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Self-sovereign identity (SSI) embodies the fundamental human right to own and control a digital identity that grants access to public, social, and financial services. The absence of a dedicated digital identity layer in the development of the Internet has rendered SSI a significant challenge in contemporary society. Blockchain technology emerges as a promising solution by enabling the creation of decentralized and automatically verifiable identities. This study contextualizes SSI and analyzes how blockchain technology facilitates the autonomous management of digital identities. It explores nine prominent frameworks in this field—Sovrin, uPort, Jolocom, ShoCard, Litentry, Civic, KILT, Idena, and ION—highlighting their features, functionalities, and compliance with digital identity principles. The research concludes by identifying the challenges and opportunities in implementing these systems for digital identity management, thus contributing to the advancement of this emerging field.

Abstract Cellular senescence is a stress response with broad pathophysiological implications. Senotherapies can induce senescence to treat cancer or eliminate senescent cells to ameliorate ageing and age-related pathologies. However, the success of senotherapies is limited by the lack of reliable ways to identify senescence. Here, we use nuclear morphology features of senescent cells to devise machine-learning classifiers that accurately predict senescence induced by diverse stressors in different cell types and tissues. As a proof-of-principle, we use these senescence classifiers to characterise senolytics and to screen for drugs that selectively induce senescence in cancer cells but not normal cells. Moreover, a tissue senescence score served to assess the efficacy of senolytic drugs and identified senescence in mouse models of liver cancer initiation, ageing, and fibrosis, and in patients with fatty liver disease. Thus, senescence classifiers can help to detect pathophysiological senescence and to discover and validate potential senotherapies.

Cellular senescence is a stress response elicited by different molecular insults. Senescence results in cell cycle exit and is characterised by multiple phenotypic changes such as the production of a bioactive secretome. Senescent cells accumulate during ageing and are present in cancerous and fibrotic lesions. Drugs that selectively kill senescent cells (senolytics) have shown great promise for the treatment of age‐related diseases. Senescence plays paradoxical roles in cancer. Induction of senescence limits cancer progression and contributes to therapy success, but lingering senescent cells fuel progression, recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we describe the intricate relation between senescence and cancer. Moreover, we enumerate how current anticancer therapies induce senescence in tumour cells and how senolytic agents could be deployed to complement anticancer therapies. “One‐two punch” therapies aim to first induce senescence in the tumour followed by senolytic treatment to target newly exposed vulnerabilities in senescent tumour cells. “One‐two punch” represents an emerging and promising new strategy in cancer treatment. Future challenges of “one‐two punch” approaches include how to best monitor senescence in cancer patients to effectively survey their efficacy.

El hongo comestible Pleurotus sp. es reconocido como una fuente importante de compuestos biológicamente activos. Sin embargo, su alto contenido de humedad lo hace perecedero. El secado del hongo en harina es una alternativa para agregar valor y extender su vida útil. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar las propiedades fisicoquímicas de Pleurotus sp. y evaluar las propiedades fisicoquímicas, antioxidantes y tecnofuncionales de harinas obtenidas por aire caliente a 50 y 60ºC. Los resultados muestran que el secado a 60°C redujo el tiempo de operación en un 11% en comparación con el secado a 50°C. Asimismo, la harina obtenida a 60ºC presentó mayor capacidad de hinchamiento (6,88 ± 0,25mg/L) y menor humedad (7,62 ± 0,95%); sin embargo, no hubo cambios significativos en el contenido de fenoles. El color final de la harina varió respecto al de las setas frescas, con valores de ΔE entre 25,60-27,79. La harina de hongos se puede utilizar en el desarrollo de productos de panadería funcionales; así, el secado a 60ºC permite la producción de harina de Pleurotus sp. con propiedades fisicoquímicas y tecnofuncionales apta para productos alimenticios, como pan, pasteles o glaseados.

Background: Recommender systems are one of the most widely used technologies by electronic businesses and internet applications as part of their strategies to improve customer experiences and boost sales. Recommender systems aim to suggest content based on its characteristics and on user preferences. The best recommender systems are able to deliver recommendations in the shortest possible time and with the least possible number of errors, which is challenging when working with large volumes of data. Method: This article presents a novel technique to optimize recommender systems using particle swarm algorithms. The objective of the selected genetic algorithm is to find the best hyperparameters that minimize the difference between the expected values and those obtained by the recommender system. Results: The algorithm demonstrates viability given the results obtained, highlighting its simple implementation and the minimal and easily attainable computational resources necessary for its execution. Conclusions: It was possible to develop an algorithm using the most convenient properties of particle swarms in order to optimize recommender systems, thus achieving the ideal behavior for its implementation in the proposed scenario.

Derivatives of 3,9-dimethoxypterocarpan (1, homopterocarpin) were prepared by nitration, amination, and oxidation reactions, among others, and their antifungal activity was evaluated against the phytopathogenic fungi Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. lindemuthianum. Derivatives were purified by chromatographic techniques and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Eight derivatives were obtained from 1 corresponding to 3,9-dimethoxy-8-nitropterocarpan (2), 3,9-dimethoxy-2,8-dinitropterocarpan (3), 3,9-dimethoxy-2,8,10-trinitropterocarpan (4), 2,8-diamino-3,9-dimethoxypterocarpan (5), 3,9-dimethylcoumestan (6), medicarpin (7), 2′-hydroxy-4-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)-7,4′-dimethoxyisoflavan (8), and 4-(2-hydroxyethylsulfanyl)-7,2′,4′-trimethoxyisoflavan (9). The in vitro antifungal activity of the derivatives was determined at concentrations between 35 and 704 μM. Compounds 7 and 8 at 704 μM, showed an inhibition of radial growth and spore germination close to 100%, exceeding that found for the starting compound 1, which was 46%. Growth inhibition assays were also performed for the derivative 8 on papaya fruits (Carica papaya L. cv. Hawaiana) and mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Hilacha) infected with C. gloeosporioides. Compound 8 showed fungal growth inhibition in fruits higher than that found for 1 and thymol (a recognized natural antifungal), under the same conditions. In general, derivatives that exhibited greater antifungal activity correspond to the compounds containing hydroxyl groups in the structure. Some of the compounds obtained could be considered promising for the control of phytopathogenic fungi.

