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1. A new simulation framework to evaluate the suitability of eDNA for marine and aquatic Environmental Impact Assessments

Author

Jennifer Coston‐Guarini, Shawn Hinz, Luca Mirimin, and Jean‐Marc Guarini

Subjects
decision theory, DNA, environmental, environmental science, EIA, heuristic approach, human activities, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Microbial ecology, QR100-130
Abstract

Abstract A model was developed to forecast and compare changes in species presence assessed with either eDNA or traditional observations. We use it to explore how ecosystem conditions could affect the suitability of eDNA for Environmental Impact Assessment. First, a deterministic model simulated the dynamics of the impacted population (called “receptor” in EIA) and their shed DNA fragment concentrations. Second, random distributions of receptor organisms and eDNA fragment quantities at steady state were simulated within the impacted spatial domain (called “project area”). Then, simple random samplings were performed for both the receptor and eDNA. Third, post‐sampling processes (eDNA extraction, amplification, and analysis) were simulated to estimate the taxon detection probability. Fourth, we simulated an impact by modifying the growth, mortality, and mobility (null, passive, and active) parameters of the receptor taxon. eDNA detection probability curves were then estimated for a range of environmental sample volumes by fitting a Weibull cumulative distribution function. A F‐like statistic compared detection curves before and after impact. Statistically significant differences were detected with eDNA in impact scenarios where receptor taxon growth rate decreased and receptor mobility was null or passive. In scenarios where the project area accumulates DNA shed from multiple categories of the same taxon (e.g., from dead organisms if mortality increased or when individuals can cross project area boundaries), it is difficult to assess impact. Our study shows that results obtained from eDNA sampling will not always agree with an impact classically assessed on a receptor population. One reason is that sources of the total eDNA pool are not identified. The modeling highlights the need: to do preliminary testing of sample sizes, to develop new approaches that will identify sources from the pool of extracted DNA, and to improve descriptions of the ecogeochemical processes required to forecast shed DNA reactivity.

Published
2023
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2. Modelling the Dynamics of Outbreak Species: The Case of Ditrupa arietina (O.F. Müller), Gulf of Lions, NW Mediterranean Sea

Author

Jennifer Coston-Guarini, François Charles, and Jean-Marc Guarini

Subjects
Ditrupa arietina, metapopulation, modelling, hybrid dynamic model, Mediterranean ecosystem, historical ecology, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, VM1-989, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

An outbreak species exhibits extreme, rapid population fluctuations that can be qualified as discrete events within a continuous dynamic. When outbreaks occur they may appear novel and disconcerting because the limiting factors of their dynamics are not readily identifiable. We present the first population hybrid dynamic model that combines continuous and discrete processes, designed to simulate marine species outbreaks. The deterministic framework was tested using the case of an unexploited benthic invertebrate species: the small, serpulid polychaete Ditrupa arietina. This species is distributed throughout the northeast Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; it has a life cycle characterised by a pelagic dispersive larval stage, while juveniles and adults are sedentary. Sporadic reports of extremely high, variable densities (from 10,000 ind.m−2) have attracted attention from marine ecologists for a century. However, except for one decade-long field study from the Bay of Banyuls (France, Gulf of Lions, Mediterranean Sea), observations are sparse. Minimal formulations quantified the processes governing the population dynamics. Local population continuous dynamics were simulated from a size-structured model with a null immigration–emigration flux balance. The mathematical properties, based on the derived hybrid model, demonstrated the possibilities of reaching an equilibrium for the population using a single number of recruits per reproducer. Two extrapolations were made: (1) local population dynamics were simulated over 180 years using North Atlantic Oscillation indices to force recruitment variability and (2) steady-state population densities over the Gulf of Lions were calculated from a connectivity matrix in a metapopulation. The dynamics reach a macroscopic stability in both extrapolations, despite the absence of density regulating mechanisms. This ensures the persistence of D. arietina, even when strong, irregular oscillations characteristic of an outbreak species are observed. The hybrid model suggests that a macroscopic equilibrium for a population with variable recruitment conditions can only be characterised for time periods which contain several outbreak occurrences distributed over a regional scale.

Published
2024
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3. Alternate Stable States Theory: Critical Evaluation and Relevance to Marine Conservation

Author

Jean-Marc Guarini and Jennifer Coston-Guarini

Subjects
multiple stable states, tipping points, theoretical frameworks, models, marine protected areas, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, VM1-989, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

In their 2023 book, “The Blue Compendium: From Knowledge to Action for a Sustainable Ocean Economy”, Lubchenko and Haugan invoked alternate stable (AS) states marginally as an undesired consequence of sources of disturbance on populations, communities and ecosystems. They did not provide detailed arguments, but considered the existence of AS states as a given. Conversely, May, in his 1977 Nature article, pointed out that, when applied to systems that are complex, “the [AS states] theory remains largely metaphorical”. This is the starting point of this critical review, which aims to re-examine the general theory behind AS states in ecological systems and its applications to marine ecology and conservation. The focus is first on theory, taking as examples communities that sustain competition and studying the relative importance of the fluxes of individuals between simple low-dimension, interconnected systems. We find that a minimal formulation of fluxes is sufficient to obtain a set of non-null multiple stable (MS) states and to trigger shifts between AS states when fluxes become large enough. This provides new insights into the theory of rescue and mass effects by distinguishing them through a threshold at which the system dynamics shift from one stable equilibrium to another. Then, we consider how the theoretical framework of AS states has been applied in marine environments. It appears that many applications have confounded shifts between AS states and changes in the structure of systems, particularly when the complexity of the systems increases. The main difficulty for any application remains that the concepts of MS and AS states can only be established and validated for low-dimension systems and simplified experiments. This is because the mathematical properties of models that describe large-dimension, complex systems deviate from the observed characteristics of their real-world counterparts. There are many intriguing scientific challenges around the plausible shifts between AS states, but a deeper understanding and characterization of their occurrence in nature would require a significant investment in modeling to formulate predictive ecosystem models.

Published
2024
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4. A First Individual-Based Model to Simulate Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) Migrations at the Scale of the Global Ocean

Author

Jean-Marc Guarini and Jennifer Coston-Guarini

Subjects
baleen whales, migration, behavior, bioenergetics, individual-based modelling, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, VM1-989, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Whale migrations are poorly understood. Two competing hypotheses dominate the literature: 1. moving between feeding and breeding grounds increases population fitness, 2. migration is driven by dynamic environmental gradients, without consideration of fitness. Other hypotheses invoke communication and learned behaviors. In this article, their migration was investigated with a minimal individual-based model at the scale of the Global Ocean. Our aim is to test if global migration patterns can emerge from only the local, individual perception of environmental change. The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) meta-population is used as a case study. This species reproduces in 14 zones spread across tropical latitudes. From these breeding areas, humpback whales are observed to move to higher latitudes seasonally, where they feed, storing energy in their blubber, before returning to lower latitudes. For the model, we developed a simplified ethogram that conditions the individual activity. Then trajectories of 420 whales (30 per DPS) were simulated in two oceanic configurations. The first is a homogeneous ocean basin without landmasses and a constant depth of −1000 m. The second configuration used the actual Earth topography and coastlines. Results show that a global migration pattern can emerge from the movements of a set of individuals which perceive their environment only locally and without a pre-determined destination. This emerging property is the conjunction of individual behaviors and the bathymetric configuration of the Earth’s oceanic basins. Topographic constraints also maintain a limited connectivity between the 14 DPSs. An important consequence of invoking a local perception of environmental change is that the predicted routes are loxodromic and not orthodromic. In an ocean without landmasses, ecophysiological processes tended to over-estimate individual weights. With the actual ocean configuration, the excess weight gain was mitigated and also produced increased heterogeneity among the individuals. Developing a model of individual whale dynamics has also highlighted where the understanding of whales’ individual behaviors and population dynamic processes is incomplete. Our new simulation framework is a step toward being able to anticipate migration events and trajectories to minimize negative interactions and could facilitate improved data collection on these movements.

