136 results on '"Jenny Gu"'
Search Results
2. The Early Youth Engagement in first episode psychosis (EYE-2) study: pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a team-based motivational engagement intervention to improve engagement
- Author
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Kathryn Greenwood, Rebecca Webb, Jenny Gu, David Fowler, Richard de Visser, Stephen Bremner, Iga Abramowicz, Nicky Perry, Stuart Clark, Anastacia O’Donnell, Dan Charlton, Rebecca Jarvis, Philippa Garety, Sunil Nandha, Belinda Lennox, Louise Johns, Shanaya Rathod, Peter Phiri, Paul French, Heather Law, Jo Hodgekins, Michelle Painter, Cate Treise, James Plaistow, Francis Irwin, Rose Thompson, Tanya Mackay, Carl R. May, Andy Healey, Richard Hooper, and Emmanuelle Peters
- Subjects
Psychosis ,Early intervention ,Engagement ,Intervention ,RCT ,Economic evaluation ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services improve health outcomes for young people with psychosis in the medium–long term, but 25% of young people disengage in the first 12 months with costs to their mental health, families, society and the NHS. This study will evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of a team-based motivational Early Youth Engagement (EYE-2) intervention. Method The study design is a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) with economic evaluation, comparing the EYE-2 intervention + standardised EIP service to standardised EIP service alone, with randomisation at the team level. A process evaluation will evaluate the delivery of the intervention qualitatively and quantitatively across contexts. The setting is 20 EIP teams in 5 sites: Manchester, South London, East Anglia, Thames Valley and Hampshire. Participants are young people (14–35 years) with first episode psychosis, and EIP staff. The intervention is the team-based motivational engagement (EYE-2) intervention, delivered alongside standardised EIP services, and supported by additional training, website, booklets and social groups. The comparator is the standardised EIP service. Both interventions are delivered by EIP clinicians. The primary outcome is time to disengagement (time in days from date of allocation to care coordinator to date of last contact following refusal to engage with EIP service, or lack of response to EIP contact for a consecutive 3-month period). Secondary outcomes include mental and physical health, deaths, social and occupational function, recovery, satisfaction and service use at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. A 12-month within-trial economic evaluation will investigate cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective and from an NHS perspective. Discussion The trial will provide the first test of an engagement intervention in standardised care, with the potential for significant impact on the mental health and wellbeing of young people and their families, and economic benefits for services. The intervention will be highly scalable, supported by the toolkit including manuals, commissioning guide, training and resources, adapted to meet the needs of the diverse EIP population, and based on an in-depth process evaluation. Trial registration ISRCTN 51629746 prospectively registered 7th May 2019. Date assigned 10th May 2019.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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3. Evaluation of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for life and a cognitive behavioural therapy stress-management workshop to improve healthcare staff stress: study protocol for two randomised controlled trials
- Author
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Clara Strauss, Jenny Gu, Nikki Pitman, Cavita Chapman, Willem Kuyken, and Adrian Whittington
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RCT ,Mindfulness ,MBCT ,MBCT-L ,Cognitive behavioural therapy ,CBT ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Abstract Background Healthcare workers experience higher levels of work-related stress and higher rates of sickness absence than workers in other sectors. Psychological approaches have potential in providing healthcare workers with the knowledge and skills to recognise stress and to manage stress effectively. The strongest evidence for effectiveness in reducing stress in the workplace is for stress-management courses based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) principles and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). However, research examining effects of these interventions on sickness absence (an objective indicator of stress) and compassion for others (an indicator of patient care) is limited, as is research on brief CBT stress-management courses (which may be more widely accessible) and on MBIs adapted for workplace settings. Methods/design This protocol is for two randomised controlled trials with participant preference between the two trials and 1:1 allocation to intervention or wait-list within the preferred choice. The first trial is examining a one-day CBT stress-management workshop and the second trial an 8-session Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Life (MBCT-L) course, with both trials comparing intervention to wait-list. The primary outcome for both trials is stress post-intervention with secondary outcomes being sickness absence, compassion for others, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, wellbeing, work-related burnout, self-compassion, presenteeism, and mindfulness (MBCT-L only). Both trials aim to recruit 234 staff working in the National Health Service in the UK. Discussion This trial will examine whether a one-day CBT stress-management workshop and an 8-session MBCT-L course are effective at reducing healthcare staff stress and other mental health outcomes compared to wait-list, and, whether these interventions are effective at reducing sickness absence and presenteeism and at enhancing wellbeing, self-compassion, mindfulness and compassion for others. Findings will help inform approaches offered to reduce healthcare staff stress and other key variables. A note of caution is that individual-level approaches should only be part of the solution to reducing healthcare staff stress within a broader focus on organisational-level interventions and support. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN11723441. Registered on 16 June 2017. Protocol Version 1: 24 April 2017. Trial Sponsor: Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (ResearchGovernance@sussexpartnership.nhs.uk).
- Published
- 2018
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4. Structural variation and its potential impact on genome instability: Novel discoveries in the EGFR landscape by long-read sequencing.
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George W Cook, Michael G Benton, Wallace Akerley, George F Mayhew, Cynthia Moehlenkamp, Denise Raterman, Daniel L Burgess, William J Rowell, Christine Lambert, Kevin Eng, Jenny Gu, Primo Baybayan, John T Fussell, Heath D Herbold, John M O'Shea, Thomas K Varghese, and Lyska L Emerson
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Structural variation (SV) is typically defined as variation within the human genome that exceeds 50 base pairs (bp). SV may be copy number neutral or it may involve duplications, deletions, and complex rearrangements. Recent studies have shown SV to be associated with many human diseases. However, studies of SV have been challenging due to technological constraints. With the advent of third generation (long-read) sequencing technology, exploration of longer stretches of DNA not easily examined previously has been made possible. In the present study, we utilized third generation (long-read) sequencing techniques to examine SV in the EGFR landscape of four haplotypes derived from two human samples. We analyzed the EGFR gene and its landscape (+/- 500,000 base pairs) using this approach and were able to identify a region of non-coding DNA with over 90% similarity to the most common activating EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer. Based on previously published Alu-element genome instability algorithms, we propose a molecular mechanism to explain how this non-coding region of DNA may be interacting with and impacting the stability of the EGFR gene and potentially generating this cancer-driver gene. By these techniques, we were also able to identify previously hidden structural variation in the four haplotypes and in the human reference genome (hg38). We applied previously published algorithms to compare the relative stabilities of these five different EGFR gene landscape haplotypes to estimate their relative potentials to generate the EGFR exon 19, 15 bp canonical deletion. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to use the differences in genomic architecture between targeted cancer-linked phased haplotypes to estimate their relative potentials to form a common cancer-linked driver mutation.
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- 2020
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5. Self-Compassion and Cultural Values: A Cross-Cultural Study of Self-Compassion Using a Multitrait-Multimethod (MTMM) Analytical Procedure
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Jesus Montero-Marin, Willem Kuyken, Catherine Crane, Jenny Gu, Ruth Baer, Aida A. Al-Awamleh, Satoshi Akutsu, Claudio Araya-Véliz, Nima Ghorbani, Zhuo Job Chen, Min-Sun Kim, Michail Mantzios, Danilo N. Rolim dos Santos, Luiz C. Serramo López, Ahmed A. Teleb, P. J. Watson, Ayano Yamaguchi, Eunjoo Yang, and Javier García-Campayo
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self-compassion ,SCS ,cross-cultural ,multitrait-multimethod ,MTMM ,CFA ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Self-compassion is natural, trainable and multi-faceted human capacity. To date there has been little research into the role of culture in influencing the conceptual structure of the underlying construct, the relative importance of different facets of self-compassion, nor its relationships to cultural values. This study employed a cross-cultural design, with 4,124 participants from 11 purposively sampled datasets drawn from different countries. We aimed to assess the relevance of positive and negative items when building the self-compassion construct, the convergence among the self-compassion components, and the possible influence of cultural values. Each dataset comprised undergraduate students who completed the “Self-Compassion Scale” (SCS). We used a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach to the multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) model, separating the variability into self-compassion components (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness), method (positive and negative valence), and error (uniqueness). The normative scores of the Values Survey Module (VSM) in each country, according to the cultural dimensions of individualism, masculinity, power distance, long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, and indulgence, were considered. We used Spearman coefficients (rs) to assess the degree of association between the cultural values and the variance coming from the positive and negative items to explain self-compassion traits, as well as the variance shared among the self-compassion traits, after removing the method effects produced by the item valence. The CFA applied to the MTMM model provided acceptable fit in all the samples. Positive items made a greater contribution to capturing the traits comprising self-compassion when the long-term orientation cultural value was higher (rs = 0.62; p = 0.042). Negative items did not make significant contributions to building the construct when the individualism cultural value was higher, but moderate effects were found (rs = 0.40; p = 0.228). The level of common variance among the self-compassion trait factors was inversely related to the indulgence cultural value (rs = -0.65; p = 0.030). The extent to which the positive and negative items contribute to explain self-compassion, and that different self-compassion facets might be regarded as reflecting a broader construct, might differ across cultural backgrounds.
