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Animal food products are featured prominently in current debates on dietary transitions. Food demand projections and policy evaluations often draw on expenditure and price elasticity estimates; thus, it is crucial that these elasticities are robust at an adequate product disaggregation, well-founded, and comparable both across products and countries. To the extent of our knowledge, there is no analysis providing meta-elasticities for all world regions, all food groups, and disaggregated animal foods. In this study, we cover this gap and collect a database with more than 50,000 demand elasticities from 444 studies and 87 countries. As 50% of our sample involves animal food products, we are able to provide food demand meta-elasticities for 14 food groups, of which ten are animal food. We present a set of estimated expenditure, own-price, and cross-price; unconditional and conditional; and uncompensated and compensated elasticities; and discuss their policy implications.

This paper examines the relationships between various forms of trust — specifically, trust in people, the police, and politicians — and their influence on a nation’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Utilizing data derived from the 5th round of the European Social Survey (ESS), the study systematically tests three core hypotheses, confirming the multifaceted nature of trust and its economic implications. Initially, trust in people demonstrated a significant positive correlation with GDP. However, when incorporating trust in the police and politicians into the analysis, only the latter two maintained substantial positive correlations with GDP. An exploratory factor analysis further revealed 21 influential factors that contributes to shaping the three different types of trust. Particularly noteworthy is the 'People faith' factor, representing a fundamental belief in the inherent goodness of people, which consistently emerged as a significant influencer of trust in people, the police, and politicians. The analysis finds that various kinds of trust are interlinked and together influence the economy, creating a complicated pattern of trust in society and economic well-being measured by GDP per Capita.

Context: Intensive livestock production is challenged by frequent occurrence of contagious livestock diseases. Advanced diagnostic tools, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), have been found to improve the precision and speed of veterinary diagnostics. Aims: This study develops and applies an analytical quantitative framework to investigate the potential farm economic benefits of introducing an advanced and rapid diagnostic tool that allows veterinarians accurately and fast to detect the load and composition of pathogens in production animals, compared with a scenario where decision-making is based on aggregate prevalence data. Methods: A probabilistic budget simulation model for livestock production was developed, on the basis of farm-accounts data, epidemiological prevalence, mortality and morbidity data from official statistics, veterinary practice and literature findings, as well as experimental data regarding sensitivity and specificity of the specific diagnostic tool. Key results: The framework was used to assess the expected economic gains of qPCR diagnostics for calf pneumonia and weaner pig diarrhoea. In both cases, positive economic gains were found, namely, 7.8% and 3.1% of gross margin in Danish calf production and weaner production respectively. Conclusions and Implications: Use of rapid advanced diagnostic tools to diagnose calf pneumonia or weaner pig diarrhoea can lead to economic gains for farmers and improve the efficiency in use of resources in livestock production.

Formålet med artiklen er at give en litteraturbaseret vurdering af det kommende årtis internationale markedsudsigter for plantebaserede proteinfødevarer. Mens markederne for ”traditionelle” plante-fødevarer er veletablerede og genstand for en forholdsvis stabil udvikling over tid, så er markederne for plantebaserede alternative proteinfødevarer relativt nye og under etablering med udsigt til vækst, hvilket understøttes af såvel officielle fremskrivninger som internationale forbrugerstudier. En række internationale kommercielle markedsrapporter giver udtryk for forventninger om årlige vækstrater i den globale afsætning af alternative proteiner til fødevarer i størrelsesordenen 15 %, men det kan forekomme at være en overvurdering af væksten. En generel tendens i de internationale markeder for plantebaserede alternative proteinfødevarer er, at ærter i stigende grad fortrænger soja som råvare i produktionen. Denne tendens kan bidrage til at give dansk landbrug og den danske fødevareindustri muligheder for at tilegne sig en styrkeposition, idet de naturgivne forhold i Danmark er forholdsvis gunstige for ærteproduktion.

This consumer study employs a combination of focus groups, individual interviews with consumers, and interviews with retailers to investigate the factors influencing the accessibility and purchase of Plant-Based Meat Alternatives (PBMAs) and a specific product, PEAZ. A common finding across all research segments highlights the lack of accessibility as a significant barrier to PEAZ adoption. However, distinctive findings emerge within each section of the study. Focus groups provide insights into the attitudes of vegan/vegetarian and non-plant-based consumers towards PEAZ. Participants generally hold positive perceptions of PEAZ, driven by considerations such as environmental concerns, affordability, and health benefits. Notably, differences between these consumer groups are revealed in their associations with plant-based food, perceptions of PEAZ, and motivations for purchasing it. Individual interviews with consumers reveal a generally positive attitude toward PEAZ and a willingness to purchase. Notably, Danish consumers exhibit greater familiarity with various types of PBMAs than international consumers. Age differences emerge, with younger participants emphasizing price as a motivation, while older participants prioritize quality. Retailer interviews reveals the determinants of product placement, including category, package size, and supplier collaboration. Retailers also suggest that placing PEAZ alongside necessary ingredients could improve sales. The study's findings underscore the divergent associations with plant-based food between vegan/vegetarian and non-plant-based consumers, potentially influenced by early dietary patterns and familial eating habits. Age also plays a role in motivations for purchasing PEAZ, with older consumers prioritizing quality over price. Furthermore, the study highlights the critical role of accessibility in influencing consumer behavior, with partic