Published
2022
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5. Evaluating eDNA for Use within Marine Environmental Impact Assessments

Author

Shawn Hinz, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Michael Marnane, and Jean-Marc Guarini

Subjects
eDNA, environmental impact assessment, marine environment, reactive transport, occupancy models, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, VM1-989, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

In this review, the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) within Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is evaluated. EIA documents provide information required by regulators to evaluate the potential impact of a development project. Currently eDNA is being incorporated into biodiversity assessments as a complementary method for detecting rare, endangered or invasive species. However, questions have been raised regarding the maturity of the field and the suitability of eDNA information as evidence for EIA. Several key issues are identified for eDNA information within a generic EIA framework for marine environments. First, it is challenging to define the sampling unit and optimal sampling strategy for eDNA with respect to the project area and potential impact receptor. Second, eDNA assay validation protocols are preliminary at this time. Third, there are statistical issues around the probability of obtaining both false positives (identification of taxa that are not present) and false negatives (non-detection of taxa that are present) in results. At a minimum, an EIA must quantify the uncertainty in presence/absence estimates by combining series of Bernoulli trials with ad hoc occupancy models. Finally, the fate and transport of DNA fragments is largely unknown in environmental systems. Shedding dynamics, biogeochemical and physical processes that influence DNA fragments must be better understood to be able to link an eDNA signal with the receptor’s state. The biggest challenge is that eDNA is a proxy for the receptor and not a direct measure of presence. Nonetheless, as more actors enter the field, technological solutions are likely to emerge for these issues. Environmental DNA already shows great promise for baseline descriptions of the presence of species surrounding a project and can aid in the identification of potential receptors for EIA monitoring using other methods.

Published
2022
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6. Designing the Next Generation of Condition Tracking and Early Warning Systems for Shellfish Aquaculture

Author

Jean-Marc Guarini, Shawn Hinz, and Jennifer Coston-Guarini

Subjects
valvometry, dynamic model, biological early warning system, optimisation, ecophysiology, Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering, VM1-989, Oceanography, GC1-1581
Abstract

Early detection of environmental disturbances affecting shellfish stock condition is highly desirable for aquaculture activities. In this article, a new biophysical model-based early warning system (EWS) is described, that assesses bivalve stock condition by diagnosing signs of persistent physiological dysfunctioning. The biophysical model represents valve gape dynamics, controlled by active contractions of the adductor muscle countering the passive action of the hinge ligament; the dynamics combine continuous convergence to a steady-state interspersed with discrete closing events. A null simulation was introduced to describe undisturbed conditions. The diagnostic compares valve gape measurements and simulations. Indicators are inferred from the model parameters, and disturbances are assessed when their estimates deviate from their null distribution. Instead of focusing only on discrete events, our EWS exploits the complete observed dynamics within successive time intervals defined by the variation scales. When applied to a valvometry data series, collected in controlled conditions from scallops (Pecten maximus), the EWS indicated that one among four individuals exhibited signs its physiological condition was degrading. This was detected neither during experiments nor during the initial data analysis, suggesting the utility of an approach that quantifies physiological mechanisms underlying functional responses. Practical implementations of biological-EWS at farming sites are then discussed.

Published
2021
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7. Evaluation of Nearshore and Offshore Water Quality Assessment Using UAV Multispectral Imagery

Author

Ryan McEliece, Shawn Hinz, Jean-Marc Guarini, and Jennifer Coston-Guarini

Subjects
remote sensing, UAV, water quality monitoring, chlorophyll a, turbidity, Science
Abstract

A cost-effective technology has emerged which combines multispectral sensors mounted on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This technology has a promising potential for monitoring water quality in coastal environments. Our study aimed at evaluating this technology to infer the spatial distribution of chlorophyll a concentration [Chl-a] (in µg·L−1) and turbidity (FNU) in surface waters. The multispectral sensor measured reflectance at 4 distinct wavelength bands centered on 448 nm, 494 nm, 550 nm and 675 nm, hence providing 4 datasets {R(448), R(494), R(550), R(675)}. We investigated the potential of estimating [Chl-a] and turbidity based on reflectance ratios and indexes calculated from two different wavelength bands. The calibration functions were formulated based on the property that any of the reflectance measurements was linearly correlated to any other one. The calibration was performed from 35 measurements of reflectance, [Chl-a] and turbidity collected in seven sites in the U.K. between May and August 2017. Two calibration functions derived from the index δ=(R(550) − R(448))/(R(550) + R(448)) presented the best fit and explained 78% of the total variance for [Chl-a] and 74% for turbidity measurements, respectively. Calibration functions were then inversed to estimate [Chl-a] and turbidity from reflectance measurements. Finally, we performed a validation test using independent measurements from three sites in France, in July 2017. The resulting maps show a pattern with higher [Chl-a] in lower turbidity areas. However, discrepancies between the observed and re-calculated values and difficulties in validating low turbidity values suggest that site-specific calibrations should be performed at each investigated location.

Published
2020
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8. The Impossible Sustainability of the Bay of Brest? Fifty Years of Ecosystem Changes, Interdisciplinary Knowledge Construction and Key Questions at the Science-Policy-Community Interface

Author

Olivier Ragueneau, Mélanie Raimonet, Camille Mazé, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Laurent Chauvaud, Anatole Danto, Jacques Grall, Frédéric Jean, Yves-Marie Paulet, and Gérard Thouzeau

Subjects
sustainability, land-ocean continuum, Bay of Brest, interdisciplinarity, science-policy-community interface, Science, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

In this contribution, the study of the Bay of Brest ecosystem changes over the past 50 years is used to explore the construction of interdisciplinary knowledge and raise key questions that now need to be tackled at the science-policy-communities interface. The Bay of Brest is subject to a combination of several aspects of global change, including excessive nutrient inputs from watersheds and the proliferation of invasive species. These perturbations strongly interact, affecting positively or negatively the ecosystem functioning, with important impacts on human activities. We first relate a cascade of events over these five decades, linking farming activities, nitrogen, and silicon biogeochemical cycles, hydrodynamics of the Bay, the proliferation of an exotic benthic suspension feeder, the development of the Great scallop fisheries and the high biodiversity in maerl beds. The cascade leads to today's situation where toxic phytoplankton blooms become recurrent in the Bay, preventing the fishery of the great scallop and forcing the fishermen community to switch pray and alter the maerl habitat and the benthic biodiversity it hosts, despite the many scientific alerts and the protection of this habitat. In the second section, we relate the construction of the interdisciplinary knowledge without which scientists would never have been able to describe these changes in the Bay. Interdisciplinarity construction is described, first among natural sciences (NS) and then, between natural sciences and human and social sciences (HSS). We finally ask key questions at the science-policy interface regarding this unsustainable trend of the Bay: How is this possible, despite decades of joint work between scientists and fishermen? Is adaptive co-management a sufficient condition for a sustainable management of an ecosystem? How do the different groups (i.e., farmers, fishermen, scientists, environmentalists), with their diverse interests, take charge of this situation? What is the role of power in this difficult transformation to sustainability? Combining natural sciences with political science, anthropology, and the political sociology of science, we hope to improve the contribution of HSS to integrated studies of social-ecological systems, creating the conditions to address these key questions at the science-policy interface to facilitate the transformation of the Bay of Brest ecosystem toward sustainability.

