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En este trabajo se realizan tres modestas aportaciones a la discusión sobre la sociedad nula desde la perspectiva de la Parte General del Derecho de Sociedades: la primera afirma que el contenido de esta doctrina se limita a los aspectos jurídico-reales o patrimoniales en sentido estricto, es decir, que la doctrina de la sociedad nula no aporta ninguna «regla» a la doctrina de la nulidad del contrato de sociedad y, por tanto, que su regulación no puede verse como expresión de la voluntad del legislador de reducir el elenco de causas de nulidad del contrato de sociedad en relación con otros contratos). La segunda es que la inscripción registral es irrelevante a efectos de aplicar la doctrina de la sociedad nula y esta conclusión vale tanto para las sociedades de personas como para las sociedades de capitales. Y la tercera es que no hay nulidad del contrato ni se aplica la doctrina de la sociedad nula (y no hay que proceder a la liquidación sino a la restitución al dominus del bien de su propiedad) cuando se aportan bienes al patrimonio social por uno de los socios que carece de la capacidad de obrar o del poder de disposición sobre el bien.

Bendamustine is a drug widely used in the treatment of follicular lymphoma. Although it was initially approved as monotherapy in patients refractory to rituximab [1], better results were obtained w...

Progress in micro-electromechanical systems has turned inertial sensor units (IUs) into a suitable tool for vertical jumping evaluation. In total, 9 men and 8 women were recruited for this study. Three types of vertical jumping tests were evaluated in order to determine if the data provided by an IU placed at the lumbar spine could reliably assess jumping biomechanics and to examine the validity of the IU compared with force plate platform recordings. Robust correlation levels of the IU-based jumping biomechanical evaluation with respect to the force plate across the entire analysed jumping battery were found. In this sense, significant and extremely large correlations were found when raw data of both IU and force plate-derived normalised force-time curves were compared. Furthermore, significant and mainly moderate correlation levels were also found between both instruments when isolated resultant forces' peak values of predefined jumping phases of each manoeuvre were analysed. However, Bland and Altman graphical representation demonstrated a systematic error in the distribution of the data points within the mean ±1.96 SD intervals. Using IUs, several biomechanical variables such as the resultant force-time curve patterns of the three different vertical jumps analysed were reliably measured.

Handball is one of the most challenging sports for the knee joint. Persistent biomechanical and jumping capacity alterations can be observed in athletes with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Commonly identified jumping biomechanical alterations have been described by the use of laboratory technologies. However, portable and easy-to-handle technologies that enable an evaluation of jumping biomechanics at the training field are lacking.To analyze unilateral/bilateral acceleration and orientation jumping performance differences among elite male handball athletes with or without previous ACL reconstruction via a single inertial sensor unit device.Case control descriptive study.At the athletes' usual training court.Twenty-two elite male (6 ACL-reconstructed and 16 uninjured control players) handball players were evaluated.The participants performed a vertical jump test battery that included a 50-cm vertical bilateral drop jump, a 20-cm vertical unilateral drop jump, and vertical unilateral countermovement jump maneuvers.Peak 3-dimensional (X, Y, Z) acceleration (m·s(-2)), jump phase duration and 3-dimensional orientation values (°) were obtained from the inertial sensor unit device. Two-tailed t-tests and a one-way analysis of variance were performed to compare means. The P value cut-off for significance was set at P.05.The ACL-reconstructed male athletes did not show any significant (P.05) residual jumping biomechanical deficits regarding the measured variables compared with players who had not suffered this knee injury. A dominance effect was observed among non-ACL reconstructed controls but not among their ACL-reconstructed counterparts (P.05).Elite male handball athletes with previous ACL reconstruction demonstrated a jumping biomechanical profile similar to control players, including similar jumping performance values in both bilateral and unilateral jumping maneuvers, several years after ACL reconstruction. These findings are in agreement with previous research showing full functional restoration of abilities in top-level male athletes after ACL reconstruction, rehabilitation and subsequent return to sports at the previous level.

Handball sport is a good example of a highly strenuous body-contact team sport with a strong emphasis on running speed, jumping, abrupt changes in direction and throwing in which enormous forces are developed around the knee joint. Due to handball’s intrinsic need for abrupt changes in direction and unplanned action management, as well as the high game intensity, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is one of the most frequent devastating injuries among handball players. Moreover, an incomplete or insufficient rehabilitation program following an ACL injury may increase the risk of both re-injury and injury of the unaffected contra lateral knee. Thus, the identification of functional, biomechanical and neuromuscular deficits before discharging these patients from rehabilitation appears to be crucial for ACL re-injury prevention in this population. However, the scientific literature has still several concerns that despite previous conscientious scientific efforts made, remains sparse and to be clarified yet. This cornerstones are: the optimums rehabilitation type for successful ACL injury recovery, and the gold standard for an evidence based, objective and clinically feasible criteria for a save and competitive return to play after the suffering of this knee injury. Through a biomechanical approach to ACL injury management this chapter aims to help the clinician to understand the main biomechanical and functional aspects to deal when treating with an ACL injured handball player.

