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A choristoma is defined as a growth of histologically normal tissue in an abnormal location. Epibulbar osseous choristoma is the rarest type among all ocular choristoma with less than 100 cases reported. Here, we report a case of epibulbar osseous choristoma combined with dermolipoma and a literature review.A 15-year-old female patient presented with an accidentally found subconjunctival mass in her left eye. Slit lamp examination revealed a 10 × 10 mm elevated, sigmoid-shaped mass in the supratemporal quadrant of the bulbar conjunctiva. We performed a debulking excisional biopsy of the mass.The pathology confirmed osseous tissue surrounded by mature adipose tissue. At 1 week after the operation, the wound was clear and the patient was satisfied with the treatment. A systematic literature review of 14 previously published cases taken from PubMed dating back to 1987 along with ours was undertaken. The average age at presentation was 11.6 years and there was a female preponderance with 10 cases being female and the other 5 cases being male. Supratemporal conjunctiva was the most common site of presentation. There was no systemic disease associated with any of the cases. Since it is a benign tumor, it can be managed by observation, but if necessary, it can be treated by surgical removal.In pediatric subconjunctival mass, particularly located in supratemporal quadrant of bulbar conjunctiva, osseous choristoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Pre-operative CT scans will helpful to not also reduce complication with surgical excision but also helpful in prediction of diagnosis and prognosis.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of HU00701 (0.01% cyclosporin A + 3% trehalose), HU007 (0.02% cyclosporin A + 3% trehalose) (all w/v), and placebo in patients with moderate to severe dr...

A systematic search for eyelid angiosarcoma was performed from inception to December 2020 in Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane databases. Forty two eyelid angiosarcoma cases in 32 articles were analyzed. Eyelid angiosarcomas showed an incidence peak in the eighth decade of life, and was reported more frequently in Caucasian males. Eyelid angiosarcomas were associated with a mortality rate of 26.2%, a recurrence rate of 14.3%, and a cure rate of 45.2%. Four years event-free survival (EFS) rate was 36.0%, with median EFS of 36 months. Eyelid angiosarcomas with bilateral involvement or metastasis showed higher mortality and recurrence rates than unilateral eyelid invasion cases. In the prognosis analysis according to treatment modalities, the mortality and recurrence rates were the lowest in patients who underwent surgical excision. The 4-year EFS probability in a group with surgical excision was 60.6%, but in a group without surgical excision it was 30.3%. A total of 45.2% of the cases was misdiagnosed and 21.4% of the cases could not be correctly diagnosed with the first biopsy trial. The prognosis for eyelid angiosarcomas was better than that of angiosarcomas invading the face and scalp. Surgical excision was the most important treatment modality; thus, should be considered as the first treatment of choice.

Based on the review of existing literature, we developed two primary research questions in this study: 1) what is the domain of slow fashion behavior? and 2)is the slow fashion behavior related to sustainability consciousness? To answer these questions, the present study aimed to 1) investigate slow fashion behaviors and develop a scale of slow fashion behavior and 2) examine the influence of sustainability consciousness, through the lenses of sustainability knowingness, attitudes and behaviors, on consumers’ slow fashion behaviors.

Mimicry consumption has been conceived as an impulsive buying behavior, often caused by peer pressure. So, previous research has been limited to the early stages of consumers' buying behavior and has examined a limited range of role models, such as celebrities, mothers, or innovators, However, consumers can access information and communicate directly or indirectly with not only celebrities but also their friends, family, and influencers, anytime and anywhere via social media. Social media today might play an important role as a trigger for mimicry consumption. With the explosive growth of social media, the market environment is advancing rapidly, and mimicry consumption behavior today has become more prominent than ever before. Mimicry consumption should not be treated as incomplete or impulse buying behavior. To better understand consumers' mimicry consumption behavior, this study explored consumers' SWLS as precedent elements that have an impact on mimicry consumption and Instagram activities as mediators.

We retrospectively compared the central corneal thickness (CCT) obtained by ultrasound pachymetry (USP; SP-3000, Tomey Corp., Nagoya, Japan), non-contact tonopachy (TP) (NT-530P, Nidek Co., Ltd., Gamagori, Japan), Pentacam HR (OCULUS Inc., Wetzlar, Germany), and RTVue optical coherence tomography (OCT) (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) in 78 eyes of 78 healthy subjects with myopia. Agreement between the measurement methods was evaluated using 95% confidence intervals for the limits of agreement (LoA). The mean CCT values were 546.9 ± 34.7, 548.1 ± 33.5, 559.2 ± 34.0, and 547.2 ± 34.8 μm for USP, non-contact TP, Pentacam, and RTVue, respectively. The thickest and the thinnest mean CCT values corresponded to those obtained by Pentacam HR and USP, respectively. Plots of the differences against the means showed the best agreement between USP and RTVue (LoA, 10.14-10.70 μm), while the largest discrepancy was observed between RTVue and Pentacam systems (LoA, -25.47-1.44 μm). Our data showed that CCT measurements using these 4 instruments were well correlated. However, the results from Pentacam differed significantly from those of the other instruments.