The field of artificial intelligence is currently experiencing relentless growth, with innumerable models emerging in the research and development phases across various fields, including science, finance, and engineering. In this work, the authors review a large number of learning techniques aimed at project management. The analysis is largely focused on hybrid systems, which present computational models of blended learning techniques. At present, these models are at a very early stage and major efforts in terms of development is required within the scientific community. In addition, we provide a classification of all the areas within project management and the learning techniques that are used in each, presenting a brief study of the different artificial intelligence techniques used today and the areas of project management in which agents are being applied. This work should serve as a starting point for researchers who wish to work in the exciting world of artificial intelligence in relation to project leadership and management.

Research examining Service-Learning (SL) in Physical Education Teacher Education (PETE) is ample. However, long-term investigations are still scarce and literature demands the application of this type of design to uncover the effects of SL on the long run. This study followed a longitudinal quantitative approach; thus, the participants completed the Civic Attitudes and Skills Questionnaire (CASQ) in three occasions (pretest-postest1-postest2). Results show that there exist significant differences between mean values of the global outcomes of the CASQ; concretely, there was an improvement in the first interval followed by a decrease in the second period. Regarding the different dimensions of the CASQ, leadership skills, attitudes towards social justice and attitudes towards diversity showed significant differences too. This research leads towards better understanding of methodological strategies promoting quality education, positing SL as an adequate possibility in this respect, also in the long term.

Leishmaniasis, trypanosomiasis, and malaria are a group of neglected tropical diseases present in tropical regions and they affect large numbers of people in developing countries. A series of thirteen coumaro-chalcones (A1-A13) were synthesized under solvent-free conditions and their in vitro anti-leishmanial, anti-plasmodial, anti-trypanosomal and cytotoxic activities were evaluated. One of these coumaro-chalcones, 3-[(2E)-3-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (A12), is a new compound. Compounds 3-[(2E)-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (A5), 3-[(2E)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (A2) and 3-[(2E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (A1) displayed strong inhibition against intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania panamensis with EC50 of 2.1 ± 0.1, 2.5 ± 0.2 and 3.7 ± 0.5 μM, respectively. In addition, Plasmodium falciparum was moderately inhibited by the coumarin-chalcone hybrids, particularly A12 (EC50: 15.0 ± 0.5 μM) and 3-[(2E)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)prop-2-enoyl]-2H-chromen-2-one (A13) (EC50: 15.2 ± 1.1 μM). Remarkably, the coumaro-chalcone A5 (EC50: 18.7 ± 2.4 μM) exhibited an inhibition of the Trypanosoma cruzi intracellular amastigotes similar to the commercial drug Benznidazole (EC50: 14.5 ± 0.1 μM). These results support the therapeutic potential of coumaro-chalcone hybrids.

Feral animals are those that live in the wild but are descendants of domesticated populations. Although, in many cases, these feral populations imply a demonstrable risk to the ecosystems in which they live and may conflict with local wild species and human activities, there are feral populations that are considered worth preserving and, in some cases, they already enjoy protection by interest groups and even public authorities. In this review, we aim to identify valuable populations using three criteria: (a) Genetic conservation value (for instance, if the wild ancestor is extinct), (b) the niche occupancy criterion and, finally, (c) a cultural criterion. We propose a detailed analysis of feral populations under scrutiny, supporting control measures when necessary, but also allowing for international protection at the same level as wild animals for feral taxa of special concern. Feral taxa, which are already in the focus of conservation efforts, and should be awarded extended recognition and protection, mainly include ancient lineages with relevant genetic or cultural importance.

Isoflavonoid phytoalexins (isoflavones: genistein, 2′-hydroxygenistein, and daidzein; isoflavanones: dalbergioidin and kievitone; coumestrol; pterocarpans: phaseollidin and phaseollin; and the isoflavan: phaseollinisoflavan) production in response to the application of eleven 1-oxo-indane-4-carboxylic acid derivatives (indanoyl esters and indanoyl amino acids conjugates), in cotyledons and hypocotyl/root of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars was evaluated. The content of isoflavonoids depended on the cultivar, the treated tissue, the time after induction, the structure and concentration of the elicitor. The highest isoflavonoid contents were found when 1-oxo-indanoyl-amino acids conjugates were used as elicitors. Cotyledons and hypocotyl/root of the anthracnose-resistant cultivar produced significantly higher isoflavonoid contents as compared to the susceptible one. Maximum levels of phaseollin were obtained using 0.66 mM 1-oxo-indanoyl-l-isoleucyl methyl ester and between 72 and 96 h post-induction. So, 1-oxo-indane-4-carboxylic acid derivatives, may be used to enhance the amount of isoflavonoid phytoalexins in common bean and protect crops from phytopathogenic microorganisms.

