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We test the performance of the Polarizable Embedding Variational Quantum Eigensolver Self-Consistent-Field (PE-VQE-SCF) model for computing electric field gradients with comparisons to conventional complete active space self-consistent-field (CASSCF) calculations and experimental results. We compute quadrupole coupling constants for ice VIII and ice IX. We find that the inclusion of the environment is crucial for obtaining results that match the experimental data. The calculations for ice VIII are within the experimental uncertainty for both CASSCF and VQE-SCF for oxygen and lie close to the experimental value for ice IX as well. With the VQE-SCF, which is based on an Adaptive Derivative-Assembled Problem-Tailored (ADAPT) ansatz, we find that the inclusion of the environment and the size of the different basis sets do not directly affect the gate counts. However, by including an explicit environment, the wavefunction and, therefore, the optimization problem becomes more complicated, which usually results in the need to include more operators from the operator pool, thereby increasing the depth of the circuit., Comment: 18 pages, 5 figures

Linear response (LR) theory is a powerful tool in classic quantum chemistry crucial to understanding photo-induced processes in chemistry and biology. However, performing simulations for large systems and in the case of strong electron correlation remains challenging. Quantum computers are poised to facilitate the simulation of such systems, and recently, a quantum linear response formulation (qLR) was introduced. To apply qLR to near-term quantum computers beyond a minimal basis set, we here introduce a resource-efficient qLR theory using a truncated active-space version of the multi-configurational self-consistent field LR ansatz. Therein, we investigate eight different near-term qLR formalisms that utilize novel operator transformations that allow the qLR equations to be performed on near-term hardware. Simulating excited state potential energy curves and absorption spectra for various test cases, we identify two promising candidates dubbed ``proj LRSD'' and ``all-proj LRSD''.

Determining the properties of molecules and materials is one of the premier applications of quantum computing. A major question in the field is how to use imperfect near-term quantum computers to solve problems of practical value. Inspired by the recently developed variants of the quantum counterpart of the equation-of-motion (qEOM) approach and the orbital-optimized variational quantum eigensolver (oo-VQE), we present a quantum algorithm (oo-VQE-qEOM) for the calculation of molecular properties by computing expectation values on a quantum computer. We perform noise-free quantum simulations of BeH$_2$ in the series of STO-3G/6-31G/6-31G* basis sets and of H$_4$ and H$_2$O in 6-31G using an active space of four electrons and four spatial orbitals (8 qubits) to evaluate excitation energies, electronic absorption, and, for twisted H$_4$, circular dichroism spectra. We demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reproduce the results of conventional classical CASSCF calculations for these molecular systems., Comment: 18+14 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; comments welcome

We formulate and implement the Variational Quantum Eigensolver Self Consistent Field (VQE-SCF) algorithm in combination with polarizable embedding (PE), thereby extending PE to the regime of quantum computing. We test the resulting algorithm, PE-VQE-SCF, on quantum simulators and demonstrate that the computational stress on the quantum device is only slightly increased in terms of gate counts compared to regular VQE-SCF. On the other hand, no increase in shot noise was observed. We illustrate how PE-VQE-SCF may lead to the modeling of real chemical systems using a simulation of the reaction barrier of the Diels-Alder reaction between furan and ethene as an example., Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Journal of Chemical Physics

Determining the properties of molecules and materials is one of the premier applications of quantum computing. A major question in the field is: how might we use imperfect near-term quantum computers to solve problems of practical value? We propose a quantum algorithm to estimate the properties of molecules using near-term quantum devices. The method is a recursive variational series estimation method, where we expand an operator of interest in terms of Chebyshev polynomials and evaluate each term in the expansion using a variational quantum algorithm. We test our method by computing the one-particle Green's function in the energy domain and the autocorrelation function in the time domain., Comment: 16+10 pages, 3 figures; comments welcome

In this study, we explore the use of molecules and molecular electronics for quantum computing. We construct one-qubit gates using one-electron scattering in molecules, and two-qubit controlled-phase gates using electron-electron scattering along metallic leads. Furthermore, we propose a class of circuit implementations, and show initial applications of the framework by illustrating one-qubit gates using the molecular electronic structure of molecular hydrogen as a baseline model., Comment: 18+40 pages, 7 figures, 1 table; comments welcome

We present a review of the Unitary Coupled Cluster (UCC) ansatz and related ans\"atze which are used to variationally solve the electronic structure problem on quantum computers. A brief history of coupled cluster (CC) methods is provided, followed by a broad discussion of the formulation of CC theory. This includes touching on the merits and difficulties of the method and several variants, UCC among them, in the classical context, to motivate their applications on quantum computers. In the core of the text, the UCC ansatz and its implementation on a quantum computer are discussed at length, in addition to a discussion on several derived and related ans\"atze specific to quantum computing. The review concludes with a unified perspective on the discussed ans\"atze, attempting to bring them under a common framework, as well as with a reflection upon open problems within the field.

There is widespread interest in calculating the energy spectrum of a Hamiltonian, for example to analyze optical spectra and energy deposition by ions in materials. In this study, we propose a quantum algorithm that samples the set of energies within a target energy-interval without requiring good approximations of the target energy-eigenstates. We discuss the implementation of direct and iterative amplification protocols and give resource and runtime estimates. We illustrate initial applications by amplifying excited states on molecular Hydrogen., Comment: 21+10 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables; comments welcome

The negative-AND (NAND) gate is universal for classical computation making it an important target for development. A seminal quantum computing algorithm by Farhi, Goldstone and Gutmann has demonstrated its realization by means of quantum scattering yielding a quantum algorithm that evaluates the output faster than any classical algorithm. Here, we derive the NAND outputs analytically from scattering theory using a tight-binding (TB) model and show the restrictions on the TB parameters in order to still maintain the NAND gate function. We map the quantum NAND tree onto a conjugated molecular system, and compare the NAND output with non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) transport calculations using density functional theory (DFT) and TB Hamiltonians for the electronic structure. Further, we extend our molecular platform to show other classical gates that can be realized for quantum computing by scattering on graphs., Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 1 table