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The situation derived from the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and lockdowns ordered to control the pandemic led to unprecedented problems in different areas of people’s well-being. This study aimed to explore the acute effects of the first lockdown on self-perceived sleep quality, as well as the risk/protective factors that modulated this impact. The sample was composed by 1,275 respondents ranging in age from 18 to 55 years. Participants wererecruited during the COVID-19 first lockdown in Spain. They wereevaluated regarding theirself reported sleep problems before and during lockdown, as well as other areas related to the impact of lockdown (e.g., on diet, physical activity, or use of digital media), psychological states (positive and negative affect), and traits (impulsivity). Most participants (66.7%) reported a decrease in their self-perceived sleep quality during the pandemic. Correlational analyses showed that maintaining good levels of physical activity and diet quality during the pandemic were positively associated with sleep quality; furthermore, greater levels of positive affect, living in bigger homes during lockdown, and age were positively associated with sleep quality as well. On the contrary, negative affect, female sex, and the impact of the pandemic on various domains (mental health, relationship quality, personal finances, and the use of digital media) were negatively related to self-perceived sleep quality. In brief, this study supports the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on self-perceived sleep quality and provides a preliminary foundation for identifying protective and risk factors contributing to sleep quality during lockdowns and other situations of distress.

El consumo de pornografía es una práctica muy extendida. En la mayoría de casos, no conlleva consecuencia negativa alguna; no obstante, algunas personas desarrollan un patrón de consumo excesivo y problemático. Uno de los factores que aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar un uso problemático de pornografía (UPP) es el estado de ánimo disfórico (concretamente, el estado de ánimo depresivo). Asimismo, la rumiación (forma disfuncional de regulación emocional) perpetúa el malestar emocional, lo cual podría exacerbar el vínculo entre depresión y UPP. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar si la rumiación mediaba o moderaba la relación entre depresión, frecuencia de uso de pornografía (FUP) y UPP. Con este propósito, 220 participantes entre 18-74 años completaron una batería de cuestionarios online donde se evaluaban las principales variables del estudio. La depresión tuvo un efecto directo, positivo y significativo en el UPP ( =0.96***), pero no en la FUP ( =-0.02). De igual modo, la rumiación tuvo un efecto directo, positivo y significativo en el UPP ( =0.12*), pero no en la FUP ( =0.008). En cuanto a los análisis de mediación, la rumiación no mediaba entre la depresión y el UPP ( =0.01), pero sí entre la depresión y la FUP ( =0.03*). Asimismo, la rumiación no moderó la relación entre depresión y FUP ( =0.001) ni entre depresión y UPP ( =-0.003). Estos resultados sugieren que el estado emocional modula fuertemente el consumo de pornografía (aumentando el riesgo de desarrollar un UPP), pero que la rumiación no media este vínculo ni modera su relación. El único caso en el que la rumiación desempeña un papel a la hora de explicar el nexo entre depresión y pornografía es en el caso de la FUP. Así, es posible que personas con depresión y tendencia a rumiar usen la pornografía con mayor frecuencia, pero no por ello de forma más problemática.

The health and socio-economic challenges arising from the COVID-19 pandemic have led to greater reliance on the internet to meet basic needs and responsibilities. Greater engagement in online activities may have negative mental and physical health consequences for some vulnerable individuals, particularly under mandatory self-isolation or ‘lockdown’ conditions. The present study investigated whether changes in levels of involvement in online activities during the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e., watching TV series, online sexual activities, video games, social networks, gambling, online shopping, and instant messaging) were associated with problematic internet use, as well as whether certain psychological risk factors (positive/negative affect and impulsivity) were significant predictors of these changes. A total of 1,275 participants (66.1% female, aged between 18-55 years) completed an online survey while in lockdown in Spain (April 15th-23rd, 2020). The survey assessed current engagement in seven different online activities and their engagement prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as psychological risk factors (affect and impulsivity). Most participants (between 60.8%-98.6% depending on the activity) reported no changes in participation in online activities, but there was a significant increase in weekly internet use (between 25 and 336 min). However, increased internet use was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in problematic use, except for problematic TV series watching and video gaming. Psychological risk factors considered in the study (affect, impulsivity traits) were largely minor or non-significant predictors. Thus, increased internet use during the lockdown in Spain was not related to a proportional growth in problematic usage, suggesting that these behavioral changes may constitute adaptive coping strategies in the context of the pandemic.

Background: Infliximab seems to be the most efficacious of the three available anti-TNF agents for ulcerative colitis (UC) but little is known when it is used as the second anti-TNF. Objectives: To compare the clinical and treatment outcomes of a second subcutaneous or intravenous anti-TNF in UC patients. Design: Retrospective observational study. Methods: Patients from the ENEIDA registry treated consecutively with infliximab and a subcutaneous anti-TNF (or vice versa), naïve to other biological agents, were identified and grouped according to the administration route of the first anti-TNF into IVi (intravenous initially) or SCi (subcutaneous initially). Results: Overall, 473 UC patients were included (330 IVi and 143 SCi). Clinical response at week 14 was 42.7% and 48.3% in the IVi and SCi groups (non-statistically significant), respectively. Clinical remission rates at week 52 were 32.8% and 31.4% in the IVi and SCi groups (nonsignificant differences), respectively. A propensity-matched score analysis showed a higher clinical response rate at week 14 in the SCi group and higher treatment persistence in the IVi group. Regarding long-term outcomes, dose escalation and discontinuation due to the primary failure of the first anti-TNF and more severe disease activity at the beginning of the second anti-TNF were inversely associated with clinical remission. Conclusion: The use of a second anti-TNF for UC seems to be reasonable in terms of efficacy, although it is particularly reduced in the case of the primary failure of the first anti-TNF. Whether the second anti-TNF is infliximab or subcutaneous does not seem to affect efficacy.

Introduction: Despite being a widely used screening questionnaire, there is no consensus on the most appropriate measurement model for the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Furthermore, there have been limited studies on its measurement invariance across cross-cultural subgroups, genders, and sexual orientations. Aims: The present study aimed to examine the fit of different measurement models for the AUDIT and its measurement invariance across a wide range of subgroups by country, language, gender, and sexual orientation. Methods: Responses concerning past-year alcohol use from the participants of the cross-sectional International Sex Survey were considered (N = 62,943; Mage: 32.73; SD = 12.59). Confirmatory factor analysis, as well as measurement invariance tests were performed for 21 countries, 14 languages, three genders, and four sexual-orientation subgroups that met the minimum sample size requirement for inclusion in these analyses. Results: A two-factor model with factors describing ‘alcohol use’ (items 1–3) and ‘alcohol problems’ (items 4–10) showed the best model fit across countries, languages, genders, and sexual orientations. For the former two, scalar and latent mean levels of invariance were reached considering different criteria. For gender and sexual orientation, a latent mean level of invariance was reached. Conclusions: In line with the two-factor model, the calculation of separate alcohol-use and alcohol-problem scores is recommended when using the AUDIT. The high levels of measurement invariance achieved for the AUDIT support its use in cross-cultural research, capable also of meaningful comparisons among genders and sexual orientations.

The homoleptic cationic complex formed by reacting suitable manganese(II) salts with 2,2′-bipyridine-1,1′-dioxide (bipyO2) has been subjected to several studies in the past because of its peculiar absorption and electrochemical features. Here, the first single-crystal X-ray structure determination of a [Mn(bipyO2)3]2+ salt is reported, where the charge of the cation is balanced by perchlorate anions. The hydrated salt [Mn(bipyO2)3](ClO4)2 crystallizes in the monoclinic system (P21/n space group) and the asymmetric unit contains three cationic complexes and six perchlorate anions. The environment of the manganese(II) ions is best described as octahedral, with scarce variations among the three cations in the asymmetric unit. The bipyO2 ligands exhibit κ2 coordination mode, forming seven-membered metallacycles. The X-ray outcomes have been used as the starting point for DFT and TDDFT calculations, aimed to elucidate the charge transfer origin of the noticeable absorption in the visible range. The MLCT nature is confirmed by the hole and electron distributions associated with the spin-allowed transitions. DFT calculations on the related manganese(III) complex indicate that the geometry of [Mn(bipyO2)3]2+ changes only slightly upon oxidation, in agreement with the reversible electrochemical behaviour experimentally observed.