Metabolism and in vitro fungitoxicity of perinaphthenone against three economically important fungi of the citrus, Botryodiplodia spp., Botrytis spp. and Fusarium spp. were investigated. Perinaphthenone exhibited significant antifungal activity at 62.5 μM and above. Even, the inhibitory effect against Fusarium spp. was significantly enhanced by exposure to direct light. In addition, the metabolism of perinaphthenone by the three fungi was studied. Results show that perinaphthenone was transformed almost completely during the first 24 h; two major products, whose concentration increased progressively during the twelve days of the test, were isolated and identified as 2,3-dihydro-1H-phenalen-1-ol and 2,3-dihydro-phenalen-1-one. Although both metabolic products displayed a considerable fungistatic effect, their slightly lower activities in comparison to perinaphthenone indicate that the transformation was a detoxification process. Studies on the relationship between the effect of some substituents in the perinaphthenone core and the mycelial growth inhibition of Botryodiplodia spp. were also carried out. Results show that the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system is an important structural requirement but not the only to be necessary for the strong antifungal activity of perinaphthenone. In general, the antifungal properties of perinaphthenone may be modulated through the incorporation of substituents in the naphthalene core or in the α, β-unsaturated carbonyl system. It is concluded that perinaphthenone could be used as an antifungal agent or as a structural template for the development of new fungicide compounds.

Eleven indanoyl derivatives were synthesized and, along with methyl jasmonate, evaluated as isoflavonoid-phytoalexin elicitors in two cultivars of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cvs. ICA-Cerinza and Uribe Rosado, tolerant and susceptible to anthracnose, respectively). Indanoyl derivatives (an ester, two amides, and eight indanoyl-amino acid conjugates) were obtained from 1-oxo-indane-4-carboxylic acid. In general, the accumulation of isoflavonoid-type phytoalexins, such as isoflavones (genistein, daidzein, and 2′-hydroxygenistein), isoflavanones (dalbergioidin and kievitone), isoflavan (phaseollinisoflavan), coumestrol, and pterocarpans (phaseollidin and phaseollin), was dependent on the common bean cultivar, the post-induction time, and the elicitor structure. Isoflavones, dalbergioidin, and coumestrol reached their highest amounts during the first 48 to 72 h, whereas kievitone, phaseollinisoflavano, and the pterocarpans reached maximum levels between 72 and 96 h. The 1-oxo-indanoyl-L-isoleucine methyl ester elicited the highest levels of phytoalexins (similar to those elicited by the methyl jasmonate) and showed no significant phytotoxic effects on common bean seedlings. The indanoyl-type synthetic elicitor, 1-oxo-indanoyl-L-isoleucine methyl ester, may represent a promising agronomic alternative for disease control in common bean by enhancing the accumulation of antimicrobial isoflavonoid phytoalexins.

Anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Penz. & Sacc., is the most limiting fungal disease of mango and papaya crops in Colombia. The in vivo and in vitro activity against C. gloeosporioides of the extracts from sawdust of Brosimum rubescens Taub. (Moraceae) was evaluated. The extracts of less polarity (n-hexane and dichloromethane) displayed the greatest inhibitory effects. Then, the coumarins xanthyletin (2.74 % d.w.) and 7-demethylsuberosin (2.19 % d.w.) were isolated from these extracts. The compound 7-demethylsuberosin displayed a strong in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity. Furthermore, the metabolism of 7-demethylsuberosin by the fungus C. gloeosporioides was analyzed. The fungus slowly detoxified 7-demethylsuberosin to marmesin and decursinol. Therefore, the high antifungal activity and low level of detoxification make 7-demethylsuberosin, and the extracts that contain it, promising candidates for controlling C. gloeosporioides. Sawdust of B. rubescens may be considered a valuable source of extracts and coumarins with antifungal activity. Keywords: B. rubescens, Moraceae, 7-Demethylsuberosin, Fungistatic action, Metabolism

During embryo development, cell fitness determines survival but how this is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors show that in early embryonic development and stem cells exiting the naive state, cells sense the fitness of their neighbours and trigger p53 to repress mTOR to eliminate a third of cells.

Abstract Background Genomic and proteomic analysis are potent tools for metabolic characterization of microorganisms. Although cellulose usually triggers cellulase production in cellulolytic fungi, the secretion of the different enzymes involved in polymer conversion is subjected to different factors, depending on growth conditions. These enzymes are key factors in biomass exploitation for second generation bioethanol production. Although highly effective commercial cocktails are available, they are usually deficient for β-glucosidase activity, and genera like Penicillium and Talaromyces are being explored for its production. Results This article presents the description of Talaromyces amestolkiae as a cellulase-producer fungus that secretes high levels of β-glucosidase. β-1,4-endoglucanase, exoglucanase, and β-glucosidase activities were quantified in the presence of different carbon sources. Although the two first activities were only induced with cellulosic substrates, β-glucosidase levels were similar in all carbon sources tested. Sequencing and analysis of the genome of this fungus revealed multiple genes encoding β-glucosidases. Extracellular proteome analysis showed different induction patterns. In all conditions assayed, glycosyl hydrolases were the most abundant proteins in the supernatants, albeit the ratio of the diverse enzymes from this family depended on the carbon source. At least two different β-glucosidases have been identified in this work: one is induced by cellulose and the other one is carbon source-independent. The crudes induced by Avicel and glucose were independently used as supplements for saccharification of slurry from acid-catalyzed steam-exploded wheat straw, obtaining the highest yields of fermentable glucose using crudes induced by cellulose. Conclusions The genome of T. amestolkiae contains several genes encoding β-glucosidases and the fungus secretes high levels of this activity, regardless of the carbon source availability, although its production is repressed by glucose. Two main different β-glucosidases have been identified from proteomic shotgun analysis. One of them is produced under different carbon sources, while the other is induced in cellulosic substrates and is a good supplement to Celluclast in saccharification of pretreated wheat straw.

