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442 results on '"Jennings, Sarah"'

1. Prospective manipulation of the gut microbiome with microbial ecosystem therapeutic 4 (MET4) in HPV-related locoregionally-advanced oropharyngeal cancer squamous cell carcinoma (LA-OPSCC) undergoing primary chemoradiation: ROMA2 study

Author

Oliva, Marc, Heirali, Alya, Watson, Geoffrey, Rooney, Ashley M., Cochrane, Kyla, Jennings, Sarah, Taylor, Rachel, Xu, Minge, Hosni, Ali, Hope, Andrew, Bratman, Scott V., Chepeha, Douglas, Weinreb, Ilan, Perez-Ordonez, Bayardo, Nin, Ricard Mesia, Waldron, John, Xu, Wei, Hansen, Aaron R., Siu, Lillian L., Coburn, Bryan, and Spreafico, Anna

Published
2024
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4. Feather chemicals contain information about the major histocompatibility complex in a highly scented seabird

Author

Jennings, Sarah L, Hoover, Brian A, Sin, Simon Yung Wa, and Ebeler, Susan E

Subjects
Genetics, Animals, Birds, Feathers, Female, Genotype, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Male, Pheromones, Smell, major histocompatibility complex, feathers, Leach's storm-petrel, chemical communication, mate choice, olfaction, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Mate choice informed by the immune genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) may provide fitness benefits including offspring with increased immunocompetence. Olfactory cues are considered the primary mechanism organisms use to evaluate the MHC of potential mates, yet this idea has received limited attention in birds. Motivated by a finding of MHC-dependent mate choice in the Leach's storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa), we examined whether the chemical profiles of this highly scented seabird contain information about MHC genes. Whereas previous studies in birds examined non-volatile compounds, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to measure the volatile compounds emitted from feathers that potentially serve as olfactory infochemicals about MHC and coupled this with locus-specific genotyping of MHC IIB genes. We found that feather chemicals reflected individual MHC diversity through interactions with sex and breeding status. Furthermore, similarity in MHC genotype was correlated with similarity in chemical profiles within female-female and male-female dyads. We provide the first evidence that volatile chemicals from bird feathers can encode information about the MHC. Our findings suggest that olfaction likely aids MHC-based mate choice in this species and highlight a role for chemicals in mediating genetic mate choice in birds where this mode of communication has been largely overlooked.

Published
2022

7. Ocean resource use: building the coastal blue economy

Author

Bax, Narissa, Novaglio, Camilla, Maxwell, Kimberley H., Meyers, Koen, McCann, Joy, Jennings, Sarah, Frusher, Stewart, Fulton, Elizabeth A., Nursey-Bray, Melissa, Fischer, Mibu, Anderson, Kelli, Layton, Cayne, Emad, Gholam Reza, Alexander, Karen A., Rousseau, Yannick, Lunn, Zau, and Carter, Chris G.

Published
2022
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8. Morphological and genetic factors shape the microbiome of a seabird species (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) more than environmental and social factors

Author

Pearce, Douglas S, Hoover, Brian A, Jennings, Sarah, Nevitt, Gabrielle A, and Docherty, Kathryn M

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Human Genome, Behavioral and Social Science, Genetics, Animals, Animals, Wild, Birds, Breeding, Canada, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, Microbiota, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Sex Factors, Skin, Social Environment, Leach's storm petrel, Skin microbiome, Brood patch, Uropygial gland, Leach’s storm petrel, Medical Microbiology, Evolutionary biology
Abstract

BACKGROUND:The microbiome provides multiple benefits to animal hosts that can profoundly impact health and behavior. Microbiomes are well-characterized in humans and other animals in controlled settings, yet assessments of wild bird microbial communities remain vastly understudied. This is particularly true for pelagic seabirds with unique life histories that differ from terrestrial bird species. This study was designed to examine how morphological, genetic, environmental, and social factors affect the microbiome of a burrow-nesting seabird species, Leach's storm petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa). These seabirds are highly olfactory and may rely on microbiome-mediated odor cues during mate selection. Composition and structure of bacterial communities associated with the uropygial gland and brood patch were assessed using 16S rRNA amplicon-based Illumina Mi-Seq analysis and compared to burrow-associated bacterial communities. This is the first study to examine microbial diversity associated with multiple body sites on a seabird species. RESULTS:Results indicate that sex and skin site contribute most to bacterial community variation in Leach's storm petrels and that major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotype may impact the composition of bacterial assemblages in males. In contrast to terrestrial birds and other animals, environmental and social interactions do not significantly influence storm petrel-associated bacterial assemblages. Thus, individual morphological and genetic influences outweighed environmental and social factors on microbiome composition. CONCLUSIONS:Contrary to observations of terrestrial birds, microbiomes of Leach's storm petrels vary most by the sex of the bird and by the body site sampled, rather than environmental surroundings or social behavior.