Published
2018
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9. Calibrating Hall-Effect valvometers accounting for electromagnetic properties of the sensor and dynamic geometry of the bivalves shell

Author

Jean-Marc Guarini, Luc A. Comeau, and Jennifer Coston-Guarini

Subjects
Physics, Series (mathematics), Magnet, Shell (structure), Hinge, Calibration, Geometry, Sensitivity (control systems), Rotation, Closing (morphology)
Abstract

Hall-Effect valvometry (HES) is being used to describe bivalve valve gape variations and infer environmental perturbations in a variety of aquatic environments. Surprisingly, the published calibrations in ecological literature ignore both the electromagnetic properties of HES and that the valves rotate around their hinge when they move. The high sensitivity of HES suggests these features should be accounted for explicitly to estimate measurement accurately. To address these issues, two calibration functions were developed based on the electromagnetic properties of the HES: one assumes that the HES and magnet are maintained on the same linear axis, and the second model accounts for the geometric properties of the system (i.e. variations of the angle between HES and the magnet during shell rotation). The great scallop (Pecten maximus) was used as biological model because of its large range of valve openings. HES were installed on the flat valve and magnets installed on the opposing rounded valve; 12 individuals of similar size (10 ± 1(SD) cm), were equipped and placed in controlled experimental conditions. A calibration was done for each individual once time series recordings were completed. The variability of parameter estimates was calculated with a bootstrap method. The second model (with rotatation) improves valve gape distance estimates for larger openings despite the decrease of sensor sensitivity. To infer valve gape dynamics, the reciprocal calculation of the calibration function was formalized and applied to the Hall voltage time series. Our analysis suggests that under controlled laboratory conditions, scallops are partially open most of the time (inter-valve distance equalca. 27 mm on average, or 45 % of the average maximum opening distance). Interspersed in this continuous regime, individual scallops performed closing events at a frequency ofca. 2.5 closings per hour. A closing event is a movement that is fast enough relative to the recording frequency (10 Hz) to qualify as discrete. We find that the inversed calibration model without rotation allows negative value estimates, which indicates that this calibration function is incorrect. In contrast, the inversed calibration model with valve rotation around the hinge constrains gape distance values in their domain of definition which automatically excludes sensor readings that produce negative values from estimated gape time series.

Published
2020
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10. Estimating the integrated degradation rates of woody debris at the scale of a Mediterranean coastal catchment

Author

François, Charles, Joseph, Garrigue, Jennifer, Coston-Guarini, and Jean-Marc, Guarini

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Fagus, Environmental Chemistry, Forests, Wood, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Trees
Abstract

Woody debris is found in all habitats of the land-sea continuum. While isolated experimental studies of wood degradation exist, few programs have observed the dynamics of wood degradation, in situ across this gradient. Since 2014, we have been conducting a series of long-term observations of wood decay in three characteristic areas of a Mediterranean Sea coastal watershed: forest leaf litter ('Forest'), river bed ('River') and the near-shore marine environment ('Sea'). The study sites are within the Massane River watershed (France) whose headwaters are in a protected beech tree (Fagus sylvatica) dominated forest. Branch sections from a recently fallen beech tree and standardized blocks of Norway spruce (Picea abies) were installed in all three environments. The proportion of remaining mass and volumetric mass of the individual wood samples were determined periodically over 4.2 years. Regardless of wood type, there were marked differences in the decay dynamics. Mass losses at the Forest and River sites were well-described by continuous negative exponential models. At the Sea site, there was a short latency period followed by rapid degradation for the wood fraction exploited by shipworms; in this case, a Weibull-type function was fitted to the data. Integrated mass loss rates at the coastal location were 6 to 20 times faster than in the other two environments. Our study suggests that the early dynamics of wood degradation in a land-sea meta-ecosystem are dominated by the marine invertebrate community. This means woody debris, once it reaches the sea, is likely to break down rapidly within near shore coastal habitats. These results highlight the need to quantify the mass transport dynamics between local ecosystems.

Published
2022
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11. An inference procedure for behavioural studies combining numerical simulations, statistics and experimental results

Author

Jean-Marc Guarini, Tim Deprez, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Laurent Chauvaud, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Entangled Bank Laboratory (EB Lab), and ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Statistical distance, biology, probability, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, light pollution, Inference, Aquatic Science, microcosms, Hermit crab, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pagurus bernhardus, null distribution, Statistics, Null distribution, Statistical inference, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Crab individual behaviours, Bright light, Mathematics
Abstract

The technical difficulties of performing underwater observation mean that marine ecologists have long relied on behavioural experiments to study reactions of marine organisms. In this article, we examine the underlying complexity of assumptions made in raceway experiments and we propose a statistical inference procedure tailored to this type of experimental protocol. As an example, experiments were performed to test if light of two different intensities affects the proximal behaviour (i.e. direct, local and immediate) of two species of crustaceans, the hermit crab (Pagurus bernhardus), and the green crab (Carcinus maenas). Individuals were collected in the vicinity of the Sven Loven Marine Center in Tjarnö (Sweden). Their movements in raceways were recorded and the statistical distance between the resulting experimental distribution and a simulated null distribution was used to compare their behaviour in two situations: dim (when they were expected to feed) and bright light (when they were expected to shelter). Initial tests indicated no differences of behaviour between dim and bright light for the two species. However, when compared with the reference state (here, a null distribution) the behaviour in dim light deviates significantly from the null distribution suggesting non-random behaviour. Our results suggest that efforts should be made to understand the behaviours of the individuals of these two species to establish a comprehensive reference state as a basis for comparison. This fundamental information should be a prerequisite before implementing experiments testing how potential disturbances affect individual organisms in behavioural ecology.