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- 2018
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6. An empirical examination of the factor structure of compassion.
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Jenny Gu, Kate Cavanagh, Ruth Baer, and Clara Strauss
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Compassion has long been regarded as a core part of our humanity by contemplative traditions, and in recent years, it has received growing research interest. Following a recent review of existing conceptualisations, compassion has been defined as consisting of the following five elements: 1) recognising suffering, 2) understanding the universality of suffering in human experience, 3) feeling moved by the person suffering and emotionally connecting with their distress, 4) tolerating uncomfortable feelings aroused (e.g., fear, distress) so that we remain open to and accepting of the person suffering, and 5) acting or being motivated to act to alleviate suffering. As a prerequisite to developing a high quality compassion measure and furthering research in this field, the current study empirically investigated the factor structure of the five-element definition using a combination of existing and newly generated self-report items. This study consisted of three stages: a systematic consultation with experts to review items from existing self-report measures of compassion and generate additional items (Stage 1), exploratory factor analysis of items gathered from Stage 1 to identify the underlying structure of compassion (Stage 2), and confirmatory factor analysis to validate the identified factor structure (Stage 3). Findings showed preliminary empirical support for a five-factor structure of compassion consistent with the five-element definition. However, findings indicated that the 'tolerating' factor may be problematic and not a core aspect of compassion. This possibility requires further empirical testing. Limitations with items from included measures lead us to recommend against using these items collectively to assess compassion. Instead, we call for the development of a new self-report measure of compassion, using the five-element definition to guide item generation. We recommend including newly generated 'tolerating' items in the initial item pool, to determine whether or not factor-level issues are resolved once item-level issues are addressed.
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- 2017
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7. Ten simple rules for graduate students.
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Jenny Gu and Philip E Bourne
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Published
- 2007
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8. Wiggle-predicting functionally flexible regions from primary sequence.
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Jenny Gu, Michael Gribskov, and Philip E Bourne
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
The Wiggle series are support vector machine-based predictors that identify regions of functional flexibility using only protein sequence information. Functionally flexible regions are defined as regions that can adopt different conformational states and are assumed to be necessary for bioactivity. Many advances have been made in understanding the relationship between protein sequence and structure. This work contributes to those efforts by making strides to understand the relationship between protein sequence and flexibility. A coarse-grained protein dynamic modeling approach was used to generate the dataset required for support vector machine training. We define our regions of interest based on the participation of residues in correlated large-scale fluctuations. Even with this structure-based approach to computationally define regions of functional flexibility, predictors successfully extract sequence-flexibility relationships that have been experimentally confirmed to be functionally important. Thus, a sequence-based tool to identify flexible regions important for protein function has been created. The ability to identify functional flexibility using a sequence based approach complements structure-based definitions and will be especially useful for the large majority of proteins with unknown structures. The methodology offers promise to identify structural genomics targets amenable to crystallization and the possibility to engineer more flexible or rigid regions within proteins to modify their bioactivity.
- Published
- 2006
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9. Personalised recommendations of sleep behaviour with neural networks using sleep diaries captured in Sleepio.
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Alejo J. Nevado-Holgado, Colin A. Espie, Maria Liakata, Alasdair Henry, Jenny Gu, Niall Taylor, Kate Saunders, Tom Walker, and Chris Miller
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- 2022
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10. Does reading aloud to a dog improve children’s reading outcomes? An academic critique
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Jenny Gu and Sarah Wright
- Abstract
Educators are increasingly seeking innovative interventions to improve children’s reading skills through enhancing their reading enjoyment, motivation, and frequency. One such approach is through canine-assisted reading interventions in schools, which involve children reading aloud to therapy dogs and their handlers. The popularity of this approach is growing, with the development and delivery of numerous programmes and organisations worldwide. Given increasing interest in canine-assisted reading programmes in schools, there is a need to subject these interventions to scientific scrutiny, to evaluate the extent to which they are grounded in psychological theory, determine their efficacy for improving reading outcomes, and inform their implementation. In this critique, an overview of the theoretical underpinnings of reading aloud to dogs is first presented. Intervention effects are explained in terms of attachment theory, attentional control theory, and self-determination theory. The current critique also includes the first systematic review examining the effects of school-based canine-assisted interventions, compared to control conditions, on children’s reading outcomes. Findings from nine controlled studies are discussed. Currently, there is mixed and limited evidence for the efficacy of school-based canine-assisted reading interventions, compared to control conditions, on children’s reading skills, attainment, and attitude. Implications for practice and intervention implementation are considered.
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- 2023
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11. Factor structure and psychometric properties of a Swedish version of the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
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Andreas Sarling, Örjan Sundin, Fredrik Åhs, Jenny Gu, and Billy Jansson
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General Psychology - Published
- 2022
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12. Applying the cultural adaption framework to the Early Youth Engagement ( <scp>EYE</scp> ‐2) approach to early intervention in psychosis
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Shanaya Rathod, Peter Phiri, Richard de Visser, Sophie Moore, Karmen Au‐Yeung, Olivia Collier, Jenny Gu, Gergely Bartl, and Kathryn Greenwood
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Clinical Psychology ,General Medicine - Published
- 2023
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13. Existing standardised questionnaires do not adequately capture quality‐of‐life outcomes of greatest importance for those living with type 1 diabetes in pregnancy
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Jenny Gu, Kathleen H. Chaput, Amy Dunlop, Jane Booth, Denice S. Feig, and Lois E. Donovan
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Endocrinology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Internal Medicine - Published
- 2023
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14. Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
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Ruth Baer, Jenny Gu, and Clara Strauss
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- 2022
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15. Patients’ Experiences Managing Type 1 Diabetes Through Pregnancy: A Qualitative Inquiry
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Jenny Gu, Kathleen Chaput, Amy Dunlop, Jane Booth, Denice Feig, and Lois Donovan
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Endocrinology ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,Internal Medicine ,General Medicine - Published
- 2022
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16. The Early Youth Engagement in first episode psychosis (EYE-2) study: pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of implementation, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a team-based motivational engagement intervention to improve engagement
- Author
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Richard G. F. Visser, Philippa Garety, James Plaistow, Shanaya Rathod, Cate Treise, David Fowler, Rebecca Jarvis, Michelle Painter, Heather Law, Sunil Nandha, Francis Irwin, Joanne Hodgekins, Stephen Bremner, Jenny Gu, Dan Charlton, Andrew Healey, Kathryn Greenwood, Anastacia O’Donnell, Emmanuelle Peters, Belinda R Lennox, Nicky Perry, Rose Thompson, Paul French, Peter Phiri, Carl May, Rebecca Webb, Iga Abramowicz, Stuart Clark, Richard Hooper, Tanya Mackay, and Louise Johns
- Subjects
Medicine (General) ,Adolescent ,Cost effectiveness ,RJ101 ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,Youth engagement ,Population ,Psychological intervention ,BF ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Intervention ,Early intervention ,Process evaluation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Study Protocol ,HV ,R5-920 ,0302 clinical medicine ,Nursing ,Intervention (counseling) ,London ,Medicine ,Humans ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Cluster randomised controlled trial ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Engagement ,Motivation ,business.industry ,Psychosis ,Mental health ,Economic evaluation ,Early intervention in psychosis ,Mental Health ,Psychotic Disorders ,RC0321 ,business ,RA ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,RCT - Abstract
Background Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) services improve health outcomes for young people with psychosis in the medium–long term, but 25% of young people disengage in the first 12 months with costs to their mental health, families, society and the NHS. This study will evaluate the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and implementation of a team-based motivational Early Youth Engagement (EYE-2) intervention. Method The study design is a cluster randomised controlled trial (RCT) with economic evaluation, comparing the EYE-2 intervention + standardised EIP service to standardised EIP service alone, with randomisation at the team level. A process evaluation will evaluate the delivery of the intervention qualitatively and quantitatively across contexts. The setting is 20 EIP teams in 5 sites: Manchester, South London, East Anglia, Thames Valley and Hampshire. Participants are young people (14–35 years) with first episode psychosis, and EIP staff. The intervention is the team-based motivational engagement (EYE-2) intervention, delivered alongside standardised EIP services, and supported by additional training, website, booklets and social groups. The comparator is the standardised EIP service. Both interventions are delivered by EIP clinicians. The primary outcome is time to disengagement (time in days from date of allocation to care coordinator to date of last contact following refusal to engage with EIP service, or lack of response to EIP contact for a consecutive 3-month period). Secondary outcomes include mental and physical health, deaths, social and occupational function, recovery, satisfaction and service use at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months. A 12-month within-trial economic evaluation will investigate cost-effectiveness from a societal perspective and from an NHS perspective. Discussion The trial will provide the first test of an engagement intervention in standardised care, with the potential for significant impact on the mental health and wellbeing of young people and their families, and economic benefits for services. The intervention will be highly scalable, supported by the toolkit including manuals, commissioning guide, training and resources, adapted to meet the needs of the diverse EIP population, and based on an in-depth process evaluation. Trial registration ISRCTN 51629746 prospectively registered 7th May 2019. Date assigned 10th May 2019.