// Fernando Franco 1, 2 , Julia Gonzalez-Rincon 3, 4 , Javier Lavernia 2, 5 , Juan F. Garcia 6 , Paloma Martin 4, 7 , Carmen Bellas 4, 7 , Miguel A. Piris 4, 8 , Lucia Pedrosa 3 , Jose Miramon 2, 9 , Jose Gomez-Codina 2, 10 , Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu 2, 11 , Isidro Machado 12 , Carmen Illueca 12 , Jesus Alfaro 2, 13 , Mariano Provencio 1, 2, * and Margarita Sanchez-Beato 2, 3, * 1 Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain 2 GOTEL (Spanish Lymphoma Oncology Group), Madrid, Spain 3 Group of Research in Lymphomas, Medical Oncology Department, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro-Segovia de Arana, Madrid, Spain 4 Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Cancer (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain 5 Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain 6 Pathology Department, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain 7 Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain 8 Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Madrid, Spain 9 Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Serrania de Ronda, Malaga, Spain 10 Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politecnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain 11 Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Insular de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain 12 Pathology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia, Spain 13 Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Oncologico de Kutxa, Donostia, Spain * Joint senior authors Correspondence to: Margarita Sanchez-Beato, email: msbeato@idiphim.org Keywords: primary breast lymphoma; diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; cell of origin; NFkB pathway; PIM1 Received: August 09, 2017 Accepted: October 03, 2017 Published: October 24, 2017 ABSTRACT Primary breast lymphoma is a rare form of extra-nodal lymphoid neoplasm. The most common histological type is the diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which represents 60–80% of all the cases. Our study analyzes the mutational profile of the primary lymphoma of the breast through targeted massive sequencing with a panel of 38 genes in a group of 17 patients with primary breast diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Seventy-point-five percent of the patients presented with stage IE and 29.5% with stage IIE. 44% of the cases correspond to lymphomas with germinal center phenotype and 33.3% to activated B-cell. The genes with a higher mutational frequency include PIM1 (in 50% of the analyzed samples), MYD88 (39%), CD79B, PRDM1 and CARD11 (17%), KMT2D , TNFIAP3 and CREBBP (11%). The profile of mutant genes involves mostly the NFκB signaling pathway. The high frequency of mutations in PIM1 compared with other lymphomas may have implications in the clinical presentation and evolution of this type of lymphoma.

Context:The muscular function restoration related to the type of physical rehabilitation followed after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using autologous hamstring tendon graft in terms of strength and cross-sectional area (CSA) remain controversial.Objective:To analyze the CSA and force output of quadriceps and hamstring muscles in subjects following either an Objective Criteria-Based Rehabilitation (OCBR) algorithm or the usual care (UCR) for ACL rehabilitation in Spain, before and 1 year after undergoing an ACLR.Design:Longitudinal clinical double-blinded randomized controlled trial.Setting:Sports-medicine research center.Patients:40 recreational athletes (30 male, 10 female [24 ± 6.9 y, 176.55 ± 6.6 cm, 73.58 ± 12.3 kg]).Intervention:Both groups conducted differentiated rehabilitation procedures after ACLR. Those belonging to OCBR group were guided in their recovery according to the current evidence-based principles. UCR group followed the national conventional approach for ACL rehabilitation.Main Outcome Measures:Concentric isokinetic knee joint flexor-extension torque assessments at 180°/s and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) evaluations were performed before and 12 months after ACLR. Anatomical muscle CSA (mm2) was assessed, in Quadriceps, Biceps femoris, Semitendinous, Semimembranosus, and Gracilis muscles at 50% and 70% femur length.Results:Reduced muscle CSA was observed in both treatment groups for Semitendinosus and Gracilis 1 year after ACLR. At 1-year follow-up, subjects allocated to the OCBR demonstrated greater knee flexor and extensor peak torque values in their reconstructed limbs in comparison with patients treated by UCR.Conclusions:Objective atrophy of Semitendinosus and Gracilis muscles related to surgical ACLR was found to persist in both rehabilitation groups. However, OCBR after ACLR lead to substantial gains on maximal knee flexor strength and ensured more symmetrical anterior-posterior laxity levels at the knee joint.