The present work analyses the chromatographic profile of the peels from fruits of different citrus cultivated in Colombia: sweet orange (Citrus sinensis [L.] Osbeck var. Valencia), mandarins (Citrus reticulata L. var. Arrayana and Oneco), Key lime (Citrus aurantifolia [Christ.] Swingle var. Pajarito), Mandarine lime (Citrus x limonia, a hybrid between Citrus reticulata and Citrus x limon) and Tahitian lime (C. latifolia Tanaka, syn. Persian lime). Coumarins, furanocoumarins and polymethoxylated flavones are the major compounds. Then, six coumarins were isolated and identified from fruits of Tahitian and Key lime corresponding to 5-geranyloxy-7-methoxycoumarin; 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin (syn. limettin); 5,8-dimethoxypsoralen (syn. isopimpinellin); 5-methoxypsoralen (syn. bergaptene); 5-geranoxypsoralen (syn. bergamottin) and 5-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy) psoralen (syn. oxypeucedanin hydrate). Coumarins and furanocoumarins were quantified by liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Results show that the prenylated compounds were present in high concentrations in Tahitian and Key lime but in very low amounts in mandarins and sweet orange. Subsequently, the antifungal activity (inhibition of mycelial growth and germination of spores) of the coumarins against the fungus causing the anthracnose, Colletotrichum sp. (isolated from aerial parts of Tahitian lime) was determined. The compounds limettin and bergaptene, as well as mixtures of them, showed significant inhibitory effect (radial growth and spore germination) when compared to the control. Finally, the effect of some recognized elicitors to induce the coumarin production in fruits of C. latifolia was evaluated. The results showed that the chemical profiles are dependent on the applied elicitor and the post-induction time. As a result of the induction, a high concentration of some coumarins and furanocoumarins was maintained in the course of time for the Tahitian lime. In conclusion, isolated coumarins could be involved in the defense mechanisms of C. latifolia, C. aurantifolia and C. limonia and their accumulation may be modulated by the application of elicitors.

El propóleos es una resina colectada por las abejas Apis mellifera de especies botánicas, próximas a los apiarios. Este material resinoso es ampliamente reconocido por sus propiedades antimicrobianas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la actividad antifúngica in vitro de los extractos etanólicos de propóleos (EEP), obtenidos a partir de muestras provenientes de apiarios experimentales de investigación, ubicados en la región del Bajo Cauca antioqueño, sobre dos hongos filamentosos, Botryodiplodia theobromae y Fusarium oxysporum y un hongo levaduriforme, Candida albicans El propóleos fue recolectado por los métodos de malla y de raspado, durante diferentes periodos del año. Mediante la técnica de macrodilución en caldo, se evaluaron seis dosis de EEP, en un rango de156 a 5000µgmL-1 y se determinó la concentración que inhibió el 80 y el 50% del crecimiento del hongo. Los resultados indican que el método de recolección del propóleos presentó diferencias significativas con respecto al crecimiento de C albicans y no para B theobromae y F oxysporum Las CMI80 estuvieron entre 1211 a 4050µgmL-1, 1567 a 5016µgmL-1 y 1529 a 3568µgmL-1 para B theobromae, F oxysporum y C albicans, respectivamente. En conclusión, los extractos evaluados exhibieron un actividad inhibitoria del crecimiento moderada, en comparación con el control y el hongo levaduriforme, C albicans presentó la mayor sensibilidad frente a los EEP analizados. Adicionalmente, el método de recolección del propóleos solo presentó diferencias significativas respecto a la concentración mínima inhibitoria, encontrada para C albicans.

This article aims to design and validate an instrument that measures the social entrepreneurship of a group of university students participating in service-learning programmes in the field of Physical Education. Firstly, a literature review was carried out to determine the characteristics that define the social entrepreneur, to latterly develop an initial questionnaire that assessed these traits. After that, a logical review was undertaken, submitting the aforesaid questionnaire to various experts. Following a thorough screening process, the pilot questionnaire on which the empirical review was carried was defined and the questionnaire was applied amongst a sample of 188 subjects. The results of the logical review highlighted the quality, relevance and understanding of the selected items, with only 2 of the 19 characteristics of social entrepreneurship proposed being eventually discarded. The results of the empirical review gave a positive record, highlighting a total average of 3.82 points out of a possible 5. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was evident as it obtained a score of 0.809 on Cronbach’s alpha, which suggest the inner strength of the questionnaire. In regard to factor analysis, the items were grouped into three broad categories, an issue which despite not coinciding fully with the initial approach, did not vary greatly. Thus, we conclude that the elaborated tool fulfilled its initial objective, and was still valid to measure social entrepreneurship. Its usefulness is based on the importance of promoting this competency within any field, especially in the educational domain.