- Published
- 2021
17. The Importance of a House and the Pandemic Formation of the ATLFilmParty Community
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Jenny Gunn
- Subjects
independent cinema ,black cinema ,atlanta ,georgia ,film competitions ,liquid blackness ,Visual arts ,N1-9211 - Abstract
This article discusses the short films of the Atlanta-based black American filmmaker Olamma Oparah. Oparah’s film The Importance of a House was the winner of the inaugural ATLFilmParty (AFP) free film competition and industry networking event created by Brooke Sonenreich in the summer of 2021. Produced and directed in the era of both the COVID-19 pandemic and the aftermath of the US racial reckoning after the murder of George Floyd, The Importance of a House iterates the home as a site of refuge. This article analyses Oparah’s short in the context of two other films she directed in the same period, Laundry Day and No One Heals Without Dying that similarly explore the meaning of home as a black, female, and spiritual space. Using an object-oriented and artist-centered methodology informed by the author’s work with the liquid blackness research group, this article argues that Oparah’s films as texts speak to the contextual needs that AFP meets in fostering a local and independent home for filmmakers in Atlanta facing global Hollywood’s increasingly dominant presence in the city and the region.
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- 2024
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18. Reducing stress and promoting well-being in healthcare workers using mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for life
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Jesus Montero-Marin, Willem Kuyken, Clara Strauss, Jenny Gu, Cavita Chapman, and Adrian Whittington
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050103 clinical psychology ,Mindfulness ,medicine.medical_treatment ,050109 social psychology ,Stress ,law.invention ,Experiment ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Health care ,medicine ,Healthcare workers ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy ,Estrés ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Trabajadores sanitarios ,Mental health ,MBCT-L ,Clinical Psychology ,Atención plena ,Well-being ,Cognitive therapy ,Anxiety ,Experimento ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Background/Objective\ud Healthcare workers play a critical role in the health of a nation, yet rates of healthcare worker stress are disproportionately high. We evaluated whether mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for life (MBCT-L), could reduce stress in healthcare workers and target a range of secondary outcomes. Method: This is the first parallel randomised controlled trial of MBCT-L. Participants were NHS workers, who were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either MBCT-L or wait-list. The primary outcome was self-reported stress at post-intervention. Secondary variables were well-being, depression, anxiety, and work-related outcomes. Mixed regressions were used. Mindfulness and self/other-compassion were explored as potential mechanisms of effects on stress and wellbeing. Results: We assigned 234 participants to MBCT-L (n = 115) or to wait-list (n = 119). 168 (72%) participants completed the primary outcome and of those who started the MBCT-L 73.40% (n = 69) attended the majority of the sessions. MBCT-L ameliorated stress compared with controls (B = 2.60, 95% CI = 1.63‒3.56; d = -0.72; p < .0001). Effects were also found for well-being, depression and anxiety, but not for work-related outcomes. Mindfulness and self-compassion mediated effects on stress and wellbeing. Conclusions: MBCT-L could be an effective and acceptable part of a wider healthcare workers well-being and mental health strategy.
- Published
- 2020
19. Liability of foreignness in capital markets: Institutional distance and the cost of debt
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Abdul A. Rasheed, Yiwen (Jenny) Gu, R. Greg Bell, and Igor Filatotchev
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Economics and Econometrics ,050208 finance ,Weighted average cost of capital ,Strategy and Management ,Bond ,media_common.quotation_subject ,05 social sciences ,Liability ,Institutional distance ,Sample (statistics) ,Financial system ,Foreign bonds ,Debt capital ,Cost of capital ,Liability of foreignness ,Debt ,0502 economics and business ,Business ,Business and International Management ,Capital market ,050203 business & management ,Finance ,media_common - Abstract
We extend the domain of liability of foreignness (LOF) research to capital markets and evaluate whether firms incur LOF when attempting to raise debt capital abroad. We rely upon multiple conceptualizations of institutional distance to capture the extent to which distance may contribute to LOF in capital markets. Based on a sample of 361 firms from 45 countries over a 24 year time period, we find that institutional distances lead to increased cost of debt. More importantly, we find that frequency of foreign bond issuance helps to mitigate the LOF. We conclude with a discussion of our results and their implications for future research on understanding how firms address LOF when sourcing debt abroad.
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- 2019
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20. Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioral therapy for moderate-to-severe symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial
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Richard Emsley, Alasdair L. Henry, Guy M. Goodwin, Colin A. Espie, Christopher B. Miller, Kate E. A. Saunders, Jenny Gu, Jenna R. Carl, Michelle G. Craske, Richard Stott, Olivia Shin, Michelle L. Davis, Michael W. Otto, and Jasper A. J. Smits
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Generalized anxiety disorder ,Randomization ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Anxiety ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of life ,law ,medicine ,Clinical endpoint ,Humans ,media_common ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,Anxiety Disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,Cognitive behavioral therapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Treatment Outcome ,Physical therapy ,Quality of Life ,medicine.symptom ,Worry ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background:Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an efficacious intervention for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Digital CBT may provide a scalable means of delivering CBT at a population level. We investigated the efficacy of a novel digital CBT program in those with GAD for outcomes of anxiety, worry, depressive symptoms, sleep difficulty, wellbeing, and participant‐specific quality of life. Methods:This online, two‐arm parallel‐group superiority randomized controlled trial compared digital CBT with waitlist control in 256 participants with moderate‐to‐severe symptoms of GAD. Digital CBT (Daylight), was delivered using participants’ own smartphones. Online assessments took place at baseline (Week 0; immediately preceding randomization), mid‐intervention (Week 3; from randomization), post‐intervention (Week 6; primary endpoint), and follow‐up (Week 10). Results:Overall, 256 participants were randomized and intention‐to‐treat analysis foundDaylightreduced symptoms of anxiety compared with waitlist control at post‐intervention, reflecting a large effect size (adjusted difference [95% CI]: 3.22 [2.14, 4.31],d = 1.08). Significant improvements were found for measures of worry; depressive symptoms, sleep difficulty, wellbeing, and participant‐specific quality of life. Conclusion:Digital CBT (Daylight) appears to be safe and efficacious for symptoms of anxiety, worry, and further measures of mental health compared with waitlist control in individuals with GAD.
- Published
- 2020
21. Identifying allosteric fluctuation transitions between different protein conformational states as applied to Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2.
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Jenny Gu and Philip E. Bourne
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- 2007
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22. The Clinical Role of Euthymia in Mental Health
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Jenny Guidi
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Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2024
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23. Study protocol: infectious diseases consortium (I3D) for study on integrated and innovative approaches for management of respiratory infections: respiratory infections research and outcome study (RESPIRO)
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Dorothy Hui Lin Ng, Travis Ren Teen Chia, Barnaby Edward Young, Sapna Sadarangani, Ser Hon Puah, Jenny Guek Hong Low, Gabriel Zherong Yan, Yin Mo, Nicholas Jinghao Ngiam, Samuel Sherng Young Wang, Yan Tong Loo, Faith Evangeline Jie Qi Ong, Andrew Yunkai Li, Sharlene Ho, Lisa Ng, Paul Anantharajah Tambyah, and Tsin Wen Yeo
- Subjects
Study protocol ,Community-acquired pneumonia ,Epidemiology ,Pathogenesis ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background Community-acquired respiratory infections are a leading cause of illness and death globally. The aetiologies of community-acquired pneumonia remain poorly defined. The RESPIRO study is an ongoing prospective observational cohort study aimed at developing pragmatic logistical and analytic platforms to accurately identify the causes of moderate-to-severe community-acquired pneumonia in adults and understand the factors influencing disease caused by individual pathogens. The study is currently underway in Singapore and has plans for expansion into the broader region. Methods RESPIRO is being conducted at three major tertiary hospitals in Singapore. Adults hospitalised with acute community-acquired pneumonia or lower respiratory tract infections, based on established clinical, laboratory and radiological criteria, will be recruited. Over the course of the illness, clinical data and biological samples will be collected longitudinally and stored in a biorepository for future analysis. Discussion The RESPIRO study is designed to be hypothesis generating, complementary to and easily integrated with other research projects and clinical trials. The detailed clinical database and biorepository will yield insights into the epidemiology and outcomes of community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in Singapore and the surrounding region and offers the opportunity to deeply characterise the microbiology and immunopathology of community-acquired pneumonia.
