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Purpose The current study aims to evaluate the clinical and the radiological outcome of bipolar hemiarthroplasty using cementless cone stem to treat osteoporotic femoral neck fracture and compare the results according to the proximal femur geometry. Materials and Methods Seventy-five hips (75 patients) that underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty with cementless cone stem between September 2006 and December 2011 were analyzed. The minimum follow-up period was 3 years. Thirty-three hips were classified as type B and 41 as type C. The clinical outcome was assessed using Harris hip score and the walking ability score. Radiographic evaluation was performed to evaluate the stability of the prosthesis. Results At the most recent follow up, the mean Harris hip score was 86 (range, 70-92) and 65% recovered to preoperative ambulatory status. In the radiographic exam, stable stem fixation was achieved in all cases. For the complications, eight hips developed deep vein thrombosis while three hips showed heterotopic ossification. Dislocation and delayed deep infection occurred in one hip resepectively. There were no significance differences in Harris hip score and walking ability score when the type B group was compare with the type C. Conclusion Bipolar hemiarthroplasty with cementless cone stem showed an excellent early outcome both clinically and radiographically regardless of the shape of the proximal femur. We believe this prosthesis can provide early stability to the Dorr type B and C femur and is an effective treatment for treating osteoporotic femoral neck fracture.

Caulking has merits of easy manufacturing and assembly, and reduced product cost. However, though the design of the caulking process is very important in order to obtain satisfactory strength, research on caulking has been insufficient. Therefore, tensile and fatigue tests were conducted for the evaluation of the caulked part of a drum in a washing machine. The caulking process was simulated by finite element analysis, and the residual stress of the caulked part was evaluated. The residual stress of the caulked part was applied to the S-N curve of the fatigue test, and the notch effect of the caulked part was applied to the S-N curve of virgin material. As a result, the S-N curve of the caulked part can be predicted from the S-N curve of virgin materials.

This study analyzed the effectiveness of suprascapular nerve block under ultrasonographic guidance in patients with perishoulder pain. Patients with perishoulder pain were enrolled in the study and were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the first group of 25 patients (12 men and 13 women), nerve block was applied under ultrasonographic guidance. Mean patient age in this group was 55.1 years. In the control group, 25 patients (11 men and 14 women) underwent nerve block without ultrasonographic guidance; mean patient age was 51.6 years. Degree of pain was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and shoulder function was evaluated using the Constant shoulder score (CSS) before the nerve block, immediately following the procedure, and 1 month after the procedure. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups in VAS score and CSS before the procedure ( P >.05). Immediately after the procedure, both the study and control groups revealed significantly improved VAS and CSS patterns ( P P

Seung Hun Son*, Ji Hye Shin*, Min Jin Kim*, Jeong Hoon Kang*,**, Shin Jae Rhim* and In Kee Paik*Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University*,Natural Heritage Center, Cultural Heritage Administration**ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of vocalization of laying hen related with space in battery cage. The size of cages were classified into control(0.30m×0.14m×0.55m, length×width×height), small (0.21m×0.14m×0.55m) and large(0.30m×0.30m×0.55m) size. Vocalization of 16 individuals of laying hen in each group of Hy-Line Brown(80 week old) were recorded 3 hours per day(10:00am~11:00am, 3:00pm~4:00pm and 7:00pm~8:00pm) using digital recorder and microphone during October 2008 and February 2009. Characteristics of frequency, intensity and duration of vocalization were analyzed by GLM(general linear model) and Duncan’s multi-test. There were differences in basic and maximum frequency, and intensity based on analysis of spectrogram and spectrum among different cage sizes. Vocalization of laying hen would be one of the indicators to understand the stress caused by rearing space in batter cage. (Key words :Battery cage, Laying hen, Space, Vocalization)

A total of 3,248 individuals of 51 species were observed in the Geumo Archipelago (Geumodo, Ando, Yeondo) in Yeosu, Jeollanamdo in two rounds of study conducted from June to September 2008. The dominant species was Larus crassirostris with 1,145 individuals (35.25%) followed by Hirundo rustica with 385 individuals (11.85%), Paradoxornis webbianus with 356 individuals (10.96%), Hypsipetes amaurotis with 219 individuals (6.74%), and Hirundo daurica with 168 individuals (5.17%). Resident birds showed the highest migration of 54.90% followed by summer vagrant birds (31.37%), passage migratory birds (9.8%), winter vagrant birds (1.96%) and vagrant birds (1.96%). The Species biodiversity was 2.43 and the species richness was 6.18.