The tetrafluoroborate salt of the cationic Cu(I) complex [Cu(CHpz3)(PPh3)]+, where CHpz3 is the tridentate N-donor ligand tris(pyrazol-1-yl)methane and PPh3 is triphenylphosphine, was synthesized through a displacement reaction on the acetonitrile complex [Cu(NCCH3)4][BF4]. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic P21/c space group. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the copper(I) centre is tetracoordinated, with a disposition of the donor atoms surrounding the metal centre quite far from the ideal tetrahedral geometry, as confirmed by continuous shape measures and by the τ4 parameter. The intermolecular interactions at the solid state were investigated through the Hirshfeld surface analysis, which highlighted the presence of several non-classical hydrogen bonds involving the tetrafluoroborate anion. The electronic structure of the crystal was modelled using plane-wave DFT methods. The computed band gap is around 2.8 eV and separates a metal-centred valence band from a ligand-centred conduction band. NMR spectroscopy indicated the fluxional behaviour of the complex in CDCl3 solution. The geometry of the compound in the presence of chloroform as implicit solvent was simulated by means of DFT calculations, together with possible mechanisms related to the fluxionality. The reversible dissociation of one of the pyrazole rings from the Cu(I) coordination sphere resulted in an accessible process.

BackgroundThere is growing evidence of the significance of gastrointestinal complaints in the impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier function and inflammation in fibromyalgia (FM) and in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). However, data on intestinal permeability and gut barrier dysfunction in FM and ME/CFS are still limited with conflicting results. This study aimed to assess circulating biomarkers potentially related to intestinal barrier dysfunction and bacterial translocation and their association with self-reported symptoms in these conditions.MethodsA pilot multicenter, cross-sectional cohort study with consecutive enrolment of 22 patients with FM, 30 with ME/CFS and 26 matched healthy controls. Plasma levels of anti-beta-lactoglobulin antibodies (IgG anti-β-LGB), zonulin-1 (ZO-1), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and interleukin-1-beta (IL-1β) were assayed using ELISA. Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants were recorded using validated self-reported outcome measures. The diagnostic accuracy of each biomarker was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.ResultsFM patients had significantly higher levels of anti-β-LGB, ZO-1, LPS, and sCD14 than healthy controls (all P < 0.0001). In ME/CFS patients, levels of anti-β-LGB, ZO-1, LPS, and sCD14 were significantly higher than controls, but lower than in FM (all P < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in IL-1β level. In the FM and ME/CFS cohorts, both anti-β-LGB and ZO-1 correlated significantly with LPS and sCD14 (P < 0.001 for both). In the FM group, both anti-β-LGB and ZO-1 were correlated significantly with physical and mental health components on the SF-36 scale (P < 0.05); whereas IL-1β negatively correlated with the COMPASS-31 score (P < 0.05). In the ME/CFS cohort, ZO-1 was positively correlated with the COMPASS-31 score (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis indicated a strong ability of anti-β-LGB, ZO-1, LPS and sCD14 to predictively distinguish between FM and ME/CFS from healthy controls (P < 0.0001).ConclusionBiomarkers of intestinal barrier function and inflammation were associated with autonomic dysfunction assessed by COMPASS-31 scores in FM and ME/CFS respectively. Anti-β-LGB antibodies, ZO-1, LPS, and sCD14 may be putative predictors of intestinal barrier dysfunction in these cohorts. Further studies are needed to assess whether these findings are causal and can therefore be applied in clinical practice.

El uso de cibersexo responde a múltiples motivaciones de los usuarios que lo realizan. La literatura advierte que algunas motivaciones podrían relacionarse con indicadores de consumo problemático, como la interferencia y la preocupación asociadas a su uso. No obstante,estos estudios no siempre han considerado la posible influencia del género en la expresión y relación de estas variables. Este trabajo pretende explorar las motivaciones para practicar cibersexo y analizar su relación con los indicadores de interferencia y preocupación asociados al consumo en función del género. Para ello, 276 personas (57.25% mujeres; 43.75% hombres) de entre 18-48 años cumplimentaron el Cuestionario sobre Prácticas Sexuales Online (CPSO, Salusex-Unisexsida, 2017) que incluía cuestiones sobre estas variables. Encontrar material para masturbarse fue la principal motivación en hombres (88.1%) y mujeres (69.4%) para practicar cibersexo, seguida de relajarse del estrés en ellos (48.3%) y aprender cosas sobre sexo en ellas (41.1%). En hombres y mujeres, relajarse del estrés ( 2=6.459; p= .011; y 2=5.555; p= .018, respectivamente) y mejorar el estado anímico ( 2=4.247; p= .039 y 2=15.596; p

Introducción: La adicción al cibersexo es un término que carece de consenso en cuanto a su clasificación y criterios diagnósticos. El desconocimiento sobre este trastorno lleva a estigmatizar a las personas que lo padecen considerando, en el mejor de los casos, que su adicción estaría generalizada a toda su sexualidad. Objetivo: Analizar el perfil sexual de un grupo de hombres con un uso problemático de cibersexo. Metodología: Participaron 30 hombres de entre 25-67 años (M=36.43; DT=8,28) que presentaban un perfil de riesgo o de adicción al cibersexo medido a través del ISST (Internet Sex Screening Test, Delmonico, 1997) y de la Entrevista Diagnóstica CISEX (Castro-Calvo et al., en preparación) que buscaban ayuda para su tratamiento. Además, completaron otros cuestionarios sobre información sociodemográfica y sexualidad general. Resultados: El 70% eran heterosexuales y un 80% tenía pareja estable. Un 53.3% se masturbaba semanalmente sin utilizar internet, dedicando 1.86 horas/semana (DT=1.64) y un 73.3% mantenía relaciones sexuales con su pareja estable (M=1.77 horas/semana; DT=1.80). Otras conductas sexuales como las relaciones con parejas esporádicas (13.3%), el contacto con trabajadores/as sexuales (6.7%) o las relaciones consideradas infidelidad (0%) eran poco frecuentes entre estas personas. Además, presentaban bajo malestar con sus actividades sexuales offline y un control percibido elevado sobre estas actividades. En cuanto a preferencias sexuales parafílicas, entre un 80% y un 36.7% se excitaba en alguna medida ante situaciones de voyeurismo, exhibicionismo o sadomasoquismo. Conclusiones: En general, las personas con un perfil problemático de cibersexo son heterosexuales, con pareja estable y presentan una conducta sexual offline no patológica. No obstante, la excitación sexual ante situaciones que pueden considerarse parafílicas es frecuente, lo que puede ser un signo de tolerancia, característica en este trastorno. Estos datos evidencian que existen personas cuya adicción se centra en el cibersexo, sin verse afectados otros ámbitos de su sexualidad.

The two enantiomers of chiral phosphonate 4-phenyldinaphtho[2,1-d:1′,2′-f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine 4-oxide, O=PPh(BINOL), were synthesized from the proper 1,1′-bi-2-naphtol (BINOL) enantiomer and characterized. The structure of the (S)-enantiomer was elucidated by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The reaction with anhydrous ZnBr2 afforded complexes having the general formula [ZnBr2{O=PPh(BINOL)}2] that showed intense fluorescence centered in the near-UV region rationalized on the basis of TD-DFT calculations. The corresponding Mn(II) complexes with the general formula [MnX2{O=PPh(BINOL)}2] (X = Cl, Br) exhibited dual emission upon excitation with UV light, with the relative intensity of the bands dependent upon the choice of the halide. The highest energy transition is comparable with that of the Zn(II) complex, while the lowest energy emission falls in the red region of the spectrum and is characterized by lifetimes in the hundreds of microseconds range. Although the emission at lower energy can also be achieved by direct excitation of the metal center, the luminescence decay curves suggest that the band in the red range is possibly derived from BINOL-centered excited states populated by intersystem crossing.