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- 2024
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24. A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Brief Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention in a Non-clinical Population: Replication and Extension
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Puffin O’Hanlon, Jenny Gu, Clara Strauss, Kate Cavanagh, Phoebe Votolato, Alasdair Churchard, Thomas Mundy, and Fergal W. Jones
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050103 clinical psychology ,Health (social science) ,Mindfulness ,Social Psychology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,E-mental health ,Psychological intervention ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Self-help ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Psychoeducation ,medicine ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Meditation ,education ,Wait list control group ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,Original Paper ,education.field_of_study ,05 social sciences ,Mediation ,3. Good health ,Internet intervention ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Building on previous research, this study compared the effects of two brief, online mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs; with and without formal meditation practice) and a no intervention control group in a non-clinical sample. One hundred and fifty-five university staff and students were randomly allocated to a 2-week, self-guided, online MBI with or without mindfulness meditation practice, or a wait list control. Measures of mindfulness, perceived stress, perseverative thinking and anxiety/depression symptoms within were administered before and after the intervention period. Intention to treat analysis identified significant differences between groups on change over time for all measured outcomes. Participation in the MBIs was associated with significant improvements in all measured domains (all ps
- Published
- 2018
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25. Investigating the Specific Effects of an Online Mindfulness-Based Self-Help Intervention on Stress and Underlying Mechanisms
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Jenny Gu, Clara Strauss, and Kate Cavanagh
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050103 clinical psychology ,Mediation (statistics) ,Health (social science) ,Mindfulness ,Social Psychology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological intervention ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Stress ,Self-help ,050105 experimental psychology ,law.invention ,Social support ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Intervention (counseling) ,Mechanisms ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Online ,Self-compassion ,Applied Psychology ,media_common ,Original Paper ,05 social sciences ,Worry ,Psychology ,RCT ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Previous research examining the effects of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) and their mechanisms of change has been hampered by failure to control for non-specific factors, such as social support and interaction with group members, facilitator contact and expectation of benefit, meaning that it remained possible that benefits of MBIs could have been attributable, perhaps entirely, to non-specific elements. This experimental study examined the effects of a 2-week online mindfulness-based self-help (MBSH) intervention compared to a well-matched classical music control condition and a waitlist control condition on perceived stress. This study also tested mindfulness, self-compassion and worry as mechanisms of the effects of MBSH versus both control conditions on stress. University students and staff (N = 214) were randomised to MBSH, classical music, or waitlist conditions and completed self-report measures pre-, mid- and post-intervention. Post-intervention, MBSH was found to significantly reduce stress compared to both control conditions. Bootstrapping-based mediation analyses used standardised residualised change scores for all variables, with mediators computed as change from baseline to mid-intervention, and the outcome computed as change from baseline to post-intervention. Changes in mindfulness, self-compassion and worry were found to significantly mediate the effects of MBSH versus both control conditions on changes in stress. Findings suggest that cultivating mindfulness specifically confers benefits to stress and that these benefits may occur through improving theorised mechanisms.
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- 2017
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26. Feasibility and efficacy of a digital CBT intervention for symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A randomized multiple-baseline study
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Kate H. Bentley, Bernard S. Gorman, Adrienne J. Heinz, Guy M. Goodwin, Christopher B. Miller, Jenny Gu, Alasdair L. Henry, Michelle L. Davis, Colin A. Espie, Jenna R. Carl, Michelle G. Craske, and Richard Stott
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Adult ,Male ,050103 clinical psychology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Generalized anxiety disorder ,media_common.quotation_subject ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,0302 clinical medicine ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Randomized controlled trial ,Quality of life ,law ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Generalizability theory ,media_common ,Aged ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,05 social sciences ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Anxiety Disorders ,030227 psychiatry ,Cognitive behavioral therapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Multiple baseline design ,Treatment Outcome ,Physical therapy ,Quality of Life ,Anxiety ,Feasibility Studies ,Female ,Smartphone ,Worry ,medicine.symptom ,Psychology - Abstract
Background and objectives Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is a first-line treatment for anxiety, but it is not widely available as clinical guidelines recommend. We examined the feasibility and efficacy of a novel smartphone-based fully automated digital CBT intervention, ‘Daylight™‘, to improve symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Methods In this multiple-baseline design, 21 adults (20 F; mean age 43yrs. range 19–65yrs.) with moderate-to-severe symptoms of GAD were randomized to one of three baseline durations (2-, 4-, or 6-weeks) and then received access to digital CBT. Participants completed daily ratings of anxiety and worry, weekly measures of anxiety, depressive symptoms, and sleep, and measures of anxiety, worry, wellbeing, quality of life, CBT skill acquisition, and work performance at initial assessment prior to baseline randomization, post-intervention, and follow-up. Results Digital CBT was found to be feasible in terms of engagement, satisfaction, and safety. For preliminary efficacy, improvements were detected in daily and weekly outcomes of anxiety for most participants. Despite individual differences, significant improvements occurred with the introduction of digital CBT and not during baseline. Overall, 70% of participants no longer had clinically significant symptoms of GAD, 61% no longer had significant depressive symptoms, and 40% no longer had significant sleep difficulty at post-intervention. Limitations The study sample was recruited using the internet and was mostly female, limiting the generalizability of the findings. Conclusions Findings support the feasibility and efficacy of Daylight. Further examination in randomized controlled trials is now warranted.
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- 2019
27. Correction to Baer et al. (2019)
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Jenny Gu, Kate Cavanagh, Clara Strauss, and Ruth A. Baer
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050103 clinical psychology ,Mindfulness ,differential sensitivity to change with treatment ,Psychometrics ,Psychological intervention ,PsycINFO ,randomized trials ,law.invention ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychological testing ,Attention ,self-report assessment ,05 social sciences ,Construct validity ,Articles ,Awareness ,3. Good health ,meta-analysis ,Psychotherapy ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Social Perception ,Meta-analysis ,Other ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
In support of the construct validity of mindfulness questionnaires, meta-analytic reviews have reported that scores increase in mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). However, several studies have also found increased mindfulness scores in interventions with no explicit mindfulness training, raising a question about differential sensitivity to change with treatment. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 37 randomized controlled trials in which mindfulness questionnaires were administered before and after an evidence-based MBI and a nonmindfulness-based active control condition. The central question was whether increases in mindfulness scores would be greater in the MBI than in the comparison group. On average, participants in MBIs showed significantly greater pre–post changes in mindfulness scores than were seen in active control conditions with no explicit mindfulness elements, with a small overall effect size. This effect was moderated by which mindfulness questionnaire was used, by the type of active control condition, and by whether the MBI and control were matched for amount of session time. When mindfulness facet scores were analyzed separately, MBIs showed significantly greater pre–post increases than active controls in observing, nonjudging, and nonreactivity but not in describing or acting with awareness. Although findings provide partial support for the differential sensitivity of mindfulness questionnaires to change with treatment, the nonsignificant difference in pre–post change when the MBI and control were matched for session time highlights the need to clarify how mindfulness skills are acquired in MBIs and in other interventions and whether revisions to mindfulness questionnaires would increase their specificity to changes in mindfulness skills., Public Significance Statement This review found that scores on mindfulness questionnaires increase more in mindfulness-based interventions than in interventions with no explicit mindfulness training, but not under all conditions. When the two treatments had equal session time, increases in mindfulness scores were similar. Nonmindfulness-based interventions may implicitly cultivate mindfulness skills, or the questionnaires may need revisions to increase their specificity to changes in mindfulness skills.
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- 2019
28. Development and Psychometric Properties of the Sussex-Oxford Compassion Scales (SOCS)
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Jenny, Gu, Ruth, Baer, Kate, Cavanagh, Willem, Kuyken, and Clara, Strauss
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Adult ,Male ,Psychometrics ,questionnaire ,SOCS-O ,compassion ,Reproducibility of Results ,SOCS-S ,Articles ,measure ,Middle Aged ,self-report ,self-compassion ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Humans ,Female ,Self Report ,Empathy ,Factor Analysis, Statistical - Abstract
Compassion has received increasing societal and scientific interest in recent years. The science of compassion requires a tool that can offer valid and reliable measurement of the construct to allow examination of its causes, correlates, and consequences. The current studies developed and examined the psychometric properties of new self-report measures of compassion for others and for the self, the 20-item Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale (SOCS-O) and 20-item Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale (SOCS-S). These were based on the theoretically and empirically supported definition of compassion as comprising five dimensions: (a) recognizing suffering, (b) understanding the universality of suffering, (c) feeling for the person suffering, (d) tolerating uncomfortable feelings, and (e) motivation to act/acting to alleviate suffering. Findings support the five-factor structure for both the SOCS-O and SOCS-S. Scores on both scales showed adequate internal consistency, interpretability, floor/ceiling effects, and convergent and discriminant validity.