This study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of estrus-related vocalization of sows after artificial insemination. Vocalization of sows in artificial insemination day, and 3 days and 50 days after artificial insemination, were recorded 3 hours per day from September 2006 to March 2007 using the MD Recorder(Marantz PMD-650) and microphone(RF Condesner MIC, MKH 416P48). The shapes of spectrum and spectrogram of vocalization were different in each period after artificial insemination. There were significant differences in frequency and intensity, but not in duration of vocalization. The fact that signal may give a reliable indication of the signaller's needs has suggested that in some circumstances they can provide information on animal welfare.

Shoulder arthroscopic surgeries are an accepted technique for many shoulder disease and have many advantages over open surgeries. To date, shoulder arthroscopic surgery have been rare complications that compromise patient airway, caused by the leakage of irrigation fluid out of the shoulder joint space into the surrounding soft tissues and then the neck and the pharynx. This report presents a case of life-threatening airway obstruction due to extra-articular saline collection during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. In concluding we should hourly check the patient's neck swelling undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery, because anesthetized patients cannot complain of the airway problem may progress until it becomes life-threatening.

The free vibration analysis of general convex polygonal membranes is carried out. The selected based functions for the analysis are wave‐type functions which propagate in one direction and vary sinusoidally in the other direction. The key feature of the present technique is to use the base functions that satisfy the governing differential equation exactly, so that only the boundary conditions need to be satisfied. If base functions are not chosen carefully, the dependence problem of the base functions may occur and a technique to select independent base functions is suggested.

As the fundamental cause of the slow convergence of a direct free-interface component mode synthesis method, we point out the inability of free-interface normal modes in representing the stress resultants near the free interface of a substructure. Although the effects of the residual flexibility of a substructure on the solution convergence are well known, the present theoretical analysis would help understand more clearly the convergence problems of the direct free-interface substructure coupling method. [S0739-3717(00)01704-9]

Traversability of UGV working on unstructured terrain is one of the main functions. We proposed the framework of algorithm to enhance the traversability of the vehicle by overcoming various geometric obstacles. The algorithm consists of obstacle-classification and scenario-manager. Obstacle-classification algorithm extracts ldquoKey Pointrdquo from the 3D terrain map and constructs terrain parameters. Parameterized terrain was classified into specific category by matching the parameters to obstacle templates with fuzzy logics. Scenario-managing algorithm manages the scenario from the obstacle templates. The scenario is made up with several main steps. The algorithm divides each main step of scenario into two sub-layers and each layer consists of sub-steps. Every step has F-variable and N-variable, which determine which step the algorithm will operate in next iteration and transfer the proper command set to algorithm. Those determinations were followed by pre-defined rules. Proposed algorithm was evaluated by simulation and UGV could overcome various geometric obstacles successfully.

