (3.3%) belonged to Aspergillus section Nigri spp. (Aspergillus tubingensis: 2/91; Aspergillus uvarum: 1/91). These findings confirm that A. fumigatus is the most common aetiological agent of canine SNA. This is the first report to document a pathogenic role for A. tubingensis and A. uvarum in dogs.
- Published
- 2013
33. Sinonasal aspergillosis in a British Shorthair cat in the UK
- Author
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Vanessa R. Barrs, Elise Robertson, Alice Tamborini, and Jessica J. Talbot
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,040301 veterinary sciences ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Case Report ,Mucous membrane of nose ,Cribriform plate ,Aspergillosis ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Medicine ,Small Animals ,Nasal Turbinate ,Mycosis ,lcsh:Veterinary medicine ,Debridement ,business.industry ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Anatomy ,medicine.disease ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:SF600-1100 ,Histopathology ,Nasal administration ,business - Abstract
Case summary A 13-year-old, castrated male, British Shorthair cat presented for investigation of chronic, intermittent, bilateral epistaxis and stertor. CT revealed severe asymmetric bilateral intranasal involvement with extensive turbinate lysis, increased soft tissue attenuation and lysis of the sphenopalatine bone and cribriform plate. On retroflexed pharyngoscopy, a plaque-like mass occluded the choanae. Rostral rhinoscopic examination revealed extensive loss of nasal turbinates, necrotic tissue and mucosal fungal plaques in the left nasal cavity. The right nasal cavity was less severely affected. The nasal cavities were debrided extensively of plaques and necrotic tissue. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated on fungal culture, and species identity was confirmed using comparative sequence analysis of the partial β-tubulin gene. On histopathology of nasal biopsies, there was ulcerative lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic rhinitis, and fungal hyphae were identified on nasal mucosa, consistent with a non-invasive mycosis. The cat was treated with oral itraconazole after endoscopic debridement, but signs relapsed 4.5 months from diagnosis. Residual left nasal fungal plaques were again debrided endoscopically and oral posaconazole was administered for 6 months. Fourteen months from diagnosis, the cat remains clinically well with mild intermittent left nasal discharge secondary to atrophic rhinitis. Relevance and novel information This is the first case of rhinoscopically confirmed sinonasal aspergillosis to be diagnosed in a cat in the UK. Endoscopic confirmation of resolution of infection is useful in cases where mild nasal discharge persists after treatment.
- Published
- 2016
34. Discovery of Aspergillus frankstonensis sp. nov. during environmental sampling for animal and human fungal pathogens.
- Author
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Jessica J Talbot, Jos Houbraken, Jens C Frisvad, Robert A Samson, Sarah E Kidd, John Pitt, Sue Lindsay, Julia A Beatty, and Vanessa R Barrs
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) due to species in Aspergillus section Fumigati (ASF), including the Aspergillus viridinutans species complex (AVSC), are increasingly reported in humans and cats. The risk of exposure to these medically important fungi in Australia is unknown. Air and soil was sampled from the domiciles of pet cats diagnosed with these IFI and from a nature reserve in Frankston, Victoria, where Aspergillus viridinutans sensu stricto was discovered in 1954. Of 104 ASF species isolated, 61% were A. fumigatus sensu stricto, 9% were AVSC (A. felis-clade and A. frankstonensis sp. nov.) and 30% were other species (30%). Seven pathogenic ASF species known to cause disease in humans and animals (A. felis-clade, A. fischeri, A. thermomutatus, A. lentulus, A. laciniosus A. fumisynnematus, A. hiratsukae) comprised 25% of isolates overall. AVSC species were only isolated from Frankston soil where they were abundant, suggesting a particular ecological niche. Phylogenetic, morphological and metabolomic analyses of these isolates identified a new species, A. frankstonensis that is phylogenetically distinct from other AVSC species, heterothallic and produces a unique array of extrolites, including the UV spectrum characterized compounds DOLD, RAIMO and CALBO. Shared morphological and physiological characteristics with other AVSC species include slow sporulation, optimal growth at 37°C, no growth at 50°C, and viriditoxin production. Overall, the risk of environmental exposure to pathogenic species in ASF in Australia appears to be high, but there was no evidence of direct environmental exposure to AVSC species in areas where humans and cats cohabitate.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Sinonasal aspergillosis in a British Shorthair cat in the UK
- Author
-
Alice Tamborini, Elise Robertson, Jessica J Talbot, and Vanessa R Barrs
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Case summary A 13-year-old, castrated male, British Shorthair cat presented for investigation of chronic, intermittent, bilateral epistaxis and stertor. CT revealed severe asymmetric bilateral intranasal involvement with extensive turbinate lysis, increased soft tissue attenuation and lysis of the sphenopalatine bone and cribriform plate. On retroflexed pharyngoscopy, a plaque-like mass occluded the choanae. Rostral rhinoscopic examination revealed extensive loss of nasal turbinates, necrotic tissue and mucosal fungal plaques in the left nasal cavity. The right nasal cavity was less severely affected. The nasal cavities were debrided extensively of plaques and necrotic tissue. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated on fungal culture, and species identity was confirmed using comparative sequence analysis of the partial β-tubulin gene. On histopathology of nasal biopsies, there was ulcerative lymphoplasmacytic and neutrophilic rhinitis, and fungal hyphae were identified on nasal mucosa, consistent with a non-invasive mycosis. The cat was treated with oral itraconazole after endoscopic debridement, but signs relapsed 4.5 months from diagnosis. Residual left nasal fungal plaques were again debrided endoscopically and oral posaconazole was administered for 6 months. Fourteen months from diagnosis, the cat remains clinically well with mild intermittent left nasal discharge secondary to atrophic rhinitis. Relevance and novel information This is the first case of rhinoscopically confirmed sinonasal aspergillosis to be diagnosed in a cat in the UK. Endoscopic confirmation of resolution of infection is useful in cases where mild nasal discharge persists after treatment.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Positive and negative touch differentially modulate metacognitive memory judgements for emotional stimuli.