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- 2019
29. THU0086 PREDICTING TNFALPHA INHIBITOR TREATMENT RESPONSE USING SERUM CYTOKINES IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
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Jenny Gu, Marissa Lassere, and Sue Baker
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030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,0301 basic medicine ,Longitudinal study ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Mixing study ,medicine.disease ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cytokine ,Prednisone ,Internal medicine ,Rheumatoid arthritis ,medicine ,Rheumatoid factor ,Methotrexate ,Tumor necrosis factor alpha ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Tumour necrosis factor-αlpha inhibitors (TNFαi) are the main biologics (b-MARDs) used to treat active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients that have failed disease modifying treatment (DMARD). However, 10% of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, TNFα inhibitors do not work at all. Patients are continued on this treatment for several months risking side-effects in the hope that the treatment will work. Another 40% of patients respond partially to this treatment and have to also be treated with other drugs such as methotrexate and prednisone in addition to treatment with TNFαi. Biomarkers offer an opportunity to identify before starting or soon after starting treatment with TNFαi which patients will be responders and whether prednisone and other drugs can be reduced and optimise the risk-benefit of treatment. Objectives: We undertook a series of experiments with the following objectives: determine whether cytokine biomarkers will predict which patients with rheumatoid arthritis are: (a) sustained DMARD early treatment responders (b) sustained TNFαi early treatment responders, (c) TNFαi early treatment failures. Methods: We used the Millipore’s MILLIPLEX MAP Human Th17 Magnetic Bead kit for the simultaneous quantification of the following cytokines: IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-10, IL- 12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IL-17E/IL-25, IL-17F, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23, IL-27, IL-28A, IL-31, IL-33, GMCSF, IFNγ, MIP-3α, TNFα and TNFβ. γ, MIP-3α, TNFα and TNFβ. We evaluated 14 patients with RA starting on a DMARD and 26 patients with RA starting on a TNFαi after failing DMARDs. These cytokines were assayed monthly 2 or 3 months prior to starting a TNFαi to evaluate month-to-month cytokine variability and every month up to 5 months after initiation of treatment. RA disease activity was measured using the RA Disease Activity Score (DASCRP28) which includes joint counts, CRP and a patient-reported outcome of health status. All samples were blocked with Heteroblock to reduce rheumatoid factor and other heterophilic antibodies. Rheumatoid factor was measured before and after blocking. The same negative and positive controls were included across all plate runs. All assays were done in singlet to accommodate longitudinal samples. Mixing studies were undertaken to evaluate whether cytokine results could be analysed using quantitative statistics. Results: We had 67 serum samples in the DMARD treated group and 202 serum samples in the TNFαi treated group because of the longitudinal study design. Using mixed effects linear regression to account for longitudinal data in a model that included all 25 cytokines, treatment-time and treatment type (DMARD or TNFαi+/-DMARD), we found that in patients on DMARDs, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-28A, and TNFβ were associated with treatment response. However, in TNFαi treated patients, TNF-a, GM-CSF and IL-6 were associated with treatment response. Only p values Conclusion: In this study of treatment response comparing DMARDs and TNFαi in a longitudinal cohort of 26 patients with a total of 202 samples measuring TNFα and GM-CSF may predict early TNFαi responders. Disclosure of Interests: Marissa Lassere Grant/research support from: I have received research support with educational grant funding from Sanofi-Aventis, Pfizer, MSD, Abbvie, Sue Baker: None declared, Jenny Gu: None declared DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.6445
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- 2019
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30. A High-Quality, Long-Read De Novo Genome Assembly to Aid Conservation of Hawaii’s Last Remaining Crow Species
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M. Renee Bellinger, Jolene T. Sutton, Primo Baybayan, Oliver A. Ryder, Martin Helmkampf, Richard Hall, Jonas Korlach, Jenny Gu, Cynthia C. Steiner, Sarah B. Kingan, Bryce M. Masuda, and Jill Muehling
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0301 basic medicine ,0106 biological sciences ,Hawaiian crow ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,Population ,runs of homozygosity (ROH) ,Endangered species ,Sequence assembly ,Genomics ,SMRT sequencing ,Runs of Homozygosity ,Biology ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Genome ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Captive breeding ,Genetics ,education ,Genetics (clinical) ,Wildlife conservation ,030304 developmental biology ,Comparative genomics ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,behavior ,fungi ,food and beverages ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,major histocompatibility complex ,lcsh:Genetics ,030104 developmental biology ,toll-like receptors ,Evolutionary biology ,inbreeding depression - Abstract
Genome-level data can provide researchers with unprecedented precision to examine the causes and genetic consequences of population declines, which can inform conservation management. Here, we present a high-quality, long-read, de novo genome assembly for one of the world’s most endangered bird species, the ʻAlalā (Corvus hawaiiensis, Hawaiian crow). As the only remaining native crow species in Hawaiʻi, the ʻAlalā survived solely in a captive-breeding program from 2002 until 2016, at which point a long-term reintroduction program was initiated. The high-quality genome assembly was generated to lay the foundation for both comparative genomics studies and the development of population-level genomic tools that will aid conservation and recovery efforts. We illustrate how the quality of this assembly places it amongst the very best avian genomes assembled to date, comparable to intensively studied model systems. We describe the genome architecture in terms of repetitive elements and runs of homozygosity, and we show that compared with more outbred species, the ʻAlalā genome is substantially more homozygous. We also provide annotations for a subset of immunity genes that are likely to be important in conservation management, and we discuss how this genome is currently being used as a roadmap for downstream conservation applications.
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- 2018
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31. Evaluation of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for life and a cognitive behavioural therapy stress-management workshop to improve healthcare staff stress: study protocol for two randomised controlled trials
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Adrian Whittington, Nikki Pitman, Cavita Chapman, Willem Kuyken, Jenny Gu, and Clara Strauss
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Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ,050103 clinical psychology ,Stress management ,Time Factors ,Mindfulness ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Psychological intervention ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Cognitive behavioural therapy ,State Medicine ,law.invention ,Occupational Stress ,Study Protocol ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Burnout ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Workplace ,Burnout, Professional ,Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ,Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy ,lcsh:R5-920 ,Wellbeing ,05 social sciences ,3. Good health ,MBCT-L ,Mental Health ,Treatment Outcome ,England ,MBCT ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,RCT ,Attitude of Health Personnel ,Health Personnel ,CBT ,Stress ,Sickness absence ,03 medical and health sciences ,Nursing ,NHS ,Compassion ,medicine ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Cognitive Behavioral Therapy ,business.industry ,Healthcare staff ,Mental health ,Healthcare professional ,Presenteeism ,Cognitive therapy ,business - Abstract
Background Healthcare workers experience higher levels of work-related stress and higher rates of sickness absence than workers in other sectors. Psychological approaches have potential in providing healthcare workers with the knowledge and skills to recognise stress and to manage stress effectively. The strongest evidence for effectiveness in reducing stress in the workplace is for stress-management courses based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) principles and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs). However, research examining effects of these interventions on sickness absence (an objective indicator of stress) and compassion for others (an indicator of patient care) is limited, as is research on brief CBT stress-management courses (which may be more widely accessible) and on MBIs adapted for workplace settings. Methods/design This protocol is for two randomised controlled trials with participant preference between the two trials and 1:1 allocation to intervention or wait-list within the preferred choice. The first trial is examining a one-day CBT stress-management workshop and the second trial an 8-session Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Life (MBCT-L) course, with both trials comparing intervention to wait-list. The primary outcome for both trials is stress post-intervention with secondary outcomes being sickness absence, compassion for others, depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, wellbeing, work-related burnout, self-compassion, presenteeism, and mindfulness (MBCT-L only). Both trials aim to recruit 234 staff working in the National Health Service in the UK. Discussion This trial will examine whether a one-day CBT stress-management workshop and an 8-session MBCT-L course are effective at reducing healthcare staff stress and other mental health outcomes compared to wait-list, and, whether these interventions are effective at reducing sickness absence and presenteeism and at enhancing wellbeing, self-compassion, mindfulness and compassion for others. Findings will help inform approaches offered to reduce healthcare staff stress and other key variables. A note of caution is that individual-level approaches should only be part of the solution to reducing healthcare staff stress within a broader focus on organisational-level interventions and support. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN11723441. Registered on 16 June 2017. Protocol Version 1: 24 April 2017. Trial Sponsor: Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust (ResearchGovernance@sussexpartnership.nhs.uk). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2547-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
- Published
- 2018
32. Examining the effects of digital CBT for insomnia on depressive symptoms in individuals with insomnia scoring above clinical cut-off for depression: a retrospective analysis of 3,352 participants from two large-effectiveness RCTS (OASIS & DIALS)
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Christopher B. Miller, Richard Stott, Colin A. Espie, Annemarie I. Luik, Jenny Gu, Daniel Freeman, Richard Emsley, Alasdair L. Henry, Kate E. A. Saunders, and Bryony Sheaves
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medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Retrospective analysis ,Insomnia ,Medicine ,General Medicine ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Depressive symptoms - Published
- 2019
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33. Mortgage loan securitization and personal consumption smoothening
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Yingying Shao, Rodrigo Hernandez, Pu Liu, and Jenny Gu
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Consumption (economics) ,Economics and Econometrics ,050208 finance ,Financial innovation ,05 social sciences ,Financial system ,Mortgage loan ,Loan ,Personal consumption expenditures price index ,0502 economics and business ,Securitization ,Mortgage underwriting ,Business ,050207 economics ,Real economy ,Finance - Abstract
In this paper we examine the extent to which personal consumptions are sheltered from state-specific economic shocks because of banks’ mortgage loan securitizations. We posit that securitization contributes to personal consumption smoothening due to securitizations’ positive effect on banks’ credit supply, which reduces consumers’ consumption constraints during economic shocks. Using data for U. S. banks’ mortgage loan securitizations from 1989 to 2008, we show that personal consumption smoothening is positively related to securitization. The finding of a significant relationship between loan securitizations and consumption smoothening contributes to the continuing debate on the role of financial innovation in real economy.