Published
2017

13. Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: Impacts on ecosystems and human well-being

Author

Pecl, Gretta T, Araújo, Miguel B, Bell, Johann D, Blanchard, Julia, Bonebrake, Timothy C, Chen, I-Ching, Clark, Timothy D, Colwell, Robert K, Danielsen, Finn, Evengård, Birgitta, Falconi, Lorena, Ferrier, Simon, Frusher, Stewart, Garcia, Raquel A, Griffis, Roger B, Hobday, Alistair J, Janion-Scheepers, Charlene, Jarzyna, Marta A, Jennings, Sarah, Lenoir, Jonathan, Linnetved, Hlif I, Martin, Victoria Y, McCormack, Phillipa C, McDonald, Jan, Mitchell, Nicola J, Mustonen, Tero, Pandolfi, John M, Pettorelli, Nathalie, Popova, Ekaterina, Robinson, Sharon A, Scheffers, Brett R, Shaw, Justine D, Sorte, Cascade JB, Strugnell, Jan M, Sunday, Jennifer M, Tuanmu, Mao-Ning, Vergés, Adriana, Villanueva, Cecilia, Wernberg, Thomas, Wapstra, Erik, and Williams, Stephen E

Subjects
Life on Land, Climate Action, Animals, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Food Supply, Health, Humans, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Distributions of Earth's species are changing at accelerating rates, increasingly driven by human-mediated climate change. Such changes are already altering the composition of ecological communities, but beyond conservation of natural systems, how and why does this matter? We review evidence that climate-driven species redistribution at regional to global scales affects ecosystem functioning, human well-being, and the dynamics of climate change itself. Production of natural resources required for food security, patterns of disease transmission, and processes of carbon sequestration are all altered by changes in species distribution. Consideration of these effects of biodiversity redistribution is critical yet lacking in most mitigation and adaptation strategies, including the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals.

Published
2017

14. Selinexor for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic salivary gland tumors: Results from the GEMS‐001 clinical trial

Author

Hernando‐Calvo, Alberto, primary, Malone, Eoghan, additional, Day, Daphne, additional, Prawira, Amy, additional, Weinreb, Ilan, additional, Yang, S. Y. Cindy, additional, Wong, Horace, additional, Rodriguez, Angela, additional, Jennings, Sarah, additional, Eliason, Anneli, additional, Wang, Lisa, additional, Spreafico, Anna, additional, Siu, Lillian L., additional, and Hansen, Aaron R., additional

Published
2023
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20. The Role of Chemical Information in the Breeding Biology of the Leach's storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa)

Author

Jennings, Sarah Lucy Esther

Subjects
Ecology, Aroma chemistry, Breeding biology, Chemical communication, Mate choice, Olfaction, Seabird
Abstract

