Search

Resumen Se determinó la cantidad de carbono que aportan pastos de piso con respecto a un bosque. El estudio se realizó en Turrialba, Costa Rica. Se evaluó: concentración de carbono, carbono orgánico, densidad aparente y materia orgánica. El bosque capturó y almacenó más carbono que los pastos, pero la densidad aparente del suelo fue menor en los pastos. El pasto Cynodon nlemfuensis obtuvo los mayores valores para la concentración de carbono y biomasa aérea. Abstract The objective was determining the amount of carbon that floor grasses contribute with respect to a forest. The study was carried in Turrialba, Costa Rica. It was evaluated: concentration of carbon, organic carbon, apparent density and organic matter. The forest captured and stored more carbon than the grasses, but the bulk density of the soil was lower in the grasses. In the grass C. nlemfuensis, it obtained the highest values for the concentration of carbon and aerial biomass.

To establish differences in the genotoxic effect of particulate matter (PM10) in exposed individuals at two sites in the Valle de Aburra (VA). This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of 2 groups of individuals exposed to 67.7 and 45 µg/m3 of PM10 for a minimum of 8 hours/day. The frequency of Chromosomal Abnormalities (CAs) and the mitotic index were evaluated based on blood samples. The data were processed using SPSS version 18.0 and significant differences were established between the groups at p

Introduction: The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in children is a challenge in all tuberculosis programs. The adverse social and economic conditions of the Colombian Pacific Coast make it a complex area for the management of the disease, especially in children. Objective: To describe the demographic and clinical characteristics, and the outcomes in the pediatric population with pulmonary tuberculosis in Buenaventura, Colombia. Methods: We conducted a descriptive observational study of a historical cohort (2009-2013) of children enrolled in the tuberculosis control program of Buenaventura. Results: A total of 163 cases were found and analyzed. There was no significant difference in sex distribution. The most frequent age group was 1-5 years (51%) and 55% belonged to the subsidized health system. The clinical TB diagnosis prevailed (55%), while the laboratory diagnosis was significant in patients older than 7 years. 92% entered the program as new cases, and 40% had their treatment finished at discharge. Adherence to treatment compliance was less than 50% in both phases of treatment. The incidence of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis during the study period ranged between 2 and 4 x 100,000 inhabitants. There were inconsistences in the information between the Tuberculosis program of the Municipality and the National Surveillance System of Colombia. Conclusion: The social and political difficulties in depressed areas of Buenaventura, a remote town in the Pacific Coast of Colombia, have a negative impact on the control of TB, despite strategies of childhood pulmonary tuberculosis based on timely diagnosis and treatment; effective follow-up of cases; study of contacts; and efficient, timely notification.