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- 2015
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34. Novel Pharmacodynamic Approach to Assess Obatoclax (GX15-070) and Bortezomib (BTZ) Synergism in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
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Gerald J. Fetterly, Lance Wollenberg, Myron S. Czuczman, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Karen E. Thudium, Cory Mavis, and Jenny Gu
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Cancer Research ,business.industry ,Bortezomib ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease ,Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oncology ,chemistry ,Pharmacodynamics ,Cancer research ,Medicine ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,business ,Obatoclax ,medicine.drug - Published
- 2015
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35. How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies
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Clara Strauss, Jenny Gu, Kate Cavanagh, and Rod Bond
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Mediation (statistics) ,Mindfulness ,Psychotherapist ,medicine.medical_treatment ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Mental health ,Mindfulness-based stress reduction ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,Mental Health ,Treatment Outcome ,Rumination ,medicine ,Cognitive therapy ,Humans ,medicine.symptom ,Worry ,Psychology ,Stress, Psychological ,Clinical psychology ,Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy ,media_common - Abstract
Given the extensive evidence base for the efficacy of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), researchers have started to explore the mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects on psychological outcomes, using methods of mediation analysis. No known studies have systematically reviewed and statistically integrated mediation studies in this field. The present study aimed to systematically review mediation studies in the literature on mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs), to identify potential psychological mechanisms underlying MBCT and MBSR's effects on psychological functioning and wellbeing, and evaluate the strength and consistency of evidence for each mechanism. For the identified mechanisms with sufficient evidence, quantitative synthesis using two-stage meta-analytic structural equation modelling (TSSEM) was used to examine whether these mechanisms mediate the impact of MBIs on clinical outcomes. This review identified strong, consistent evidence for cognitive and emotional reactivity, moderate and consistent evidence for mindfulness, rumination, and worry, and preliminary but insufficient evidence for self-compassion and psychological flexibility as mechanisms underlying MBIs. TSSEM demonstrated evidence for mindfulness, rumination and worry as significant mediators of the effects of MBIs on mental health outcomes. Most reviewed mediation studies have several key methodological shortcomings which preclude robust conclusions regarding mediation. However, they provide important groundwork on which future studies could build.
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- 2015
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36. Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Simple Snoring: Efficacy of a New Mandibular Advancement Device
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Francesca Cremonini, Gaia Poma, Mario Palone, Federica Pellitteri, Jenny Guidorzi, Valentina Colabianchi, Francesco Stomeo, and Luca Lombardo
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obstructive sleep apnea ,OSAS ,mandibular advancement device ,apnea–hypopnea index ,oral appliance ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The following prospective study has the aim of evaluating the efficiency of the F22 MAD (mandibular advancement device), a new oral device for the treatment of OSAS (Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome) and snoring. Methods: AHI (apnea-hypopnea index), ODI (Oxygen Desaturation Index), snoring percentage, time spent in the supine position, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score were evaluated in 19 patients with snoring, mild to moderate OSAS, or severe OSAS who declined CPAP (Continuous Positive Air Pressure) treatment, before and after the application of the F22 MAD. Results: The median value of AHI varied from 15.6 ± 10.7 to 5.7 ± 5.7; the median value of ODI varied from 13.4 ± 8.8 to 6.2 ± 5.2; the median value of the percentage of snoring varied from 30.7 ± 7 to 7.5 ± 10.8, except for the patient who has severe OSAS who increased their value. The value obtained by the self-completion of the ESS questionnaire (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) underwent a statistically significant variation, while clinically significant for 13\19 patients who obtained a reduction of the value >/= of 2 points. Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that the F22 MAD is effective in the treatment of patients with mild and moderate OSAS or simple snoring, reducing the polysomnographic outcomes with statistically and clinically significant results in terms of reduction of AHI, ODI and percentage of snoring.
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- 2024
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37. 992 Immunomodulatory nature of glioblastoma-derived lipids against human NKT cells
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Masaki Terabe, Jinkyu Jung, Masud Alam, Jenny Gumperz, Morgan Coombs, Tyrone Dowdy, Guzal Khayrullina, Vibhuti Joshi, Seketoulie Keretsu, Ayaka Hara, Kelsey Smith, and Mioara Larion
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2023
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38. 337 Homeostatic signals promote differentiation of memory T cell subsets that mediate sensitive IFN
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Nikhila Sham Sunder Bharadwaj and Jenny Gumperz
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Published
- 2023
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39. Structural variation and its potential impact on genome instability: Novel discoveries in the EGFR landscape by long-read sequencing
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Cook George W, Denise Raterman, Lyska Emerson, Michael G. Benton, William J Rowell, Primo Baybayan, Daniel Burgess, Jenny Gu, Heath D. Herbold, Thomas K. Varghese, John M. O’Shea, Cynthia Moehlenkamp, George F. Mayhew, Wallace Akerley, Christine C. Lambert, John T. Fussell, and Kevin Eng
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Genome instability ,Lung Neoplasms ,Heredity ,Gene Identification and Analysis ,Genetic Networks ,Biochemistry ,Genome ,Database and Informatics Methods ,0302 clinical medicine ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Basic Cancer Research ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Macromolecular Structure Analysis ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ,Genomics ,Genetic Mapping ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Medicine ,Sequence Analysis ,Network Analysis ,Research Article ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Protein Structure ,Bioinformatics ,Science ,Alu element ,Computational biology ,Biology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Genomic Instability ,Human Genomics ,Structural variation ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cancer Genomics ,Genomic Medicine ,Alu Elements ,Sequence Motif Analysis ,Genetics ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Repeated Sequences ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,030304 developmental biology ,Genome, Human ,Genetic Variation ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Proteins ,Genes, erbB-1 ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Haplotypes ,Human genome ,Protein Structure Networks ,Sequence Alignment ,Reference genome - Abstract
Structural variation (SV) is typically defined as variation within the human genome that exceeds 50 base pairs (bp). SV may be copy number neutral or it may involve duplications, deletions, and complex rearrangements. Recent studies have shown SV to be associated with many human diseases. However, studies of SV have been challenging due to technological constraints. With the advent of third generation (long-read) sequencing technology, exploration of longer stretches of DNA not easily examined previously has been made possible. In the present study, we utilized third generation (long-read) sequencing techniques to examine SV in the EGFR landscape of four haplotypes derived from two human samples. We analyzed the EGFR gene and its landscape (+/- 500,000 base pairs) using this approach and were able to identify a region of non-coding DNA with over 90% similarity to the most common activating EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer. Based on previously published Alu-element genome instability algorithms, we propose a molecular mechanism to explain how this non-coding region of DNA may be interacting with and impacting the stability of the EGFR gene and potentially generating this cancer-driver gene. By these techniques, we were also able to identify previously hidden structural variation in the four haplotypes and in the human reference genome (hg38). We applied previously published algorithms to compare the relative stabilities of these five different EGFR gene landscape haplotypes to estimate their relative potentials to generate the EGFR exon 19, 15 bp canonical deletion. To our knowledge, the present study is the first to use the differences in genomic architecture between targeted cancer-linked phased haplotypes to estimate their relative potentials to form a common cancer-linked driver mutation.