Previous studies have shown that belief in the healthiness of organic food is a strong motive for buying organic. Typically, a positive relation between a nutritionally balanced diet (with respect to fruit, vegetables and meat) and organic consumption is also found. As market shares of organic food are much smaller than those of conventional food, consumers may face a trade-off between buying organic and choosing the nutritional composition they prefer. Using data from a survey of around 1300 Danish consumers, we found that almost all respondents believed that organic food contains fewer unwanted substances than non-organic food, and that around a third considered organic food to be nutritionally superior. Respondents with high organic consumption and who believe in the nutritious superiority of organic food products were more likely to belong to a small group of respondents who prioritized buying organic. However, the vast majority, particularly those with low levels of organic consumption, prioritized dietary flexibility over organic produce. Our findings suggest that to motivate those in this large consumer segment to increase their organic consumption, it will be necessary to offer a broader, more nutritionally differentiated, range of organic products.

Hvis der skal skabes varig forandring i forbrugernes madvaner, er der behov for en koordineret indsats mellem offentlige og private samt investering i samfundsvidenskabelig forskning.

In the light of increasing awareness of public health risks from livestock-sourced antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial use in animal agriculture is facing increased regulations around the world. The most recent and sophisticated addition is the Danish Yellow Card Initiative, which imposes quantity restriction on therapeutic antibiotic use. Using a panel m-order conditional efficiency analysis, this article provides one of the first empirical estimates of the association between the Danish Yellow Card Initiative and the economic efficiency of pig farms. The research design enables us to establish associations rather than causal relationships but the results suggest a small reduction (0.15 percentage points for the average farm) in revenue efficiency and a small reduction (0.03 percentage points) in cost efficiency in the short run after imposing restrictions to antibiotic use.

In response to growing concerns about public health risks of antibiotic resistance from food production, a range of regulations have been implemented on agricultural antibiotic use worldwide. Although the Danish yellow card initiative, antibiotic quantitative restriction, is considered as the most sophisticated latest addition, no rigorous empirical research has been conducted yet. This article provides the first empirical estimates of the effect of the yellow card initiative on the economic performance of farmers. The results show that the initiative has reduced gross profit and increased operating expenses of farmers. As such, farmers have spent more labour hours and costs performing biosecurity, increased spending on veterinary medical services and feed, which might have driven the reduction in profit.

Den animalske sektor skal reducere sin CO2-udledning globalt, og det kræver kendskab til fremtidens forbrugsmønstre for at kunne træffe de bedste beslutninger. Men når det kommer til klimaets påvirkning på vores forbrug, er der meget, forskerne ikke ved.

Kinas svineproduktion er ved at komme sig, men priserne falder. Hvad betyder det for danske svineproducenter nu og fremover?

Purpose: Given the fact that local food as a tool to create value-added is a relatively new trend in Scandinavian countries with a strong emphasis on organic food, only limited – and mainly qualitative and case-based - empirical evidence on producers and processors involved in local food value chains (FVCs) has been available so far. Thus, the present paper contributes to the small but growing literature analyzing local FVCs by providing and analyzing quantitative survey data. More specifically, the authors aim at investigating (1) how agricultural producers and processors define and perceive local food, (2) which drivers are important for the decision to become involved in local FVC and (3) whether these drivers differ in a systematic way across producers and processors. Design/methodology/approach: In order to address these research questions, empirical data from a quantitative stakeholder survey carried out in spring in 2017 is used. Data are analyzed via descriptive and inductive statistics including a cluster analysis. Findings: The survey results concerning the definition and perceptions of local food are in line with previous studies showing that there is usually a strong emphasis on geographic proximity. Besides, local (organic) food producers and processors are diverse and heterogeneous with differing distribution and product differentiation strategies being implemented and pursued. In particular, businesses employing primarily a personified distribution strategy (e.g. direct sales via farmers markets) differ quite substantially from businesses employing mainly a standardized distribution strategy (e.g. via retail) in their economic characteristics. Moreover, differences in the perception of potential benefits of local food as well as in the underlying drivers to become part of local FVCs were detected across businesses with different distribution strategies. Research limitations/implications: Although the employed data sample is considered adequate for