PURPOSE Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents have been used for the last 10 years, but their safety profile, including cytotoxicity against various ocular cells such as retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, remains a serious concern. Safety studies of VEGF agents conducted to date have primarily relied on healthy RPE cells. In this study, we assessed the safety of three anti-VEGF agents, namely, ranibizumab, bevacizumab, and aflibercept, on senescent RPE cells. METHODS Senescent human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE cells were generated by continuous replication and confirmed with senescence biomarkers. The viability, proliferation, protein expression, and phagocytosis of the senescent RPE cells were characterized 3 days after anti-VEGF treatment with clinical doses of ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or aflibercept. RESULTS Clinical doses of ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or aflibercept did not decrease the viability or alter proliferation of senescent RPE cells. In addition, the anti-VEGF agents did not induce additional senescence, impair the protein expression of zonula occludens-1 and RPE65, or reduce the phagocytosis capacity of senescent RPE cells. CONCLUSIONS Clinical dosages of ranibizumab, bevacizumab, or aflibercept do not induce significant cytotoxicity in senescent RPE cells.

Rationale Fungal keratitis (FK) is a severe vision-threatening disease that can lead to corneal perforation or endophthalmitis despite proper treatment. It is important to diagnose the disease promptly due to its indolent nature and disproportionate disease symptoms. Trichosporon asahii is reported rarely as the causative organism of FK. We report a case of highly unusual bilateral T asahii keratitis following ptosis surgery. Patient concerns An 86-year-old female underwent bilateral levator resection surgery for ptosis. Postoperatively, the patient complained of gradually worsening bilateral ocular pain and a decrease in visual acuity associated with a chronic non-healing epithelial defect. Diagnoses Both eyes of the patient were evaluated using best-corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp examination, fundus examination, and corneal culture. Multifocal deep stromal infiltrates were found in both corneas. Cultures from both corneal ulcers revealed growth of T asahii. Optical coherence tomographic examination showed bilateral macular edema. Interventions The patient was treated with revisional ptosis surgery, an antifungal agent for the corneal ulcer, and intravitreal injection of steroid for macular edema. Outcomes Both eyes recovered well. Her best-corrected visual acuity improved from 20/200 to 20/40 in the right eye and from 20/100 to 20/40 in the left eye. Lessons FK can develop in the cornea when certain risk factors are present, including recent lid surgery, chronic keratitis, and steroid eye drop use. Identification and correction of risk factors can be beneficial in the treatment of FK.

Rationale To report a case of herpes simplex virus (HSV) linear endotheliitis in a 57-year-old male who had underwent keratoplasty 10 years ago. The characteristic linear keratic precipitates (KPs) resembled the Khodadoust line in graft rejection. The differential diagnosis is essential, because the treatment regimen is different between HSV linear endotheliitis and graft rejection. Patient concerns The patient developed a sudden onset of ocular pain and a decrease in visual acuity in his right eye. The patient had received penetrating keratoplasty in the eye 10 years ago. Diagnoses The ocular disease was evaluated using several ocular examinations, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, slit lamp examination, fundus examination, and aqueous humor tap. Characteristic linear endothelial KPs were found both in the host cornea and graft cornea. Stromal edema was evident in both the donor and recipient corneas. The aqueous humor was sampled for viral polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. The sample was investigated for the possible presence of HSV I, HSV II, cytomegalovirus, and varicella zoster virus. The PCR was positive for HSV I and negative for HSV II, cytomegalovirus, and varicella zoster virus. Interventions The patient was treated with both antiviral and steroid treatments for 1 month. Thereafter, prophylactic antiviral treatment was continued. Outcomes The subjective symptoms had improved and the cornea edema and the linear endothelial KPs had disappeared. The BCVA improved from 20/200 to 20/80. Lessons HSV linear endotheliitis is the most severe form of HSV endotheliitis. This case showed characteristic endothelial KPs, which were different from the Khodadoust line of graft rejection.