This paper analyzes the way in which the State, through its agricultural policies, has influenced the changes and current characteristics of agriculture in the rural municipality of Ixtlán, Michoacán. It also discusses how the policies towards the Mexican countryside have been the architects in the transformation of rural life and, in turn, how these transformations were crucial to have established a phenomenon that now has implications in all areas of the life of the inhabitants of rural localities studied, such as the migration (which today is characterized by its high intensity) to United States. It would be difficult to understand the agricultural and migration dynamics in the region of study, but the policies are studied to the Mexican countryside that the State promoted since land distribution occurred, hence the importance of analysis. Township studio, located in the western region of Michoacán or, more precisely in the Michoacán Ciénega of Chapala is within this strategic regional enclave from where President Lazaro Cardenas initiated the agrarian distribution. Hence in this region after taking the long-awaited deal was also a place where he was promoted and boosted agricultural modernization with the strategies of the "green revolution". Both land distribution and agricultural modernization have been two moments or key events in the history of the town of Ixtlán that are taken in this work and we help to understand the productive dynamics of the region, but also migration and evolution.

Propolis is a natural antimicrobial that can be used asa bioadditive in coatings to control fruit quality losses. The effectof two coatings was evaluated, a control (chitosan, 1%) and atreatment (chitosan, 1%; containing propolisethanolic extract, 5%),on the microbiological and physicochemical properties of papayafruits. The chemical profile of the propolis revealed the presenceof fatty acids and their esters, carbohydrates, diterpenic acids,and pentacyclic triterpenes. The fruits covered with the treatmentdemonstrated a reduced deterioration index and infection diameterof the fungus Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, as compared tothe control papayas, postponing the appearance of damage bytwo days. Additionally, the treatment did not significantly affectthe physicochemical properties of the papaya, as compared tothe control. In conclusion, the coating formulated with propolisexhibited an in situ fungicidal and bactericidal effect withoutaltering the physiological changes of the papaya fruit duringstorage.

En este artículo se discuten aspectos relativos a los modelos de producción agrícola que se han puesto en práctica en México. Se hace un recorrido por las políticas agrarias creadas desde los años cuarenta, poniendo énfasis en los costos sociales y ecológicos que han tenido, particularmente desde los ochenta. Se discuten temas que se vinculan con la llamada agricultura moderna y tradicional, aspectos relativos a la relación sociedad-naturaleza, las críticas hacia el modelo de desarrollo rural moderno y las diversas alternativas que han creado grupos y comunidades para contrarrestar los efectos negativos de las políticas hacia el campo y la modernización agrícola.

Objetivo: Comprobar la eficacia de un programa para la mejora de la adherencia en pacientes hipertensos de reciente diagnóstico. Diseño: Estudio cuasi-experimental. Emplazamiento: Cuatro Centros de Atención Primaria de la provincia de Almería. Participantes: Ciento veinte sujetos entre 18 y 65 años que habían sido diagnosticados como hipertensos en un periodo inferior a 12 meses. Mediciones principales: Los participantes fueron divididos en tres grupos: grupo de intervención A que recibió una instrucción educativa, grupo de intervención B que recibió la instrucción educativa y un procedimiento de feedback; y grupo control C que recibió el tratamiento habitual. La adherencia se determinó en función del estilo de vida (patrones de alimentación, actividad física, tabaco, alcohol) y tratamiento farmacológico. Resultados: En el caso de la alimentación y actividad física, tras la intervención se observaron diferencias significativas entre los grupos de actuación (p

El estudio explora el contraste intergeneracional entre valores personales en estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería y su ajuste a las predicciones de la teoría del cambio de valores. La muestra estuvo formada por 369 estudiantes y profesionales de enfermería distri- buidos en tres grupos: estudiantes (n = 150), profesionales menores de 40 años (n = 114), y profesionales entre 41 y 60 años (n = 105). Los participantes informaron de sus valores en orden de prioridad en un cuestionario abierto. Los informes se organizaron en categorías de valores para analizar las diferencias entre grupos. Se encuentran dos tendencias en el informe de valores personales, que se ajustan en algunos casos a lo predicho por la teoría del cambio de valores y, en otros casos, la contradicen. Se discute la importancia de estos hallazgos y la necesidad de potenciar una formación orientada hacia los valores de la profesión de enfermería. El estudio contribuye al conocimiento del cambio de valores personales en profesionales de enfermería.

El presente estudio analiza el desarrollo académico, cultural, participativo y de identidad de la puesta en práctica de un programa de Aprendizaje - servicio (APS) con estudiantes de maestro de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón. A través de una in tervención con niños con Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH) se recogieron datos mediante reflexiones grupales escritas, se codificaron mediante el programa ATLAS.ti y se llevó a cabo un análisis de contenido categorial, tomando com o referencia el model propuesto por Butin (2003). Los principales logros del programa se recogen en los aprendizajes adquiridos de carácter técnico, cultural y de identidad mientras que las limitaciones se encuentran en aquellos cambios sobre la participac ión social.

Este trabajo recoge un estudio sobre la aplicación del Aprendizaje-Servicio (APS) en el área de Educación Física del Grado de Maestro de Educación Infantil. Concretamente, emplea las Historias de Vida como herramienta de investigación cualitativa para conocer el perfil básico del alumnado, así como para profundizar sobre el desarrollo de habilidades sociales y valores ético-cívicos. El trabajo muestra así la adecuación de las Historias Vida como herramienta para valorar la influencia del APS en el alumnado, en tanto que los resultados obtenidos permiten conocer y ahondar sobre determinados rasgos de su personalidad, su contexto familiar y profesional, y los aprendizajes y desarrollo personal. Las conclusiones obtenidas indican finalmente que el APS pone en juego habilidades socialesy valores en el alumnado participante, poniéndose así de manifiesto la idoneidad de las Historias de Vida como herramienta de investigación en este campo.