Objective: To know the development of the scientific evidence on the uncertainty towards the disease of family caregivers of patients in palliative care. Materials and methods: A descriptive scoping review. A search was conducted in the Embase, ScienceDirect, Medline, Academic Search Complete, Scopus databases, during the 2000-2019 period. The following MeSH terms were used: uncertainty, palliative care, end of life, nursing and caregiver. Fifty articles were selected after the criticism process. Results: Five thematic nuclei emerged: characterization of uncertainty in the caregiver, factors influencing uncertainty, resources to manage uncertainty, uncertainty assessment, and therapies and interventions to approach uncertainty. The higher scale of evidence is found in the characterization of uncertainty in the caregiver, and the voids direct the development of Nursing interventions on the uncertainty of the caregivers of individuals in palliative care. Conclusions: Although the factors influencing uncertainty towards the disease of the caregiver are widely explored, the evidence on the interventions that may help to reduce uncertainty towards the disease is still limited. RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer el desarrollo de la evidencia científica sobre la incertidumbre ante la enfermedad de cuidadores familiares de pacientes en cuidados paliativos. Materiales y métodos: revisión descriptiva tipo scoping review. Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Embase, ScienceDirect, Medline, Academic Search Complete y Scopus, en el periodo 2000-2019. Se usaron los términos MeSH uncertainty, paliative care, end of life, nursing y caregiver. Luego del proceso de crítica, se seleccionaron cincuenta artículos. Resultados: emergieron cinco núcleos temáticos: caracterización de la incertidumbre en el cuidador, factores influyentes en la incertidumbre, recursos para el manejo de la incertidumbre, evaluación de la incertidumbre y terapéuticas e intervenciones para abordar la incertidumbre. La mayor escala de evidencia se encuentra en la caracterización de la incertidumbre en el cuidador, y los vacíos orientan el desarrollo de intervenciones de enfermería sobre la incertidumbre de los cuidadores de personas en cuidado paliativo. Conclusiones: si bien existe una amplia exploración de los factores que influyen en la incertidumbre ante la enfermedad del cuidador, la evidencia sobre las intervenciones que ayuden a disminuir la incertidumbre ante la enfermedad es aún escasa. RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer o desenvolvimento de evidências científicas sobre a incerteza de cuidadores familiares em relação à doença de pacientes em cuidados paliativos. Materiais e métodos: revisão descritiva tipo scoping review. Foi realizada pesquisa nas bases de dados Embase, ScienceDirect, Medline, Academic Search Complete e Scopus, no período 2000-2019. Foram utilizados os termos MeSH uncertainty, palliative care, end of life, nursing e caregiver. Após análise crítica, foram selecionados cinquenta artigos. Resultados: caracterização da incerteza no cuidador, fatores influentes na incerteza, recursos para lidar com a incerteza, avaliação da incerteza e terapêutica e intervenções para lidar com a incerteza. A maior escala de evidência é encontrada na caracterização da incerteza do cuidador, e as lacunas orientam o desenvolvimento de intervenções de enfermagem sobre a incerteza do cuidador de pessoas em cuidados paliativos. Conclusões: embora exista uma ampla exploração dos fatores que influenciam a incerteza do cuidador, ainda são escassas as evidências sobre intervenções que contribuam para reduzir a incerteza em relação à doença.

Objective. This work sought to know the state of the art related to the theme of Interprofessional Education (IPE) in the training of Nursing and Medical students and the level of evidence developed thus far. Methods. This was an exploratory systematic review, declared as scoping review by the Joanna Briggs Institute, JBI, in which a search was performed in Embase, Science direct, Pubmed-Medline, Academic search complete, BVS, Scopus and ERIC databases, limiting between 2009 - 2019 by using the DeCS and MeSH terms of Interprofessional education, education research, healthcare professionals, nursing and medicine, selecting 39 original articles after carrying out the review process with the criteria by the JBI. Results. Four thematic nuclei emerged: Experiences and perceptions of interprofessional learning, Didactics related with IPE, Empirical indicators related with IPE, and Development of professional skills. The highest level of evidence is presented by the articles dealing with didactics; on the contrary, no articles were found that dealt with topics related with early inclusion of IPE in the medical and nursing curricula, which are currently necessary to complement the focus of patient-centered care. Conclusion. The thematic nuclei show that the level of evidence in the literature is varied, although mostly descriptive in scope, highlighting the development of professional skills as a result of interprofessional education. Resumen Objetivo. Conocer el estado del arte, relacionado con la temática de Educación Interprofesional (EIP) en la formación de estudiantes de enfermería y medicina, y el nivel de evidencia desarrollado hasta el momento. Métodos. Revisión Sistemática exploratoria, declarada como Scoping review por la Joanna Briggs Institute -JBI-, en la que se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos de Embase, Science direct, Pubmed-Medline, Academic search complete, BVS, Scopus y ERIC, entre 2009-2019 utilizando los términos DeCS y MeSH de Interprofessional education, education research, healthcare professionals, nursing y medicine. Se seleccionaron 39 artículos originales luego del proceso de crítica con los criterios de JBI. Resultados. Emergieron cuatro núcleos temáticos: Experiencias y percepciones del aprendizaje interprofesional, Didácticas vinculadas a la EIP, Indicadores empíricos relacionados con la EIP y Desarrollo de competencias profesionales. El mayor nivel de evidencia lo presentan los artículos sobre empleo de didácticas; por el contrario, no se encontraron artículos que trataran temáticas relacionadas con la inclusión temprana de EIP en los currículos de enfermería y medicina, pues son actualmente necesarios para complementar el enfoque de atención centrada en el paciente. Conclusión. Los núcleos temáticos muestran que el nivel de evidencia de la literatura es variado, aunque en su mayoría de alcance descriptivo, lo que resalta el desarrollo de competencias profesionales como resultado de la educación interprofesional. Resumo Objetivo. Conhecer o estado da arte, relacionado com a temática de Educação Interprofissional (EIP) na formação de estudantes de enfermagem e medicina, e o nível de evidência desenvolvido até o momento. Métodos. Revisão Sistemática exploratória, declarada como Scoping review pela Joanna Briggs Institute -JBI-, na qual se realizou uma busca em bases de dados de Embase, Science direct, Pubmed-Medline, Academic search complete, BVS, Scopus e ERIC, limitando entre 2009-2019 utilizando os termos DeCS e MeSH de Interprofessional education, education research, healthcare professionals, nursing and medicine. Se selecionaram 39 artigos originais após de realizado o processo de crítica com os critérios de JBI. Resultados. Emergiram quatro núcleos temáticos: Experiências e percepções da aprendizagem interprofissional, Didáticas vinculadas à EIP, Indicadores empíricos relacionados com a EIP e Desenvolvimento de competências profissionais. O maior nível de evidência o apresentam os artigos sobre emprego de didáticas; pelo contrário, não se encontraram artigos que trataram temáticas relacionadas com a inclusão precoce de EIP nos currículos de enfermagem e medicina, sendo atualmente necessários para complementar o enfoque de atenção centrada no paciente. Conclusão. Os núcleos temáticos mostram que o nível de evidência da literatura é variado, embora na sua maioria de alcance descritivo, ressaltando o desenvolvimento de competências profissionais como resultado da educação interprofissional.

