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Community-based injury prevention under the International Safe Community model is a cost-effective and successful way to reduce injury and increase safety in communities. Safe community programs are important factors influencing overall health and major public health issues around the world. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate outcomes and achievements of the Busan Metropolitan International Safe Community program. For this study, we analyzed all data from 13 administrative agencies from 2009 to 2018 and compared each year of injury statistics with injury indicators including core indicator, supplementary indicators, and optional indicators as central data in order to identify outcomes of the Busan Metropolitan Safe Community program. We also evaluated effectiveness of programs through a statistical testing. The Sustainable Busan Metropolitan City Safety Community Program will contribute to realizing the government's goals for the Busan Metropolitan Safety policies and improving the quality of life for Busan citizens. We ultimately plan to contribute to an establishment of the safety culture targeting the whole citizens of all ages, genders, and social classes.

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a program to manage the depression of elderly people who live alone, which is now considered as a national and social crisis in South Korea. This study uses a similar experimental and retrospective before-and-after design with non-equivalent controls for a depression management program for the elderly who live alone. The experimental group who participated in the depression management program showed higher self-esteem and lower depression and suicide tendency scores than the control group who did not participate in the program. The depression management program was found to be an effective intervention that improves self-esteem and reduces depression and suicidal inclination among the elderly living alone. Since the effect was measured immediately after the experimental treatment, it is suggested that a long-term follow-up

The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a movie-based program to university nursing students to improve their negative awareness of mentally ill persons. The study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a nonequivalent control group. The program decreased the scores of authoritarianism and social restrictiveness toward mentally ill persons and increased the scores of benevolence and community mental health ideology among the experimental group than the control group who did not participate in the program. The movie-based mental illness awareness improvement program was found to be an effective intervention in improving the attitude of university nursing students toward mentally ill persons. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to expand the application of this program to various groups to promote national awareness. In addition, it is suggested that long-term follow-up studies should be conducted to consider individual personality differences and verify the persistence of the effects through repeated measurements.

Purpose: The aim of this review was to provide the preventive strategies for suicide in Asian countries with the understanding the current status of suicide in Asian countries such as China, Japan, Korea, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Methodology: We searched a systematic review and online literature from journal articles and other documents about suicide. Results: Sri Lanka has one of the highest suicide rates in the world and Vietnam has the lowest estimated prevalence, followed by China, Korea and Japan have low to medium rates. Some suicide-preventive strategies are used in the Asian countries but they are not popular. There are many training programe about mental health problems for community. Conclusion: Suicide intervention programs in Asia are limited because they are depended the sociocultural situations and economic transitions in the region so we need to coordinate with national suicide prevention organization to prevent the most effectivily suicide.

병원에서의 위기관리를 하는 주역인 간호사가 될 간호대학생의 감성역량에 대한 개념분석을 통해 개념의 명확한 속성과 이론적 기초를 마련하기 위함이다. 간호대학생의 감성역량을 잘 이해하는 것은 중요하며, 명확한 감성역량을 이해하고자 Walker & Avant(2005)의 개념분석 방법에 따라 여러 문헌 고찰을 통하여 분석하였다. 간호대학생의 감성역량의 속성은 (1) 자기 인식 및 관리, (2) 타인과 의 교감, (3) 학업에 대한 동기부여로 도출되었다. 간호대학생의 감성역량의 선행요인은 (1) 대인관 계 기술 필요, (2) 환자의 서비스 요구도 증가로 도출되었고, 간호대학생의 감성역량의 결과는 (1) 공감적 이해, (2) 조화로운 대인관계, (3) 학업 성취 향상으로 도출되었다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 속성을 모두 포함할 수 있는 간호대학생의 감성역량을 측정할 수 있는 도구의 개발이 필요하며, 이 개념을 적용한 중재 전략에 대한 후속연구가 이루어지기를 제언한다.