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- 2020
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40. Excitation and inhibition in recurrent networks mediate collision avoidance inXenopustadpoles
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David Koren, Heng Xu, Jenny Gu, Carlos D. Aizenman, and Arseny S. Khakhalin
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Superior Colliculi ,Patch-Clamp Techniques ,genetic structures ,Models, Neurological ,Glutamic Acid ,Neural Inhibition ,Sensory system ,Motor Activity ,Stimulus (physiology) ,Visual system ,Inhibitory postsynaptic potential ,Xenopus laevis ,Looming ,Escape Reaction ,Animals ,Visual Pathways ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,Neurons ,General Neuroscience ,Optic Nerve ,Larva ,Synapses ,Visual Perception ,Excitatory postsynaptic potential ,sense organs ,Tectum ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Photic Stimulation - Abstract
Information processing in the vertebrate brain is thought to be mediated through distributed neural networks, but it is still unclear how sensory stimuli are encoded and detected by these networks, and what role synaptic inhibition plays in this process. Here we used a collision avoidance behavior in Xenopus tadpoles as a model for stimulus discrimination and recognition. We showed that the visual system of the tadpole is selective for behaviorally relevant looming stimuli, and that the detection of these stimuli first occurs in the optic tectum. By comparing visually guided behavior, optic nerve recordings, excitatory and inhibitory synaptic currents, and the spike output of tectal neurons, we showed that collision detection in the tadpole relies on the emergent properties of distributed recurrent networks within the tectum. We found that synaptic inhibition was temporally correlated with excitation, and did not actively sculpt stimulus selectivity, but rather it regulated the amount of integration between direct inputs from the retina and recurrent inputs from the tectum. Both pharmacological suppression and enhancement of synaptic inhibition disrupted emergent selectivity for looming stimuli. Taken together these findings suggested that, by regulating the amount of network activity, inhibition plays a critical role in maintaining selective sensitivity to behaviorally-relevant visual stimuli.
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- 2014
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41. The case for a real options approach to ex-ante cost-benefit analyses of agricultural research projects
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Stephen Andoseh, Jenny Gu, and Rachel A. Bahn
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Economics and Econometrics ,Food security ,Sociology and Political Science ,Cost–benefit analysis ,Impact assessment ,business.industry ,Monitoring and evaluation ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,Development ,Private sector ,Net present value ,Risk analysis (engineering) ,New product development ,Economics ,Marketing ,business ,International development ,Food Science - Abstract
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID), like many other development agencies and donors, increasingly emphasizes evidence-based programming. This requires assessments of project performance at all stages of implementation, comprising ex-ante impact assessment, monitoring and evaluation, and ex-post attribution of outcomes. Ex-ante impact assessment, in particular, involves performing Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) to determine the Expected Net Present Value (ENPV) of the project in question. Unfortunately, the traditional ENPV approach has proven inadequate for dealing with uncertainty in the timing of investments and flexibility in future decision making. This is especially relevant for Research and Development (R&D) projects which require several stages of product development and multiple rounds of testing prior to releasing final products. As a consequence, the real-options approach to CBA has increasingly been used to evaluate private sector R&D projects. This paper advocates for the adoption of the real options approach in the evaluation of public investments in agricultural research, and illustrates its practical utility with an assessment conducted by USAID to determine the economic viability of a proposed project to develop improved varieties of critical food security crops in Uganda.
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- 2014
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42. The Time Decay of Bond Premium and Discount—An Analysis of the Time Passage Effect on Bond Prices
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Jenny Gu, Grace Yaru Liu, and Jorge Brusa
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Zero-coupon bond ,Bond convexity ,Bond valuation ,Financial economics ,Face value ,Bond ,Quantitative easing ,Economics ,Asset (economics) ,Monetary economics ,Maturity (finance) - Abstract
In this paper, we show that the price of a premium bond and the price of a discount bond will both move toward face value at an increasing rate as the bonds approach maturity. We present a mathematical proof to show that the decline in premium and discount decline over time, to be referred to as time decay, accelerates as time passes by. We also provide numerical examples and graphical representations to illustrate the time passage effect on bond prices and discuss the implications of the findings to bond investor and asset managers in light of the quantitative easing policies taken by central banks after the 2008 financial crisis.
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- 2014
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43. Klass och (o)fria val i samtidens globala reproduktionslandskap
- Author
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Jenny Gunnarsson Payne
- Subjects
Ethnology. Social and cultural anthropology ,GN301-674 - Abstract
The number of Swedish children conceived through commercial surrogacy abroad are increasing and the media debate on surrogacy is heated. In the wake of this, the Swedish public sphere is being filled with personal narratives of individuals travelling abroad with the purpose of having a child through surrogacy. This article analyses two books written by parents through surrogacy: Jaga storken (Hunt the stork) and Moscow baby, with a particular interest in how these two narratives describe and justify the stark class inequalities between intended parents and surrogate mothers. This kind of personal stories contribute to the normalisation of surrogacy through representing intended parents as ”having no choice” and the surrogate mothers as ”choosing subjects”. Thus, they play a crucial ideological function in the ongoing debate on surrogacy.
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- 2023
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44. Examining the factor structure of the 39-item and 15-item versions of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire before and after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with recurrent depression
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Catherine Crane, Clara Strauss, Jenny Gu, Kate Cavanagh, Willem Kuyken, Thorsten Barnhofer, and Anke Karl
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Adult ,Male ,confirmatory factor analysis ,050103 clinical psychology ,mindfulness ,Mindfulness ,Psychometrics ,Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire ,Article ,050105 experimental psychology ,Recurrence ,Outcome Assessment, Health Care ,Humans ,Single-Blind Method ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Psychological testing ,Aged ,FFMQ ,Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy ,Depressive Disorder, Major ,Psychological Tests ,05 social sciences ,Reproducibility of Results ,Middle Aged ,Confirmatory factor analysis ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Clinical Psychology ,configural invariance ,Facet (psychology) ,Convergent validity ,Female ,MBCT ,Self Report ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Psychology ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Research into the effectiveness and mechanisms of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) requires reliable and valid measures of mindfulness. The 39-item Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ-39) is a measure of mindfulness commonly used to assess change before and after MBIs. However, the stability and invariance of the FFMQ factor structure have not yet been tested before and after an MBI; pre to post comparisons may not be valid if the structure changes over this period. Our primary aim was to examine the factor structure of the FFMQ-39 before and after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) in adults with recurrent depression in remission using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Additionally, we examined whether the factor structure of the 15-item version (FFMQ-15) was consistent with that of the FFMQ-39, and whether it was stable over MBCT. Our secondary aim was to assess the general psychometric properties of both versions. CFAs showed that pre-MBCT, a 4-factor hierarchical model (excluding the “observing” facet) best fit the FFMQ-39 and FFMQ-15 data, whereas post-MBCT, a 5-factor hierarchical model best fit the data for both versions. Configural invariance across the time points was not supported for both versions. Internal consistency and sensitivity to change were adequate for both versions. Both FFMQ versions did not differ significantly from each other in terms of convergent validity. Researchers should consider excluding the Observing subscale from comparisons of total scale/subscale scores before and after mindfulness interventions. Current findings support the use of the FFMQ-15 as an alternative measure in research where briefer forms are needed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
- Published
- 2016
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45. An empirical examination of the factor structure of compassion
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Jenny Gu, Kate Cavanagh, Ruth Baer, and Clara Strauss
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Male ,Social Cognition ,Emotions ,Happiness ,lcsh:Medicine ,Social Sciences ,Surveys ,Mathematical and Statistical Techniques ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Psychology ,lcsh:Science ,Principal Component Analysis ,Fear ,Middle Aged ,Research Design ,Physical Sciences ,Female ,Health Services Research ,Factor Analysis ,Statistics (Mathematics) ,Research Article ,Adult ,Religious Faiths ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Social Psychology ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Young Adult ,Humans ,Buddhism ,Statistical Methods ,Expert Testimony ,Aged ,Behavior ,Survey Research ,lcsh:R ,Cognitive Psychology ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Health Care ,Altruistic Behavior ,Prosocial Behavior ,People and Places ,Multivariate Analysis ,Cognitive Science ,lcsh:Q ,Population Groupings ,Self Report ,Empathy ,Factor Analysis, Statistical ,Mathematics ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Compassion has long been regarded as a core part of our humanity by contemplative traditions, and in recent years, it has received growing research interest. Following a recent review of existing conceptualisations, compassion has been defined as consisting of the following five elements: 1) recognising suffering, 2) understanding the universality of suffering in human experience, 3) feeling moved by the person suffering and emotionally connecting with their distress, 4) tolerating uncomfortable feelings aroused (e.g., fear, distress) so that we remain open to and accepting of the person suffering, and 5) acting or being motivated to act to alleviate suffering. As a prerequisite to developing a high quality compassion measure and furthering research in this field, the current study empirically investigated the factor structure of the five-element definition using a combination of existing and newly generated self-report items. This study consisted of three stages: a systematic consultation with experts to review items from existing self-report measures of compassion and generate additional items (Stage 1), exploratory factor analysis of items gathered from Stage 1 to identify the underlying structure of compassion (Stage 2), and confirmatory factor analysis to validate the identified factor structure (Stage 3). Findings showed preliminary empirical support for a five-factor structure of compassion consistent with the five-element definition. However, findings indicated that the 'tolerating' factor may be problematic and not a core aspect of compassion. This possibility requires further empirical testing. Limitations with items from included measures lead us to recommend against using these items collectively to assess compassion. Instead, we call for the development of a new self-report measure of compassion, using the five-element definition to guide item generation. We recommend including newly generated 'tolerating' items in the initial item pool, to determine whether or not factor-level issues are resolved once item-level issues are addressed.