- Author
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Convertino G, Talbot J, Stockner M, Gatti D, Marchetti M, Mitaritonna D, and Mazzoni G
- Abstract
Touch plays a crucial role in providing humans with information from the external environment and can be perceived by humans as positively or negatively valenced. It is well documented that touch can differentially influence social functions, but very little is known about how touch can modulate (meta)cognition. Utilizing a within-subject design, participants were exposed to (a) positive, (b) negative, and (c) no touch, alongside encoding of emotionally valenced (positive and negative) images. After a 20-minute delay, participants completed a Yes/No recognition task to investigate how touch influenced memory-related decision components (e.g. criterion, confidence). Results showed that, compared to the control condition, both positive and negative touch were associated with overall lower confidence ratings, a less liberal response bias and slower response times. Interestingly, for correct recognitions, only negative touch (vs. no touch) led to inappropriately lower confidence and slower response times while both confidence and response time remained unaltered in positive touch. Our findings provide the first evidence that positive and negative touch differentially interact with metacognitive memory-related decisions. Altered metacognitive judgements after being touched could have significant consequences in applied settings, such as situations of eyewitness testimony., (© 2024 The British Psychological Society.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. An exploration of Italian laypeople's belief in how human memory works.
- Author
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Stockner M, Convertino G, Talbot J, Marchetti M, Mitaritonna D, Vicario M, and Mazzoni G
- Abstract
We present the first study to measure the beliefs held by Italian laypeople about how human memory works, using a newly developed tool: the Italian Memory Belief Questionnaire (IMBQ). Research conducted in other countries has demonstrated that beliefs about memory vary widely between different professional and non-professional groups, indicating that limitations exist regarding the dissemination of empirically researched scientific knowledge. To ascertain what Italian people understand about memory-related topics, including eyewitness testimony, repression of traumatic memories and factors influencing memory recall, 301 native Italian participants completed the IMBQ in Study 1. In Study 2, 346 additional participants completed the IMBQ, alongside various additional measures, to examine the construct validity of our new instrument and investigate socio-demographic predictors of memory beliefs. Exploratory factor analysis in Study 1 identified three distinct belief factors that were present in the dataset: eyewitness and memory reliability, trauma and remembering and aspects that improve remembering. Study 2 partially confirmed this factor structure and found IMBQ scores to correlate with existing memory belief questionnaires. Correlations were also found between the IMBQ subscales and measures of fantasy proneness, but not dissociation. In both studies, many Italian laypeople strongly endorsed the notion that controversial topics (i.e., repression) are possible. Contrastingly, Italian laypeople do appear to understand the conceivable inaccuracies of memory in eyewitness settings. Sex, age and education were shown to predict beliefs about memory. Findings are discussed in relation to the importance of addressing misinformation about memory, especially in clinical and forensic settings.
- Published
- 2024
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38. Dimensions of a hyper memory: investigating the factors modulating exceptional retrieval in a single case of highly superior autobiographical memory (HSAM).
