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Here, the full genome sequences of 22 T1-like bacteriophages isolated from wastewater are reported. Eight (BlueShadow, Brooksby, Devorator, ElisaCorrea, Reinasaurus, SorkZaugg, Supreme284, ZeroToHero) were isolated on Citrobacter , six on Klebsiella (Chell, FairDinkum, HazelMika, Opt-817, P528, PeteCarol), and eight on Escherichia (Fulano1, Mishu, Opt-719, PhleaSolo, Punny, Poky, Phunderstruck, Sadiya).

Introduction EUS guided tissue acquisition is an extensively used investigation to confirm the histopathological diagnosis in PB lesions. The Joint Advisory Group (JAG) suggests an adequacy rate of more than 75% for EUS-Fine Needle Aspiration cytology (FNAC) [1]. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic performance, adequacy of tissue acquisition and safety of EUS-FNA in PB lesions in a non-HPB centre in the UK. Methods We carried out a retrospective audit of all patients (identified from endoscopy and pathology database) who underwent EUS-FNA between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2018. Data collected include patient demographics, cross-sectional imaging, cytopathological diagnoses (Panc 1 to 5 based on European cytopathology classification of PB terminology[2]; neuroendocrine tumours were included in Panc 5), treatment modality, complications and 30 day procedure related mortality. Final diagnoses were confirmed from EUS FNAC, surgical resection specimen or cross-sectional imaging discussed in a MDT setting (if histology negative). Results A total of 152 patients [mean age 66.9 years, 53.9% females] underwent 161 PB EUS-FNAC procedures. 135 patients had a final diagnosis of cancer. 144 (89.4%) samples were deemed adequate for analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, overall accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 87.7%, 100%, 88.9%, 100%, and 46.7% respectively [with Panc3 included as false negative in patients with cancer as final diagnosis]. These figures would improve to 94.2%, 100%, 94.8%, 100%, and 66.7% respectively if Panc3 is excluded from false negative category in cancer group. There was no procedure related complications or mortality. Conclusion This study confirms that EUS-FNA of PB lesions can be highly effective and safely carried out in a non-HPB centre. Overall adequacy of tissue acquisition is in compliance with JAG guidelines. Our diagnostic yield is in in keeping with the published literature[2]. Our NPV is relatively low because the purpose of EUS-FNA was to confirm suspected cancer on cross-sectional imaging. Reference 1. JAG (Joint Advisory Group) on Gastrointestinal Endoscopy the. Guidance - JAG Summary guide to quality and safety indicators Dumonceau JM, et al. Indications, results, and clinical impact of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided sampling in gastroenterology: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline. Endoscopy 2017;49:695–714

The third Ruijin Chest International Forum was held in Shanghai on November 16th, 2018. The forum was based on the new developments in the minimally invasive treatment of thoracic tumors. It focused on the hot topics in the field of thoracic surgery, and it invited top experts from home and abroad to share their experiences.

Introduction In the UK, 85% of pancreatic cancer (PC) patients are inoperable at presentation with a median survival of 6–9 months1. BSG guidelines recommend that patients with PC should receive pancreatic enzyme supplementation to maintain bodyweight and improve quality of life1. It is not known whether pancreatic enzyme supplementation prolongs survival. In this study, we examined the impact of pancreatic enzyme supplementation in inoperable pancreatic cancer. Methods This was a single-centre retrospective study between January 2016 and June 2017. Consecutive patients deemed inoperable in the MDT were identified. Patients were subdivided in two cohorts, pancreatic enzyme supplement (PES) and Non-PES. Date of diagnosis was determined by the date of cross-sectional imaging. Use of pancreatic enzymes was determined through patient summary care records. All cases were followed up from the date of diagnosis until the date of death or censor date (31st December 2017). Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality. Results 62 patients were included (51 had histological confirmation, 11 were radiological diagnosis). Adenocarcinoma was the commonest histological finding. Anatomical distribution of tumours was – head/uncinate (27), neck (5), body (18) and tail (12). MPD dilatation was noted in 33 patients. The mean age among the PES and Non-PES groups were comparable at 70.9 (±9.9) and 72.2 (±9.5) years respectively. 48% were female in PES group compared with 40% in non-PES group. Median follow up was 133 days (IQR 187). Unadjusted median survival days in PES group was 221 [95% CI 107.4, 334.6] compared with 61 [95% CI 35.5, 86.5] in non-PES group. Cox regression models were fitted to adjust for effects of baseline characteristics. Survival was significantly better in PES group (Log Rank p=0.004) than that seen in non-PES group (figure 1). The survival difference remained significant after adjusting for gender, age, histology of pancreatic cancer, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and presenting body-mass index (n=53). Lack of pancreatic enzyme supplementation was associated with significant mortality risk, adjusted hazard ratio of 2.7 [95% CI 1.38, 5.31; p=0.004]. 21 (78%) and 17 (49%) patients in PES group (n=27) and non-PES group respectively were treated with palliative chemotherapy and the rest were treated with best supportive care. Conclusions Our study concludes that pancreatic enzyme supplementation is associated with improved survival in inoperable pancreatic cancer. Further prospective studies are required to confirm our findings.