Este artículo analiza las estrategias implementadas por el Estado colombiano para fomentar la lectura en la región Caribe a través del programa de las Bibliotecas Aldeanas. También las colecciones bibliográficas que hicieron parte de estas bibliotecas y las representaciones que construyeron los lectores mediante los libros. Metodológicamente es un estudio de carácter histórico, basado en el análisis crítico de fuentes documentales como las correspondencias, los informes de los bibliotecarios, Revistas de la época, entre otras, que permitieron la construcción de los hechos investigados. Se concluye que los usos que se hicieron de las bibliotecas y sus colecciones incidieron en las formas de consumo y de participación, a la vez que estableció una relación activa y directa entre la comunidad y el Estado

IntroductionThe main objective is to delimit the cognitive dysfunction associated with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) in adult patients by applying the Continuous Performance Test (CPT3™). Additionally, provide empirical evidence on the usefulness of this computerized neuropsychological test to assess ME/CFS.MethodThe final sample (n = 225; 158 Patients/67 Healthy controls) were recruited in a Central Sensitization Syndromes (CSS) specialized unit in a tertiary hospital. All participants were administered this neuropsychological test.ResultsThere were significant differences between ME/CFS and healthy controls in all the main measures of CPT3™. Mainly, patients had a worse indicator of inattentiveness, sustained attention, vigilance, impulsivity, slow reaction time, and more atypical T-scores, which is associated with a likelihood of having a disorder characterized by attention deficits, such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In addition, relevant correlations were obtained between the CPT3™ variables in the patient’s group. The most discriminative indicators of ME/CFS patients were Variability and Hit Reaction Time, both measures of response speed.ConclusionThe CPT3™ is a helpful tool to discriminate neurocognitive impairments from attention and response speed in ME/CFS patients, and it could be used as a marker of ME/CFS severity for diagnosing or monitoring this disease.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a condition characterized by musculoskeletal pain and multiple comorbidities. Our study aimed to identify four clusters of FM patients according to their core clinical symptoms and neuropsychological comorbidities to identify possible therapeutic targets in the condition. We performed a population-based cohort study on 251 adult FM patients referred to primary care according to the 2010 ACR case criteria. Patients were aggregated in clusters by a K-medians hierarchical cluster analysis based on physical and emotional symptoms and neuropsychological variables. Four different clusters were identified in the FM population. Global cluster analysis reported a four-cluster profile (cluster 1: pain, fatigue, poorer sleep quality, stiffness, anxiety/depression and disability at work; cluster 2: injustice, catastrophizing, positive affect and negative affect; cluster 3: mindfulness and acceptance; and cluster 4: surrender). The second analysis on clinical symptoms revealed three distinct subgroups (cluster 1: fatigue, poorer sleep quality, stiffness and difficulties at work; cluster 2: pain; and cluster 3: anxiety and depression). The third analysis of neuropsychological variables provided two opposed subgroups (cluster 1: those with high scores in surrender, injustice, catastrophizing and negative affect, and cluster 2: those with high scores in acceptance, positive affect and mindfulness). These empirical results support models that assume an interaction between neurobiological, psychological and social factors beyond the classical biomedical model. A detailed assessment of such risk and protective factors is critical to differentiate FM subtypes, allowing for further identification of their specific needs and designing tailored personalized therapeutic interventions.

Global concern about problematic usage of the internet (PUI), and its public health and societal costs, continues to grow, sharpened in focus under the privations of the COVID-19 pandemic. This narrative review reports the expert opinions of members of the largest international network of researchers on PUI in the framework of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action (CA 16207), on the scientific progress made and the critical knowledge gaps remaining to be filled as the term of the Action reaches its conclusion.A key advance has been achieving consensus on the clinical definition of various forms of PUI. Based on the overarching public health principles of protecting individuals and the public from harm and promoting the highest attainable standard of health, the World Health Organisation has introduced several new structured diagnoses into the ICD-11, including gambling disorder, gaming disorder, compulsive sexual behaviour disorder, and other unspecified or specified disorders due to addictive behaviours, alongside naming online activity as a diagnostic specifier. These definitions provide for the first time a sound platform for developing systematic networked research into various forms of PUI at global scale. Progress has also been made in areas such as refining and simplifying some of the available assessment instruments, clarifying the underpinning brain-based and social determinants, and building more empirically based etiological models, as a basis for therapeutic intervention, alongside public engagement initiatives.However, important gaps in our knowledge remain to be tackled. Principal among these include a better understanding of the course and evolution of the PUI-related problems, across different age groups, genders and other specific vulnerable groups, reliable methods for early identification of individuals at risk (before PUI becomes disordered), efficacious preventative and therapeutic interventions and ethical health and social policy changes that adequately safeguard human digital rights. The paper concludes with recommendations for achievable research goals, based on longitudinal analysis of a large multinational cohort co-designed with public stakeholders.

The intensification of agriculture in olive groves, especially the modification or elimination of spontaneous vegetation, alters the relationships in arthropod communities and reduces their interactions and ecosystem services. This study was carried out in nine olive groves in which there was either a planted cover crop, spontaneous cover crop or bare ground. The interactions of ground-dwelling, canopy and flying arthropods in trophic webs were calculated for each olive grove soil management regime at the family level taking into consideration their different functional traits: feeding guilds, specific agricultural traits and trophic level. Olive groves with spontaneous cover had trophic webs with a higher number of plausible links between arthropod families and a more balanced distribution of specimens among trophic levels compared to those with planted cover and bare ground. There was a similar number of arthropod families consisting of both pests and their natural enemies in the planted cover regime, while olive groves with bare ground had simpler trophic webs. The complexity of plausible trophic links was greater in olive groves with spontaneous plant cover despite the similar values for family richness in the three-olive grove soil management regimes. Qualitative values (such as functional traits) were more diverse in agroecosystems with spontaneous plant cover in which there were more sources of food.

La percepción del tiempo, y más concretamente, la estimación de su duración podría verse alterada en diferentes adicciones conductuales. Esto es lo que sucedería en la adicción a videojuegos. Entre otros factores, la alteración en la estimación temporal podría deberse al grado de disfrute que generan estos contenidos. La mayoría de estudios se han centrado casi exclusivamente en hombres, dejando de lado a las mujeres y al posible efecto diferencial del género en este fenómeno. Así, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue explorar si existen diferencias de género en la estimación temporal durante la exposición a videojuegos y el disfrute con estos contenidos. Para ello, 193 personas (54,4% mujeres) entre 18-48 años realizaron una tarea experimental que consistía en la exposición a videos de videojuegos en 4 condiciones temporales (60, 90, 120 y 150 segundos). Tras cada exposición, los participantes estimaban su duración (en segundos) y reportaban el disfrute con el contenido (entre 0-10). Ambos géneros sobreestimaban la duración de la exposición a videojuegos en las 4 condiciones temporales. Sin embargo, se observaron diferencias en función del género para la condición de 60 segundos (t= -1.10; p= .016) y para la estimación media de las 4 condiciones (t= -.741; p=.045); en todos los casos las mujeres tendían a sobreestimar más la duración. Respecto al disfrute, los hombres consideraron más satisfactorios todos los contenidos, siendo las diferencias significativas para la condición de 90 (t=5.56; p=.030), 120 (t=4.05; p=.037), y 150 segundos (t=7.13; p= .039). Tanto hombres como mujeres tendían a sobreestimar el tiempo durante el visionado de videojuegos, resultando este fenómeno más pronunciado en las mujeres. Asimismo, éstas disfrutaron mucho menos del contenido. Esto explicaría que sea menos común el riesgo de adicción en mujeres, ya que percibirían que han pasado más tiempo jugando y sentirían menos atracción hacia su contenido.

La salud sexual en la infancia y en la adolescencia constituye una prioridad dado el importante impacto que esta ejerce en su salud global. Sin embargo, no existe un fuerte consenso sobre los indicadores que determinan el poseer una buena o una mala salud sexual, y más cuando hablamos de una población de especial vulnerabilidad dados los múltiples cambios físicos, psicológicos y sociales a los que se enfrentan en poco tiempo. En el presente estudio exponemos el proceso de construcción de una batería de instrumentos para la evaluación de la salud sexual de los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Tras la realización de un completo proceso de valoración, guiado por múltiples expertos en el área, se ha concluido que tanto los conocimientos como las actitudes (p.ej. sexismo) y habilidades sexuales (p.ej. asertividad sexual) son un indicador principal. Asimismo, los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo (p. ej. búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales, adicción al sexo, al cibersexo o conductas de sexting), también se consideran variables importantes. Disponer de una batería de instrumentos validados en este grupo poblacional que recoja todos los aspectos relevantes para la valoración de su salud sexual va a permitir, no solo conocer más sobre la misma, sino también probar si la educación afectivo-sexual que reciben es adecuada y suficiente para asegurar un desarrollo sexual saludable.