- Author
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Talbot J, Gatti D, Boccalari M, Marchetti M, Mitaritonna D, Convertino G, Stockner M, and Mazzoni G
- Subjects
- Humans, Male, Female, Adult, Young Adult, Memory, Episodic, Mental Recall, Emotions physiology
- Abstract
Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) is a rare form of exceptional memory, characterised by an ability to recall personal episodes in response to dates. The single case "DT" is one of less than 100 HSAM individuals globally, and little is known about how these individuals organise the vast number of events they can recollect. We administered 2 novel priming tasks to explore navigation between autobiographical memories. In both tasks, a "prime" date appeared on the screen and DT was instructed to access and begin reliving a specific memory from that date. After 3 s, a "target" date appeared, and DT switched to the new memory. Latencies were recorded. Experiment 1 explored the influence of emotional valence on memory navigation. DT was quicker moving from positive or negative memories to neutral memories, compared to between neutral memories, supporting the role of emotionality in connecting memories in HSAM. Experiment 2 investigated semantic content and mental timeline configuration's role in organisation. DT was faster moving forward (e.g., 1996-1997) than backwards (e.g., 2023-2022), indicating a forwards perception of time. No differences were observed regarding semantic content. Results provide insight into DT's memory dimensions and support the use of this task to explore organisation.
- Published
- 2024
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39. Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM): A Systematic Review.
- Author
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Talbot J, Convertino G, De Marco M, Venneri A, and Mazzoni G
- Abstract
Individuals possessing a Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM) demonstrate an exceptional ability to recall their own past, excelling most when dates from their lifetime are used as retrieval cues. Fully understanding how neurocognitive mechanisms support exceptional memory could lead to benefits in areas of healthcare in which memory plays a central role and in legal fields reliant on witnesses' memories. Predominantly due to the rareness of the phenomenon, existing HSAM literature is highly heterogenous in its methodologies used. Therefore, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we performed the first systematic review on this topic, to collate the existing behavioural, neuroanatomical, and functional HSAM data. Results from the 20 experimental selected studies revealed that HSAM is categorised by rapidly retrieved, detailed and accurate autobiographical memories, and appears to avoid the normal aging process. Functional neuroimaging studies showed HSAM retrieval seems characterised by an intense overactivation of the usual autobiographical memory network, including posterior visual areas (e.g., the precuneus). Structural neuroanatomical differences do not appear to characterise HSAM, but altered hippocampal resting-state connectivity was commonly observed. We discuss theories of HSAM in relation to autobiographical encoding, consolidation, and retrieval, and suggest future directions for this research., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
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40. Stimulating a hyper memory: A single case TMS study on an individual with Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory.
- Author
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Talbot J, Gatti D, Mitaritonna D, Marchetti M, Convertino G, and Mazzoni G
- Subjects
- Brain, Mental Recall, Memory, Episodic
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests.
- Published
- 2022
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41. Socioeconomic Vulnerabilities and Housing Reconstruction in Puerto Rico After Hurricanes Irma and Maria.
- Author
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Talbot J, Poleacovschi C, and Hamideh S
- Abstract
Hurricanes Irma and Maria caused widespread destruction in Puerto Rico in 2017. In the absence of government recovery support and denial of assistance based on ownership, many households have engaged in a process of informal reconstruction. While informal reconstruction can provide an alternate path to recovery, its uncontrolled and unchecked nature carries inherent safety risks and ambiguous legal status. Due to the inherent uncertainties in informal housing and its known consequences, it is important to identify households that may be more likely to engage in informal reconstruction, to promote and support safe building practices and access to resources. This is especially important in a context where informality is often seen as 'inevitable.' Socioeconomic vulnerability is a useful framework to understand these trends as vulnerability can restrict a household's ability to engage with the formal construction sector, encouraging those households to pursue other methods of recovery. This study aims to understand the individual and compounding effects of socioeconomic vulnerabilities on household use of informal reconstruction. Data collection includes household surveys ( N = 305) in the municipalities of Loíza and Yabucoa in Puerto Rico. Results suggest that socioeconomic vulnerabilities work in a compounding manner affecting household decisions to use informal reconstruction; specifically, a compounding effect exists in the combination of the absence of ownership documents and unemployment. Results from this study can inform housing recovery programs to identify households that are more likely to engage in informal housing reconstruction and ensure they receive the right support and resources to promote safe recovery., (© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021.)
- Published
- 2022
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42. Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus is highly prevalent in the environment of Vietnam, with marked variability by land use type.
- Author
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Duong TN, Le TV, Tran KH, Nguyen PT, Nguyen BT, Nguyen TA, Nguyen HP, Nguyen BT, Fisher MC, Rhodes J, Marks G, Fox GJ, Chen SC, Walsh MG, Barrs VR, Talbot J, Halliday CL, Sorrell TC, Day JN, and Beardsley J
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Fungal genetics, Fungal Proteins genetics, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Vietnam, Aspergillus fumigatus, Azoles pharmacology
- Abstract
Azole-resistant environmental Aspergillus fumigatus presents a threat to public health but the extent of this threat in Southeast Asia is poorly described. We conducted environmental surveillance in the Mekong Delta region of Vietnam, collecting air and ground samples across key land-use types, and determined antifungal susceptibilities of Aspergillus section Fumigati (ASF) isolates and azole concentrations in soils. Of 119 ASF isolates, 55% were resistant (or non-wild type) to itraconazole, 65% to posaconazole and 50% to voriconazole. Azole resistance was more frequent in A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolates (95%) than other ASF species (32%). Resistant isolates and agricultural azole residues were overrepresented in samples from cultivated land. cyp51A gene sequence analysis showed 38/56 resistant A. fumigatus sensu stricto isolates carried known resistance mutations, with TR
34 /L98H most frequent (34/38)., (© 2021 Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)- Published
- 2021
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43. Disseminated Scedosporium prolificans infection in a Labrador retriever with immune mediated haemolytic anaemia.