Published
2017
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12. Acoustic behaviour of male European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) during agonistic encounters

Author

Julien Bonnel, Laurent Chauvaud, Youenn Jézéquel, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Passive acoustics, Physiology, CNRS, Zoology, Aquatic Science, Biology, dominance, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Acoustic communication, Intraspecific competition, sound production, Homarus gammarus, BeBest, Agonistic behaviour, Buzzing sound, Carapace, Molecular Biology, UBO, Dominance, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, mechanisms, american lobster, communication, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Tank, carapace vibrations, biology.organism_classification, sensitivity, urine, Accelerometer, Dominance (ethology), Sound attenuation, Algorithmic complexity, particle motion, Insect Science, DISCOVERY, Animal Science and Zoology, recognition, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Carapace vibration, Acoustic attenuation, High attenuation
Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated that male European lobsters (Homarus gammarus) use chemical and visual signals as a means of intra-specific communication during agonistic encounters. In this study, we show that they also produce buzzing sounds during these encounters. This result was missed in earlier studies because low frequency buzzing sounds are highly attenuated in tanks, and are thus difficult to detect with hydrophones. To address this issue, we designed a behavioural tank experiment with hydrophones, and accelerometers placed on the lobsters to directly detect their carapace vibrations (i.e. the sources of the buzzing sounds). While we found that both dominant and submissive individuals produced carapace vibrations during every agonistic encounter, very few of the associated buzzing sounds (15 %) were recorded by the hydrophones. This difference is explained by their high attenuations in tanks. We then used the method of algorithmic complexity to analyze the carapace vibration sequences as call-and-response signals between dominant and submissive individuals. Even if some intriguing patterns appeared for closely size-matched pairs (< 5 mm carapace length difference), the results of the analysis did not permit to conclude that the processes underlying these sequences could be differentiated from random ones. Thus, such results prevented any conclusion about acoustic communication at this time. This concurs with both the high attenuation of the buzzing sounds during the experiments and the poor understanding of acoustic perception by lobsters. New approaches that circumvent tank acoustic issues are now required to validate the existence of acoustic communication in lobsters.

Published
2020
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13. Propagation distances and sound properties of the antennal rasps produced by spiny lobsters (Palinurus elephas) in European coastal waters

Author

Julien Bonnel, Laurent Chauvaud, Youenn Jézéquel, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), and Acoustical Society of America

Subjects
Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Bioacoustics, Palinurus elephas, Ambient noise level, Linear array, ACTI, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), acoustic noise, 14. Life underwater, Sound (geography), acoustical properties, fish, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Hydrophone, crustaceans, biology.organism_classification, hydrophone, Crustacean, Oceanography, ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Spiny lobster, Geology
Abstract

International audience; Spiny lobsters (Palinurus elephas) have been overfished in European waters, and adult breeders are now scarce. Our recent study highlighted the high acoustic potential of this species, which can emit loud broadband pulse trains, called “antennal rasps,” with peak-to-peak source levels (estimated at 1 m from the source) above 160 dB re 1 μPa² [Jézéquel et al., Marine Ecology Progress Series 615 (2019)]. These acoustic properties imply that these sounds could be detected during in situ passive acoustic monitoring. However, before using a such tool, we need to understand how antennal rasps propagate in situ and at what distance they could be detected above the ambient noise. To answer these questions, we recorded spiny lobster antennal rasps in the Iroise Sea (Brittany, France). We used a linear array of 8 hydrophones, with distances between animals and receivers ranging from 0.5 m to 100 m. We recorded antennal rasps from 38 individuals of various sizes. Our results demonstrate that large spiny lobsters can be detected at 100 m, and that sound properties might be directly influenced by the size of the individuals.

Published
2019
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14. Acoustic behaviour of male European lobsters (

Author

Youenn, Jézéquel, Jennifer, Coston-Guarini, Laurent, Chauvaud, and Julien, Bonnel

Subjects
Animal Communication, Male, Animal Shells, Animals, Acoustics, Vibration, Agonistic Behavior, Nephropidae
Abstract

Previous studies have demonstrated that male European lobsters (

Published
2019

15. Revisiting the bioacoustics of European spiny lobsters Palinurus elephas: comparison of antennal rasps in tanks and in situ

Author

Laurent Chauvaud, Youenn Jézéquel, Julien Bonnel, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Antennal rasp, Passive acoustics, Ecology, biology, Bioacoustics, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Palinurus elephas, Zoology, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Aquatic organisms, Spiny lobsters, Tank reverberation, Palinuridae, Resonant frequencies, 14. Life underwater, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Spiny lobsters (Palinuridae) are capable of emitting sounds called antennal rasps. In the bioacoustics literature, such broadband sounds have mostly been characterized from tank recordings where reverberation and resonant frequencies might strongly distort their features. Hence, in this study, we compared antennal rasps produced by European spiny lobsters Palinurus elephas in both tank and in situ conditions. We found significant differences in all sound features (temporal, intensity and spectral features) between tank and in situ recordings, confirming that antennal rasps-and broadband sounds generally -cannot be accurately characterized in tanks if sound reverberation is ignored. In recordings of antennal rasps made in situ, we show that the main acoustic power is located in the low frequency band (below 1 kHz), which was missed by all earlier studies done in tanks where such low frequencies cannot be properly measured. The hearing capacities of crustaceans suggest roles for intra-specific communication of these sounds, and their high levels indicate they could be heard above noise. Indeed, we outline that antennal rasps are among the loudest sounds known in the marine animal kingdom, with peak-to-peak sound pressure levels (calculated at 20 cm from the source) above 175.7 dB re 1 mu Pa-2, and peak-to-peak source levels (estimated at 1 m from the source) ranging from 154.2 to 160.6 dB re 1 mu Pa-2. These acoustic properties imply they could be detected in situ during passive acoustic monitoring. This study also highlights the importance of using appropriate measurement methods when characterizing sounds produced by marine invertebrates.

Published
2019
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16. Wood decay at sea

Author

Sandrine Fanfard, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, François Charles, Jean-Marc Guarini, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Watershed, Shipworms, Driftwood, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Coarse woody debris, Mediterranean sea, Mediterranean Sea, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Riparian zone, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, biology.organism_classification, Decay dynamics, Shipworm, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology
Abstract

International audience; The oceans and seas receive coarse woody debris since the Devonian, but the kinetics of wood degradation remains one of many unanswered questions about the fate of driftwood in the marine environment. A simple gravimetric experiment was carried out at a monitoring station located at the exit of a steep, forested Mediterranean watershed in the Eastern Pyrenees. The objective was to describe and quantify, with standardized logs (in shape, structure and constitution), natural degradation of wood in the sea. Results show that the mass decrease of wood logs over time can be described by a sigmoidal curve. The primary process of wood decay observed at the monitoring station was due to the arrival and installation of wood-boring species that consumed more than half of the total wood mass in six months. Surprisingly, in a region where there is little remaining wood marine infrastructure, “shipworms”, i.e. xylophagous bivalves, are responsible for an important part of this wood decay. This suggests that these communities are maintained probably by a frequent supply of a large quantity of riparian wood entering the marine environment adjacent to the watershed. By exploring this direct link between terrestrial and marine ecosystems, our long term objective is to determine how these supplies of terrestrial organic carbon can sustain wood-based marine communities as it is observed in the Mediterranean Sea.