Rationale: Guacamole is a sauce or dressing composed of avocado pulp and other ingredients. Guacamole powder is an important advancement in the generation of added value for the avocado production chain, as it is an alternative product with the potential to be used by end consumers. Aims: The aim of this study was to standardize the spray drying process for guacamole powder using the response surface methodology. Methods: Four independent variables were taken into account for the experiment design: atomizing disk speed (ADS), air inlet temperature (AIT), air outlet temperature (AOT) and vacuum pressure (VP). In addition, the following dependent variables were considered: water activity (aw), moisture (Xw), solubility (S), hygroscopicity (H), color (L*, a* and b*), extractable oil content (EO), peroxide index (PI) and particle size (D10, D50 and D90). Likewise, the following two dependent variables associated with the process were identified: yield (Y) and deposit formation (DF). Results: The best conditions for the process were obtained with ADS = 27451 rpm, AIT = 168ºC, AOT = 90ºC and VP = 1.77 ″H2O. These conditions yielded guacamole powder with the desired properties, namely: maximum Y, S, L*, b*, EO and minimal DF, aw, Xw, H, a*, PI, D10, D50, D90. Conclusions: The spray drying process is an effective technology that provides added value to avocado, the ADS being the independent variable that has the greatest impact on the quality of powdered guacamole.

El desarrollo de la “Personalidad Eficaz”, entendido como constructo en el que se relacionan los rasgos de la personalidad con la conducta eficaz en contextos profesionales o académicos, se postula como una de las metas de la formación universitaria del s. XXI. En esta línea, el Aprendizaje-servicio (ApS) es un método pedagógico que podría satisfacer estas necesidades al centrarse en la aplicación de competencias académicas en contextos reales. El presente trabajo, planteado desde un enfoque mixto de investigación, emerge con el objetivo de conocer si el ApS contribuye al desarrollo de la “Personalidad Eficaz” en estudiantes de magisterio del área de Educación Física. El estudio que se presenta se concretó en la Universitat Jaume I (España) y analiza el resultado de un programa de ApS sobre un grupo de estudiantes de segundo curso del Grado de Magisterio. Del análisis cuantitativo se concluye la existencia de diferencias significativas, a favor del grupo experimental, en los resultados globales del Test de Personalidad Eficaz para Universitarios. Por otra parte, el enfoque cualitativo del estudio se alinea y complementa los resultados cuantitativos, favoreciendo una mejor y más contextualizada comprensión de los mismos.

Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) is currently considered a main vegetable food in the markets due to its high nutritional value, containing elevated levels of phytochemicals widely described to have beneficial effects against cancer and other illnesses. Broccoli is an interesting crop with a high commercial value because it complements the tomato industry, the main agricultural income in Badajoz, Spain. Nine varieties of broccoli from four nurseries were evaluated by analyzing both agronomic and quality parameters. Total yield and number of harvests were monitored. Parameters defining quality like diameter, weight, and height of the heads were determined. Granulometry, compactness, and the presence of internal leaves in the heads were also analyzed. Diameter and height of sprouts were complementarily estimated. Principal component analysis was further employed to investigate the relationship between the agronomic variables and the cultivars and nurseries. Results revealed that both first and second principal components explained more than 75% of the variance and grouped data according their cultivar and commercial origin. Additionally, correlations between the scores of those components and the values of the phenotypic parameters suggested that head weights are main determinants of the phenotypic differences observed among the cultivars whereas the presence of internal leaves and granulometry and head weight appear to be key traits defining nurseries.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación original desarrollada con alumnado de la asignatura Juegos motrices del grado de Maestro/a Infantil de la Universitat Jaume I, en la que se ha utilizado la metodología del aprendizaje-servicio (APS). Se ha prestado un servicio directo a niños y niñas con diversidad funcional. Se han utilizado las historias de vida como herramienta de investigación para determinar si se han desarrollado habilidades prácticas y contenidos académicos en el ámbito de la enseñanza de la educación física (EF). Asimismo, se ha pretendido verificar si el uso del APS sirve para promover la capacidad crítica y reflexiva del alumnado. Tras el análisis de las entrevistas se obtuvieron cuatro categorías de resultados de ámbito académico: aspectos genéricos, aprendizajes de la práctica docente, efectos beneficiosos de la función docente y opiniones y críticas constructivas. Finalmente, concluimos que los programas formativos de APS son útiles para el desarrollo de habilidades prácticas y contenidos académicos en el ámbito de la EF, así como para fomentar la actitud crítica y reflexiva del alumnado.

One objective of precision agriculture is to provide accurate information about soil and crop properties to optimize the management of agricultural inputs to meet site-specific needs. This paper describes the development of a sensor equipped with RTK-GPS technology that continuously and efficiently measures soil cutting resistance at various depths while traversing the field. Laboratory and preliminary field tests verified the accuracy of this prototype soil strength sensor. The data obtained using a hand-operated soil cone penetrometer was used to evaluate this field soil compaction depth profile sensor. To date, this sensor has only been tested in one field under one gravimetric water content condition. This field test revealed that the relationships between the soil strength profile sensor (SSPS) cutting force and soil cone index values are assumed to be quadratic for the various depths considered: 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm (r2 = 0.58, 0.45 and 0.54, respectively). Soil resistance contour maps illustrated its practical value. The developed sensor provides accurate, timely and affordable information on soil properties to optimize resources and improve agricultural economy.