본 연구는 최근 우리나라에서 중요성이 부각되고 있는 소방공무원의 외상후 스트레스 예방 및 관리를 위하여 1차 예방교육, 2차 조기발견 및 치료를 위한 개인상담과 집단요법 및 3차 추후관리를 위한 사례관리 프로그램의 3단계로 구성되어진 통합 프로그램을 개발하고 이 프로그램을 실시한 후, 소방공무원들의 외상후 스트레스, 우울 및 수면장애에 미치는 효과를 검정하고자 하였다. Y시의 소방공무원 170명을 대상으로 한 본 연구에서 개발된 프로그램 시행 후 외상후 스트레스, 우울 및 수면장애의 점수가 유의하게 감소하여 프로그램의 효과가 검정되었다. 따라서 일선 현장에 본 연구에서 개발된 외상후 스트레스 통합관리 프로그램을 통한 개인적, 집단적 접근을 통하여 지속적이고 체계적인 심리지원서비스를 제공함으로써 소방공무원의 외상후 스트레스, 우울 및 수면장애를 경감시키는 중재 프로그램으로 활용할 수 있을 것이다. 향후 이 프로그램이 소방공무원의 실무에서 확대 보급되어지고, 중재기간에 따른 효과와 지속성을 검정하는 종단적인 연구가 지속되어져, 소방공무원들의 외상후 스트레스 관리를 위한 체계적인 정책수립이 수반되기를 제언한다.

Evidence-based approaches are prominent on the national and international agendas for health policy and health promotion. Thus the purpose of this research is to find out the need of a mental health program for the community and create an organized and all-around mental health program using the evidence-based practice. The research was done as a descriptive study with 861 randomly chosen subjects living in Seo-gu, Busan. After analyzing the data, the highest need of the citizens was in mental health promotion education program for the children and youth, and suicide prevention program in adults and the elderly. Therefore it was possible to create programs according to the stages of the life cycle, such as depression management guide and stress control programs for the children and youth, suicide prevention education, gate-keeper education program, programs for the family of suicide for adults and visiting programs for the elderly of the community.

첨단 산업의 발달로 인한 우리 사회의 급격한 변화는 다양한 스트레스를 증가시키고 있으며 우울및 자살 등을 유발시켜 정신건강 위기로 이어지고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 일개 구를 중심으로 정신건강 정도를 분석하여 정신건강 위기를 체계적으로 해결하기 위하여 근거기반의 과학적인 정책개발에기초자료를 제공하고자 시도하였다. 연구 대상자는 부산광역시 사하구 관내 56개 표본 조사구를계통 추출한 1,064명이며 서술적 조사연구이다. 대상자의 우울정도는 평균 10.95이었으며, 우울증유병률은 8.4%였다. 우울증 치료를 받지 않은 사람이 84.3%였다. 최근 1년 동안 자살 충동을 느낀사람은 전체의 3.9%이며, 그 중 실제 자살시도를 시도한 사람은 0.2% 이었다. 대상자 중 88.4%가일상생활 스트레스를 느낀다고 하였으며, 일상생활 스트레스의 가장 큰 요인으로는 경제적 어려움이라고 답하였으며, 연령별 일상생활 스트레스 정도는 연령이 높을 때보다 낮을수록 더 높았다. 따라서 본 연구에서 도출된 정신건강 현황을 토대로 우리나라의 정신건강 정책의 근본철학을 점검하고대상자별 정신건강정책의 개발, 우리사회의 정서표현 문화 개선, 지방자치단체의 자살기금 마련, 자살의 사회적인 대처방안 마련, 성장위주인 우리사회의 경쟁, 갈등 및 스트레스의 해결방안을 위한정책을 개발하고 지속적으로 추진할 것을 제언한다.

