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3. Contributors

Author

Mark J. Abzug, Elisabeth E. Adderson, Aastha Agarwal, Allison L. Agwu, Lindsey Albenberg, Jonathan Albert, Kevin Alby, Grace M. Aldrovandi, Upton D. Allen, Gerardo Alvarez-Hernndez, Krow Ampofo, Evan J. Anderson, Grace D. Appiah, Monica I. Ardura, Stephen S. Arnon, Naomi E. Aronson, Ann M. Arvin, Shai Ashkenazi, Liat Ashkenazi-Hoffnung, Edwin J. Asturias, Kestutis Aukstuolis, Vahe Badalyan, Carol J. Baker, Karthik Balakrishnan, Elizabeth D. Barnett, Kirsten Bechtel, William E. Benitz, Rachel Berkovich, David M. Berman, Stephanie R. Bialek, Else M. Bijker, Matthew J. Bizzarro, Karen C. Bloch, Joseph A. Bocchini, Thomas G. Boyce, John S. Bradley, Denise F. Bratcher, Paula K. Braverman, Itzhak Brook, Kevin Edward Brown, Kristina P. Bryant, Andres F. Camacho-Gonzalez, Connie F. Caete-Gibas, Joseph B. Cantey, Paul Cantey, Cristina V. Cardemil, Mary T. Caserta, Luis A. Castagnini, Jessica R. Cataldi, Ellen Gould Chadwick, Rebecca J. Chancey, Cara C. Cherry, Silvia S. Chiang, Mary Choi, John C. Christenson, Susan E. Coffin, Amanda Cohn, Despina G. Contopoulos-Ioannidis, James H. Conway, Margaret M. Cortese, C. Buddy Creech, Jonathan D. Crews, Donna Curtis, Nigel Curtis, Lara A. Danziger-Isakov, Toni Darville, Gregory A. Dasch, Irini Daskalaki, H. Dele Davies, Fatimah S. Dawood, J. Christopher Day, M. Teresa de la Morena, Gregory P. DeMuri, Dickson D. Despommier, Daniel S. Dodson, Stephen J. Dolgner, Clinton Dunn, Jonathan Dyal, Kathryn M. Edwards, Morven S. Edwards, Dawn Z. Eichenfield, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Dirk M. Elston, Beth Emerson, Leslie A. Enane, Moshe Ephros, Guliz Erdem, Marina E. Eremeeva, Douglas H. Esposito, Monica M. Farley, Anat R. Feingold, Kristina N. Feja, Adam Finn, Marc Fischer, Brian T. Fisher, Randall G. Fisher, Patricia Michele Flynn, Monique A. Foster, LeAnne M. Fox, Michael M. Frank, Douglas R. Fredrick, Robert W. Frenck, James Gaensbauer, Hayley A. Gans, Gregory M. Gauthier, Patrick Gavigan, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Yael Gernez, Francis Gigliotti, Mark A. Gilger, Carol A. Glaser, Jane M. Gould, James Graziano, Amanda M. Green, Michael Green, Daniel Griffin, Patricia M. Griffin, David C. Griffith, Piyush Gupta, Bruce J. Gutelius, Julie R. Gutman, Aron J. Hall, Rana F. Hamdy, Jin-Young Han, Lori K. Handy, Benjamin Hanisch, Marvin B. Harper, Aaron M. Harris, Christopher J. Harrison, David B. Haslam, Julia C. Haston, Sarah.J. Hawkes, Taylor Heald-Sargent, J. Owen Hendley, Adam L. Hersh, Joseph A. Hilinski, Susan L. Hills, David K. Hong, Peter J. Hotez, Katherine K. Hsu, Felicia Scaggs Huang, David A. Hunstad, W. Garrett Hunt, Loris Y. Hwang, Christelle M. Ilboudo, Preeti Jaggi, Sophonie Jean, Ravi Jhaveri, Kateina Jirk-Pomajbkov, Nadia A. Kadry, Mary L. Kamb, Ronak K. Kapadia, Ben Z. Katz, Sophie E. Katz, Ishminder Kaur, Gilbert J. Kersh, Muhammad Ali Khan, Ananta Khurana, David W. Kimberlin, Bruce Klein, Miwako Kobayashi, Larry K. Kociolek, Andrew Y. Koh, Karen L. Kotloff, Andrew T. Kroger, Matthew P. Kronman, Leah Lalor, Christine T. Lauren, Amy Leber, Eyal Leshem, David B. Lewis, Robyn A. Livingston, Eloisa Llata, Kevin Lloyd, Katrina Loh, Sarah S. Long, Benjamin A. Lopman, Yalda C. Lucero, Debra J. Lugo, Jorge