Purpose: We applied internal fixation using a spring plate against an acetabular posterior wall fracture including small fragments and then evaluated the clinical and radiological results and want to understand the usefulness of the spring plate. Materials and Methods: Fifteen patients in whom fixation was difficult using leg screws or a metal plate because of a small bone fragment, in patients with posterior wall acetabular fractures who presented in our hospital since August of 2011 to March of 2014 were enrolled. The mean age was 42.6 years (range 24-54 years) with relatively young patients, and they were followed-up for at least one year. We analyzed the rate of reduction after surgery using the classification of Matta in radiographs, and the classification of Borrelli in 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT) and clinical results were evaluated using the clinical grading system. Results: There were five cases of anatomical reduction, 9 cases of imperfect reduction, and 1 case of unsatisfactory reduction according to the classification of Matta. Except for one case during the follow-up period, the union of bone was successful without failure of fixation and the clinical results were 6 cases of excellence, 8 cases of good, and 1 case of failure. Articular displacement was also evaluated in postoperative CT scan according to Borrelli’s criteria. The mean of gap and step off was 2.04 mm, 1.3 mm. Conclusion: Use of leg screw fixation and so on in posterior wall fractures including a small fragment of the acetabular rim is not easy. However the method using spring plate fixation enables relatively accurate reduction and fixation for a small fragment and the clinical outcome showed satisfactory results.

This paper is proposed about reducing the transient vibration of drum type washing machine. The vibration of washing machine is caused by unbalanced cloths in high spinning drum, and the displacement of tub is maximized at transient range about 3 Hz (180 rpm). The dynamic model of washing machine is include a diaphragm. In this study, the displacement of tub is decreased by using gyroscope system. Multibody dynamic model ofwashing machine include gyroscope is designed and the vibration of tub have been reduced by the gyroscope system.

A mobile communication device is provided. The mobile communication device includes a terminal body, and a speaker module located in the terminal body. The speaker module includes an enclosure located in the terminal body, the enclosure defining a chamber therein, and a speaker having a front surface and a rear surface, the speaker being located in the enclosure such that the front surface of the speaker is exposed from the enclosure and the rear surface thereof is positioned within the chamber, to allow a sound generated from the rear surface to resonate within the chamber. A mutual interference between the sound generated from the front side of the sound emission part and the sound emitted from the rear side thereof can be reduced to thereby improve the performance of the middle and low sound.

In June and September of 2009, a total of 11,590 individuals (sum of maximum individuals by each species) of 68 species of 31 families and 12 orders were found in the southern coast of Ganghwado (island), Seokmodo (island) and Gyodongdo (island). Dominant species included, in decreasing order of, Larus crassirostris (29.18%, 3,382 individuals), Larus saundersi (10.52%, 1,219 individuals), Egretta garzetta (9.19%, 1,065 individuals), Egretta alba modesta (9.01%, 1,044 individuals) and Numenius madagascariensis (8.57%, 993 individuals). In June of 2009 (1st survey), the study recorded a total of 4,915 individuals of 50 species, and in September of 2009 (2nd survey), a total of 8,246 individuals of 45 species were recorded. The number of birds was relatively low in the 1st survey, but its species diversity (H′) of 2.35 and species richness (Da) of 4.76 were higher than those of the 2nd survey, with the H’ of 2.22 and Da of 4.87. Furthermore, depending on the region, Seokmodo (island) recorded the highest species diversity (37 species) in the 1st survey, with H’ of 2.57 and Da of 5.59, and in the 2nd survey, Gyodongdo (island) recorded the highest species diversity of 36 species, at H’ of 2.46 and Da of 4.79. In this study, Egretta eulophote and Platalea minor, natural mouments numbers 361 and 205-1, as well as 1st grade endangered species, along with 13 government protected species, were found.

Birds observed in Baekryeongdo from Oct. 18 to Oct. 20, 2007 were 4503 individuals in 11 orders, 28 families, and 59 species. The most dominant species was Anas poecilorhyncha (1721 individuals) representing 38.22%, followed by Anser fabalis (859 individuals) with 19.08%, Larus crassirostris (232 individuals) with 5.15%, Aegithalos caudatus caudatus (193 inviduals) with 4.29%, and Aythya fuligula (157 individuals) with 3.49%. The species diversity (H') was highest, 2.61, in D area where the species richness (Da) was lowest. Species richness (Da) was 4.54 in E area and 4.38 in A area while species diversity (H') was lowest, 1.77 in E area and 1.76 in A area. This study found 9 species that were legally protected.