The purpose of this study was to examine the urban-rural differences in the prevalence and associated factors with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Korean adults. A total of 1,060 adults >30 yr of age from urban (189 males and 331 females) and rural districts (219 males and 321 females) were recruited. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, lipid profiles, and fasting and 2-hr after 75-g oral glucose load blood glucose were obtained. The crude- and age-standardized prevalence of T2DM was 15.4% and 14.5%, and 11.7% and 8.6% in urban and rural districts, respectively. Diabetic subjects were older and obese, and had a higher triglyceride level, and systolic blood pressure compared to non-diabetes in both population. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that older age, high triglyceride levels, central obesity, and hypertension were significantly associated with T2DM in both areas. Low monthly incomes were significantly associated with T2DM in urban population, while a family history of T2DM was significantly associated with T2DM in rural area. T2DM is more prevalent in urban than in rural population, and low economic status or genetic factor is differently associated with T2DM in both population, respectively.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to construct a structural equation model that would further explain the continuously increasing substance use disorder in Korean adolescents. Methods: Survey visits using a structured questionnaire were conducted with 3,885 students in 2 middle schools and 2 high schools in Busan. A total of 13 instruments were used in this model. The analysis of data was done with both SPSS 14.0 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 5.0 for covariance structure analysis. Results: Based on the constructed model, belief on substance use was found to have a significantly direct effect in influencing adolescent substance use. In addition, other factors such as family environment, satisfaction with school life, self-concept, social support, and personality vulnerability indirectly affected substance use. The final modified model yielded Chi-square=2,987 (p＜.001), df=121, 2/df=22.1, GFI=.96, AGFI=.93, NFI=.91, PNFI=.72, PGFI=.72, RMSEA=.07 and exhibited fit indices. Conclusion: This study constructed a model that addresses the factors related to adolescent substance use and explains the relationship of these factors in influencing substance use among Korean adolescents. Findings from this study can contribute to designing appropriate prevention strategies to reduce substance related disorders in adolescents.

PURPOSE: A user centered web-based mental health management system may be particularly useful in Korea where there is widespread diffusion of personal computers and internet connectivity. The purpose of this paper was to describe the development of a web-based system for mental health management in adolescents using principals of a user centered design. METHOD: Our design process includes five distinct phases: needs assessment, analysis, design, development/testing/revision, and application release. RESULTS: Web content includes an introduction, information about mental health management in adolescents, self-assessment and guidance, interventions for improving mental health, directory of self-help groups, and counseling and additional community resources. The web site was released using the URL: http://www.baejy.com/youth. CONCLUSION: The end result was a web based mental health management system for adolescents with a high degree of usability. The author believes that web-based mental health interventions in the future have true potential in helping Koreans who are suffering, or at risk, for mental health problems, particularly because of the stigma related to psychiatric therapy in Korea.

The objectives of this study are the comparison and analysis of nursing activities before and after application of OCS in a general hospital, and furnishing basic information for management and education in using OCS for nurses. We could not confirm that the implementation of OCS could reduce indirect nursing time and increase direct nursing time. However, there was a decrease of 7 minutes in direct nursing time. And the making and developing of a new model of direct nursing time and a new model of estimating instruments are mandatory.

The purposes of this study is to develop an educational program to prevent sexual abuse of children and to improve the physical and mental health of children by providing a rape-free environment and safety education. This program will provide parents and children with information on how to prevent sexual abuse in children. Children learn specific methods to avoid being victimized both at home and outside the home through a learning game and simulation, which is based on problem solving.This program was developed based on a literature reviews, surveys and negotiation process. School- aged-children, parents, and teachers were interviewed to reveal their educational needs based on their experiences related to sexual abuse.This program includes useful subjects such as safety education, early detection of sexual abuse, crisis management, resource persons, and phone numbers of available hospital. Counseling is provided by researcher or by a pediatric psychiatrist if needed.This program could be adequately utilized for prevention of sexual abuse of children. It also will provide an intervention strategy for abused children. This educational program was distributed to all of the elementary school through the Ministry of Education and Human Resources Development.