Lujn-Zilbermann, Yvonne A. Maldonado, John J. Manaloor, Kalpana Manthiram, Stacey W. Martin, Roshni Mathew, Tony Mazzulli, Elizabeth J. McFarland, Kathleen A. McGann, Lucy A. McNamara, Debrah Meislich, H. Cody Meissner, Asuncion Mejias, Jussi Mertsola, Kevin Messacar, Mohammad Nael Mhaissen, Marian G. Michaels, Melissa B. Miller, Hilary Miller-Handley, Eric Mintz, Parvathi Mohan, Susan P. Montgomery, Jose G. Montoya, Anne C. Moorman, Pedro L. Moro, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, William J. Muller, Angela L. Myers, Simon Nadel, Jennifer Lynn Nayak, Michael Noel Neely, Karen P. Neil, Christina A. Nelson, Noele P. Nelson, Megin Nichols, William Nicholson, Amy Jo Nopper, Laura E. Norton, Theresa J. Ochoa, Liset Olarte, Timothy R. Onarecker, Walter A. Orenstein, Miguel ORyan, William R. Otto, Christopher P. Ouellette, Christopher D. Paddock, Debra L. Palazzi, Suresh Kumar Panuganti, Diane E. Pappas, Michal Paret, Daniel M. Pastula, Thomas F. Patterson, Brett W. Petersen, Mikael Petrosyan, Larry K. Pickering, Talia Pindyck, Swetha Pinninti, Laure F. Pittet, Paul J. Planet, Andrew J. Pollard, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Casper S. Poulsen, Susan M. Poutanen, Ann M. Powers, Nina Salinger Prasanphanich, Bobbi S. Pritt, Charles G. Prober, Neha Puar, Laura A.S. Quilter, Octavio Ramilo, Suchitra Rao, Adam J. Ratner, Sarah A. Rawstron, Jennifer S. Read, Ryan F. Relich, Megan E. Reller, Candice L. Robinson, Jos R. Romero, David A. Rosen, Shannon A. Ross, G. Ingrid J.G. Rours, Peter C. Rowe, Anne H. Rowley, Lorry G. Rubin, Edward T. Ryan, Alexandra Sacharok, Thomas J. Sandora, Sarah G.H. Sapp, Kabir Sardana, Jason B. Sauberan, Joshua K. Schaffzin, Sarah Schillie, Jennifer E. Schuster, Kevin L. Schwartz, Bethany K. Sederdahl, Jose Serpa-Alvarez, Kara N. Shah, Samir S. Shah, Nader Shaikh, Andi L. Shane, Eugene D. Shapiro, Jana Shaw, Avinash K. Shetty, Timothy R. Shope, Linda M. Dairiki Shortliffe, Stanford T. Shulman, Gail F. Shust, George Kelly Siberry, Jane D. Siegel, Robert David Siegel, Kari A. Simonsen, Upinder Singh, Christiana Smith, Lauren L. Smith, Eunkyung Song, Emily Souder, Paul Spearman, Joseph W. St. Geme, Mary Allen Staat, J. Erin Staples, Jeffrey R. Starke, Victoria A. Statler, William J. Steinbach, Christen Rune Stensvold, Erin K. Stokes, Bradley P. Stoner, Gregory A. Storch, Anne Straily, Kathleen E. Sullivan, Douglas S. Swanson, Robert R. Tanz, Gillian Taormina, Jacqueline E. Tate, Jeanette Taveras, Marc Tebruegge, Eyasu H. Teshale, George R. Thompson, Robert Thompson-Stone, Isaac Thomsen, Richard B. Thomson, Emily A. Thorell, Vivian Tien, Nicole H. Tobin, Philip Toltzis, James Treat, Stephanie B. Troy, Russell B. Van Dvke, Louise Elaine Vaz, Vini Vijayan, Jennifer Vodzak, Thor A. Wagner, Ellen R. Wald, Rebecca Wallihan, Huanyu Wang, Zoon Wangu, Matthew Washam, Valerie Waters, Joshua R. Watson, Jill E. Weatherhead, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Mark K. Weng, Nathan P. Wiederhold, Harold C. Wiesenfeld, Cydni Williams, John V. Williams, Rodney E. Willoughby, Robert R. Wittler, James B. Wood, Charles Reece Woods, Kimberly A. Workowski, Terry W. Wright, Hsi-Yang Wu, Huan Xu, Pablo Yagupsky, Jumi Yi, Jonathan Yoder, Edward J. Young, Andrea L. Zaenglein, Petra Zimmermann, and Wenjing Zong

