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Hybrid composites made of natural and synthetic fibers are stronger, lighter, cheaper, biodegradable, and greener than conventional metals, and they are replacing conventional metals. The primary objective of the study was to examine the mechanical properties of interwoven hybrid composite laminates. Kevlar and glass fiber are used as reinforcement for this work. The fibers are woven together using various weaving techniques. 1 × 1, 3 × 3, and 5 × 5 weaving patterns are considered to explore the properties of the laminates. The composites are woven using a conventional handloom method. As a matrix, LY556 resin and HY951 hardener are combined at a ratio of 10 : 1. The composites are cured using compression molding. The cured composites are assessed for their tensile strength, flexural strength, compressive strength, interlaminar shear strength, impact strength, and fracture toughness. The highest tensile, compressive, and flexural strength were found in the 1 × 1 pattern, shear strength and fracture toughness were found in the 5 × 5 pattern, which finds applications in aerospace and defense sectors, and 3 × 3 dominated in impact strength; as a result, it can be used in bulletproof applications. At last, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to visualize the matrix-reinforcement bonding. The microscopic images show the ripped-out fibers because of the tensile test. The shards in SEM are evident that impact force breaks the matrix elements in a brittle manner.

EN 24 (817M40) is used for creating punches and dies due to its hardenability, it's very tough to machine, so we investigate the parameters affecting the surface roughness produced within the turning process for the carbon steel EN24. Design of experiments was conducted for the analysis of the influence of the turning parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, tool wear and depth of cut on the surface roughness. The results of the machining experiments were accustomed characterize the most factors affecting surface roughness by the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method Taguchi’s parametric design is that the effective tool for robust design it offers an easy and systematic qualitative optimal design to a comparatively low cost. The Taguchi method of quality control encompasses all stages of product and process development. However, the key element for achieving prime quality at low cost is Design of Experiments (DOE). during this Analysis Taguchi’s (DOE) approach used to analyze the effect of process parameters like cutting speed, feed rate, tool wear and depth of cut on Surface Roughness and to get an optimal set of those parameters which will lead to good surface finish.

Design of Experiments is the design of any task that aims to describe the variation of data under conditions that are hypothesized to reflect the variation. In this research, we analyzed various significant process parameters of the casting of aluminium alloy 7075 with TiO2 addition. An experiment was made to obtain an optimal setting for casting parameters to yield the optimum casting of aluminium alloy 7075. The process parameters are considered as melting temperature, filling time of the mould and the solidification time. The effect of selected parameters of casting towards the optimum cast of aluminium alloy 7075 will be accomplished using the Taguchi method. The purpose of adding titanium dioxide is to further enhance the physical properties like the hardness and its wear resistance of aluminium alloy 7075. The Taguchi method is used here to bring out the best settings possible for casting that depends on the above parameters. Minitab software is used to apply the Taguchi method.

Composite materials have proven their values for many years. Developing a light weight composite material that could withstand high/low velocity impact has always been a blooming area right from the invention of composites. Recently many researches have been carried out to improve the impact resistance property of the composite material without compromising the weight of the material. This paper aims to study the results and observations of high/low velocity impact carried out on composite materials in the past. The impact resistance of the different composite laminates is also discussed. As the result of the study, a material with improved mechanical properties can be designed and fabricated which could bring revolutionary changes in the application of composite materials.

Medium haul commercial aircrafts are used by airliners for medium range flights which includes domestic and international routes, below 4000 km but not less than 1500 km. These are widely used type of aircrafts for airliners. It is a very challenging process to design such an aircraft and there are a lot of processes and parameters which need to be assessed before finalizing a design. The aircraft is designed to seat a hundred passengers and one of the main requirements of such medium haul aircrafts is that they are designed to carry the heavy loads for longer durations and yet provide a smooth flying experience. The design aspects include the selection of airfoil and engines. The airfoil selected has high lift capabilities and has a gentle stall quality providing for a perfect fit for this category of aircraft and the fuselage has been analysed in order to withstand the various aerodynamic forces that the aircraft might endure during flight. The design of the Wing was performed on CATIA V5,the design of the fuselage was performed on SOLIDWORKS Inc. and the analysis of the wing and fuselage were performed on ANSYS R19.2(Student Version).The design is said to provide better lift capabilities with the help of the airfoil chosen which could provide for a better performance on modern day aircrafts.

Nano fillers have now taken more important place in fabrication of composite materials. The development of different potential Nano fillers is one of the active domains in Nanotechnology for aerospace applications. Their composition in composite materials improves the technological properties to greater extent. The demand being in continual advances for the properties of the materials resulted in the extensive usage of Nano-fillers in advanced material engineering. The Nano-fillers not only improves the technological properties but also the physical, chemical and optical properties in the material. The aim of the paper is to describe the different types of Nano-fillers like carbon, ceramic, silicon and metal based Nano-fillers and optimize them in the fabrication of composite materials for potential application in aerospace sector. An extensive comparative discussion has been carried out about potentiality of those Nano-fillers which can enhance the properties of mechanical behavior in advanced composite materials.

The maximum operating temperature of a steam turbine is restricted to 600°C due to its corrosive nature, whereas the gas turbine inlet temperature can be increased up to 1500°C. The film cooling is...

In this study, the impact of nanoparticles and hydrogen blends on combustion, performance and emission characteristics of modified dual fuel engine was investigated. The nanoparticles TiO2, CNT, Al2O3, CuO and CeO2 are dispersed at a fraction of 100 ppm with 20% hydrogen to form blends HT100, HCT100, HA100, HCE100 and HC100 respectively. The nanoparticles are agitated using ultrasonication process to increase the stability of blends. All blends are tested at 1800 rpm for different engine load varying from 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% respectively. The addition of nanoparticles does not show a substantial effect on density, kinematic viscosity and flash point and cetane number. Further, the nanoparticles CNT and TiO2 showed a better stability with 30% and 21% absorption rate at 240 h sedimentation time. All tested nanoparticles showed a profound change in the maximum cylinder pressure rates in comparison to neat diesel. Besides, the addition of CeO2 and Al2O3 improves the brake thermal efficiency by 4.3% and 2.5%. Meanwhile no significant change in brake specific fuel consumption is recorded for CeO2. The nanoparticles CNT and TiO2 reports 23% and 22% reduced BSFC than other blends. The results of exhaust emission showed addition of hydrogen and nanoparticles decreases the emission of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon significantly. However, regarding NOx emission only CNT showed a profound decrease in NOx than other blends. From the results it is evident that, addition of nanoparticles and hydrogen on neat diesel improves the combustion characteristics and engine performance with reduced exhaust gas emission.