SUMMARYMammalian organs are nourished by nutrients carried by the blood circulation. These nutrients originate from diet and internal stores, and can undergo various interconversions before their eventual use as tissue fuel. Here we develop isotope tracing, mass spectrometry, and mathematical analysis methods to determine the direct sources of circulating nutrients, their interconversion rates, and eventual tissue-specific contributions to TCA cycle metabolism. Experiments with fifteen nutrient tracers enabled extensive accounting both for circulatory metabolic cycles and tissue TCA inputs, across fed and fasted mice on either high carbohydrate or ketogenic diet. We find that a majority of circulating carbon flux is carried by two major cycles: glucose-lactate and triglyceride-glycerol-fatty acid. Futile cycling through these pathways is prominent when dietary content of the associated nutrients is low, rendering internal metabolic activity robust to food choice. The presented in vivo flux quantification methods are broadly applicable to different physiological and disease states.

El objetivo de este artículo es describir y analizar los enfoques teóricos de enfermería que han sido utilizados para la investigación sobre adherencia al tratamiento en personas con enfermedades cardiovasculares. Para ello, se realiza una revisión integrativa descriptiva entre los años 2005 - 2018 en el que se incluyen 27 artículos originales, de revisión, tesis de maestría y doctorado en enfermería teniendo en cuenta los descriptores adherencia al tratamiento, teorías de enfermería y salud cardiovascular. Como resultado, se identificaron 4 teorías de enfermería que más se han trabajado con relación a la adherencia al tratamiento: Teoría del Proceso de Enfermería Deliberativa, Teoría de la Autoeficacia, Teoría de Autocuidado y Teoría del autocuidado en Falla Cardíaca; evidenciando en la literatura predominio de estudios descriptivos, metodológicos y de intervención utilizando estos enfoques teóricos. Se puede concluir que los marcos teóricos de enfermería han permitido el avance investigativo en la adherencia de esta población, sin embargo, con la evolución del conocimiento se requiere explorar otros enfoques teóricos situacionales o derivados de la práctica. The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the theoretical approaches to nursing that have been used for research on adherence to treatment in people with cardiovascular diseases. For this, a descriptive integrative review is carried out between the years 2005 - 2018 in which 27 original articles are included, review, master's thesis and doctorate in nursing taking into account the descriptors adherence to treatment, nursing theories and cardiovascular health. As a result, 4 nursing theories that have been worked on in relation to adherence to treatment were identified: Deliberative Nursing Process Theory, Theory of Self-efficacy, Theory of Self-Care and Theory of Self-Care in Cardiac Failure; evidencing in literature the predominance of descriptive, methodological and intervention studies using these theoretical approaches. It can be concluded that the theoretical frameworks of nursing have allowed the investigative advance in the adherence of this population, however, with the evolution of knowledge it is required to explore other situational theoretical approaches or derived from the practice. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever e analisar as abordagens teóricas em enfermagem que vêm sendo utilizadas para pesquisas sobre adesão ao tratamento em pessoas com doenças cardiovasculares. 2018, que inclui 27 artigos originais, artigos de revisão, teses de mestrado e doutorado em enfermagem, considerando descritores de adesão ao tratamento, teorias de enfermagem e saúde cardiovascular - para isso, uma revisão integrativa descritiva a partir de 2005 é realizada. Como resultado, foram identificados 4 teorias de enfermagem que têm trabalhado mais sobre adesão ao tratamento: Teoria Deliberativo do Processo de Enfermagem, a teoria da auto-eficácia, teoria da auto-cuidado e auto-cuidado Teoria na Insuficiência Cardíaca; evidenciando na literatura a predominância de estudos descritivos, metodológicos e de intervenção utilizando essas abordagens teóricas. Podese concluir que os referenciais teóricos da enfermagem permitiram o avanço investigativo na adesão dessa população, porém, com a evolução do conhecimento, é necessário explorar outras abordagens teóricas situacionais ou derivadas da prática.