El dolor crónico y los tratamientos asociados pueden afectar negativamente el funcionamiento y la satisfacción sexual. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar si existen diferencias en algunos componentes de la sexualidad entre adultos mayores con y sin diagnóstico de dolor crónico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 132 estudiantes de la Universidad para Mayores de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón, 61,4% de mujeres y 38,6% de hombres, con una edad media de 61,4 años. Se dividió a las personas participantes en función de si tenían o no el diagnóstico de alguna condición de dolor crónico, un 47,7% fue clasificado en la condición con dolor crónico y un 52,3% en la condición sin dolor crónico. Se les administró la versión ampliada del cuestionario SEXPAIN (Ballester et al., 2022) que evalúa diferentes aspectos de la vida sexual. Los resultados indicaron que el 96,8% de las personas sin dolor crónico y el 91,5% de las personas con dolor crónico evaluadas consideraba las relaciones sexuales un aspecto muy importante. Sin embargo, el 20,3% de las personas sin dolor crónico yel 39,3% de las personas con dolor crónico informó que no estaba nada satisfecho con su vida sexual, y un 16,7% y un 24,1%, respectivamente, está muy de acuerdo en que cambiaría muchas cosas de su vida sexual. Las personas con dolor crónico obtienen mayor interferencia en algunos aspectos de la función sexual como el interés (p.001), la excitación (p=.014) o la satisfacción sexual (p=.035) que las personas sin dolor crónico. Otros aspectos relacionados con el intercambio de afecto, la comunicación sexual o algunos parámetros de la respuesta sexual como el orgasmo, no obtienen diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos grupos. La sexualidad es un ámbito que debe ser evaluado y tratado adecuadamente en el abordaje de las personas con dolor crónico.

Abstract Purpose To analyze the evolution post-cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) cardiomyopathy (CM) patients compared to other types of CM, according to clinical and functional variables, by using gated-SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). Methods Ninety-three patients (60 ± 11 years, 28% women) referred for pre-CRT assessment were studied and divided into three groups: 1 (non-ischemic CM with LVNC, 11 patients), 2 (ischemic CM, 28 patients), and 3 (non-ischemic CM, 53 patients). All were studied by a 99mTc-MIBI gated-SPECT MPI at rest pre-CRT implantation and 6 ± 1 months after, including intraventricular dyssynchrony assessment by phase analysis. Quality of life was measured by the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ). Results No differences in sex, atherosclerotic risk factors other than smoking habit, and MLHFQ results were found among groups. LVNC CM patients were younger, with greater QRS width and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) at baseline, but the differences were not significant. No significant differences were found at baseline regarding ventricular function, although end-systolic volume was slightly higher in LVNC CM patients. Mean SRS was significantly higher (p

Abstract Background Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease of unknown etiology lasting for a minimum of 6 months but usually for many years, with features including fatigue, cognitive impairment, myalgias, post-exertional malaise, and immune system dysfunction. Dysregulation of cytokine signaling could give rise to many of these symptoms. Cytokines are present in both plasma and extracellular vesicles, but little investigation of EVs in ME/CFS has been reported. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from plasma (including circulating cytokine/chemokine profiling) from individuals with ME/CFS and healthy controls. Methods We included 35 ME/CFS patients and 35 controls matched for age, sex and BMI. EVs were enriched from plasma by using a polymer-based precipitation method and characterized by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and immunoblotting. A 45-plex immunoassay was used to determine cytokine levels in both plasma and isolated EVs from a subset of 19 patients and controls. Linear regression, principal component analysis and inter-cytokine correlations were analyzed. Results ME/CFS individuals had significantly higher levels of EVs that ranged from 30 to 130 nm in size as compared to controls, but the mean size for total extracellular vesicles did not differ between groups. The enrichment of typical EV markers CD63, CD81, TSG101 and HSP70 was confirmed by Western blot analysis and the morphology assessed by TEM showed a homogeneous population of vesicles in both groups. Comparison of cytokine concentrations in plasma and isolated EVs of cases and controls yielded no significant differences. Cytokine-cytokine correlations in plasma revealed a significant higher number of interactions in ME/CFS cases along with 13 inverse correlations that were mainly driven by the Interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10), whereas in the plasma of controls, no inverse relationships were found across any of the cytokines. Network analysis in EVs from controls showed 2.5 times more significant inter-cytokine interactions than in the ME/CFS group, and both groups presented a unique negative association. Conclusions Elevated levels of 30-130 nm EVs were found in plasma from ME/CFS patients and inter-cytokine correlations revealed unusual regulatory relationships among cytokines in the ME/CFS group that were different from the control group in both plasma and EVs. These disturbances in cytokine networks are further evidence of immune dysregulation in ME/CFS.

The use of the Internet for sexual purposes (AKA cybersex) is an increasingly widespread activity in all the population. However, the way in which it is conducted (frequency, types of online sexual activity –ASO–, motivations) may change depending on characteristics such as sexual orientation. When feeling sexual attraction towards people of the same sex supposed rejection and stigmatization, cybersex was a safe space where to experiment with sexuality; thus, it was easy to understand that their consumption among homosexual and bisexual people was higher. Currently, its use as a safe space seems to be in a second place, gaining prominence its use as a plausible way to connect romantically and sexually with other people. The objective of this work was to analyze if certain aspects of cybersex consumption (frequency, types of ASO and reasons for consumption) vary depending on sexual orientation. With this aim, 553 people between 18-40 years old (54.2% men, 45.8% women; 36.2% heterosexual, 36.2% bisexual, 27.7% homosexual) completed an online survey on cybersex consumption. In men, sexual orientation (being homosexual or bisexual) showed great influence, mainly in ASOs that require contact with other users (looking for a partner [p.001] or using the webcam for sexual purposes [p.01]) and the social motives for doing so (e.g., using it to establish relationships [p=.001]). In women, influence of sexual orientation was limited to some specific ASO (insinuate other users [p.01] or use the webcam for sexual purposes [p.001]) and some motives (such as using it to relax from stress [p= .01]); In this case, bisexual women answered affirmatively more frequently. These differences are discussed in the context of the current construction of sexual diversity.

Introduction: Disruptions in passage time percepction and its duration estimation had been widely studied, particularly in pathologies where affectivivity plays the lead. It is suggested that mental illnesses characterised by negative affect are related to overestimating of time duration and slower down passage time, while in mental ilnesses characterized by positive affect the opposite is usually the case. Nevertheless, recent research come out with contradictory findings, suggesting that affect is not significant or it depends of another conditions (p.e. exposition to concurrent stimular content). The main purpose of this paper is to analyze if affect has effect on time estimation and the passage time perception. Method: 97 participants (56,7% women), whose age oscillates between 18 and 65 years old completed PANAS questionnaireand they werethesubject ofan experimental task. The experimental taskconsisting in four sets, where different contents (sitcoms, videogames and dcomentary films) were exposed to participants in four timing conditions (videos of 60, 90, 120 and 150 seconds). Following to each exposition, participants tried to estimate the video duration (in seconds) and they valued how fast was the passage time for them. Results: While negative affectivity had not influence on time estimation or percepción of the time passage, participants who report high positive affect present a lower passage time perception in exposition to TV sitcoms (t=2,22; p=0.043). These participants tended to underestimate the duration of each video (especially, sitcoms), despite the fact that this shift was not significative (r=-0,188; p=0,065). Conclusions: Although we have detected some influence of postiive affect on duration’s perception and time passage, this study disputes that affect has some significant paper on these aspects. This finding supports the need of review theories that defens a tactical relationship between affect and disruptions in time estimation and perception.

From the time of ancient Rome, it was stated that physical exercise, added to a good diet, were the key to people’s mental well-being. Although the premise is still valid nowadays, young people do not seem to understand it, as being overweight is a real public health problem in this population subgroup. The objective is to know the university population eating habits, seeing how these are related to their body and their emotional well-being. It is hypothesized that those who have worse eating habits will suffer greater discomfort with their body image, in the same way that their mental well-being will be diminished. 600 university students (300 women and 300 men) filled out the Lifestyle and Health Questionnaire (Giménez-García Ballester-Arnal, 2017). For this work where chosen those items related to food, body image and mental health. People who take care of their diet have a greater satisfaction with their body ( 2 = 45.86; p.001). At the same time, people who are proud of their body image report a greater emotional well-being ( 2 = 35.02; p.001). Youth who define themselves as a fat person report worse mental health than thin or normal-weight people ( 2 = 17.26; p= .002), taking significantly less care of their diet ( 2 = 23.34; p.001). Emotional well-being, body image and diet care are closely related. A balanced diet not only improves physical health, but also increases mental health. Health and education professionals should encourage young people to improve their diet. This will improve both body satisfaction and emotional well-being.