Variations in sinkage and cone index are of crucial importance when planning fieldwork, and for determining the trafficability of farm machinery. Many studies have highlighted the link between higher values of these parameters and dramatic decreases in crop yield. Variations in the dry bulk density and cone index of clayey soil in Southern Spain were measured following each of five successive passes over the same land with the three types of tractor most widely used in the area (tracked, two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive). In addition, sinkage (rut depth) of the running gear was measured using a laser microrelief profile meter. This device, which integrates three sensors, was specifically designed for these experiments, as was an electrical penetrometer to determine the cone index, and both instruments proved reliable and accurate in the field. The main goal of this study was to design, manufacture and test these new devices. The first pass caused most soil alteration when compared to successive passes for all types of tractor tested and soil conditions prevailing during the tests. (Heavier) four-wheel drive tractors were found to cause greater soil damage (sinkage, cone index and dry bulk density) than two-wheel drive and track tractors. There was no statistically significant difference between the two latter types. The greatest alterations were recorded in the top 10 cm of the soil. The results show that soil compaction should be avoided as much as possible. This can be achieved by ensuring that tractors always travel along the same tracks, especially in the wet season. At present these aspects are not considered by farmers in this area.

Objetivo. Determinar las características fisicoquímicas y la actividad antimicrobiana de propóleos de Apis mellifera, provenientes del municipio de Caldas, obtenidos por dos métodos de recolección. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron dos métodos de recolección: de raspado y trampa plastica. Se estableció el contenido de cera, ceniza, material insoluble y resina de los propóleos crudos. Al extracto etanólico de los propóleos se les determinó el perfil cromatográfico (GC-MS) y el espectro UV; además, se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro frente a hongos (Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Colletotrichum acutatum y C. gloesporioides), y bacterias (Salmonella tiphy, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus y Escherichia coli). Resultados. El material obtenido mediante malla matrizada presentó un perfil químico amplio, buena actividad antimicrobiana y mejores parámetros de calidad, de acuerdo con estándares establecidos por normas internacionales que los propóleos obtenidos por el método de raspado. Además, pudo observarse que la acción antimicrobiana de los propóleos fue dependiente de la concentración del extracto y del hongo o bacteria evaluada. Conclusiones. La composición química y la actividad antibacteriana y antifúngica de los propóleos están relacionadas con el método de recolección. El presente estudio aporta información para la selección de la técnica de cosecha del propóleo de acuerdo con la aplicación que se desee dar.

Se realizó una comparación de las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los propóleos recolectados en los municipios de Galapa, Sabanalarga, Santo Tomás y Juan de Acosta, del departamento del Atlántico (Colombia). Adicionalmente, se estableció la actividad antioxidante in vitro de los extractos etanólicos de propóleos (EEP), mediante las técnicas de DPPH, ABTS, FRAP y ORAC. El análisis fisicoquímico de los propóleos mostró valores de 8,48 - 24,21%, 1,77 - 6,07%, 55,57 - 77,93%, 5,74 - 11,69% y 0,35 - 3,86%, para el EEP, ceras, insolubles, humedad y cenizas, respectivamente. La determinación para los fenoles totales, se encuentra entre 63,72 y 94,55mg, de ácido gálico/g de muestra. Las absorbancias específicas de los EEP estuvieron dentro del rango de 26 a 96 y el contenido de flavonoides totales mostró valores entre 1,90 y 3,36mg, de quercetina/g de muestra. De los extractos, el que presentó mayor capacidad antioxidante fue el propóleos, recolectado en el municipio de Galapa, con los siguientes valores DPPH: 190,41 TEAC (µmol/g), ABTS: 1918,41 TEAC (µmol/g) y FRAP: 321,27 AEAC (µmol/g) y el segundo valor más alto en ORAC (1964,80 µmol Trolox/g de propóleos). Los resultados obtenidos indican que los propóleos estudiados presentaron variación en las propiedades fisicoquímicas. Los valores de algunos de los parámetros fisicoquímicos estimados no cumplieron con las normativas de calidad establecidas internacionalmente; no obstante, los extractos etanólicos de propóleos evaluados presentaron un alto contenido de fenoles, los cuales, están relacionados con las propiedades antioxidantes encontradas experimentalmente.A comparison of the physicochemical properties of the propolis collected in the Galapa, Sabanalarga, Santo Tomás and Juan de Acosta's municipalities of the Atlantic department (Colombia) was made. Additionally, the in vitros antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts of propolis (EEP) through the DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and ORAC methods was established. The physicochemical analysis of propolis indicated values between 8.48 - 24.21%, 1.77 - 6.07%, 55.57 - 77.93%, 5.74 - 11.69% and 0.35 - 3.86%, for EEP, waxes, insoluble residues, humidity and ashes respectively. The determination for the total phenolic content was between 63.72 and 94.55mg of gallic acid/g of sample. The EEP's specific absorbance ranged from 26 to 96 and the total flavonoid content showed values between 1.90 and 3.36mg of quercetin/g of sample. The extract that showed the highest antioxidant capacity was the propolis collected in the municipality of Galapa with the following values, DPPH: 190,41 TEAC (µmol/g), ABTS: 1918,41 TEAC (µmol/g), FRAP: 321,27 AEAC (µmol/g), and the second highest value in ORAC (1964,80 µmol TROLOX/g of propolis). The results obtained indicated that the propolis studied showed a variation in its physicochemical properties. Some of the estimated physicochemical parameter values did not fulfill the established international quality regulations. Nevertheless, the ethanol extracts of the evaluated propolis presented a high content of phenols, related with the antioxidant properties found experimentally.

The antioxidant activity of isoespintanol (1) hemisynthetic analogues, 4-bromo-2- isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-5-methylphenol (2) and 3-isopropyl-6-methylbenzene- 1,2,4-triol (3), was evaluated using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP assays. Partial rationalization of the results is provided in terms of quantum chemical calculations of bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) and ionization potential (IP).

