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In the present specification, selected is an indicator considering a situation of each watershed for assessing vulnerability of each small watershed. Indicator data is constructed by using national statistics and reports based on a current point of time and a SWAT model that can be simulated for each watershed. Also, multiple weights are applied by using subjective and objective weights. The vulnerability of each unit watershed by applying a TOPSIS method among multiple criteria decision methods. When assessing water resource vulnerability, a water resource is classified according to water quantity and water quality/aquatic ecology, thereby grasping a part with high vulnerability according to each watershed.

*(Received February 24, 2015 / Revised March 25, 2015 / Accepted March 27, 2015)Recently, attempts of replacing some of natural aggregate with mix of low quality aggregate are carried out for stable supply of aggregate. However, low quality aggregate such as recycled aggregate produced during the disposal process of construction wastes and by-product aggregate produced by industrial activities has problem of failing to comply to KS Standards. Therefore, we have compared fundamental properties of concrete by using granite crushed aggregate, recycled aggregate, blast furnace and electric arc furnace slag aggregate for effective utilization of lacking aggregate resources. As the result, slump in case of mixed use of aggregate was increased 0~10% compared to single use. Therefore, it is judged to be economically advantageous as it can expect effects in unit quantity or reduction of SP agent. Compressive strength in case of mixed use of aggregate was increased 0~10% compared to single use as it filled internal crevice of concrete with continuous particle size distribution. Accordingly, if we utilize by satisfying standard particle scope through mix of aggregate with different cause of formation in proper ratio, it was possible to confirm utility of mixed aggregate with demonstration of effects of increases of fluidity and compressive strength of concrete.키워드 : 화강암 부순골재, 순환골재, 고로슬래그 골재, 전기로 산화슬래그 골재, 혼합골재Keywords : Granite crushed aggregate, Recycled aggregate, Blast-furnace slag aggregate, Electric Arc furnace oxidizing slag aggregates, Mixed aggregate* Corresponding author E-mail: cghan@cju.ac.kr

This study aims to understand how different reference periods (i.e., calibration periods) of climate data for estimating the drought index influence regional drought assessments. Specifically, we investigate the influence of different reference periods on historical drought characteristics such as trends, frequency, intensity and spatial extents using the standard precipitation evapotranspiration index with a 12-month lag (SPEI-12) estimated from the datasets of the climate research unit (CRU) and the University of Delaware (UDEL). For the 1901–1957 (P1) and 1958–2014 (P2) estimation periods, three different types of reference periods are used: P1 and P2 together, P1 and P2 separately and P1 only. Focusing on East Asia, Europe, North America and West Africa, we find the influence of the reference periods to be significant in East Asia and West Africa, with dominant drying trends from P1 to P2. The reference periods influence the assessment of drought characteristics, particularly for severity and spatial extent, whereas their influence on the frequency is relatively small. Finally, self-calibration, which is the most common practice with an index such as SPEI, tends to underestimate the drought severity and spatial extent relative to the other approaches used in this study. Although the conclusions drawn in this study are limited to two global datasets, they nevertheless highlight the need for the reference period to be clarified in drought assessments to better understand regional drought characteristics and their temporal changes, particularly under climate change scenarios.

In this paper, we describe an ontology-based context aware model that collects context information from USN sensor and CCTV image and reasons about context in order to development an integrated security control system in the industrial environments. The context model represents autonomous and heterogeneous data as ontologies and recognizes the context through DL(description logic) inference in the smart computing environment. We expect that the integrated security control system can automatically detects the risk in the industrial field and reduces the safety and security incidents by applying this context model to the system. Key Words : Ontology, Context aware, Security control system, Inference, Description logic 이 논문은 2009년도 산학협동재단의 학술연구비 지원을 받아 수행된 연구임 * 교신저자 : 손석원(sohn@hoseo.edu)접수일 10년 03월 24일 수정일 (1차 10년 05월 05일, 2차 10년 05월 18일, 3차 10년 06월 09일) 게재확정일 10년 06월 18일 1. 서론 산업현장에서 관제시스템은 단순히 보안측면의 관제 보다는 시설 및 설비, 소방 등 다수의 설비나 시설물을 관제대상으로 하고 있다. 예를 들어 냉난방, 조명과 같은 시설 및 설비의 실시간 감시제어, 소방 설비의 실시간 감시제어 및 CCTV를 이용한 영상 감시등 다양한 종류의 관제시스템이 설치, 운영되고 있으며 이를 조작하는 작업자는 각각의 시스템을 별도로 운영, 조작하고 있다. 이로 인한 보안관제의 효율성의 저하로 개인, 기업 및 사회적인 손실은 매우 커지고 있는 실정이다. 이에 대한 대응책으로 RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification)와 USN (Ubiquitous Sensor Network) 센서 등과 같은 IT 기술을 이용한 통합보안관제 시스템의 구축이 요구되고 있다. 특히 CCTV 기반의 영상감시는 감시 인력이 단순히 모니터를 통하여 감시해야 하기 때문에 위험이 증가하고 인력활용의 효율성이 낮다. 다수의 카메라가 있음에도 감시자들이 전부 모니터링 할 수 없기 때문이다. 미국 Sandia National Lab의 연구결과에 의하면 사람이 20분만 모니터를 보고 있어도 집중력과 판단력이 떨어진다고 한다.