We reviewed 55 patients diagnosed with primary breast lymphoma, stages IE and IIE, in 16 Spanish institutions. Of the 55 cases, 96.4% corresponded to non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Results of 5-year progression-free and overall survival were 73% and 76%, respectively. Current treatments achieve good control of the disease, with an overall survival of 5 years in 80% of the patients.Introduction: Primary breast lymphoma is a rare form of localized extranodal lymphoma, which affects the mammary glands unilaterally or bilaterally, and can also affect the regional lymph nodes. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 55 patients, with disease stages IE and IIE, diagnosed in 16 Spanish institutions between 1989 and 2016. A serial of clinical variables and treatment were collected, and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were calculated. Results: Of the 55 patients, 96.4% were women with an average age of 69 years. A total of 53 patients corresponded to non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), of whom 36.3% had lymph node involvement upon diagnosis. Of the patients, 58.2% were stage IE, and 41.8% were stage IIE. Treatments received included radiotherapy (36.3%), chemotherapy (85.5%), and rituximab (in 38 of the 45 patients with NHL treated with chemotherapy). In all, 82.2% of complete responses were achieved. OS and progression-free survival at 5 years in NHL patients was 76% and 73%, respectively. Conclusion: Current treatments (chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy) achieve good control of the disease, with an OS of 5 years in 80% of the patients, although there is no consensus in treatment, given the scarce incidence of these lymphomas. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Persistent biomechanical and jumping capacity alterations have been observed among female athletes who have sustained anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. The purpose of this study was to examine if biomechanical jumping differences persist among a cohort of elite female handball players with previous ACL reconstruction several years after return to top-level competition. In order to achieve this goal, a direct mechanics simplified analysis by using a single Inertial Sensor Unit (IU) was used. Twenty-one elite female (6 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed and 15 uninjured control players) handball players were recruited and evaluated 6.0 ± 3.5 years after surgical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Bilateral and unilateral vertical jumps were performed to evaluate the functional performance and a single inertial sensor unit was employed in order to collect 3D acceleration and 3D orientation data. Previously ACL-reconstructed analysed athletes demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) alterations in relation to the three-dimensional axis (X-Y-Z) supported accelerations and differing jump phase durations, including jumping performance values, in both bilateral and unilateral jumping manoeuvres several years after ACL reconstruction. Identification of the encountered deficits through the use of an IU devise could provide clinicians with a new reliable tool for movement analysis in a clinical setting.

The present work reports on an assessment of the relative importance of the nature of solvent and the applied power on the liquid-phase microwave-assisted processes (MAP) extraction of ginger ( Zingiber officinale ). The dielectric properties of the matrix was also modified in a controlled fashion by the addition of strongly absorbing substances that do not alter the quality of the extract and that do not involve supplementary steps for the recovery of the extract while allowing greater yield in much reduced extraction times when compared to conventional Soxhlet procedures. These results show the potential value of controlling the energy density of the system and the possibility of using a benign chemical such as water as a “lens” to enhance microwave-assisted processes such as the extraction of natural products from plant material.

The functional properties of Caryodendron orinocense protein product were investigated and compared with those of soybean (Glycina maxima). The product protein content was 24.47 g/100 g (Nx6.25). Solubility increased at both sides of the isoelectric point (pH 4.0) and with increased NaCl concentration up to 0.5M. Compared with soybean flour (50% protein), the protein product exhibited higher water and oil absorption, but lower emulsifying activity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity, and foam stability, the last one increase at higher pH. Emulsifying activity, foaming capacity, and foam stability were ionic strength dependent. C. orinocense protein product increased its emulsifying activity steadily from 0.05M to 0.75M NaCl, while it remained almost constant for soybean flour. Foaming capacity increased drastically at pH 10. The minimum time and concentration to form a gel was 20% in 4 min and 10% in 8 min for the Caryodendron protein product and soybean flour, respectively. The bulk density was 0.5056+/-0.0041 g/mL.

Objectives/Hypothesis Proteins p53 and cyclin D1 play a crucial role in cell cycle control. Protein p53 mutations are one of the most common genetic alterations in human cancer, and cyclin D1 gene amplification has been found to be associated with poor prognosis in different types of tumors. Functional alterations of these proteins may play an important role both in the carcinogenesis of squamous carcinomas of the head and neck and in the clinical evolution of these tumors. The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether the presence of p53 and/or cyclin D1 proteins (detected by immunohistochemical analysis) could serve as relevant variables for the assessment of the prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Study Design Retrospective multicentric study. Methods Paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens from 62 human epidermoid laryngeal carcinomas were randomly selected. The expression of p53 and cyclin D1 was examined by means of immunohistochemical analysis with a view to evaluating whether there is a correlation between the aberrant expression of these proteins and disease prognosis. Results In the sample, the presence of immunohistochemically detectable p53 is associated with shorter survival and disease-free intervals, as shown in Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis. Indeed, multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the accumulation of p53 is an independent prognostic factor, which is associated with shorter survival. This association was not evident in the case of cyclin D1. Conclusion A more precise prognosis of patients with laryngeal epidermoid carcinomas could be achieved by taking into account the presence of p53 (as assayed by immunohistochemical analysis) in biopsy tissue .