Published
2016
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17. Combinedin situexperimentation and modelling approaches to disentangle processes involved in the earliest stage of community assembly

Author

Christian Nozais, J.-M. Guarini, François Charles, Sandrine Fanfard, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
Colonization, 0106 biological sciences, predators, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Predation, Ecological succession, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Experiment, Community ecology, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, media_common, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Community, ACL, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, sediments, Species diversity, dynamics, microcosm, Stochastic model, Animal ecology, food webs, species-diversity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, complexity, Microcosm, competition
Abstract

00000 ăWOS:000388003500012; International audience; The ecological process of community assembly is described as the succession of three phases: colonization, regulation and segregation. Early colonization remains the least studied and quantified phase of assembly. In order to fill this gap, an approach combining in situ experiments and modelling was proposed to study colonization by a benthic macrofauna community in open microcosms containing a single, non-limiting resource. The experiment was three months long. A total of 51 taxa were observed in the microcosms, but data analyses of the species composition and abundances revealed that five species, Capitella spp., Gammaropsis maculata, Erichtionus punctatus, Nereiphylla paretti and Harmothoe mariannae, explained most of the observed variation in the assembly process. The population dynamics of these species were simulated taking into account functional traits that govern individual interactions. The dynamic model simulated a demographic stochasticity due to low population densities that result from the small size of the experimental microcosms. Using this combined approach of experiments and modelling, we showed that predation interactions alone can account for the abundances and species composition of primary consumers during the transient phase of early colonization.

Published
2016
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18. Dealing with impact. An interdisciplinary, multi-site ethnography of Environmental Impact Assessment in the coastal zone

Author

Olivier Ragueneau, Camille Mazé, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Adrien Lambrechts, Anatole Danto, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biotope [Mèze], MITI CNRS, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Boundary object, knowledge, ApoliMer, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, interest, Saint-Pierre and Miquelon, Public policy, Context (language use), LTSER, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 12. Responsible consumption, lcsh:Social Sciences, Appropriation, 11. Sustainability, Environmental impact assessment, 14. Life underwater, Decision-making, Architecture, savoir, lcsh:Science, zone côtière, ACLN, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, processus de décision, decision-making process, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon, business.industry, Environmental resource management, General Social Sciences, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, intérêts, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, 010601 ecology, lcsh:H, Geography, 13. Climate action, Sustainable management, impact, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, coastal zone, lcsh:Q, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, business
Abstract

International audience; The SPA (“Savoir, Pouvoir, Avoir”) project (CNRS, 2017-2019) presented in this article focuses on the ways French society deals with the issue of environmental impact – from the vast question of impact in the context of global change and the issue of the measurement of impact in science, to the specific case of the public policy instrument known as “environmental impact assessment”. Impact is considered as a boundary object at the intersection of several fields of inquiry which captures both the architecture and the dynamics of relationships between “savoir” (scientific and lay knowledge), “pouvoir” (power and decision) and “avoir” (economy/appropriation), that aggregate different interests around the sustainable management of coastal socio-ecological systems. Three sites were selected along a north-south gradient of Long-Term Ecological Research sites: the Bay of Brest and the Iroise Sea, the National Nature Reserve of the French islands in the Southern Ocean and the overseas collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon. The approach of the SPA project is to link concretely social sciences, natural sciences and engineering sciences on these study sites, in an interdisciplinary, multi-site and multi-scale methodology that makes it possible to reveal the conditions for the possible – or impossible – implementation of sustainable management of coastal socio-ecological systems.; Le projet SPA (Savoir, Pouvoir, Avoir) (CNRS, 2017-2019) présenté dans cet article se concentre sur la manière dont la société française aborde la question de lʼimpact environnemental – de son évaluation et sa mesure à son traitement. Le processus réglementaire de lʼ « étude dʼimpact environnemental » qui consiste en lʼanalyse préalable des impacts potentiels prévisibles dʼune activité donnée sur lʼenvironnement est donc placé ici au cœur de nos préoccupations dans ce projet qui considère lʼimpact comme un objet frontière, à lʼintersection de plusieurs champs, permettant de saisir lʼarchitecture et la dynamique des relations entre savoir (savoir scientifique et profane), pouvoir (pouvoir et décision) et avoir (économie/appropriation). Pour ce faire, nous proposons de saisir les différents intérêts qui sʼagrègent autour de la gestion durable des socio-écosystèmes côtiers. Trois sites ont été choisis selon un gradient nord-sud dans des sites de recherche écologique à long terme : la rade de Brest et la mer dʼIroise, la réserve naturelle nationale des îles françaises de lʼocéan Austral et la collectivité dʼoutre-mer de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Lʼapproche du projet SPA consiste à lier concrètement les sciences sociales, les sciences naturelles et les sciences de lʼingénieur sur ces sites dʼétude, dans une approche interdisciplinaire multi-sites et multi-échelles qui permet de mettre au jour les conditions de possibilité (ou dʼimpossibilité) de mise en œuvre dʼune gestion soutenable des socio-écosystèmes côtiers.

Published
2018
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19. Buzzing sounds used as a mean of intra-specific interaction during agonistic encounters in male European lobsters (Homarus gammarus)?

Author

Julien Bonnel, Jean-Marc Guarini, Laurent Chauvaud, Youenn Jézéquel, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
Passive acoustics, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Bioacoustics, 01 natural sciences, Marine species, ACTI, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ethogram, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Homarus gammarus, Gammarus, 0103 physical sciences, Agonistic behaviour, 14. Life underwater, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, 010301 acoustics, Communication, biology, business.industry, biology.organism_classification, Crustacean, Crustaceans, Dominance (ethology), Fish, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business
Abstract

International audience; Passive acoustics is a useful non-invasive tool to collect behavioral information in marine species. This is the case for temperate crustaceans which are known to emit a large variety of sounds through diverse mechanisms. But despite numerous studies in tanks, little is known about their ecological meaning, particularly for decapods of high commercial interest. When stressed by handling, the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) vibrates its carapace and produces low frequency “buzzing sounds” that can be characterized in tanks. In this presentation, we discuss a straightforward experimental approach to investigating the role of these buzzing sounds in male European lobsters by combining passive acoustics and behavioral analysis (video and accelerometry). We recorded sound and video simultaneously during agonistic encounters. Based on the video, an ethogram was created with a total of 30 behaviors regrouped by agonistic levels. During agonistic encounters, European lobsters emitted buzzing sounds in association with stressful events such as claw grasping or tail flipping. Our results suggest that these sounds may be used by H. gammarus to maintain dominance around its shelter.

Published
2018
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20. It’s what’s inside that counts: computer-aided tomography for evaluating the rate and extent of wood consumption by shipworms

Author

François Charles, François Lantoine, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Jean-Marc Guarini, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, CT scan, animal structures, Shipworms, Biodiversity, complex mixtures, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Modelling, Biomaterials, Nototeredo norvagica, Coarse woody debris, Foothills, 14. Life underwater, Computer aided tomography, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, Ct analysis, Species diversity, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Wood destruction, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Teredinidae
Abstract

International audience; Experiments were done to investigate in situ colonization of pine wood blocks by marine wood borers at the mouth of a small mountain river in the foothills of the Eastern Pyrenees. Standardized blocks were recovered after remaining underwater for increasingly long durations, until the available resource was exhausted by the shipworms assemblage that developed. Computer-aided tomography (CT) was used for visualizing and quantifying biogenic structures into the wooden blocks. The biodiversity survey of the wood pieces colonized indicated that up to three species of shipworms shared the resource at the same time. The specific wood consumption rate of Nototeredo norvagica was estimated 185 mm 3 ind −1 day −1. The quantification of voids created by shipworm crowding indicated that total tunnelling represents, on average, 60% of the initial volume of a wood block, revising upward earlier estimates of wood destruction by 28%. CT analysis provides the quantitative measurements necessary to parameterize individual-based growth models linking wood consumption with the species diversity of shipworm assemblages.