Published
2023
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7. Overwhelming Infections in Pediatric Critical Care

Author

Swathi M. Gowtham, Raghuveer Puttagunta, and Jennifer Vodzak

Subjects
Pediatric intensive care unit, medicine.medical_specialty, Tuberculosis, business.industry, Toxic shock syndrome, Pediatric critical care medicine, medicine.disease, Sepsis, Pneumonia, Hemorrhagic Fevers, Severity of illness, medicine, book.journal, Intensive care medicine, business, book
Abstract

Critically ill children with infection require the timely institution of the appropriate antimicrobial medications based on the most likely pathogens. Sepsis is a relatively common and potentially life-threatening bloodstream infection. Recognizing its early clinical manifestations, understanding its epidemiology, and instituting the appropriate antimicrobials in a timely manner hold the potential to improve outcomes. Toxic shock syndrome, endocarditis, and Lemierre syndrome represent other infections that may compromise hemodynamics and result in critical illness. Children with necrotizing fasciitis often present critically ill and require emergent surgical debridement. Central nervous infections including bacterial meningitis, encephalitis, and ventricular shunt infections are also commonly encountered in the pediatric intensive care unit and may be associated with a significant risk of death and substantial morbidity. Pneumonia and other pulmonary infections may be caused by a variety of pathogens. Empyema is an established complication of infectious pneumonia that often requires urgent evaluation and drainage in children with worsening respiratory and/or cardiovascular status. Although the specific pathogen and the site of infection (e.g., bloodstream, brain, lungs) clearly influence the severity of illness, the ability of the host to respond to an infection is also important. For example, immunocompromised children including those with malignancy and recipients of organ and hematopoietic cell transplants are not only at increased risk for infection but also for worse outcomes. Finally, there are a few relatively less common and travel-related infections such as rickettsial disease, viral hemorrhagic fevers, malaria, and tuberculosis that are relevant to the practice of pediatric critical care medicine.

Published
2021
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8. Interoperability and Information-Blocking Rules

Author

Shikha Sinha, Jennifer Vodzak, and Raghuveer Puttagunta

Subjects
Health Information Interoperability, business.industry, Blocking (radio), Health Personnel, Interoperability, medicine.disease, Pediatrics, Access to Information, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Electronic Health Records, Humans, Medical emergency, Proxy (statistics), business, Adolescent health
Published
2021
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9. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Molecular Detection of Pertactin-producing and Pertactin-Deficient Bordetella pertussis

Author

Sarah S. Long, Alan T. Evangelista, Jennifer Vodzak, and Emily Souder

Subjects
DNA, Bacterial, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Bordetella pertussis, Whooping Cough, medicine.drug_class, 030106 microbiology, Antibiotics, Antimicrobial susceptibility, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug resistance, complex mixtures, Bacterial genetics, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Humans, Medicine, Virulence Factors, Bordetella, biology, business.industry, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, Anti-Bacterial Agents, respiratory tract diseases, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Nucleic acid, Pertactin, business, DNA, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Abstract

Resurgence of Bordetella pertussis in recent years in the United States has coincided with a dramatic rise in pertactin-deficient strains. Limited data exist on detectability by nucleic acid amplification testing and antimicrobial susceptibility of pertactin-deficient B. pertussis. This study compares 15 pertactin-producing and 15 pertactin-deficient B. pertussis isolates. Pertactin-producing and pertactin-deficient strains were equally detected by nucleic acid amplification testing and were susceptible to antibiotics.

Published
2017
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10. Fusobacterium Species

Author

Jennifer Vodzak and Neil Rellosa

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, Fusobacterium species, business, Microbiology
Published
2018
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11. Contributors