Introduction In the UK, management of cancer patients are streamlined following discussions in the multi-disciplinary (MDT) meetings. There is growing evidence that MDT meetings play a key role in the management of complex benign diseases.1 Management of patients with complex pancreatico-biliary diseases can be challenging due to the lack of robust evidence. Further, widespread use of cross-sectional imaging has led to increased detection of incidental pathologies that may or may not be clinically relevant. In view of this, we established a benign HPB MDT in our institution to streamline the management of complex PB patients and report our experience over a period of 12 months. Method The weekly benign HPB MDT at JCUH is attended by HPB physicians, interventional GI radiologist, specialist nurse, specialist registrars, upper GI surgeon and the visiting surgeon from the regional tertiary HPB unit. Referrals are sent via a dedicated pro-forma and recommendations are recorded electronically on the trust’s info-flex software system. Retrospective analysis of a prospective maintained database was carried out between January 2017 to December 2017. Data was collected on patient demographics, cross-sectional imaging, diagnosis and clinical outcomes. Results 263 patients were discussed (55% males) for benign indications. Median age was 67 years (range 21–91 years). The main reasons for MDT referral are summarised below: Incidental pancreatic cysts 76 (29%) Pancreatitis (acute/chronic/recurrent) 61 (23%) Complex CBD stones 33 (13%) Indeterminate biliary stricture 17 (6%) Complex GB pathology 16 (6%) Unexplained biliary and pancreatic duct dilation on imaging 11 (4%) Autoimmune pancreatitis 3 (1%) Others [e.g. bile leak, choledochal cyst, duodenal polyp, liver cyst, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction etc] 46 (18%) The MDT’s recommendations were the following; Medical pancreatic clinic follow up: 53 Radiological surveillance: 86 Surgical clinic follow up: 53 Endoscopic interventions: 49 Radiological intervention: 8 Referral to regional tertiary HPB surgical clinic: 43 Discharge back to GP: 22 Conclusion Our data shows that the Benign HPB MDT facilitated the management of this complex group of HPB patients locally by the appropriate teams and fast tracked further management of selected complex patients at the regional centre requiring surgery and specialised endoscopic intervention. Reference . Noor LH, Bekkali, et al. The role of multidisciplinary meetings for benign pancreatobiliary diseases: a tertiary centre experience. Frontline GastroenterologyJuly 2017;8(3).

The book Minimally Invasive Gynecological Surgery , released in 2015 is about the latest advances in the field and the reasons why endoscopy is of importance in so many conditions. The only changes are devoted to the minimally invasive treatment of endometriosis, endometrial polyps, and adenomyosis. To know more about this book and the stories behind, we are pleased to invite Dr. Olav Istre to conduct an interview.

The results and methods section of a research paper are the two most essential parts of all research papers. These sections clearly explain the procedures for conducting the research study and how all of the data was gathered. These two sections are critical in the scientific process because they allow other researchers to reproduce the experiment or if they want to assess the data or apply other models to produce different results. Therefore, it is critical for the scientific process to make sure that these are written well. This chapter will delve into what needs to go into both of these sections, and how to format them.

The title page and the abstract are essential parts of any research paper or manuscript; therefore, it is vital to write them correctly and well. Why? For one, it is what researchers will use to determine if the manuscript’s content is relevant to their research for inclusion in their study. Two, online databases will use software to scan the abstract and the title page for specific keywords and ideas and use them for indexing. As a result, it is crucial to master the formatting and to understand the content which should be on a title page and inside the abstract to maximize the reach of a research paper. This chapter will delve into what is needed to write a proper title page and the abstract section, as well as providing general tips to keep in mind while drafting and writing.

Background Depression and anxiety are common, often comorbid, conditions, and Internet support groups for them are well used. However, little rigorous research has been conducted on the outcome of these groups. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an Internet support group in reducing depression and anxiety, and increasing social support and life satisfaction. Methods A randomized trial compared direction to an existing Internet support group for depression and anxiety with an online expressive writing condition. A total of 863 (628 female) United Kingdom, United States, and Canadian volunteers were recruited via the Internet. Online, self-report measures of depression, anxiety, social support, and satisfaction with life were administered at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Results All four outcomes – depression, anxiety, social support, and satisfaction with life – improved over the 6 months of the study (all P Conclusions Until further evidence accumulates, directing people with depression and anxiety to Internet support groups cannot be recommended. On the other hand, online expressive writing seems to have potential, and its use for people with depression and anxiety warrants further investigation. Trial Registration Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01149265; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01149265 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6hYISlNFT)

The English articles (a/an/the) are the most commonly used word in the English language; while simultaneously causing the most trouble for foreign writers during the revision and writing process. In the paper, preventing a troublesome revision process due to misused articles , it will delve deeper into why articles are essential, how to avoid using the wrong one, and the horrible communication mistakes that happen when misusing them. It will also provide authors with some quick tips and tricks for getting articles correct, and to make sure that submitted articles do not have any article problems.