Adaptations in glutamate signaling within the brain's reward circuitry are observed following withdrawal from several abused drugs, including cocaine. These include changes in intrinsic cellular excitability, glutamate release, and glutamate uptake. Pharmacological or optogenetic reversal of these adaptations have been shown to reduce measures of cocaine craving and seeking, raising the hypothesis that regulation of glutamatergic signaling represents a viable target for the treatment of substance use disorders. Here, we tested the hypothesis that administration of the compound riluzole, which regulates glutamate dynamics in several ways, would reduce cocaine seeking in the rat self-administration and reinstatement model of addiction. Riluzole dose-dependently inhibited cue- and cocaine-primed reinstatement to cocaine, but did not affect locomotor activity or reinstatement to sucrose seeking. Moreover, riluzole reversed bidirectional cocaine-induced adaptations in intrinsic excitability of prelimbic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) pyramidal neurons; a cocaine-induced increase in PL excitability was decreased by riluzole, and a cocaine-induced decrease in IL excitability was increased to normal levels. Riluzole also reversed the cocaine-induced suppression of the high-affinity glutamate transporter 1 (EAAT2/GLT-1) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). GLT-1 is responsible for the majority of glutamate uptake in the brain, and has been previously reported to be downregulated by cocaine. These results demonstrate that riluzole impairs cocaine reinstatement while rectifying several cellular adaptations in glutamatergic signaling within the brain's reward circuitry, and support the hypothesis that regulators of glutamate homeostasis represent viable candidates for pharmacotherapeutic treatment of psychostimulant relapse.