Author

Mark J. Abzug, Elisabeth E. Adderson, Allison L. Agwu, Kevin Alby, Grace M. Aldrovandi, Upton D. Allen, Gerardo Alvarez-Hernández, Krow Ampofo, Evan J. Anderson, Margot Anderson, Stella Antonara, Monica I. Ardura, Paul M. Arguin, John C. Arnold, Naomi E. Aronson, Ann M. Arvin, Shai Ashkenazi, Edwin J. Asturias, Vahe Badalyan, Carol J. Baker, Karthik Balakrishnan, Brittany S. Barros, William J. Barson, Daniel G. Bausch, Kirsten Bechtel, Daniel K. Benjamin, David M. Berman, David A. Blanco, Karen C. Bloch, Margaret J. Blythe, Joseph A. Bocchini, Anna Bowen, William R. Bowie, Thomas G. Boyce, John S. Bradley, Michael T. Brady, Denise F. Bratcher, Paula K. Braverman, Joseph Bresee, Itzhak Brook, Kevin E. Brown, Kristina Bryant, E. Stephen Buescher, Jane L. Burns, Carrie L. Byington, Andres F. Camacho-Gonzalez, Paul Cantey, Bryan D. Carter, Mary T. Caserta, Luis A. Castagnini, Chiara Cerini, Ellen Gould Chadwick, Silvia S. Chiang, John C. Christenson, Susan E. Coffin, Melissa G. Collier, Jennifer P. Collins, Laurie S. Conklin, Beverly L. Connelly, Despina Contopoulos-Ioannidis, James H. Conway, Margaret M. Cortese, Elaine G. Cox, C. Buddy Creech, Jonathan D. Crews, Dennis J. Cunningham, Nigel Curtis, Natalie J.M. Dailey, Lara A. Danziger-Isakov, Toni Darville, Gregory A. Dasch, Irini Daskalaki, Robert S. Daum, Michael Davenport, H. Dele Davies, Fatimah S. Dawood, J. Christopher Day, Maite de la Morena, Gail J. Demmler-Harrison, Gregory P. DeMuri, Dickson D. Despommier, Karen A. Diefenbach, Kathryn M. Edwards, Morven S. Edwards, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Dirk M. Elston, Beth Emerson, Moshe Ephros, Guliz Erdem, Marina E. Eremeeva, Jessica E. Ericson, Douglas H. Esposito, Monica M. Farley, Anat R. Feingold, Kristina N. Feja, Adam Finn, Marc Fischer, Patricia M. Flynn, LeAnne M. Fox, Michael M. Frank, Douglas R. Fredrick, Robert W. Frenck, Sheila Fallon Friedlander, Hayley A. Gans, Gregory M. Gauthier, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Francis Gigliotti, Mark A. Gilger, Carol A. Glaser, Amanda F. Goddard, Benjamin D. Gold, Jane M. Gould, Michael Green, David Greenberg, Tanya Greywal, Daniel Griffin, Patricia M. Griffin, Alexei A. Grom, Kathleen Gutierrez, Julie Gutman, Judith A. Guzman-Cottrill, Aron J. Hall, Jin-Young Han, Marvin B. Harper, Julie R. Harris, Christopher J. Harrison, David B. Haslam, Sarah J. Hawkes, J. Owen Hendley, Marion C.W. Henry, Joseph A. Hilinski, Susan L. Hills, Scott D. Holmberg, Deborah Holtzman, David K. Hong, Peter J. Hotez, Katherine K. Hsu, David A. Hunstad, Loris Y. Hwang, Mary Anne Jackson, Richard F. Jacobs, Ravi Jhaveri, Kateřina Jirků-Pomajbíková, Jeffrey L. Jones, Mahima Karki, M. Gary Karlowicz, Ben Z. Katz, Ishminder Kaur, Gilbert J. Kersh, Jay S. Keystone, Muhammad Ali Khan, David W. Kimberlin, Martin B. Kleiman, Bruce S. Klein, Karl Klontz, Barbara Knust, Andrew Y. Koh, E. Kent Korgenski, Paul Krogstad, Preeta Krishnan Kutty, Christine T. Lauren, Hillary S. Lawrence, Amy Leber, Grace M. Lee, Eugene Leibovitz, Eyal Leshem, Stéphanie Levasseur, David B. Lewis, Robyn A. Livingston, Eloisa Llata, Sarah S. Long, Ben A. Lopman, Yalda C. Lucero, Jorge Luján-Zilbermann, Katherine Luzuriaga, Noni E. MacDonald, Yvonne A. Maldonado, John Manaloor, Chitra S. Mani, Kalpana Manthiram, Gary S. Marshall, Stacey W. Martin, Almea Matanock, Catalina Matiz, Alison C. Mawle, Tony Mazzulli, Kathleen A. McGann, Kenneth McIntosh, Lucy A. McNamara, Michal Meir, Debrah Meislich, H. Cody Meissner, Elissa Meites, Asunción Mejías, Jussi Mertsola, Kevin Messacar, Mohammed Nael Mhaissen, Marian G. Michaels, Melissa B. Miller, Eric D. Mintz, John F. Modlin, Parvathi Mohan, Susan P. Montgomery, José G. Montoya, Pedro L. Moro, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, R. Lawrence Moss, Angela L. Myers, Simon Nadel, Michael N. Neely, Karen P. Neil, Joanna Nelson, Noele P. Nelson, William L. Nicholson, Victor Nizet, Amy Jo Nopper, Theresa J. Ochoa, Walter A. Orenstein, Miguel O'Ryan, Christopher D. Paddock, Harpreet Pall, Suresh Kumar Panuganti, Diane E. Pappas, Robert F. Pass, Thomas F. Patterson, Monica E. Patton, Stephen I. Pelton, Brett W. Petersen, Larry K. Pickering, Swetha Pinninti, Paul J. Planet, Andrew J. Pollard, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Casper S. Poulsen, Susan M. Poutanen, Ann M. Powers, Charles G. Prober, Octavio Ramilo, Shawn J. Rangel, Suchitra Rao, Sarah A. Rawstron, Jennifer S. Read, Michael D. Reed, Ryan F. Relich, Megan E. Reller, Neil Rellosa, Katherine A. Rempe, Melissa A. Reyes, Samuel E. Rice-Townsend, Frank O. Richards, José R. Romero, David A. Rosen, Christina A. Rostad, G. Ingrid J.G. Rours, Janell A. Routh, Anne H. Rowley, Lorry G. Rubin, Edward T. Ryan, Lisa Saiman, Julia S. Sammons, Laura Sass, Jason B. Sauberan, Sarah Schillie, Grant S. Schulert, Jennifer E. Schuster, Kevin L. Schwartz, Bethany K. Sederdahl, Jose A. Serpa, Kara N. Shah, Samir S. Shah, Andi L. Shane, Eugene D. Shapiro, Jana Shaw, Avinash K. Shetty, Linda M. Dairiki, George Kelly Siberry, Jane D. Siegel, Robert David Siegel, Kari A. Simonsen, Nalini Singh, Upinder Singh, P. Brian Smith, John D. Snyder, Eunkyung Song, Jennifer L. Sorrell, Emily Souder, Joseph W. St. Geme, Mary Allen Staat, J. Erin Staples, Jeffrey R. Starke, William J. Steinbach, Christen R. Stensvold, Bradley P. Stoner, Raymond A. Strikas, Jonathan B. Strober, Paul K. Sue, Deanna A. Sutton, Douglas Swanson, Jacqueline E. Tate, Marc Tebruegge, Eyasu H. Teshale, Amelia B. Thompson, George R. Thompson, Robert Thompson-Stone, Richard B. Thomson, Emily A. Thorell, Nicole H. Tobin, Philip Toltzis, James Treat, Stephanie B. Troy, Russell B. Van, Louise Elaine Vaz, Jennifer Vodzak, Ellen R. Wald, Rebecca Wallihan, Zoon Wangu, Matthew Washam, Joshua R. Watson, Rachel L. Wattier, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, A. Clinton White, Harold C. Wiesenfeld, John V. Williams, Rodney E. Willoughby, Sarah L. Wingerter, Robert R. Wittler, Karen K. Wong, Kimberly A. Workowski, Terry W. Wright, Pablo Yagupsky, Catherine Yen, Jumi Yi, Jonathan S. Yoder, Edward J. Young, Andrea L. Zaenglein, and Kanecia Zimmerman