This paper describes the use of open Web annotation (OWA) for collaborative learning among online communities. OWA is defined by the open standards, principles, and practices associated with the open Web. Specifically, this case study examines collaborative learning mediated by the OWA technology Hypothesis, a standards-compliant and open-source technology that situates collaboration in texts-as-contexts. Hypothesis OWA supports a repertoire of six collaborative learning practices: Affording multimodal expression, establishing connections across contexts, archiving activity, visualizing expertise and cognition, contributing to open educational resources, and fostering open educational practices. The use of Hypothesis OWA is then described in three online communities associated with scientific research and communication, educator professional development, and Web literacy and fact-checking. The article concludes by advancing three broad questions and related research agendas regarding how OWA as collaborative learning attends to linkages among formal and informal learning environments, the growth of both open educational resources and practices, and the use of open data as learning analytics.

Orientador: Prof. Dr. Paulo Henrique Gorgatti Zarbin Coorientador: Dr. Jeremy Dean Allison Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Entomologia. Defesa : Curitiba, 28/05/2018 Inclui referências: p.70-83 Resumo: O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o papel dos feromônios de contato das fêmeas no comportamento sexual de Hedypathes betulinus. Em laboratório, extratos cuticulares de H. betulinus foram manipulados de forma a fracionar as três diferentes classes de compostos presentes: fração H (alcanos saturados e metil ramificados), fração C (alquenos saturados) e fração E (compostos polares). Fêmeas de H. betulinus foram manipuladas para produzir três tratamentos, e sequencialmente apresentadas a machos: 1) morte por congelamento a -20°C; 2) extração de compostos epicuticulares; 3) reconstituição do extrato bruto, misturas individuais, binárias ou terciária de frações. Nossos resultados indicam que machos de H. betulinus dependem de pistas químicas para identificar fêmeas coespecíficas, os compostos químicos presentes na camada de cera epicuticular das fêmeas são indispensáveis no reconhecimento sexual desta espécie e os compostos necessários e suficientes para estimular a atividade de cópula em H. betulinus estão presentes na fração E. Análises de extratos epicuticulares brutos de indivíduos machos e fêmeas por cromatografia gasosa acoplada a espectrometria de massas (GC-EM) mostram diferenças nas concentrações dos compostos. Os únicos compostos macho-específicos encontrados foram (E)-geranilacetona e (R)-(E)-acetato do fuscumol, que são parte do feromônio sexual de longo alcance produzido por machos H. betulinus. (R)-(E)-acetato do fuscumol também foi encontrado em análises cromatográficas de frações E contendo extratos epicuticulares de cinco fêmeas. Esse composto apresenta concentrações muito diferentes em frações E de machos e fêmeas e bioensaios de acasalamento em laboratório mostram que o equivalente de fêmea do (R)- (E)-acetato do fuscumol sintético é suficiente para estimular a resposta de cópula em machos H. betulinus observada no bioensaio da fração E. Palavras-chave: Besouros serra-pau. Reconhecimento sexual. Feromônio de contato. Abstract: The main goal of this study was to evaluate the role of female contact pheromones in the mating behaviour of Hedypathes betulinus. In laboratory, cuticular extracts of H. betulinus were fractionated in the three different classes of compounds present in it: Fraction H (saturated and methyl-branched alkanes), Fraction C (saturated alkenes) and Fraction E (more polar compounds). Females of H. betulinus were manipulated to produce three treatments, and sequentially presented to males: 1) death by freeze at - 20°C; 2) extraction of epicuticular compounds; 3) reconstitution of the crude extract, individual, binary or tertiary blends of fractions. Our results indicate that male H. betulinus rely on chemical cues to identify conspecific females. The chemical compounds present on the epicuticular wax layer of females are required in mate recognition of this species. The necessary and sufficient compounds to stimulate mating activity in H. betulinus are present in the Fraction E. Analyses of male and female epicuticular crude extracts and fractions by gas chromatography along with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed diferences in concentrations of compounds. The only male-specific compounds were identified as (E)-geranilacetone and (R)-(E)-fuscumol acetate, which are part of the long-range sex-pheromone produced by males H. betulinus. (R)-(E)-fuscumol acetate is also present in chromatografic analyses of fractions E that contain epicuticular extracts of five females. This compound has very different concentrations in male and female Fractions E and mating bioassays in laboratory show that the female equivalent of this synthetic compound is sufficient to recover mating response in H. betulinus males observed in the fraction E bioassay. Key-words: Sawyer beetles. Mate recognition. Contact pheromones.