Abstract Introduction and Objectives. Anthropometric study of university population, comprising men and women college athletes participating in the Championships of Spain's 2008 College basketball and football. The aim of this study is to describe the body composition of male and female college athletes in football and basketball specialties Methods. This is a cross-sectional study with direct anthropometric measurements. These have been obtained by following the rules and techniques recommended by the International Group of Cineantropometry. Results. The college athletes generally have a higher percentage of muscle weight and fat mass and bone weight lower percentage of male college athletes. The male basketball players have a higher percentage of fat mass and bone weight and lower percentage of muscle weight in football players. mong women, we found that basketball players have a higher percentage of bone weight and lower percentage of fat mass and muscle mass than soccer players. Conclusions. The competitive level of body composition changes substantially, primarily among females. It is important to have data on body composition at the college level. Keywords: Body Composition, Fat Mass, Muscle Mass, Weight Bone, Anthropometry.

Hasta la mediados de la decáda de 1990, la ausencia de entrerramientos Uruk (IV milenio a.C.) fue una constante entre el registro arqueológico de Mesopotamia. El descubrimiento de nuevas tumbas en contextos Uruk o Tardo Calcolíticos (LC) del Norte del Éufrates y Tigris arrojaron nueva luz sobre la problemática. En concreto, la zona de Biredyik- Karkemish ha proporcionado un nuevo y amplio espectro antropólogico del Bronce Antiguo (BA) 1, período inmediato posterior a Uruk. Proporcionalmente, los restos parecen más cuantitativos que en otras regiones. Sugerimos alguna conexión de las poblaciones humanas de esta zona del este de Turquía con otras poblaciones, por lo menos durante la transición LC al BA. También se ofrece una hipótesis sobre un distinto componente étnico, no totalmente sureño. Until the 1990s the absence of Uruk burials (Mid-Late IVth millenium B.C.») has been a constant in the archeological excavations in Mesopotamia. The apparition of new burials in Uruk or Late Chalcolithic (LC) contexts of the Northern Euphrates and Tigris shed new light on the question. Specially in the area of Birecik- Carchemish has been yielded a new and broad anthropological spectrum from the Early Bronze (EB) 1, inmediate post-Uruk. In proportion, the remains seem huger than in other regions. At least during the transition LC to EB, we suggest some connection of the human populations with other regions of this Eastern Turkey area during the period. Also is offered a hypothesis about different ethnic compound, no complete of southerner origin.

The original version of this article contained an error in the spelling of Juan Pedro Martinez-Barbera, which was incorrectly given as Juan Pedro Martinez Barbera. This error has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.

Este artículo presenta los resultados de aplicar un programa de ApS a estudiantes de maestro/a en el ámbito de la Educación Física. En concreto se analiza su incidencia en el desarrollo de la competencia social y ciudadana, desde una perspectiva metodológica mixta. La complementariedad cuantitativa-cualitativa plantea un marco adecuado de aproximación al objeto de estudio. Cuantitativamente la investigación muestra tendencias de mejora en algunas dimensiones (Conformidad con lo socialmente correcto, Sensibilidad social, Ayuda y colaboración y Responsabilidad Social) que son refrendadas en el análisis cualitativo. A partir del objetivo planteado en la investigación y vistos los datos obtenidos y su discusión, se concluye que el ApS aplicado en el ámbito de la formación de futuros docentes es una buena herramienta para desarrollar su competencia social y ciudadana.

En la asignatura “Bases Anatómicas y Fisiológicas del Movimiento” perteneciente a los estudios de Magisterio de la Universitat Jaume I. La investigación combina metodología cuantitativa y cualitativa. Para la cuantitativa hemos elegido un tipo de diseño cuasi-experimental, denominado Diseño de dos Grupos No Equivalentes con grupo de Control y medidas Pretest y Postest. Referente a la cualitativa, realizamos un estudio descriptivo. Los resultados cuantitativos muestran indicios del desarrollo de esta competencia en algunas de las dimensiones estudiadas. Asimismo, la aproximación cualitativa ofrece resultados en cuatro categorías derivadas del proceso inductivo seguido en el análisis. Los resultados obtenidos concuerdan parcialmente con otros estudios similares, si bien estos han sido realizados en contextos sociales diferentes al nuestro. En conclusión, nuestros resultados muestran que la metodología del APS es propicia para la adquisición de la competencia social y ciudadana en los estudiantes de Magisterio que han compuesto el grupo experimental.

Se realizó el análisis proximal de la almendra de semillas de guanábana (Annona muricata), obtenidas como desecho agroindustrial y la caracterización funcional de la harina desengrasada y los aislados proteicos de las semillas. El porcentaje de proteína cruda en la almendra es del 15%, lo que hizo factible la extracción de aislados proteicos. El punto isoeléctrico (PI) de los aislados obtenidos con ausencia (A0) y presencia de NaCl (A1) fue, en ambos casos, de 4,0. El rendimiento para A0 fue de 46% y para A1, de 46,3%. El contenido de proteína para A0 fue de 39,9% y para A1, de 63,3%, en este último favoreciendo la capacidad de absorción de agua (CAA), la absorción de lípidos (CAL) y la capacidad espumante (CE). Las mejores propiedades emulsificantes fueron observadas en la harina desengrasada. Los aislados proteicos de la almendra de la semilla de guanábana podrían ser empleados en la industria de alimentos, como ingredientes funcionales.