Published
2018
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13. A 12-Year-Old African American Girl With Subacute Bilateral Ophthalmoplegia

Author

Agustin Legido, Yasmine Bahora, Amir Bar, Manisha Sinha, Thair Abed, Jennifer Vodzak, Meghan Berkenstock, Jacqueline Urbine, and Hamalatha Guruprasad

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Encephalomyelitis, Neuritis, Diagnosis, Differential, Lesion, medicine, Humans, Child, Paresis, Ophthalmoplegia, Neuromyelitis optica, Clinically isolated syndrome, business.industry, Encephalomyelitis, Acute Disseminated, Cranial nerves, Brain, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, eye diseases, Surgery, Black or African American, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business, Exotropia
Abstract

A twelve-year-old African-American female presented with two week history of progressively worsening headache and fatigue, and vision difficulties for the past week. The physical examination was normal. The neurological evaluation was normal, except for cranial nerves (CN) testing, which showed bilateral restriction of adduction (CN III) and up gaze (CN IV) motions, vertical nystagmus, and left side facial paresis of central origin (CN VII). The bilateral exotropia and ophthalmoplegia are characteristics of WEBINO (Wall-Eyed Bilateral Intranuclear Ophthalmoplegia) syndrome, associated to a brain stem structural lesion. The following causes were evaluated and ruled out: tumor, infection, ischemic stroke, non-infectious inflammation. Pediatric Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes were then considered. Neuromyelitis Optica was ruled out in the absence of neuritis and normal spinal cord MRI. The differential diagnosis between Clinically Isolated Syndrome and Acute Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis, causing an isolated brain stem syndrome, is discussed.