Introduction: Hypersexuality is a common problem in clinical practice, especially due to the emotional distress generated by some of its manifestations, such as sex addiction. However, the relationship between discomfort and hypersexuality is unclear and many authors highlight that, in addition to a consequence, emotional distress could be the cause of the search for sex as an emotional regulation strategy. The aim of the present study is to check if there is a relationship between mood and hypersexual behavior in both men and women. Method: 400 participants (69% male) between the ages of 18 and 40 (M = 26,65; DT = 6,30) completed an online survey that included measures of control of sexual impulses (the Hypersexuality Inventory [HI]) and emotional distress (the Scale Hospital Anxiety and Depression [HADS]). Sociodemographic information was also collected. Results: We did not find gender differences in the anxiety means, while men presented higher scores on the depression subscale M =7,33) than women (M=6,11; t=3,89, p ,001) and higher level of hypersexuality (M=43,94 men, M=11,85 women; t=10,36, p,001). For men, anxiety (p,001) and age (p= ,024) explained 29,2% of the variance of Hypersexuality scores (IH) (F=37,48; p,001). For the group of women, only anxiety explained 14% of the variance of the IH scores (F=6,52; p,001). Conclusions: As we can see, anxiety has an important weight in hypersexuality, while in men age also turned out to be relevant in this problem. Taking into account that the majority of preventive interventions are aimed at adolescents / young people, these results demonstrate the need to invest efforts in emotional regulation at all ages, both in prevention and in treatment programs.

Introduction: Corrected QT interval (QTc) >460 ms in the right precordial leads has been described as a predictor of malignant ventricular arrhythmias (MVA) in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS). Objective: To assess the presence of QTc>460 ms in multiple electrocardiograms (ECGs) during follow-up as a predictor of recurrence of MVA in patients with BrS. Methods: The study group included 43 patients with BrS and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. ECGs were performed serially between June 2000 and January 2017. QT interval was measured and QTc was obtained by Bazett's formula. The sample was divided into three groups: Group 1 (patients with no ECGs with QTc>460 ms); Group 2 (patients with only one ECG with QTc>460 ms); and Group 3 (patients with two or more ECGs with QTc>460 ms). Results: The following variables were more frequently observed in Group 3: family history of sudden death (p=0.023), previous history of cardiorespiratory arrest (p=0.032), syncope (p=0.039), documented MVA (p=0.002), and proportion of ECGs with coved-type ST interval during follow-up (p=0.002). In Group 3, 67% of BrS patients had events during follow-up, as opposed to only 22% of Group 1 and 14% of Group 2 (Group 1 vs. Group 2, p=0.33015; Group 1 vs. Group 3, p=0.04295; and Group 2 vs. Group 3, p=0.04155). Conclusions: QTc>460 ms in more than one ECG during follow-up increases the risk of MVA events in patients with BrS. Resumo: Introdução: Um intervalo QTc>460 ms nas derivações precordiais direitas foi descrito como um fator preditivo de arritmias ventriculares malignas em doentes com síndrome de Brugada (SB). Objetivo: Avaliar se a presença de QTc>460 ms em eletrocardiogramas (ECGs) seriados durante o seguimento é um fator preditivo de recidiva de arrtimias ventriculares malignas em doentes com SB. Métodos: O grupo de estudo incluiu 43 doentes com SB e com cardioversor-desfibrilhador implantável; os ECGs seriados foram efetuados entre junho de 2000 e janeiro de 2017. Foi medido o intervalo QT, tendo sido o QTc obtido através da fórmula de Bazzet. Os doentes foram divididos em três grupos: Grupo 1 (doentes sem ECGs com QTc>460 ms); Grupo 2 (doentes com apenas um ECG com QTc>460 ms) e Grupo 3 (doentes com dois ou mais ECGs com QTc>460 ms). Resultados: As seguintes variáveis foram observadas com mais frequência no Grupo 3: história familiar de morte súbita (p=0,023), história prévia de paragem cardiorrespiratória (p=0,032), síncope (p=0,039), arritmias ventriculares malignas documentadas (p=0,002) e percentagem de ECGs convexos durante o seguimento (p=0,002). No Grupo 3, 67% dos doentes com SB apresentaram eventos durante o seguimento. Por outro lado, no caso dos doentes com SB apenas 22% do Grupo 1 e 14% do Grupo 2 apresentaram eventos durante o seguimento (Grupo 1 versus Grupo 2, p=0,33015; Grupo 1 versus Grupo 3, p=0,04295 e Grupo 2 versus Grupo 3, p=0,04155). Conclusões: O QTc>460 ms em mais do que um ECG durante o seguimento aumenta o risco de eventos de arrtimias ventriculares malignas.

Abstract Background Heart rate variability (HRV) is an objective, non-invasive tool to assessing autonomic dysfunction in chronic fatigue syndrome/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). People with CFS/ME tend to have lower HRV; however, in the literature there are only a few previous studies (most of them inconclusive) on their association with illness-related complaints. To address this issue, we assessed the value of different diurnal HRV parameters as potential biomarker in CFS/ME and also investigated the relationship between these HRV indices and self-reported symptoms in individuals with CFS/ME. Methods In this case–control study, 45 female patients who met the 1994 CDC/Fukuda definition for CFS/ME and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls underwent HRV recording-resting state tests. The intervals between consecutive heartbeats (RR) were continuously recorded over three 5-min periods. Time- and frequency-domain analyses were applied to estimate HRV variables. Demographic and clinical features, and self-reported symptom measures were also recorded. Results CFS/ME patients showed significantly higher scores in all symptom questionnaires (p

La salud sexual de los/as adolescentes y jóvenes suele mirarse desde una lente que se enfoca en los problemas. En el caso de los adolescentes que están en el sistema de protección infantil este análisis centrado en los riesgos es mayor si cabe, dado que experimentan tasas más altas de resultados negativos de salud sexual. La presente revisión tiene el objetivo de examinar la literatura relacionada con los comportamientos sexuales de riesgo de los adolescentes y jóvenes que se encuentran en el sistema de protección. Para ello, se han consultado varias bases de datos (Web of Science, Scopus y PUBMED), restringiendo la búsqueda a las palabras clave “sexual behavior” o “sexual risk” y “child welfare system” o “foster youth”, y el rango de publicación entre 2011 y 2021. De las 1496 publicaciones identificadas inicialmente, se eliminaron aquellas duplicadas y/o que no cumplían los criterios de inclusión, quedándonos con un total de 22 artículos. La mitad de las publicaciones que analizaban los comportamientos predictivos de conductas sexuales de riesgo se centraban en las experiencias de abuso sexual en la infancia. Por otro lado, el 22,7% de los artículos analizados informaban de un uso deficitario del preservativo entre los jóvenes en hogares de acogida, mientras que el 18,2% afirmaban que este colectivo presenta una mayor prevalencia de ITS y el 31,8% reportan que las tasas de embarazo son más altas entre las chicas de esta población. Asimismo, el 18,2% de los estudios analizados encontraron indicios de una posible relación entre la participación en el sistema de bienestar infantil y en actividades de sexo transaccional. Así, aunque la investigación sobre este tema sigue siendo escasa, esta revisión pone de manifiesto el riesgo de desarrollar patrones poco saludables de sexualidad entre los jóvenes del sistema de protección.

Una de las principales motivaciones para consumir cibersexo es conocer a otras personas con fines románticas y/o sexuales. Parece que el género podría ser importante a la hora de modular la realización de este tipo de Actividad Sexual Online (ASO); sin embargo, los datos son escasos y no siempre apuntan a la misma dirección. Así mismo, tampoco se ha estudiado ampliamente el impacto que puede tener el hecho de tener una relación estable sobre el consumo de este tipo de ASO. Por ello, el objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la influencia del género y tener o no pareja estable sobre el uso y la selección de ASOs que impliquen la interacción sexual y/o romántica con otros usuarios online. Para ello, 120 personas de entre 18-48 años (59.17% mujeres, 40.83% hombres; 56.65% sin pareja estable, 43.35% con pareja estable) cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre conductas y prácticas sexuales online. El flirteo e insinuaciones a terceros es la ASO interactiva más común en hombres (55.1%) y mujeres (45.1%). Los hombres tienden a preferir aquellas ASO interactivas que buscan establecer contacto sexual offline, mientras que las mujeres presentan preferencia por el cibersexo online. Sin embargo, las diferencias de género solo son estadísticamente significativas para la búsqueda de pareja sexual online (χ2= 3.870; p=.049). El consumo de cibersexo interactivo es muy común en personas con una relación estable (89.5%-92.9%), de forma que no se aprecian diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto a los solteros para ninguna ASO. Este trabajo nos ha permitido demostrar que el género se constituye como un claro factor modulador en el uso y la selección de ASOs para conocer a gente con fines sexuales y/o románticos. No obstante, parece que el hecho de tener o no pareja estable no es un factor explicativo de este uso.