Published
2018
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21. A new probabilistic approach to estimating marine gastropod densities from baited traps

Author

Frederike Ricarda Boehm, Karim Erzini, Jean-Marc Guarini, Laurent Chauvaud, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, François Charles, Tim Deprez, Thomas R. H. Kerkhove, Frances Camille Rivera, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), AWI Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), University of Algarve [Portugal], Centre of Marine Sciences [Faro] (CCMAR), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), European Project: EMBC+, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, sea, predator-prey interactions, Muricidae, Population, depletion experiments, Aquatic Science, Crete Island, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, Hexaplex trunculus, buccinum-undatum, ground line, purple, 14. Life underwater, education, population density, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Invertebrate, education.field_of_study, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, area, successive capture, biology.organism_classification, invertebrates, Tyrian purple, muricidae, Seagrass, Oceanography, Habitat, per-unit-effort, Environmental science, stochastic modelling, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; A new probabilistic approach is proposed to assess muricid species population abundances at scales relevant to both Ancient and Modern coastal fisheries. Motivated by the long-term goal of reconstructing the dynamics of exploited murex populations during Antiquity, the objective was to estimate the population density of the banded dye-murex, Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) from successive captures with baited traps, using a method similar to the technique employed in the Mediterranean purple dye industry. The stochastic model developed simulates cumulative captures while accounting for high variability. It was calibrated with data acquired during a field trapping experiment (Crete Island, Greece). Traps' catchability and Effective Area of Attraction (EAA) were estimated using the individual speed and behavioural response towards bait from laboratory experiments. Average density of H.trunculus was estimated as 2.2 +/- 1.4SE individuals per square metre, with no significant differences between seagrass and rocky habitats. The clearing time of successive capture experiments averaged 84 +/- 6SE hr. Clearing ca. 0.4ha of subtidal area would be necessary to produce ca. 1.0g of pure Tyrian purple pigment. The method described is generalizable to making population abundance estimates for similar groups, such as whelks, in modern fisheries.

Published
2018
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22. Sound characterization of the European lobster Homarus gammarus in tanks

Author

Laurent Chauvaud, Youenn Jézéquel, Jean-Marc Guarini, Julien Bonnel, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Reverberation, Passive acoustics, Rattle, Bioacoustics, QH301-705.5, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], acoustic behavior, cuticular sense-organs, Spectral analysis, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Homarus gammarus, panulirus-interruptus, Gammarus, Buzzing sound, European lobster, 14. Life underwater, vulgaris crustacea, Biology (General), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Sound (geography), [SPI.ACOU]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Acoustics [physics.class-ph], geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, biology, american lobster, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, ACL, American lobster, carapace vibrations, biology.organism_classification, sensitivity, Crustacean, Palinurus, QR1-502, Fishery, particle motion, responses, Tanks, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, hemisquilla-californiensis
Abstract

International audience; Experiments in marine behavioural ecology rely heavily on observations made in tanks. However, when studying acoustic behaviours of marine animals in confined volumes, the effects of reverberation must be characterized, something that has been overlooked in parts of the marine ecology literature. In this study, we characterized reverberation in tanks using an artificial sound source and examined the implications for bioacoustic studies using sounds emitted by the European lobster Homarus gammarus during feeding and in response to stress. Broadband and transient sounds commonly produced by crustaceans were severely impacted by reverberation such that their spectral characteristics and pulse width durations could not be assessed. In contrast, lowfrequency sounds could be characterized in tanks, but not their source level. Based on these observations, we describe a simple methodology to identify which sound characteristics can be measured in tanks. When feeding, the lobsters produced broadband and transient sounds called 'rattles', similar to sounds reported for tropical spiny lobsters Palinurus longipes and P. argus. When stressed, H. gammarus vibrated its carapace, producing a low-frequency sound analogous to the 'buzzing' sound of the American lobster H. americanus. The potential role of species-specific sound is discussed; however, although our observations represent the first bioacoustic characterization of H. gammarus, additional behavioural studies are necessary to understand their ecological meaning.

Published
2018
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23. The impossible sustainability of the Bay of Brest? 40 years of ecosystem evolution, interdisciplinary knowledge construction and key questions at the science-policy-communities interface

Author

Olivier Ragueneau, Mélanie Raimonet, Camille Mazé, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Anatole Danto, Laurent Chauvaud, Jacques Grall, Frédéric Jean, Yves-Marie Paulet, GERARD THOUZEAU, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Milieux Environnementaux, Transferts et Interactions dans les hydrosystèmes et les Sols (METIS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (CRBC Brest), Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (CRBC), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre de Recherches sur l'Action Politique en Europe (ARENES), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO), LabEx MER, CNRS, RZA, LTER-France - Zones Ateliers Network & Critical Zone Observatories, ANR-13-JCLI-0006,ARTISTICC,Recherche sur l'adaptation, une communauté transnationale et transdisciplinaire approche centrée sur la politique(2013), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois des Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IBSHS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Rennes-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre de recherche bretonne et celtique (CRBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
[SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Interdisciplinarity, Savoirs, [SHS.ANTHRO-SE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Social Anthropology and ethnology, Social sciences of politics, Soutenabilité, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Sciences sociales du politiques, [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, Knowledge, Sustainability, Power, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Interdisciplinarité, Pouvoir, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; In this contribution, the evolution of the Bay of Brest ecosystem over the past 50 years is used to explore the construction of interdisciplinary knowledge and raise key questions that now need to be tackled at the science-policy-communities interface. The Bay of Brest is subject to a combination of several aspects of global change, including excessive nutrient inputs from watersheds and the proliferation of invasive species. These perturbations strongly interact, affecting positively or negatively the ecosystem functioning, with important impacts on human activities. We first relate a cascade of events over these five decades, linking farming activities, N and Si biogeochemical cycles, the proliferation of an exotic benthic suspension feeder, the Great scallop fishing and biodiversity in maerl beds. This cascade leads to today’s situation where toxic phytoplankton blooms become recurrent in the Bay, preventing the fishery of the great scallop and leading the fishermen community to switchpray and alter the maerl habitat and the benthic biodiversity it hosts, despite the many scientific alerts and the protection of this habitat, How is this possible despite decades of joint work between scientists and fishermen? Is adaptive co-management a sufficient condition for a sustainable management of an ecosystem? How do the different groups (farmers, fishermen, scientists, environmentalists…), with their diverse interests, take charge of this situation? What is the role of power in this difficult transformation to sustainability? Answering these questions requires an interdisciplinary approach, especially between natural sciences (NS) and human and social sciences (HSS). Here, we first show the importance of geographical proximity in the build-up of this interdisciplinary knowledge, first among biogeochemists and benthic biologists by the time the IUEM institute was built in the late 1990’s. We also confirm the importance of this proximity and the need for the establishment of boundary settings that allow for the crucially needed long-term interactions between the NS and HSS communities. Thecreation of the research group ApoliMer (for a political anthropology of the sea) in 2014 and the creation of a new axis on social-ecological systems (SES) within the LabexMer in 2015, are such examples of these boundary settings created recently. Combining natural sciences with political science, anthropology and the political sociology of science, we hope to improve the contribution of HSS to SES studies, creating the conditions to address these key questions at the science-policy interface. The ZABrI created in 2012 provides an ideal setting for inter- and trans-disciplinary studies through tight work with various stakeholders, hopefully improving the transformation towards sustainability.