Published
2014
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16. Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Young Infants During 2 Decades of Empiric Acyclovir Therapy

Author

Jennifer Vodzak, Irini Daskalaki, Sarah S. Long, Jane M. Gould, and Tamara E. Pool

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), Herpes simplex virus infection, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Virus Cultivation, viruses, Acyclovir, Antiviral Agents, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Young infants, Institutional strategy, Meningoencephalitis, medicine, Humans, Simplexvirus, Aciclovir, Stomatitis, Cerebrospinal Fluid, business.industry, Acyclic nucleoside, Infant, Newborn, Mouth Mucosa, Infant, Herpes Simplex, medicine.disease, Stomatitis, Herpetic, Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, Female, Viral disease, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

To describe the clinical presentation of HSV-infected young infants and to seek distinctive features that could permit a targeted approach to empiric use of acyclovir.Case study of neonatal HSV during a 22-year period of an institutional strategy of consistent use of acyclovir empirically in all infants with onset of an illness at ≤ 21 days of age for which antibiotics were given empirically. Multiple sources were used to optimize HSV case data, and to estimate the rate of HSV infection in empirically treated infants.A total of 32 infants with perinatally acquired HSV infection were identified. All received acyclovir empirically at admission. At presentation, 50% of infants had only nonspecific complaints, which was fever in 75%. After testing, 75% of infants with HSV had central nervous system (CNS) infection, including 40% who presented with mucocutaneous lesions, 83% with seizures, and 94% with nonspecific complaints. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polymerase chain reaction confirmed CNS infection in 16 of 22 (73%) patients tested. Cultures of mucocutaneous lesion yielded HSV in 8 of 10 cases, but culture of CSF was negative in all 26 cases tested, and screening cultures of unaffected mucosal sites were the only HSV-confirmatory test in a single patient. Laboratory and CSF findings were not distinctive in patients with HSV. Age of ≤ 21 days at onset of symptoms captured 90% of all infants with HSV and 94% of those with nonspecific complaints. An estimated 1.3% of empirically treated patients had HSV infection.Early manifestations of perinatally acquired HSV are frequently nonspecific, yet CNS infection is common. Empiric acyclovir strategy narrowly restricted to infants with onset of illness at ≤ 21 days of age, who would receive antibiotics empirically, captured 90% of HSV cases and anticipated a rate of HSV CNS infection similar to that of bacterial meningitis.

Published
2011
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18. Public Health Department Contact Investigation and Directly Observed Prophylactic Therapy Enhance Completion of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) Therapy in Children Compared with Adults

Author

Emily Souder, Jennifer Vodzak, Jane M. Gould, Sarah S. Long, and Christina Dogbey

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Latent tuberculosis, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Public health, medicine.disease, Surgery, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, 0305 other medical science, business, Intensive care medicine, Contact Investigation
Published
2016
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19. Clinical Manifestations and Molecular Characterization of Pertactin-Deficient and Pertactin-Producing Bordetella pertussis in Children, Philadelphia 2007-2014

Author

Emily Souder, Jennifer Vodzak, Alan T. Evangelista, Anne Marie Queenan, and Sarah S. Long

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Male, Bordetella pertussis, Adolescent, Whooping Cough, 030106 microbiology, Disease, Comorbidity, complex mixtures, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, law, Intensive care, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, Virulence Factors, Bordetella, Child, Polymerase chain reaction, biology, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Sequence Analysis, DNA, bacterial infections and mycoses, biology.organism_classification, respiratory tract diseases, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Bordetella, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Cohort, Female, Pertactin, Symptom Assessment, business, Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Abstract

BACKGROUND Bordetella pertussis strains lacking expression of pertactin, a bacterial adhesin and vaccine target, are emerging. There are limited data on disease manifestations of mutant strains in children. We sought to compare clinical manifestations of pertactin-deficient and pertactin-producing B. pertussis infection in infants and describe corresponding molecular characteristics. METHODS Molecular characterization of archived B. pertussis isolates (collected January 2007 to March 2014) included Western blot analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), polymerase chain reaction, and pertactin gene sequencing. Medical record review compared epidemiologic and clinical courses of pertactin-producing and pertactin-deficient B. pertussis infections. RESULTS Sixty of 72 B. pertussis isolates were viable for analysis. Within the cohort of infants, the median age was 95 days, 90% received ≤1 dose of vaccine, and 72% were hospitalized. Pertactin deficiency was first noted in 2008, and its prevalence increased over time (68% overall prevalence). There were no statistically significant differences in presenting symptoms or signs, hospitalization, intensive care, respiratory support, or laboratory results related to pertactin expression. Illness length was shorter in pertactin-deficient group (mean difference, 3.2 days; P = .04); no difference was noted in the subgroup of infants