Este artículo de revisión y análisis teórico se deriva de la investigación multicéntrica “Saberes disciplinares, saberes pedagógicos y aprendizaje situado: génesis e influencias mutuas en la enseñanza universitaria”, desarrollada con facultades de Ciencias de la Salud y de la Educación en Universidades de España, Brasil, Colombia y Chile. Pretende profundizar la perspectiva epistemológica, teórica y metodológica del estudio como una ruta innovadora en la investigación cualitativa, por tanto, se presentan los fundamentos epistemológicos del Interaccionismo Simbólico, que se basa en la comprensión de la sociedad a través de la comunicación y permite dar significado a procesos humanos, como los procesos dialógicos entre profesores y estudiantes, analizando las repercusiones que tiene en su aprendizaje. La perspectiva teórica de la Etnografía de la Comunicación que se centra en el análisis de los patrones sociolingüísticos con los que interactúan las personas, siendo prioritario conocer el significado que posee la comunicación verbal y no verbal en esta situación; y la perspectiva metodológica microetnográfica que logra una comprensión de las interacciones verbales y sociales entre profesores y estudiantes, por medio de observaciones no participantes y entrevistas “Think aloud”. This review article and theoretical analysis is derived from multicentric research "Disciplinary knowledge, pedagogical knowledge and situated learning: genesis and mutual influences on university education", developed with Faculties of Health Sciences and Education in Universities of Spain, Brazil, Colombia and Chile. It aims to deepen the epistemological, theoretical and methodological perspective of the study as an innovative route in qualitative research, therefore, the epistemological foundations of Symbolic Interactionism are presented, which is based on the understanding of society through communication and allows to give meaning to human processes, such as the dialogical processes between teachers and students, analyzing the repercussions that it has on their learning. The theoretical perspective of the Ethnography of Communication that focuses on the analysis of the sociolinguistic patterns with which people interact, being a priority to know the meaning of verbal and non-verbal communication in this situation; and the microethnographic methodological perspective that achieves an understanding of the verbal and social interactions between teachers and students, through non-participant observations and “Think aloud” interviews. Este artigo de revisão e análise teórica é derivado da pesquisa multicêntrica "conhecimento disciplinar, conhecimento e aprendizagem pedagógica implantada: génese e influências mútuas das universidades", desenvolvidos com faculdades de Ciências da Saúde e Educação em universidades em Espanha, Brasil, Colômbia e o Chile. Visa aprofundar a perspectiva epistemológica, teórica e metodológica do estudo como um caminho inovador na pesquisa qualitativa, portanto, são apresentados os fundamentos epistemológicos do Interacionismo Simbólico, que se baseia na compreensão da sociedade através da comunicação e permite dar sentido aos processos humanos, como os processos dialógicos entre professores e alunos, analisando as repercussões que tem sobre sua aprendizagem. A perspectiva teórica da Etnografia da Comunicação que foca a análise dos padrões sóciolingüísticos com os quais as pessoas interagem, sendo uma prioridade conhecer o significado da comunicação verbal e não-verbal nessa situação; e a perspectiva metodológica microetnográfica que alcança uma compreensão das interações verbais e sociais entre professores e alunos, através de observações não-participantes e Pense em voz alta em entrevistas.

Objetivo: Determinar la perspectiva del estudiante de obstetricia respecto al retorno de las actividades universitarias teoricas y practicas en un contexto de pandemia. Materiales y metodos: Estudio analitico transversal, en el que participaron 115 estudiantes matriculados en la carrera de obstetricia (del segundo al quinto ano) de una universidad publica de Lima. Se evaluo la proporcion de estudiantes que estan de acuerdo con el retorno a las actividades teoricas y practicas, los recursos con los que cuentan y su situacion familiar. Las asociaciones ajustadas fueron evaluadas mediante regresion de Poisson. Resultados: El 58,26 % [IC95 %: 48,93-67,03 %] de los participantes esta de acuerdo con el retorno a las actividades teoricas virtuales; y el 6,09 % [IC95 %: 2,89-12,34 %], con el regreso a las practicas hospitalarias. Solo el 66,09 % cuenta con internet, dispositivo movil y un ambiente adecuado de estudio en su hogar. El grupo que no estuvo de acuerdo con el retorno a la practica hospitalaria se caracterizo por presentar un antecedente patologico personal (p < 0,001) y convivir con dos o mas personas mayores de 65 anos (p < 0,001). Los principales antecedentes clinicos de los familiares mayores de 65 anos fueron hipertension arterial (36,89 %), diabetes (19,04 %) y obesidad (15,47 %). Conclusiones: Es escasa la proporcion de estudiantes de obstetricia que estan a favor del retorno a los hospitales, motivados principalmente por tener antecedentes patologicos personales y convivir con familiares mayores de 65 anos. Cerca de la mitad de los participantes cuenta con recursos digitales que permiten su aprendizaje remoto.