Chemical communication has been understudied in vertebrates, but no group has been more overlooked than birds, where scent guided behaviors are cryptic, and until recently, olfaction was considered unimportant. It is now well established that birds have a functional sense of smell, yet due to the relative infancy of this field, there is still little known about how chemicals inform the social lives of birds. The overarching objectives of this dissertation were two-fold. First, to increase our understanding of how chemical information aids avian breeding behavior; and second, to develop improved analytical methods for identifying and measuring bird-produced odors, with a focus on the volatile chemicals that may function in communication.With these two objectives in mind, I completed three projects to investigate how chemicals facilitate the reproductive lives of the Leach’s storm-petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa). This long-lived, monogamous seabird species is an ideal system for studying avian chemical communication. Leach’s storm-petrels perform their reproductive behaviors under the cover of darkness, but lack good vision in low light conditions, indicating a reliance on non-visual communication. Moreover, they have a large olfactory anatomy, an excellent sense of smell, and a pungent plumage odor.In the first chapter of this dissertation, I used gas-chromatography mass spectrometry to examine the social information present in the strong odor of Leach’s storm-petrels. I discovered that despite interannual variation, the feather chemicals reflected individual identity, which may help storm-petrels maintain their long-term mate bonds.In vertebrates, the immune genes of the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) influence mate choice decisions and enable individual recognition. Moreover, MHC shapes body odor and organisms may use olfaction to evaluate the MHC genotype of conspecifics. In the second chapter of this dissertation, I tested the hypothesis that the plumage chemicals of Leach’s storm-petrels contain information about MHC. This study was motivated by a recent finding that male Leach’s storm-petrels make MHC-based mate choice decisions to select high quality females. I found that feather odors reflected two aspects of MHC genotype: similarity and diversity. These findings were particularly strong for females, which implicates olfaction as a likely mechanism enabling MHC-informed mate choice by males. Making trips to and from their nest is an important behavior that all birds must accomplish to ensure reproductive success. In the final chapter of this dissertation, I investigated how chemicals inform olfactory homing in Leach’s storm-petrels. I analyzed the odors associated with the colony floor, storm-petrel nests, and their avian occupants. I identified gradients of environmental chemicals across the colony, which may aid homing in storm-petrels. Furthermore, I discovered that storm-petrel chemicals are deposited inside the nest, creating unique nest odors that reflect the specific storm-petrel occupants. This is the first evidence of bird nests being scented by the owner’s body odor, which likely facilitates olfactory nest recognition in this species.In summary, the integrative research presented in this dissertation connects the fields of animal behavior, analytical chemistry, and molecular biology to highlight chemicals as an important source of information for breeding birds.

Published
2021

22. The dialectic of conscience within Hegel's philosophy of right

Author

Jennings, Sarah

Subjects
100, B Philosophy (General), BJ Ethics
Abstract

This thesis provides a detailed analysis of the dialectic of conscience within Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. It aims to show that Hegel provides a fundamental role for conscience within the state and, thus, that Hegel preserves the right to subjective freedom within ethical life. In doing so, it aims to unite divided opinion on the role of conscience within Hegel’s political philosophy and to further disarm the charge that Hegel’s state advocates repressive or authoritarian political structures. In order to pursue this argument, this thesis first examines the emergence of conscience within the morality section of the text. It presents the moral conscience as the fruition of subjective freedom; as possessing the right to produce its own convictions and determine for itself what is good. However, it then continues to highlight the necessarily formal nature of the moral conscience and claims that, because of this formality, the content of conscience is always contingent. As such, the moral conscience is always in danger of willing evil; and it is precisely this danger that necessitates the move into ethics. The moral conscience is sublated by the true, ethical conscience. This thesis presents its own reading of the Aufhebung from the moral conscience to the true conscience of ethical life, which it believes properly reflects the dialectical progression of freedom within the text. It argues that, during the process of Aufhebung, the essential moments of moral conscience are retained and only the negative aspects are lost. In particular, it claims that conscience’s right to produce its own convictions (and, thus, the right to subjective freedom) is preserved within ethical life, but that the contingency of conscience is not. As such, true conscience (unlike the moral conscience) wills the good both in and for itself. This does not mean that true conscience cannot make mistakes. But it does entail that true conscience cannot put its own convictions beyond criticism. For this reason, this thesis also maintains that the formal conscience of morality, in its non-aufgehoben form, has no place within the ethical realm. This thesis locates true conscience’s function in the disparity between the actual and the existing state. It argues that, in recognising the rational principles inherent in society and by transforming the existing world to conform more faithfully to these principles, true conscience plays an essential role in keeping the state in line with its own, rational essence. However, it also maintains that this type of immanent critique extends only to reform, and not to not radical, social criticism. The thesis concludes by describing true conscience’s role in the legislative power.