Published
2015

20. Rapid Multiplex PCR Gastrointestinal Panel Enhances Pathogen Identification and Can Improve Hospital Infection Prevention Practices in Pediatric Patients with Diarrhea

Author

Sarah S. Long, Jane M. Gould, Michael Heard, Ishminder Kaur, Jennifer Vodzak, and Alan T. Evangelista

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Virology, law.invention, Pathogenic organism, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, law, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, Infection control, Medicine, Identification (biology), medicine.symptom, business, Intensive care medicine, Pathogen, Polymerase chain reaction
Published
2015
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23. Contributors

Author

Elisabeth E. Adderson, Aarti Agarwal, Grace M. Aldrovandi, Upton D. Allen, Manuel R. Amieva, Krow Ampofo, Alicia D. Anderson, Margot Anderson, Paul M. Arguin, John C. Arnold, Ann M. Arvin, Shai Ashkenazi, Carol J. Baker, William J. Barson, Daniel G. Bausch, Kirsten Bechtel, Daniel K. Benjamin, Frank E. Berkowitz, Margaret J. Blythe, Joseph A. Bocchini, Michael Boeckh, Anna Bowen, William R. Bowie, Thomas G. Boyce, John S. Bradley, Michael T. Brady, Denise F. Bratcher, Paula K. Braverman, Caroline Breese Hall, Joseph S. Bresee, Itzhak Brook, Kristina Bryant, E. Stephen Buescher, Jane L. Burns, Gale R. Burstein, Carrie L. Byington, Kathy K. Byrd, Michael Cappello, Bryan D. Carter, Emily J. Cartwright, Mary T. Caserta, Chiara Cerini, Ellen Gould Chadwick, Beth Cheesebrough, P. Joan Chesney, John C. Christenson, Thomas G. Cleary, Susan E. Coffin, Laura M. Conklin, Laurie S. Conklin, Beverly L. Connelly, Despina Contopoulos-Ioannidis, James H. Conway, Margaret M. Cortese, C. Michael Cotten, Elaine Cox, Maryanne E. Crockett, James E. Crowe, Nigel Curtis, Dennis J. Cunningham, Linda Marie Dairiki Shortliffe, Toni Darville, Gregory A. Dasch, Irini Daskalaki, Robert S. Daum, Fatimah S. Dawood, Gail J. Demmler, Dickson D. Despommier, Karen A. Diefenbach, Christopher C. Dvorak, Kathryn M. Edwards, Morven S. Edwards, Lawrence F. Eichenfield, Dirk M. Elston, Janet A. Englund, Veronique Erard, Marina E. Eremeeva, Anat R. Feingold, Adam Finn, Anthony E. Fiore, Marc Fischer, Sarah J. Fitch, Patricia M. Flynn, LeAnne M. Fox, Michael M. Frank, Douglas R. Fredrick, Sheila Fallon Friedlander, Hayley A. Gans, Carla G. Garcia, Maria C. Garzon, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Michael D. Geschwind, Laura B. Gieraltowski, Francis Gigliotti, Peter H. Gilligan, Carol Glaser, Benjamin D. Gold, Brahm Goldstein, Jane M. Gould, Michael Green, David Greenberg, Patricia M. Griffin, Alexei A. Grom, Kathleen Gutierrez, Judith A. Guzman-Cottrill, Aron J. Hall, Marvin B. Harper, Christopher J. Harrison, David B. Haslam, Sarah J. Hawkes, Edward B. Hayes, Rohan Hazra, Sara Jane Heilig, J. Owen Hendley, Marion C.W. Henry, Joseph A. Hilinski, Scott D. Holmberg, Deborah Holtzman, Peter J. Hotez, Katherine K. Hsu, Dale J. Hu, Loris Y. Hwang, David Y. Hyun, Mary Anne Jackson, Richard F. Jacobs, Jeffrey L. Jones, Saleem Kamili, M. Gary Karlowicz, Ben Z. Katz, Gilbert J. Kersh, Laura M. Kester, Jay S. Keystone, David W. Kimberlin, Martin B. Kleiman, Mark W. Kline, Andrew Y. Koh, Andreas