El uso de Internet con propósitos sexuales (p.e., visionado de pornografía o contacto sexual mediante chat o cámara web) resulta una práctica cada vez más generalizada. Si bien en la mayoría de los casos se realiza de forma recreativa, en algunas ocasiones puede sobrevenir compulsivo, incontrolado y asociado a deterioro funcional en varios ámbitos (adicción al cibersexo). Las escalas de las que disponemos para su diagnóstico se han visto limitadas a la hora de identificar estos pacientes debido a que algunos indicadores diagnósticos han perdido especificidad: por ejemplo, el tiempo online con fines sexuales parece no discriminar usuarios problemáticos debido al uso cada vez más intensivo de cibersexo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la bondad de diferentes indicadores diagnósticos a la hora de identificar perfiles de consumo adictivo mediante análisis clúster. A tal fin, 1000 hombres (18-35 años) completaron una batería de cuestionarios que evaluaba múltiples indicadores de consumo. El análisis clúster reveló la existencia de 2 perfiles: usuarios recreativos (51.8%) y posiblemente problemáticos (48.2%). Ambos perfiles únicamente diferían entre sí en cuanto a percepción de consumo problemático, niveles globales de hipersexualidad, puntuación en una escala de adicción al cibersexo y percepción de interferencia (ordenados en función de su relevancia diagnóstica). El hecho de que únicamente emerjan dos perfiles de consumo que además difieren poco entre ellos sugiere que cada vez es más difícil distinguir el consumo problemático del recreativo. Este trabajo se ha realizado gracias a dos proyectos de investigación financiados por la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón (P1.1B2012-49 y P1.1B2015-82).

Introducción: La muerte súbita cardiaca arritmogénica en sujetos sin cardiopatía estructural demostrable por métodos convencionales, es un magno conflicto clínico y de salud pública para la comunidad cardiológica internacional. Objetivo: Caracterizar pacientes con corazón aparentemente normal, reanimados de episodios de muerte súbita arritmogénica. Método: Durante 20 años (2000-2020), se realizó el Registro Nacional de 138 pacientes con aparente corazón normal, reanimados de episodios de muerte súbita arritmogénica e ingresados en el Servicio de arritmias y estimulación cardiaca, para su estudio, diagnóstico y tratamiento. Resultados: La entidad eléctrica más frecuente fue la fibrilación ventricular idiopática (29,7%, diagnóstico que puede cambiar con el tiempo al aparecer evidencia de alguna subpoblación específica); seguida del síndrome de Brugada (22,5%). El 73,2% correspodió a canalopatías en su conjunto. La arritmia causante de la muerte fue la fibrilación ventricular (43,8%), seguida de la torsión de puntas (14,7%). Hubo recidivas en 76,1%, ello obliga a tomar medidas terapéuticas con celeridad. Los signos eléctricos premonitorios fueron frecuentes (74,6%), ninguno es absoluto ni tampoco despreciable. La estimulación eléctrica se realizó en 50 pacientes, sólo en 10 (20%) se logró inducir la arritmia (frecuencia baja si se compara con otras series, no tenemos explicación para ello pues los protocolos fueron semejantes), la decisión terapéutica no se basó solamente en este estudio. Conclusión: La fibrilación ventricular idiopática y los síndromes de Brugada y de QT largo, son las entidades eléctricas más frecuentes en estos pacientes y la fibrilación ventricular la arritmia responsable de la muerte súbita en la mayor parte de los casos. Las recidivas y los signos eléctricos predictores son muy frecuentes; la estimulación eléctrica tiene valor aunque existen falsos positivos y negativos y por sí sola no debe decidir la conducta terapéutica.

Introducción: El desfibrilador automático implantable es opción terapéutica en pacientes de alto riesgo con síndrome de Brugada (SB). El objetivo fue describir la evolución clínica de una serie de pacientes con SB y desfibriladores implantados en dos centros de atención terciaria. Métodos: Entre abril/1998 y noviembre/2019 se implantaron desfibriladores a 64 pacientes con SB. Se realizó seguimiento al mes, a los 3 meses y semestralmente. Resultados: Diecinueve debutaron con muerte súbita cardiaca (MSC) abortada, 36 con síncopes y 9 estaban asintomáticos, edad media 43.8 años, 49 del sexo masculino. El 96.2% tenía electrocardiograma convexo espontáneo en al menos una derivación precordial derecha y 12 antecedentes familiares de MSC. Se realizó estimulación eléctrica programada a 52, 12 fueron inducibles. Catorce presentaron complicaciones relacionadas con el sistema electrodo/generador y 19 tuvieron choques inadecuados. Dos pacientes tomaron sulfato de quinidina desde el implante por arritmias auriculares y dos fallecieron en circunstancias no aclaradas, del resto, en un seguimiento medio de 120.5±74.8 meses, 17 (28.3%) tuvieron choques adecuados, 12 habían debutado con MSC y 5 con síncopes, los factores de riesgo para presentar arritmias ventriculares malignas fueron: sexo masculino, MSC abortada al debut, mayor seguimiento y choques inadecuados. La supervivencia (Kaplan Meier) fue inferior en sintomáticos versus asintomáticos (p=0,042), y en debutantes con MSC versus con síncope (p=0,0034). Conclusiones: Los pacientes sintomáticos con SB son de alto riesgo. Las complicaciones a largo plazo relacionadas con los desfibriladores automáticos implantados son trascendentes. La decisión de implantar desfibriladores a pacientes asintomáticos continúa siendo un desafío clínico.

Even though sexually transmitted infections are usually associated with early stages of development, current studies focus on the older population. However, limited efforts are related to this group, due to some aspects such as the invisibility of their sexuality. This is more frequent, when it comes to socially penalized behavior, as the case of infidelity. For this reason, this study analyzes condom use by older people, in the context of infidelity, as well as the role that psychological variables and new sexual contexts, such as the Internet, could play. For this, 244 people (47.5% men and 52.5% women), with an average age of 64.4 years (SD= 5.32), completed a battery of questionnaires on sexuality that evaluated attitudes and practices, as well as condom use. Firstly, 22% of people have been unfaithful to their partners and, only 25.9% of these people have used the condom systematically; 29.7% of men and 17.6% of women have it done (Chi2 =,885; p≤,347). In this context, those people who do not use condoms report a higher level of sexual arousal before physical stimuli (M=4,55, SD=1,83) than those who use it (M=3,36, SD=1,94) (t =-2.05, p≤,045) and a higher use of the Internet for sexual purposes. In particular, online sexual activities would explain 18% of the variance of condom use (F=11,32; p≤,001). Thus, our findings emphasize the importance of opening the coverage of preventive programs to the elderly population, as well as of studying new sexual scenarios such as online that may play an important role in risk behaviors. This project has been funded by the Dávalos Fletcher Foundation.

Introduction: People with an alternative sexual orientation to heterosexuality have suffered and continue suffering discrimination by sectors of society reluctant to accept diversity, which in certain cases, is translated into verbal or physical aggression. Socialization and heteronormative education seem to be behind, which would explain that older people (those who lived and were educated in a historical moment where society was less tolerant of affective-sexual diversity) have been victimized largely. However, the violence towards this group remains silent and we hardly have statistics that offer a reliable image of this reality. Objective: The objective of this work is to know what percentage of the elderly have suffered violence due to their sexual orientation. Methodology: 449 Spaniards, between 40-70 years (M=47.21, SD=6.75), participated in this study (51.7% men, 48.3% women). In terms of orientation, 90.2% self-defined as heterosexual, 3.8% homosexual and 6% bisexual. They all completed an ad hoc questionnaire of sexual orientation and discrimination. Specifically, the discrimination was assessed through two questions: “Have you ever suffered any verbal aggression due to your sexual orientation?” and “Have you ever suffered any physical aggression due to your sexual orientation?”, both dichotomous (“Yes” / “No”). Results: Among homosexuals, 85.7% of men and 33.3% of women have suffered verbal violence due to their sexual orientation; likewise, 21.4% of men have suffered physical assaults, compared to 0% of homosexual women. Regarding bisexual people, 18.8% of men and 9.1% of women have received verbal violence, but none would report physical aggression. Finally, the percentage of heterosexual people who reported having suffered verbal aggressions due to their sexual orientation is only 3.5% in men and 1.5% in women, and only 1% of women report physical aggression. The differences in the percentage of physical and verbal aggressions according to sexual orientation reach in both cases the level p.001. Conclusions: These results confirm the significant levels of discrimination suffered by the elderly with an alternative sexual orientation to heterosexuality, especially by homosexual men. Thus, like institutions and associations develop programs to prevent LGTBI violence in young people, victimization among older adults should be addressed too, which would minimize their psychosocial impact on this group.