Published
2010

26. Pharmacist Integration into the Hemophilia Treatment Centre: A Canadian Pilot Project to Optimize Treatment and Improve Cost-savings

Author

Cameron, Jameason, primary, Varughese, Nisha, additional, Grenier, Sylvain, additional, Roux, Damien, additional, Klaassen, Robert, additional, Wong, Alex, additional, Jones, Caitlin, additional, Jennings, Sarah, additional, Patel, Utsav, additional, Sidhu, Simmi, additional, and Vaillancourt, Regis, additional

Published
2023
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35. The Imported Pottery from Fast Castle, Near Dunbar, Scotland

Author

Haggarty, George R and Jennings, Sarah

Abstract

Medieval Ceramics: Journal of the Medieval Ceramics Research Group, 16, 45-54, Fast Castle is situated on the coast 17 km (12 miles) east of Dunbar. During the late 15th and early 16th centuries the castle was used as the principal residence of Sir Patrick Home, the 4th son of Sir Alexander Home who headed a family of great power and prestige, for whom a Lordship was created in 1473. The castle was sufficiently important for Margaret Tudor to stay there in 1503, on her way north for her marriage to James IV. The excavation of a large pit, or quarry, in the courtyard of the Castle yielded a significant group of imported pottery and a range of locally produced wares. The wide range of 15th- and 16th-century imported pottery is very unusual in a Scottish context; with the independent dating evidence deriving from coins and documents, this is an exceptional assemblage for this area. This report deals primarily with the imports from the castle: vessels from Germany, the Low Countries, France, Italy and the Iberian Peninsula. The detailed examination of the local wares will form the basis of a future report

Published
2023
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39. PCNT point mutations and familial intracranial aneurysms

Author

Lorenzo-Betancor, Oswaldo, Blackburn, Patrick R., Edwards, Emily, Vázquez-do-Campo, Rocío, Klee, Eric W., Labbé, Catherine, Hodges, Kyndall, Glover, Patrick, Sigafoos, Ashley N., Soto, Alexandra I., Walton, Ronald L., Doxsey, Stephen, Bober, Michael B., Jennings, Sarah, Clark, Karl J., Asmann, Yan, Miller, David, Freeman, William D., Meschia, James, and Ross, Owen A.

Published
2018
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43. Selinexor for the treatment of recurrent or metastatic salivary gland tumors: results from the GEMS-001 clinical trial.

Author

Hernando-Calvo, Alberto, primary, Malone, Eoghan, additional, Day, Daphne, additional, Prawira, Amy, additional, Weinreb, Ilan, additional, Wong, Horace, additional, Rodriguez, Angela, additional, Jennings, Sarah, additional, Eliason, Anneli, additional, Wang, Lisa, additional, Spreafico, Anna, additional, Siu, Lillian L., additional, and Hansen, Aaron, additional

Published
2022
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44. Social Identities, Marginalization and Adjustment in College: A Narrative Approach

Author

Lilgendahl, Jennifer, Navas, Gabriel, Dalsimer, ShelDan, Jennings, Sarah, and Radin, Josh

Subjects
Master Narratives, Social Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Identity Marginalization, College Adjustment, Social Identities, Social and Behavioral Sciences, FOS: Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Personality and Social Contexts, Psychology, Mixed-Methods, Narrative Identity, Micgraggressions
Abstract

This study is an online survey study that is mixed-methods and partly exploratory. The purpose of the study is to examine how the level of marginalization students experience as a result of their social identities at a predominately white liberal arts college relates to their level of academic and social adjustment and mental health. Additionally, we will examine now narrative identity processes examined within the context of narratives about a) deviations from the college student master narrative, b) the transition to college, and c) micro aggressions (victim, perpetrator, or witness) relate to identity marginalization and adjustment, and potentially mediate and moderate these relations.

Published
2022
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47. Adoptive Gay Father Families: Parent-Child Relationships and Children's Psychological Adjustment

Author

Golombok, Susan, Mellish, Laura, Jennings, Sarah, Casey, Polly, Tasker, Fiona, and Lamb, Michael E.

Abstract

Findings are presented on a U.K. study of 41 gay father families, 40 lesbian mother families, and 49 heterosexual parent families with an adopted child aged 3-9 years. Standardized interview and observational and questionnaire measures of parental well-being, quality of parent-child relationships, child adjustment, and child sex-typed behavior were administered to parents, children, and teachers. The findings indicated more positive parental well-being and parenting in gay father families compared to heterosexual parent families. Child externalizing problems were greater among children in heterosexual families. Family process variables, particularly parenting stress, rather than family type were found to be predictive of child externalizing problems. The findings contribute to theoretical understanding of the role of parental gender and parental sexual orientation in child development.

Published
2014
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