Oxidative stress-induced cell death leads to phosphorylation of 14-3-3ζ at serine 58. 14-3-3ζ is detected at significant levels in cerebrospinal fluid after kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. Here we examined temporal changes in 14-3-3ζ phosphorylation in the hippocampus and amygdala of mice after KA treatment. Mice were killed at 2, 6, 24, or 48 h after KA (30 mg/kg) injection. We observed an increase in TUNEL and Fluoro-Jade B (FJB)-stained neurons in the hippocampus and amygdala of KA-treated mice. Phospho (p)-14-3-3ζ and p-JNK expression was increased in the hippocampus 2 and 6 h after KA treatment, respectively. In immunohistochemical analysis, p-14-3-3ζ-positive cells were present in the CA3 region of the hippocampus and the central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) of KA-treated mice. Thus, phosphorylation of 14-3-3ζ at serine 58 may play an important role in KA-induced hippocampal and amygdaloid neuronal damage.

IPMSM can be operated with its full potential using MTPA and field weakening. Generally, it is not determined which motor is connected to inverter. Therefore, among various methods for MTPA and field weakening, LUT(Look-Up Table) generation test in consideration of inductance change by its saturation is not feasible. In this paper, real-time calculation of current reference is addressed in the full speed region including MTPA and field weakening. Two-dimensional Newton-Raphson method is used to get the solution.

This paper presents an improved method of determining voltage reference to detect currents in the three-phase inverter with three shunt resistors. In order to determine the voltage reference, the proposed method uses geometrical property in the voltage boundary hexagon of space vector PWM. The change of voltage reference is represented using time, which explains why the proposed method is called a time-based method. The proposed method decreases dramatically the computation time in a fixed-point DSP by eliminating a division operation which is the main cause of increasing the computation time in the conventional one. The proposed method is verified in the simulation and the experiment.

Neuronal damage after seizure is correlated with blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage. Adiponectin (Ad) has shown protective effects on endothelial function. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ad on cell survival and BBB integrity in the mouse hippocampus after kainic acid (KA) treatment. Twenty-four hours after intracerebroventricular injection of recombinant Ad, mice were treated with KA, and then sacrificed 48 h later. Decreased serum Ad and increased hippocampal Ad receptor 1 in the hippocampus of KA-treated mice were prevented by Ad pretreatment. Using cresyl violet staining, TUNEL analysis, and immunostaining for caspase-3, histological evaluation revealed that the marked cell death noted in the hippocampus of KA-treated mice was not observed in KA-treated mice pretreated with Ad. Impairment of the BBB, which was demonstrated by the presence of IgG, was inhibited by Ad pretreatment. Immunohistochemical analysis indicated that KA caused up-regulation of hippocampal VEGF, eNOS, and NF-kappaB levels, all of which were reduced in animals that received Ad pretreatment. These data indicate that Ad preserves the integrity of the BBB and has neuroprotective effects in an animal model of seizures.

As the drought disasters are increased in the world, the need of study using satellite image data is on the rise. This study is conducted to analyze the drought in the region using satellite image, and to analyze the correlation with the standard precipitation index (SPI) and the actual drought cases. We selected Dongducheon and Taebaek region for domestic major drought (2001, 2008-2009). The correlation with the SPI and the observed water level data was analyzed using the spatial resolution and 8days MODIS DSI (Drought Severity Index). In Dongducheon, 6-months DSI has a correlation of 0.71 with the SPI (30). In Taebaek, the correlation between 6-months DSI and SPI (90) was a 0.40 and showed an average hit ratio of 65.7% in comparing with the observed water level of study area. In summary, this study showed a limited correlation between DSI based on satellite images and meteorological drought index SPI and confirmed the possibility of using DSI for the domestic study.

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