ANTECDENTES: El síndrome de Bartter es una tubulopatía que afecta el transporte hidroelectrolítico; su prevalencia es de un caso por cada millón de habitantes. Se han descrito cinco subtipos de característica autosómica recesiva y un subtipo autosómico dominante. Del total de estos, cuatro subtipos son de presentación antenatal, con característica sobresaliente de poliuria que genera polihidramnios, prematurez y, en el periodo neonatal, alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas que llevan a lesión renal y alteraciones neurológicas.CASO CLÍNICO: Recién nacido, producto del segundo embarazo, madre de 22 años que inició con aumento importante del perímetro abdominal hacia las 12 semanas de gestación. Se optó por una conducta expectante hasta la semana 23 en la que se estableció el diagnóstico de polihidramnios severo, sin reporte de alteración estructural fetal. Se sospechó síndrome de Bartter que se confirmó con los estudios correspondientes. Se trató con ibuprofeno y la respuesta fue satisfactoriaCONCLUSIÓN: La ausencia de identificación de esta enfermedad, junto con el inadecuado tratamiento hidroelectrolítico de estos pacientes conducen a cuadros de deshidratación y alteraciones hidroelectrolíticas severas que pueden desencadenar insuficiencia renal, algunos subtipos de sordera neurosensorial, alteraciones en el neurodesarrollo y muerte.

Low-protein diets promote metabolic health in rodents and humans, and the benefits of low-protein diets are recapitulated by specifically reducing dietary levels of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Here, we demonstrate that each BCAA has distinct metabolic effects. A low isoleucine diet reprograms liver and adipose metabolism, increasing hepatic insulin sensitivity and ketogenesis and increasing energy expenditure, activating the FGF21-UCP1 axis. Reducing valine induces similar but more modest metabolic effects, whereas these effects are absent with low leucine. Reducing isoleucine or valine rapidly restores metabolic health to diet-induced obese mice. Finally, we demonstrate that variation in dietary isoleucine levels helps explain body mass index differences in humans. Our results reveal isoleucine as a key regulator of metabolic health and the adverse metabolic response to dietary BCAAs and suggest reducing dietary isoleucine as a new approach to treating and preventing obesity and diabetes.

Guided by dialogical self theory, our purpose was to extend past research on the parenting beliefs of Mexican American parents. In this qualitative study, we analyze the dialoguing associated with the main beliefs of 13 Mexican-origin mothers and fathers, most of whom are second-generation. Of the seven main parenting beliefs identified by parents, three – speaking Spanish, fostering respect, and encouraging gratitude – were characterized by dialoguing that strongly connected to the values of their Mexican heritage. An additional three – promoting education, parental involvement, and showing affection – were associated with dialoguing that differentiated from the values and practices of their own parents. A final belief about discipline was more complex, evidencing an ongoing negotiation of Mexican and US values and practices. We propose that this dialogical approach offers a useful framework for future research on parents’ negotiation of multiple cultural traditions in creating their beliefs and ...

This study addresses how couples experiencing work travel demands talk about their relationship. Using a sample of 29 couples who experience work travel, this study examines what couples in separate interviews reported regarding their relationship, and uses mixed-method strategies to develop a typology of couples. Three different relationship types were uncovered: aware couples who consider a variety of aspects of themselves, their partners, their relationships, and their contexts as they discuss their lives; individually focused couples who discuss their relationship only in terms of themselves and their partners; and isolated couples who discuss their relationships void of context. These findings support the notion that couples have a degree of similarity when it comes to social cognitions of their relationships.