Published
2017

24. Estimating Muricid abundances from trapping methods used in Mediterranean Tyrian Purple industry

Author

Thomas R. H. Kerkhove, Jean-Marc Guarini, Tim Deprez, Laurent Chauvaud, François Charles, Frederike Ricarda Boehm, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Frances Camille Rivera, and Karim Erzini

Subjects
Mediterranean climate, education.field_of_study, biology, Ecology, Field experiment, Population, Sampling (statistics), Context (language use), biology.organism_classification, Population density, Oceanography, Habitat, Environmental science, Hexaplex trunculus, education
Abstract

A new statistical method based on a stochastic dynamic model is proposed to assess population abundances of murcid species at scales relevant to both Ancient and Modern artisanal, coastal fisheries. Motivated by the long-term goal of reconstructing the dynamics of exploited murex populations during Antiquity, the objective was to quantify the population density of the banded-dye murex, Hexaplex trunculus (Linnaeus, 1758) from successive captures with baited traps, using a method similar to the technique employed in the Mediterranean purple dye industry. A stochastic model simulating cumulative captures while taking into account high variability was developed and calibrated with data acquired during a field experiment conducted on Crete Island, near Heraklion. Sampling devices were deployed in two shallow water habitats. The traps’ catchability and the Effective Area of Attraction were estimated using the individual speed and behavioural response toward the bait observed during independent laboratory experiments. The average density of H. trunculus was estimated at 2.2 ± 1.4 SE individuals per square meter, with no significant differences between seagrass and rocky habitats, respectively. The clearing time (the time to catch all individuals within reach of the trap) of the successive experiments was 84 ± 6 SE hours, on average. This means that clearing ca. 0.4 ha of subtidal area would be necessary to produce ca. 1.0 g of pure dye pigment. While the method is discussed here with respect to a particular historical context, it is generalizable to making population abundance estimates for other species such as whelks, in modern fisheries.

Published
2017
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25. Ecogeochemical fate of coarse organic particles in sediments of the Rhône River prodelta

Author

Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Jean-Marc Guarini, Mustafa Yücel, François Charles, and François Lantoine

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Hydrology, Total organic carbon, Biogeochemical cycle, Sulfide, Biogeochemistry, Sediment, Mineralization (soil science), Aquatic Science, Plant litter, Oceanography, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Organic matter, Geology
Abstract

Coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) represents a small portion of the inner shelf sediments but occurs across all river outlets. To consider the ecogeochemical fate of CPOM in such an environment, we examined both the infauna community and secondary evidence of geochemical reactions preserved in the surface sediments of the Rhone prodelta. ICP-AES, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry of the CPOM showed that the fate of organic matter in this environment is driven by sulphate reduction and geochemical reactions resulting from the precipitation of sulfide due to the presence of large amounts of iron-bearing minerals. Leaf litter debris contained such high quantities of iron that after dry ashing the remaining material is easily attracted by a magnet. The observed geochemical trade-off was proposed as a mechanism that helps to maintain a bioturbating animal community that in turn contributes to the mineralization of organic matter within this suboxic environment. This study showed that the accumulation of refractory organic carbon in sediments was intimately associated with the sequestering of iron and sulphur by providing a nucleation point for mineral deposition and also that the extent of decomposition of the organic materials did not necessarily increase progressively from coarser to finer particles.

Published
2014
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26. A roadmap for a quantitative ecosystem-based environmental impact assessment

Author

Jeff Wilson, Jean-Marc Guarini, Laurent Chauvaud, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Shawn Hinz, Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Brest (UBO), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
alaska, Computer science, 020209 energy, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Aquatic Science, socio-ecological system, Oceanography, oil, 01 natural sciences, modelling, Ecosystem model, 11. Sustainability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Environmental impact assessment, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, ecosystem, education.field_of_study, Generality, Ecology, environmental impact assessment, ACL, thresholds, Cumulative effects, drivers of change, stability, ocean, Interdependence, Identification (information), eia, Risk analysis (engineering), 13. Climate action, fisheries, Socio-ecological system, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, management
Abstract

A new roadmap for quantitative methodologies of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is proposed, using an ecosystem-based approach. EIA recommendations are currently based on case-by-case rankings, distant from statistical methodologies, and ecological ideas that lack proof of generality or predictive capacities. These qualitative approaches ignore process dynamics, scales of variations and interdependencies and are unable to address societal demands to link socio-economic and ecological processes (e.g. population dynamics). We propose to re-focus EIA around the systemic formulation of interactions between organisms (organized in populations and communities) and their environments but inserted within a strict statistical framework. A systemic formulation allows scenarios to be built that simulate impacts on chosen receptors. To illustrate the approach, we design a minimum ecosystem model that demonstrates nontrivial effects and complex responses to environmental changes and validated with case study. We suggest that an Ecosystem-Based EIA—in which the socio-economic system is an evolving driver of the ecological one—is more promising than a socio-economic-ecological system where all variables are treated as equal. This refocuses the debate on cause-and-effect, processes, identification of essential portable variables, and allows for quantitative comparisons between projects, which is critical in cumulative effects determinations.

Published
2017
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27. System-Based Assessments-Improving the Confidence in the EIA Process

Author

Jean-Marc Guarini, Shawn Hinz, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Camille Mazé, Jeff Wilson, Laurent Chauvaud, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
COUNTRIES, Technology and Engineering, baseline survey, Standardization, Computer science, Process (engineering), 0211 other engineering and technologies, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, environmental impact assessment, ecosystem modeling, hydrodynamic modeling, ecosystem-based environmental assessment, environmental sensing technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Ecosystem model, Economic cost, 11. Sustainability, Environmental impact assessment, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, NIGERIA, Baseline (configuration management), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Sustainable development, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Biology and Life Sciences, 021107 urban & regional planning, ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT ASSESSMENT, SCIENCE, FRAMEWORK, Risk analysis (engineering), 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

WOS:000419146600029; International audience; This viewpoint article examines Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practices in developed and transitioning nations, identifies weaknesses, and proposes a new quantitative approach. The literature indicates that there exists little to no standardization in EIA practice, transitioning nations rely on weak scientific impact analyses, and the establishment of baseline conditions is generally missing. The more fundamental issue is that the "receptor"- based approach leads to a qualitative and subjective EIA, as it does not adequately integrate the full measure of the complexity of ecosystems, ongoing project risks, and cumulative impacts. We propose the application of a new framework that aims to ensure full life cycle assessment of impacts applicable to any EIA process, within any jurisdictional context. System-Based EIA (SBEIA) is based on modeling to predict changes and rests on data analysis with a statistically rigorous approach to assess impacts. This global approach uses technologies and methodologies that are typically applied to characterize ecosystem structure and functioning, including remote sensing, modeling, and in situ monitoring. The aim of this approach is to provide a method that can produce quantifiable reproducible values of impact and risk and move EIA towards its substantive goal of sustainable development. The adoption of this approach would provide a better evaluation of economic costs and benefits for all stakeholders.