n this paper, the current status of adolescent suicide prevention and intervention are addressed, including areas related to medicine, counseling, mental health nursing, social welfare, and education. Many preventive efforts and intervention programs have been developed and implemented, but the results have been mostly minimal or unfruitful and many problems arose. First, there is a lack of epidemiological research and developmentally appropriate data on adolescent suicide. Thus evidence-based research on adolescent suicide necessary to make important decisions regarding prevention strategies and the allocation of budgets and human resources is not available. Second, there are only a handful of experts with an appropriate level of education and training. Current suicide prevention efforts are performed as a part of crisis intervention, but only a few persons know how to do so effectively. Finally, a good networking and referral system among each area of service is needed. One of the most important issues might be balancing the levels of service available to each subject and to provide a proper, systematized intervention and continuous crisis management services. In order to create an effective networking and referral system among several service providers for adolescent suicide prevention, we need robust support from the Korean government and local communities.

·Young-Sun Lee, PhD·In-Hee Cho, MD·Myung-Min Choi, PhD·Myoung-Ho Hyun, PhD Offices of Research Planning and Health Services Research, National Evidence-based Healthcare Collaborating Agency, Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Office of Planning & Evaluation, Korea Youth Counseling & Welfare Institute, Seoul, Department of Psychiatry, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Division of Mental Health Policy, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Psychiatry, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Department of Psychiatry, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Seoul, Goyang Community Mental Health Center, Goyang, Department of Psychiatry, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Office of Students and Parents Research, Korean Educational Development Institute, Department of Preventive Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea School of Medicine, Students Health Management Division, Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, Central Church of Korea Evangelical Holiness Church, Seoul, Department of Nursing, Inje University, Busan, Office of Counseling & Welfare, Korea Youth Counseling & Welfare Institute, Department of Psychology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Department of Psychiatry, Gil Hospital, Gachon University, Incheon, Department of Social Welfare, Baekseok University, Cheonan, Department of

Purpose: Purposes of this study were to explore the experiences of Filipinas living as foreign wives in Korea and to formulate a substantive theory that explains the basic social process of adjusting to life as a foreign wife in Korea. Methods: This descriptive qualitative study utilized the grounded theory design. In-depth, semi-structured, audio-taped interviews were conducted with 10 Filipino immigrant wives in Korea. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Strauss and Corbin's constant comparative analysis. Results: Six main categories emerged: aspiring, confronting, suffering, coping, assimilating, and regretting. Fundamental to these was the core category of embracing a new life. A theoretical model showing the basic social processes of adjusting to life as a foreign wife in Korea was developed to reflect the inter-relationships among these categories. Extracts of the data were presented to illustrate the grounding of the theoretical model in the participants' accounts. Conclusion: The findings from this study provide an increase in the understanding of Filipino immigrant wives, which should help in designing effective coping strategies that consider the particular characteristics and problems of Filipino immigrant wives. Programs under existing policies need to undergo continuous improvement in order to increase the well-being of these immigrant wives.

