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Objective: To analyze the implementation of the European Strategy on Drugs 2013-2020 on the Spanish Action Plan on Drugs 2017-2020, especially the role of Civil Society Organizations, considering the perceived strengths and proposals for improvement. Methodology: The study was carried out using qualitative methodology. The focus group technique was used, formed by a panel of seven experts working in Civil Society Organizations. For this purpose, a grounded analysis was carried out, the main results of which revolve around a scheme of six themes, made up of sub-themes and codes. The selected themes were, firstly, a general approach; availability, accessibility and quality of interventions; harm reduction; alternative sanctions; research and evaluation; and finally, civil society participation. Results: The participants referred to an adequate design of the National Drug Plan, however, they detected a disconnection with practice in the different thematic areas. Among the points mentioned, the lack of economic resources is perceived as the main obstacle to implementation. Conclusions: The participation of civil society is necessary for the adaptation and implementation of public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]