The advances in information and communication technologies during the last years have facilitated a widespread use of the Internet. Adolescents use the Internet as a natural and regular way to communicate, entertain and perform school tasks. Although many benefits may derive from the use of the Internet, it is necessary to consider that it is not exempt from risks such as involuntary exposure (IE) to sexual material. Given the consequences that such exposure can have (especially at early ages), our objective has been to analyze the main emotional reactions during the IE to sexual material, exploring possible differences according to gender, the age of the first IE and the previous use of pornography. Method: 284 adolescents (47.9% boys; 52.1% girls) aged 13-17 years (mean=14.8; SD=0.98), completed an ad hoc questionnaire for the evaluation of different dimensions involved in IE to sexual contents. Results: 85.9% affirmed to have been exposed involuntarily to sexual material on the Internet, being the mean age of the first exhibition of 12.1 years (SD = 1.66). Among the main emotional reactions, surprise (53.3%), disgust (37.6%), shock (21.9%) and confusion (21.9%) stand out. Likewise, 20.2% experienced interest or distraction, 19.1% embarrassed and 19% became sexually aroused. Gender analysis shows significant differences in feeling disgust (Chi2=39.37; p=0.000), interest or distraction (Chi2=21.59; p=0.000), sexual arousal (Chi2=38.62; p=0.000), shame (Chi2=15.86; p=0.000), shock (Chi2=12.59; p=0.000) and confusion (Chi2=4.21; p=0.040). Depending on the age, significant negative correlations are obtained between the age of the first IE and experiencing interest or distraction (Rho=-0.202; p=0.006) or feeling sexual arousal (Rho=-0.273; p=0.000). Based on having used pornographic material previously, there are differences in feelings of disgust (Chi2=25.14; p=0.000), interest or distraction (Chi2=26.19; p=0.000), sexual arousal (Chi2=39.93; p=0.000), shame (Chi2=13.60; p=0.000) and shock (Chi2=4.74; p=0.029). Conclusions: The emotional reactions of adolescents to online sexual content involuntarily are different depending on variables such as gender, the age of the first IE and the previous use of pornographic material. Knowing those variables that modulate these reactions is fundamental to implement sex education programs in keeping with the reality of our adolescents, which may minimize the negative impact caused by the IE on their psychosexual development

Abstract Background Few reports have examined the association between unemployment and work disability in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome/Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (CFS/ME). This study explored the key determinants of work disability in a CFS/ME cohort. Methods A community-based prospective study included 1086 CFS/ME patients aged 18–65 years. Demographic and clinical characteristics and outcome measures were recorded. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to identify key risk indicators of work disability. Results Four hundred and fifty patients with CFS/ME were employed (41.4%) and 636 were unemployed (58.6%). Older age at pain onset (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1. 12–1.84, autonomic dysfunction (OR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.71–2.87), neurological symptom (OR: 1.66; 95% CI: 1. 30–2.13) and higher scores for fatigue (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 2.01–3.39), pain (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.47–2.97), depression (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1. 20–3.26), psychopathology (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.51–2.61) and sleep dysfunction (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1. 14–1.90) were all associated with a higher risk of work disability due to illness. Conclusions Using an explanatory approach, our findings suggest that unemployment is consistently associated with an increased risk of work disability due to CFS/ME, although further more rigorous research is now needed to help in targeting interventions at the workplace.

Algunos, sobre todo los jóvenes, suelen olvidar cómo surgieron las cosas, cuáles fueron los cimientos y la simiente de lo actual, porque lo que hoy se vive siempre tuvo su prólogo; también sucede con la electrofisiología clínica en Cuba. Estos esfuerzos previos no deben quedar en el olvido con el paso del tiempo y bueno es que se sepa por el camino que se anduvo, el que falta por recorrer, ahora el futuro en manos de otros protagonistas.

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex neuroimmune disorder characterized by numerous symptoms of unknown etiology. The ME/CFS immune markers reported so far have failed to generate a clinical consensus, perhaps partly due to the limitations of biospecimen biobanking. To address this issue, we performed a comparative analysis of the impact of long-term biobanking on previously identified immune markers and also explored additional potential immune markers linked to infection in ME/CFS. A correlation analysis of marker cryostability across immune cell subsets based on flow cytometry immunophenotyping of fresh blood and frozen PBMC samples collected from individuals with ME/CFS (n = 18) and matched healthy controls (n = 18) was performed. The functionality of biobanked samples was assessed on the basis of cytokine production assay after stimulation of frozen PBMCs. T cell markers defining Treg subsets and the expression of surface glycoprotein CD56 in T cells and the frequency of the effector CD8 T cells, together with CD57 expression in NK cells, appeared unaltered by biobanking. By contrast, NK cell markers CD25 and CD69 were notably increased, and NKp46 expression markedly reduced, by long-term cryopreservation and thawing. Further exploration of Treg and NK cell subsets failed to identify significant differences between ME/CFS patients and healthy controls in terms of biobanked PBMCs. Our findings show that some of the previously identified immune markers in T and NK cell subsets become unstable after cell biobanking, thus limiting their use in further immunophenotyping studies for ME/CFS. These data are potentially relevant for future multisite intervention studies and cooperative projects for biomarker discovery using ME/CFS biobanked samples. Further studies are needed to develop novel tools for the assessment of biomarker stability in cryopreserved immune cells from people with ME/CFS.

Aim of study: To identify the environmental variables that affect the Cicadomorpha communities and the role played by cover crops in olive groves by comparing olive orchards with cover crop to those with bare ground. Area of study: Córdoba, Spain. Material and methods: Two study plots, one with cover crop and the other with bare ground, were delimited in three areas of olives orchards. Three passive samplings (May, June and July) were performed in each study plot to estimate the abundance and the species richness of potential Cicadomorphas vectors of Xylella fastidiosa. In each sampling, eight yellow sticky traps (22 × 35 cm) were randomly distributed in each study plot (n = 144 traps). Main results: The Cicadomorpha communities were mainly affected by landscape variables (such as the total surface and the distance to remnants of natural vegetation) and environmental variables (such as the temperature, moisture or ETo), whereas cover crops played a secondary role in the abundance of the Cicadomorpha. Research highlights: The results of the study suggest that Cicadomorpha richness and abundance depend on the structural complexity provided by cover crops (positive effect) and live hedges (negative effect), which may be owing to the higher food abundance and shelter when cover crops are present, whereas higher insect predation may occur close to hedges, probably owing to insectivorous song birds.

As a response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have introduced steps such as spatial distancing and “staying at home” to curb its spread and impact. The fear resulting from the disease, the ‘lockdown’ situation, high levels of uncertainty regarding the future, and financial insecurity raise the level of stress, anxiety, and depression experienced by people all around the world. Psychoactive substances and other reinforcing behaviors (e.g., gambling, video gaming, watching pornography) are often used to reduce stress and anxiety and/or to alleviate depressed mood. The tendency to use such substances and engage in such behaviors in an excessive manner as putative coping strategies in crises like the COVID-19 pandemic is considerable. Moreover, the importance of information and communications technology (ICT) is even higher in the present crisis than usual. ICT has been crucial in keeping parts of the economy going, allowing large groups of people to work and study from home, enhancing social connectedness, providing greatly needed entertainment, etc. Although for the vast majority ICT use is adaptive and should not be pathologized, a subgroup of vulnerable individuals are at risk of developing problematic usage patterns. The present consensus guidance discusses these risks and makes some practical recommendations that may help diminish them.

La punción transeptal es un procediento seguro y generalizado para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las arritmias cardiacas localizadas en las cavidades izquierdas del corazón. En este artículo se describe la técnica con dos electrodos de registro intracavitario como referencia anatómica a partir de la experiencia inicial de los primeros doce casos.