- Published
- 2016
46. The role of protein conformational fluctuations in allostery, function, and evolution
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Travis P. Schrank, Vincent J. Hilser, Jenny Gu, Steven T. Whitten, James O. Wrabl, and Tong Liu
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Models, Molecular ,Protein Conformation ,Chemistry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Organic Chemistry ,Allosteric regulation ,Biophysics ,Proteins ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Boltzmann distribution ,Protein evolution ,Evolution, Molecular ,Protein structure ,Protein stability ,Allosteric Regulation ,Structural biology ,Animals ,Humans ,Statistical physics ,Function (engineering) ,Conformational ensembles ,media_common - Abstract
It is now well-known that proteins exist at equilibrium as ensembles of conformational states rather than as unique static structures. Here we review from an ensemble perspective important biological effects of such spontaneous fluctuations on protein allostery, function, and evolution. However, rather than present a thorough literature review on each subject, we focus instead on connecting these phenomena through the ensemble-based experimental, theoretical, and computational investigations from our laboratory over the past decade. Special emphasis is given to insights that run counter to some of the prevailing ideas that have emerged over the past 40 years of structural biology research. For instance, when proteins are viewed as conformational ensembles rather than as single structures, the commonly held notion of an allosteric pathway as an obligate series of individual structural distortions loses its meaning. Instead, allostery can result from energetic linkage between distal sites as one Boltzmann distribution of states transitions to another. Additionally, the emerging principles from this ensemble view of proteins have proven surprisingly useful in describing the role of intrinsic disorder in inter-domain communication, functional adaptation mediated by mutational control of fluctuations, and evolutionary conservation of the energetics of protein stability.
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- 2011
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47. Distinct cellular and therapeutic effects of obatoclax in rituximab-sensitive and -resistant lymphomas
- Author
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Paul Hoskin, John F. Gibbs, Ping-Chiao Tsai, Elizabeth Brem, Cory Mavis, Scott H. Olejniczak, Myron S. Czuczman, Karen E. Thudium, Ryan Campagna, Arshad Iqbal, Sapna Khubchandani, George Deeb, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, Seema A. Bhat, Jenny Gu, Gerald J. Fetterly, Wasif Riaz, and Joy Knight
- Subjects
Programmed cell death ,biology ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Autophagy ,Hematology ,Immunotherapy ,medicine.disease ,Lymphoma ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,medicine ,Cancer research ,biology.protein ,Rituximab ,Bcl-2 Homologous Antagonist-Killer Protein ,Caspase ,medicine.drug ,Obatoclax - Abstract
Bcl-2 proteins represent a rheostat that controls cellular viability. Obatoclax, a BH3-mimetic, has been designed to specifically target and counteract anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins. We evaluated the biological effects of obatoclax on the anti-tumour activity of rituximab and chemotherapy agents. Obatoclax induced cell death of rituximab/chemotherapy-sensitive (RSCL), -resistant cell lines (RRCL) and primary tumour-cells derived from patients with B-cell lymphomas (N=39). Obatoclax also enhanced the activity of rituximab and had synergistic activity when combined with chemotherapy agents. The ability of Obatoclax to induce PARP cleavage varied between patient samples and was not observed in some RRCL. Inhibition of caspase activity did not affect obatoclax activity, suggesting the existence of caspase-independent death pathways. Autophagy was detected by LC3 conversion and/or electron microscopy in RRCL and in patient-derived tumour cells. Moreover, obatoclax activity was inhibited by Beclin-1 knockdown. In summary, obatoclax is an active Bcl-2 inhibitor that potentiates the activity of chemotherapy agents and, to a lesser degree, rituximab. Defining the molecular events triggered by obatoclax is necessary to further its clinical development and identify potential biomarkers that are predictive of response.
- Published
- 2011
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- View/download PDF
48. Comparison of emergency surgical cricothyroidotomy and percutaneous cricothyroidotomy by experienced airway providers in an obese, in vivo porcine hemorrhage airway model
- Author
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Tomas Karlsson, Andreas Brännström, Mikael Gellerfors, Jenny Gustavsson, and Mattias Günther
- Subjects
Emergency front-of-neck airway ,“Cannot intubate ,cannot oxygenate” (CICO) ,Surgical cricothyroidotomy ,Percutaneous cricothyroidotomy ,Porcine model ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Military Science - Abstract
Abstract Background Emergency front-of-neck airway (eFONA) is a life-saving procedure in “cannot intubate, cannot oxygenate” (CICO). The fastest and most reliable method of eFONA has not been determined. We compared two of the most advocated approaches: surgical cricothyroidotomy and percutaneous cricothyroidotomy, in an obese, in vivo porcine hemorrhage model, designed to introduce real-time physiological feedback, relevant and high provider stress. The primary aim was to determine the fastest method to secure airway. Secondary aims were arterial saturation and partial pressure of oxygen, proxy survival and influence of experience. Methods Twelve pigs, mean weight (standard deviation, SD) (60.3 ± 4.1) kg, were anesthetized and exposed to 25–35% total blood volume hemorrhage before extubation and randomization to Seldinger technique “percutaneous cricothyroidotomy” (n = 6) or scalpel-bougie-tube technique “surgical cricothyroidotomy” (n = 6). Specialists in anesthesia and intensive care in a tertiary referral hospital performed the eFONA, simulating an actual CICO-situation. Results In surgical cricothyroidotomy vs. percutaneous cricothyroidotomy, the median (interquartile range, IQR) times to secure airway were 109 (IQR 71–130) s and 298 (IQR 128–360) s (P = 0.0152), arterial blood saturation (SaO2) were 74.7 (IQR 46.6–84.2) % and 7.9 (IQR 4.1–15.6) % (P = 0.0167), pO2 were 7.0 (IQR 4.7–7.7) kPa and 2.0 (IQR 1.1–2.9) kPa (P = 0.0667), and times of cardiac arrest (proxy survival) were 137–233 s, 190 (IQR 143–229), from CICO. All six animals survived surgical cricothyroidotomy, and two of six (33%) animals survived percutaneous cricothyroidotomy. Years in anesthesia, 13.5 (IQR 7.5–21.3), did not influence time to secure airway. Conclusion eFONA by surgical cricothyroidotomy was faster and had increased oxygenation and survival, when performed under stress by board certified anesthesiologists, and may be an indication of preferred method in situations with hemorrhage and CICO, in obese patients.
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- 2022
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49. Pim-2 phosphorylation of p21Cip1/WAF1 enhances its stability and inhibits cell proliferation in HCT116 cells
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Yandong Zhang, Raymond Reeves, Nancy S. Magnuson, Juan Jenny Gu, Zeping Wang, and Christine M. Davitt
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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21 ,Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ,Endogeny ,Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Transgenes ,Cloning, Molecular ,Phosphorylation ,RNA, Small Interfering ,Cell Proliferation ,Cell Nucleus ,Gene knockdown ,Protein Stability ,Cell growth ,Kinase ,Cell Biology ,Cell cycle ,HCT116 Cells ,Molecular biology ,In vitro ,Cell biology ,Cell nucleus ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Colorectal Neoplasms - Abstract
Pim-2 kinase is one of the three highly conserved Pim family members which are known to be involved in cell survival and cell proliferation. Here we demonstrate that like Pim-1, Pim-2 also phosphorylates the cell cycle inhibitor p21Cip1/WAF1 (p21) on Thr145 in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of Pim-2 in HCT116 cells leads to the increased stability of p21 and results in enhanced levels of both exogenous and endogenous p21 proteins. Knockdown of Pim-2 expression via siRNA results in reduced level of endogenous p21, indicating that like Pim-1, Pim-2 is another legitimate p21 kinase. However, Pim-2 has no influence on the nuclear localization of p21 in HCT116 cells. In addition, Pim-2 is able to arrest the cell cycle at G1/S phase and inhibit cell proliferation through phosphorylation of p21 in HCT116 cells. These data suggest that Pim-2 phosphorylation of p21 enhances p21's stability and inhibits cell proliferation in HCT116 cells.
- Published
- 2010
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50. Targeted MCL-1 inhibition to induce cell death and synergize with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) pre-clinical models
- Author
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Pallawi Torka, Jenny Gu, Cory Mavis, Francisco J. Hernandez-Ilizaliturri, and Robert Ferdman
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Cancer Research ,Programmed cell death ,Venetoclax ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Oncology ,chemistry ,immune system diseases ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Cancer research ,medicine ,business ,neoplasms ,Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma - Abstract
e14540Background: Bcl-2 inhibition has been explored therapeutically in B-cell malignancies. Venetoclax’s activity, a novel Bcl-2 inhibitor, is limited in Mcl-1 over-expressing DLBCL. The MCL-1, an...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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