- Author
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Taylor A, Talbot J, Bennett P, Martin P, Makara M, and Barrs VR
- Abstract
Disseminated scedosporiosis is rare in dogs and is usually reported in German Shepherds with suspected heritable immunodeficiency. This is the first report of disseminated scedosporiosis due to Scedosporium prolificans in a Labrador retriever dog that was receiving immunosuppressive drug therapy for treatment of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia. Despite cessation of immunosuppressive medications and an initial response to aggressive treatment with voriconazole and terbinafine the dog developed progressive disease with neurological signs necessitating euthanasia six months from diagnosis.
- Published
- 2014
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44. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a dog associated with Geastrum triplex spores.
- Author
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Whitney J, Beijerink N, Martin P, Talbot J, and Barrs V
- Abstract
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a syndrome reported in humans, and occasionally animals, that results from the inhalation of very small antigenic particles (usually <5 µm) that are able to reach the alveolar space. This is the first report of hypersensitivity pneumonitis in a dog in Australia and the first associated with Geastrum triplex spores. Diagnosis was based on known antigen exposure, physical findings, radiographic signs of interstitial lung disease and molecular identification of Geastrum triplex in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
- Published
- 2013
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45. Comparison of psychosocial correlates in primary school age children with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder- combined type, with and without dysthymic disorder.
- Author
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Harris K, Boots M, Talbot J, and Vance A
- Subjects
- Child, Female, Humans, Male, Parents psychology, Prevalence, Psychology, Severity of Illness Index, Surveys and Questionnaires, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity psychology, Dysthymic Disorder diagnosis, Dysthymic Disorder epidemiology, Dysthymic Disorder psychology, Schools
- Abstract
In this study, standardized assessments of maternal psychopathology, family functioning and marital adjustment were compared between 115 medication naïve, clinically referred primary school age children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder combined type (ADHD-CT) alone and 29 children with comorbid dysthymic disorder (DD) and ADHD-CT. The mothers of children with ADHD-CT and DD reported higher rates of anxiety and depression than those of children with ADHD-CT alone. These results reinforce the need for early recognition of comorbid DD when working with children with ADHD-CT. Increased rates of maternal anxiety and depression in children with ADHD-CT and DD may contribute to the children's symptoms, require specific psychological and/or medication treatments and careful ongoing monitoring of these specific treatments.
- Published
- 2006
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46. Which anxiety disorders may differentiate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type with dysthymic disorder from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type alone?
- Author
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Vance A, Harris K, Boots M, Talbot J, and Karamitsios M
- Subjects
- Anxiety Disorders epidemiology, Anxiety, Separation diagnosis, Anxiety, Separation epidemiology, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity epidemiology, Child, Depressive Disorder, Major diagnosis, Depressive Disorder, Major epidemiology, Diagnosis, Differential, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Dysthymic Disorder epidemiology, Female, Humans, Male, Phobic Disorders diagnosis, Phobic Disorders epidemiology, Severity of Illness Index, Wechsler Scales, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity diagnosis, Dysthymic Disorder diagnosis
- Abstract
Objective: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, combined type (ADHD-CT), dysthymic disorder, and anxiety disorders frequently co-occur in primary school age children, although there have been no published data describing their association. We investigated the association of anxiety, defined from a parent or child perspective, with primary school-age children with ADHD-CT with and without dysthymic disorder., Method: One hundred and forty-six medication naïve children with ADHD-CT were studied. Two groups with and without dysthymic disorder were formed to compare parent and child reports of anxiety, using categorical and continuous measures of anxiety, using logistic regression., Results: Separation anxiety disorder and social phobia were associated with primary school-age children with ADHD-CT and dysthymic disorder, compared to children with ADHD-CT without dysthymic disorder., Conclusions: The recognition of dysthymic disorder and anxiety disorders and their management in primary school-age children with ADHD-CT is generally poorly understood. The identification and elucidation of composite anxiety and depressive phenomena that may be systematically investigated through longitudinal studies of epidemiologically derived samples is needed in this particular group of children.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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