Purpose: Many Koreans go abroad for work, study or permanent migration. As they adapt to their new environment, they can suffer from various health problems. This article aims to gain a greater understanding of the experiences of Korean immigrants in Canada. This study reports the findings of a grounded theory study. Methods: In-depth unstructured interviews were conducted with 18 Korean immigrants in Vancouver. Data was audio-taped, transcribed verbatim and analyzed using constant comparative analysis. Results: Six main categories emerged: motivation, confronting, suffering, efforts to adapt, assimilation, and conflict. A basic social process model of adaptation to life in Canada was developed reflecting the inter-relationships between these categories. Data extracts was presented to illustrate the grounding of the model in participants` accounts. Conclusion: Immigrants need empathetic support and cultural understanding; this study increases the understanding of the Korean immigrant population, which should help in the design of effective coping strategies that consider the particular characteristics and problems of immigrants.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to design the web-based dialogue expert system for preventing and managing of habitual substance disorders in adolescents. Methods: Research process includes the requirement analysis, making of questionnaires, actual survey, and its analysis. Based on the analysis, we designed the web-based dialogue expert system. Results: The habitual substance disorders in adolescents are variable. Our system for managing habitual substance disorders contains the diagnosis of alcoholism, nicotinism, and narcotism. And it analyzes the facts of them based the questionnaires and answer. As the results of the analysis, main reasons in order of the power of influence are belief, will of refusal, personal characteristics, family environment, and psychological personality. Our system suggests the customized solution to conquer that for each adolescent. Moreover, our system also includes the history tracking mechanism to manage the status of each teenager constantly and to make the survey and analysis information. Available at http://www.baejy.com/yebang/ Conclusion: With our system, young boys and girls can know their seriousness of alcoholism, nicotinism, and narcotism. And they can get all possible helps through our system. This system will be the interactive and familiar way that anyone all over the world can use for overcoming problems.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a web-based intervention program for depressive symptoms management among Korean adults. Methods: After the first author developed a user-centered design website intended to manage the depressive symptoms of the general public, two hundred and seventy two participants were screened and randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. These subjects underwent a 12-week nonequivalent pretest and post-test evaluation program to determine changes in their depression scores, which were measured using the Korean Depression Scale. Subjects’ unique IP addresses were used for monitoring their access periods on the website. Results: There were no significant differences in the baseline and outcome characteristics of both experimental and control groups. Moreover, findings revealed that the total depression score of the experimental group (who accessed the developed web-site three times a week with at least an hour per session) showed to have decreased immensely with a mean of 5.57. On the contrary, only a 0.09 point difference resulted between the pre and post tests of the control group (who accessed other depression management websites generally available). Conclusions: Web-based interventions could be an effective and inexpensive means of managing depressive symptoms of Koreans. Findings from this effectiveness study of an internet-based program could also be used by a variety of audiences including government agencies, educators, and health care professionals concerned with mental health promotion and prevention.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a web-based multimedia heath information system for maternal health care using principles of user-centered design. Methods: Research process includes needs assessment, needs analysis, design, development/testing, and application release. Research methods for needs assessment included literature review, interviews, focus groups, and surveys. Results: Based on the user’s needs studies, this information service system contains an introduction, pregnancy test, fetal assessment, maternal and fetal development during pregnancy, maternal self-care methods, complications of pregnancy, complications of postpartum period, information for parenting, father’s page, self-help group, FAQ, counseling and hyperlinked on Internet sites of resources pages. The web site was released using the URL: http://www.baejy.com/im. Conclusion: Through this health information system, clients can obtain information on maternal and baby care such as maternity care guidelines, daily instructions for families. This system will be a new way of nursing intervention and contribute to the maternal health promotion. (Journal of Korean Society of Medical Informatics 13-3, 285-297, 2007)

Purpose: It has been suggested that approximately 40% of women between 40 and 64 years of age cease their sexual activity. The aim of this study was to establish the basic data for FSD(female sexual dysfunction) and FSD-related factors in regional urban and rural areas of Korea. Method: Three hundred twenty five women over 20 years of age and resident in regional urban and rural areas were analyzed by a visit survey with an organized questionnaire. The female sexual function index(FSFI) for measurement of sexual dysfunction was used. The significance between the degree of sexual dysfunction and characteristics of the participants was analyzed by a t-test and ANOVA test. The relationship between the degree of sexual dysfunction and related factors was analyzed by Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results: All analyzing tools including the FSFI had a high validity for measuring. The FSFI in Korean women was and ranged from 2 to 29. Old age, menopause, medication, no contraception usage and longer marital duration were significantly related with a lower FSFI score. Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed the significance in degrees of sexual distress (r=-.469, p=.000), sexual attitude(r=.305, p=.000) and a stressful life event(r= -.141, p=.038) with the sexual function index score. Conclusion: Women with sexual dysfunction should be evaluated for these sexual function-related factors in the history taking, and this data can be a basis for study for sexual dysfunction.