Objective To know the current state of development of the thematic area of nursing education related with professional training and to determine the research trends. Methods Descriptive integrative review, which conducted a search in databases limited from 2005 to 2016, using MeSH and DeCS terms, like Nursing, education, Nursing education research, Nursing students, health knowledge practice, and professional competence, which analyzed 50 original articles. Results The concepts that emerged were: successful didactics, caring learning process, professional skills, professor role, and pedagogic relationships. The highest levels of evidence were found in studies on didactics; however, the trends and challenges of this review are aimed at the professional skill because it becomes the transversal concept in the formation of nurses. Conclusion The thematic area of nursing education related with professional training has advanced in the development and level of evidence on the concept of successful didactics, which is why the other concepts have remained in exploration and description whether in quantitative or qualitative studies. All the concepts analyzed have voids and the research trend is aimed at mixed, predictive, and experimental studies that respond well to this theme. Resumo Objetivo Conhecer o estado atual de desenvolvimento da área temática de educação em enfermagem relacionada com a formação profissional e determinar as tendências para a investigação. Métodos Revisão integrativa descritiva, na qual se realizou uma busca em bases de dados limitando entre os anos 2005 - 2016, utilizando términos MeSH e DeCS como Education nursing, Nursing education research, Students nursing, Health knowledge practice e professional competence, no qual se analisaram 50 artigos originais. Resultados Os conceitos que emergiram foram: didáticas de sucesso, processo de aprendizagem do cuidado, competências profissionais, papel docente e relações pedagógicas. Os maiores níveis de evidência se encontram nos estudos sobre didáticas, embora as tendências e retos desta revisão se orientam para a competência profissional porque se converte no conceito transversal na formação de enfermeiros. Conclusão Na área temática de educação em enfermagem relacionada com a formação profissional se há avançado no desenvolvimento e nível de evidência no conceito de didáticas de sucesso, pelo que os outros conceitos se hão quedado em exploração e descrição já seja em estudos quantitativos ou qualitativos. Todos os conceitos analisados apresentam vazios e a tendência em investigação se orienta a estudos mistos, preditivos e experimentais que deem resposta a esta temática Resumen Objetivo Conocer el estado actual de desarrollo del área temática de educación en enfermería relacionada con la formación profesional y determinar las tendencias para la investigación. Métodos Revisión integrativa descriptiva, en la que se realizó una búsqueda en bases de datos entre los años 2005 - 2016, utilizando términos MeSH y DeCS como Education nursing, Nursing education research, 7Students nursing, Health knowledge practice y professional competence, en el que se analizaron 50 artículos originales. Resultados Emergieron conceptos como: didácticas exitosas, proceso de aprendizaje del cuidado, competencias profesionales, rol docente y relaciones pedagógicas. Los mayores niveles de evidencia se encuentran en los estudios sobre didácticas, sin embargo, las tendencias y retos de esta revisión se orientan hacia la competencia profesional porque se convierte en el concepto transversal en la formación de enfermeros. Conclusión En el área temática de educación en enfermería relacionada con la formación profesional se ha avanzado en el desarrollo y nivel de evidencia en el concepto de didácticas exitosas, por lo que los otros conceptos se han quedado en exploración y descripción ya sea en estudios cuantitativos o cualitativos. Todos los conceptos analizados presentan vacíos y la tendencia en investigación se orienta a estudios mixtos, predictivos y experimentales que den respuesta a esta temática.

This study examined the age of onset of the capacity to align with direction of gaze, and the relations between individual differences in this capacity and language acquisition. Infants demonstrated the capacity to match mother's direction of gaze, and individual differences in this capacity were related to vocabulary development.

El Síndrome de Sjögren es una enfermedad crónica autoinmune en la cual se ven alteradas las glándulas mucosas del organismo, caracterizada principalmente por sequedad oral (xerostomía) y ocular (xeroftalmia). Objetivo. Describir el perfil clínico y epidemiológico de pacientes con Sjögren concomitante a Artritis Reumatoide en una Clínica privada de la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia. 2005- 2010. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo del tipo de series clínicas en el que se estudiaron las historias clínicas de los pacientes atendidos por Sjögren concomitante a Artritis Reumatoide en una clínica privada de Medellín-Colombia. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el programa SPSS, a las variables cuantitativas se les calculó el promedio y la desviación estándar, además de los valores mínimo y máximo, y a las variables cualitativas se les estimó proporciones. Resultados. Se estudiaron 23 pacientes los cuales tenían una edad mediana de 55 años y 91.3% eran del sexo femenino. Los síntomas más frecuentemente reportados fueron la xerostomía y la xeroftalmia con un 69.6% y 56.5% respectivamente. Los métodos más empleados para el diagnóstico fueron el Factor Reumatoideo (78.3%) y los anticuerpos antinucleares (69.6%), mientras que los principales medicamentos empleados fueron la cloroquina y la Prednisolona (cada uno con 52.2%). Conclusión. Sjögren concomitante a Artritis fue encontrado más comúnmente en el sexo femenino. Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron la xerostomía y xeroftalmia y la mediana del tiempo de diagnóstico fue de 61 meses. Es necesario seguir ahondando en el tema para caracterizar mejor aquellos pacientes con Sjögren y otra enfermedad inmunológica de base.