Introduction: The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has proven useful in the primary and secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. The increase of its use motivates interest on its effectiveness outside the clinical trials. The first registration of an ICD implantation in Cuba is performed. Objective: To know the current situation of an ICD implantation in Cuba, regarding clinical data, indication, type of implant, device and complications of the procedure. Method: The registration’s data were obtained through the collection form, which was completed voluntarily by each implantation team during or after the implant. Results: The total number of implants was 121, and the rate of 10.76 per million inhabitants. The procedure was performed in 5 medical institutions in the country, and 69.4% of the devices were implanted at the «Instituto de Cardiología y Cirugía Cardiovascular». The mean age was 58.05 ± 14.83, with a predominance of men (71.1%). The 52.1% were primo-implantation, dual-chamber devices represented 43.8% and triple-chamber 16.5%. In the primoimplants predominated patients with ejection fraction ≤35% (42.9%), in sinus rhythm (92.1%), with functional class III-IV (49.2%) and ischemic heart disease (41.3%). The 79.4% of the first implants were secondary prevention, and sudden death (42.9%), the most common clinical presentation. Complications were infrequent (4.1%) and the hematoma predominated. Conclusions: The implantation rate of the ICD per million inhabitants is comparable with that of Latin American countries. The implants of triple-chamber systems and in primary prevention are still modest.

In general, attitudes and behaviours of parents may influence on the configuration of children’s habits. However, it is unclear what extent this influence could exist on important stages such as adolescence, in which their peers are the main reference and exercise a powerful modelling. For this reason, our study explores if certain behaviours and attitudes of parents are related to the consumption and/or attitudes of their children regarding alcohol and other drugs. A total of 331 adolescents (47.2% boys, 52.7% girls) with ages between 13 and 18 years old (M=14.8, SD=1.02) completed the CIACS-2 (Ballester y Gil, 2007). Half of the girls and 70% of the boys have been drunk, at least, once ( X ²=12.72, p=.005). In addition, approximately 25% of boys and girls disagree with the affirmation “I would not use any drug for perceiving fear of its effects”. In this context, positive parental attitudes towards alcohol consumption and their parents’ consumption are associated with the fact that adolescents have ever gotten drunk, consume alcohol on weekends and have positive attitudes towards it. Similarly, positive attitudes toward drugs among family members are related to adolescents’ underestimate of its adverse effects. The risk behaviours and attitudes of relatives seem to modulate, negatively, adolescents’ beliefs and behaviours. Therefore, and taking into account the role of parents as models, it seems essential to design more preventive strategies aimed at family responsible, as well as adolescents.

The Internet has become a useful tool for our adolescents but it is not free of risks. One of them is the unwanted exposure (UE) to sexual content with the consequences that such exposure may have on their psychosexual development. Our objective was to analyse the consequences of being exposed to cybersex taking into account possible differences depending on the age of the first UE, the gender and type of content seen. 284 adolescents (47.9% boys; 52.1% girls) from Castellón (Spain), aged 13-17 years (mean=14.8; SD=0.98) completed an a d h o c questionnaire for the evaluation of different dimensions involved in the UE to cybersex. Results show a high frequency of UE to cybersex (85.9%) being the mean age of the first exposure 12.1 years (SD=1.66). Among the main consequences after the UE, we can highlight symptoms of avoidance/emotional dullness (51.4%), sexual symptoms (44.7%) and increased physiological activation (39.4%). To a lesser extent, symptoms of reexperimentation (29.4%) appeared. Likewise, significant and negative correlations are observed between the age of the first UE and some symptoms of r e e x p e rim e n t a tio n (eg., images/thoughts related to exposure: rho=.232;p=0.001); e m o tio n al d ulln e s s (eg., less ability to feel emotions/affects (rho=-.171;p=0.020); in c r e a s e d a c tiv a tio n (eg., startling easily/exaggeratedly: rho=-0.195;p=0.008); and s e x u al s y m p t o m s (eg., fantasies/impulses to unusual objects/situations: rho=-0.201;p=0.006). Depending on the gender, there are differences in the r e e x p e rie n c e of images/thoughts related to exposure (Chi2=13.89;p=0.000); a v oid a n c e / e m o tio n al d ulln e s s (eg., difficulty in remembering details of the exposure: Chi2=5.99;p=0.010); in c r e a s e d a c tiv a tio n (eg., concentration difficulties: Chi2=8.06;p=0.004); and s e x u al s y m p t o m s (eg., sexual fantasies/impulses towards unusual objects/situations: Chi2=12.84;p=0.000). All of them are more frequent in men, except for the avoidance symptoms. Finally, significant differences are observed in all the symptoms blocks evaluated based on having or not having seen certain contents. It is necessary to educate our adolescents sexually to minimize the negative impact of UE to online sexual content.

The practice of cybersex is a frequent behavior that can lead to a pattern of compulsive and uncontrolled consumption together with a functional impairment in various areas (addiction to cybersex). Therefore, knowing the reasons that explain this behavior (both recreationally and pathologically) is a priority. The aim of this work was to analyze the prevalence of different reasons for cybersex consumption, their differences according to gender and to explore the link between these motives and the symptoms of problematic use. Evaluating a sample of 400 young people (50% men) between 18-30 years old (M=22.2), it is found that the most frequent motives for using the Internet for sexual purposes are “finding material with which to masturbate” (70.8% ) and “relax from the stress of my obligations” (44%). Depending on the gender, we observe moderate to large differences (V≥.10) in 6 out of the 8 motivations explored. Finally, some of these motives predict 15% of the variance of the weekly time spent on cybersex consumption and 32% of the scores on a severity scale.

In education of people with intellectual disability (ID) it is important that the main agents involved (users, parents and professionals working with them) have common criteria about educational objectives in general, and especially, in sexuality. However, the three perspectives do not always coincide with the consequences of it. Taking into account the importance of identifying common needs and goals, we propose this work with the objective of knowing the degree of agreement between: 1) the knowledge that users have about sexuality and the attribution their parents and professionals made about them and 2) the opinion of parents, professionals and users on the need to provide/receive affective-sexual education. For this, 92 adults with ID (45.6% women, 54.4% men) with ages between 19 and 67 year old (M=37.5) and their parents and professionals, completed an instrument where they were asked about knowledge about sexuality and the interest of receiving training in affective-sexual education. Results indicate agreement respect to sexuality knowledge of 36.7% between parents and users and 58.4% between professionals and users. Regarding the agreement of the need to receive training in affective-sexual education, this was 75.5% between parents and users and 88.5% between professionals and users. The agreement between the three regarding this issue was high (74.7%). From these results we can conclude that professionals are better aware of the needs, skills and knowledge of the users than their own parents are but, all have in common the identification of the need to introduce in a standardized way affective-sexual education in this group.

The Internet more increasingly seems to be used to socialize as well as to engage in sexual relations. Cybersex can provide some benefits, but also facilitates the exposure to some risks such as the easiness of lying about one’s identity and characteristics, and the difficulty of verifying this information by the interlocutor. The motivation may be to explore one’s sexuality, but also try to hide complexes or try to deceive the other person. Our objective is to analyse to what extent lies are frequent in cybersex and their relation to different variables. 1.907 people (45.9% women) aged between 18-50 years (Mean=27.9; SD= 9.72) were administered an online battery. 97.4% of men and 75.8% of women used the Internet for sexual purposes (Chi square=141.89, p 0.000). 31.3% of these men lied about some aspects of their appearance, compared to 24.5% of women (Chi square=5.36, p0.021). The content of the lies was mainly different aspects of his/her life (studies, work, family, friends, ...) with 10.8% of men and 7.4% of women; followed by age (10.6% and 6.5% respectively); the physical appearance (7.7% and 4.6%); and the fact of being man or woman (3.2% and 1.8%). There was no relationship with age and self-esteem, but was with the number of hours connected to sexual websites, the concern about the cybersex use, the degree of sexual compulsivity, addiction to cybersex, sex and the internet, and sexual sensation seeking. While the percentage of heterosexuals who lied was 21%, in bisexuals and homosexuals it exceeded 40% (Chi square=55.74, p0.000). In conclusion, the lies in cybersex are not only frequent but also closely related to a problematic or addictive use of it.

Se trata de paciente masculino de 21 años, que inicialmente presentó cifras elevadas de tensión arterial, se realizó un ecocardiograma, una prueba de esfuerzo y electrocardiogramas, que fueron normales. Posteriormente presentó dos cuadros de pérdida súbita de la conciencia de corta duración y recuperación espontánea, para lo cual acude a Emergencias y en electrocardiogramas seriados se constata patrón tipo1 de Síndrome de Brugada.