Konstantopoulos, Katalin I. Koranyi, E. Kent Korgenski, Andrew T. Kroger, Paul Krogstad, Christine T. Lauren, Hillary S. Lawrence, Eugene Leibovitz, Stéphanie Levasseur, David B. Lewis, Jay M. Lieberman, Jen-Jane Liu, Robyn A. Livingston, Eloisa Llata, Anagha R. Loharikar, Sarah S. Long, Ben A. Lopman, Bennett Lorber, Donald E. Low, Yalda C. Lucero, Jorge Luján-Zilbermann, Katherine Luzuriaga, Noni E. MacDonald, Adam MacNeil, Yvonne A. Maldonado, Chitra S. Mani, Mario J. Marcon, Gary S. Marshall, Stacey W. Martin, Catalina Matiz, Alison C. Mawle, Tony Mazzulli, George H. McCracken, Matthew B. McDonald, Robert S. McGregor, Kenneth McIntosh, Meredith McMorrow, Candice McNeil, Jennifer H. McQuiston, Debrah Meislich, H. Cody Meissner, Asunción Mejías, Manoj P. Menon, Jussi Mertsola, Marian G. Michaels, Melissa B. Miller, Eric D. Mintz, John F. Modlin, Parvathi Mohan, Susan P. Montgomery, Jose G. Montoya, Zack S. Moore, Maite de la Morena, Pedro L. Moro, Anna-Barbara Moscicki, R. Lawrence Moss, Trudy V. Murphy, Dennis L. Murray, Angela L. Myers, Simon Nadel, James P. Nataro, Michael N. Neely, William L. Nicholson, Victor Nizet, Amy Jo Nopper, Anna Norrby-Teglund, Theresa J. Ochoa, Miguel O’Ryan, Walter A. Orenstein, Christopher D. Paddock, Diane E. Pappas, Robert F. Pass, Thomas F. Patterson, Stephen I. Pelton, Larry K. Pickering, Caroline Diane Sarah Piggott, Philip A. Pizzo, Andrew J. Pollard, Klara M. Posfay-Barbe, Susan M. Poutanen, Dwight A. Powell, Alice S. Prince, Charles G. Prober, Octavio Ramilo, Shawn J. Rangel, Sarah A. Rawstron, Jennifer S. Read, Michael D. Reed, Joanna J. Regan, Megan E. Reller, Melissa A. Reyes, Peter A. Rice, Samuel E. Rice-Townsend, Frank O. Richards, Gail L. Rodgers, Pierre E. Rollin, José R. Romero, G. Ingrid J.G. Rours, Anne H. Rowley, Sharon L. Roy, Lorry G. Rubin, Guillermo M. Ruiz-Palacios, Lisa Saiman, Laura Sass, Jason B. Sauberan, Peter M. Schantz, Eileen Schneider, Gordon E. Schutze, Benjamin Schwartz, Heidi Schwarzwald, Kara N. Shah, Samir S. Shah, Andi L. Shane, Craig A. Shapiro, Eugene D. Shapiro, Umid M. Sharapov, Jana Shaw, George Kelly Siberry, Jane D. Siegel, Robert David Siegel, Nalini Singh, Upinder Singh, P. Brian Smith, John D. Snyder, David E. Soper, Mary Allen Staat, J. Erin Staples, Jeffrey R. Starke, William J. Steinbach, Ina Stephens, Joseph W. St. Geme, Bradley P. Stoner, Jonathan B. Strober, Kanta Subbarao, Deanna A. Sutton, Douglas Swanson, Leonel T. Takada, Jacqueline E. Tate, Robert V. Tauxe, Marc Tebruegge, Eyasu H. Teshale, George R. Thompson, Herbert A. Thompson, Richard B. Thomson, Emily A. Thorell, Rania A. Tohme, Robert W. Tolan, Philip Toltzis, James Treat, Stephanie B. Troy, Russell B. Van Dyke, Jorge J. Velarde, Jennifer Vodzak, Ellen R. Wald, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, A. Clinton White, Marc-Alain Widdowson, Harold C. Wiesenfeld, John V. Williams, Roxanne E. Williams, Rodney E. Willoughby, Craig M. Wilson, Sarah L. Wingerter, Jerry A. Winkelstein, Kimberly A. Workowski, Terry W. Wright, Pablo Yagupsky, Nada Yazigi, Catherine Yen, Edward J. Young, Andrea L. Zaenglein, and Theoklis E. Zaoutis

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2012
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