Published
2017
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28. Organic matter characterization and distribution in sediments of the terminal lobes of the Congo deep-sea fan: Evidence for the direct influence of the Congo River

Author

Christophe Rabouille, Karine Charlier, Philippe Martinez, Bernard Dennielou, Audrey M. Pruski, Elsa Stetten, Johann Schnyder, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, François Baudin, Jean-Louis Reyss, Institut des Sciences de la Terre de Paris (iSTeP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), ANR-11-BS56-0030,CONGOLOBE,Transfert de carbone organique et fonctionnement des écosystèmes dans les lobes terminaux de l'éventail sous-marin du Congo(2011), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Géosciences Marines (GM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Turbidity current, Terrestrial organic matter, Submarine canyon, Oceanography, Deep sea, Geochemistry and Petrology, River mouth, Organic matter, Recent lobe complex, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, chemistry.chemical_classification, Total organic carbon, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Congo River, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Continental shelf, ACL, Turbiditic system, Geology, 15. Life on land, Preservation, Palynofacies, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience; The terminal lobe complex of the Congo River submarine fan sits on the abyssal Atlantic plain, at 5000 m water depth, 760 km offshore from the river mouth estuarine area. While most rivers deliver particulate material to the continental shelf, particulate matter from the Congo River largely bypasses the shelf and is transported by turbidity currents through the Congo submarine canyon system. We determined the quantity and quality of the organic matter reaching the terminal lobe complex at five sites with marked morphological differences that may influence the distribution of organic matter. A suite of bulk geochemical (% OC, δ13Corg, δ15N, C: N), 137Cs and palynofacies analyses were done on cores collected from the terminal lobe area. These results were also compared to the composition of sediments collected upstream at the Malebo Pool (Congo River).Distal lobe complex sediments contain high amounts of terrestrial organic carbon (3–5 wt.%) that is homogeneously distributed in surficial (22 cm) and deeper sediments (580 cm) silty–clay facies. Strongly altered soil-derived organic matter with well-preserved land plant detritus from the Congo River predominates. A terrestrial soil origin for the particulate load was confirmed by the elevated 137Cs activity in lobe sediments. The vertical distribution of the 137Cs signal suggests that there has been a massive arrival of terrestrial sediments since 1963, consistent with a turbiditic origin. From the locations surveyed, we estimate a maximum accumulation of terrestrial organic carbon of ca. 1 kg OC m− 2 y− 1 for the distal lobe. However, transport modifies the organic matter both in terms of quantity and quality. Observed differences were attributed to preferential degradation of nitrogenous matter during diagenesis and to the addition of highly remineralized marine organic matter.Results from our temporal reference site (E) suggest that organic matter may be preserved in turbidite facies for thousands of years. The good preservation state of the accumulated organic matter shows that turbiditic lobe complexes should be considered as a sink for terrestrial organic carbon in the deep ocean.

Published
2015
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29. Biogeochemistry of fatty acids in a river-dominated Mediterranean ecosystem (Rhône River prodelta, Gulf of Lions, France): Origins and diagenesis

Author

Gilles Vétion, Christophe Rabouille, Roselyne Buscail, Audrey M. Pruski, Solveig Bourgeois, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Fatty acid degradation, 01 natural sciences, Sedimentary depositional environment, chemistry.chemical_compound, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Redox condition, Rhône River, Mediterranean Sea, Organic matter, 14. Life underwater, Early diagenesis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, chemistry.chemical_classification, Total organic carbon, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fatty acid, Sediment, Biogeochemistry, 15. Life on land, Ocean margin, 6. Clean water, Diagenesis, Oceanography, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Lipid biogeochemistry, Geology, Fatty acid biomarkers
Abstract

International audience; Major rivers transfer high loads of continental particulate organic matter to deltaic environments, where the impact on the biogeochemistry and productivity of coastal sediments depends on the sources and lability of these inputs. Our aims are to provide new insights into the reactivity of riverine inputs in coastal environments and to delineate the parameters controlling their fate in these dynamic systems. Sediment cores were collected from a Mediterranean deltaic system (the Rhône prodelta and its adjacent shelf) during a period of moderate river discharge (Spring 2007) and analyzed for their fatty acid composition. Sediment properties were also described using biochemical bulk analyses (organic carbon and lipids), granulometry and profiles of redox potential. Based on the bulk compositional changes and hierarchical clustering of the fatty acid biomarkers, we determined the principal sources of organic matter and their spatial distribution. Fatty acids were primarily of continental origin in the prodelta, shifting to a higher contribution from marine sources in the shelf area. Fatty acids derived from both continental and marine sources were efficiently degraded in the sediments by microbial decay processes in the upper oxic layer. Degradation rate constants calculated from the down-core decreases in concentrations indicate that fatty acid degradation was enhanced in sediments influenced by the Rhône River. The most important parameters affecting fatty acid preservation were the inherent stability of individual molecular components and their physical association with mineral matrices, the source and freshness of the inputs, and the depositional environment (redox condition, accumulation rates).

Published
2015
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30. Ecodynamics of PAHs at a peri-urban site of the French Mediterranean Sea

Author

Béatrice Rivière, Gilles Vétion, François Charles, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Christian Nozais, Audrey M. Pruski, Laurence Méjanelle, Solveig Bourgeois, Laboratoire d'océanographie biologique de Banyuls (LOBB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Geologic Sediments, Food Chain, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 010501 environmental sciences, Toxicology, 01 natural sciences, Food chain, Mediterranean sea, Mediterranean Sea, Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Amino Acids, Cities, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Persistent organic pollutant, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Fatty Acids, General Medicine, Contamination, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Models, Chemical, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, Environmental chemistry, Sediment trap, Environmental science, France, Seasons, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The PAH contamination level and biochemical composition of sinking particles and surficial sediments (0-0.5 cm layer) were assessed at a rural coastal site in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. Surficial sediment contamination (≈20 ng g(-1)) was considerably lower than at other Mediterranean sites, yet particles collected in sediment traps had 6-8 times more PAH. Contaminated particles were mostly marine in origin. Temporal variation of contamination levels correlated with organic content of the particles, but some of the observed variability could be attributed to seasonal changes in pyrolytic PAH production. Sinking organic particles were potentially as readily digestible as surficial sediments for prospective consumers however, transfer of PAHs along the benthic food chain is probably enhanced because of the particles' higher nutritional value.

Published
2012
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31. Seasonal variations in ectotherm growth rates: Quantifying growth as an intermittent non steady state compensatory process

Author

James E. Cloern, Laurent Chauvaud, Yann Patry, Jean-Marc Guarini, Jacques Clavier, Jennifer Coston-Guarini, Laboratoire d'Ecogéochimie des environnements benthiques (LECOB), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), US Geological Survey [Menlo Park], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Steady state (electronics), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Forcing (mathematics), Aquatic Science, Biology, Oceanography, biology.organism_classification, Growth dynamic, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Daily growth rate, Ectotherm, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Dormancy, Pecten maximus, Population growth, Compensatory growth (organism), Growth rate, Compensatory growth, Ectotherms, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

International audience; Generally, growth rates of living organisms are considered to be at steady state, varying only under environmental forcing factors. For example, these rates may be described as a function of light for plants or organic food resources for animals and these could be regulated (or not) by temperature or other conditions. But, what are the consequences for an individual's growth (and also for the population growth) if growth rate variations are themselves dynamic and not steady state? For organisms presenting phases of dormancy or long periods of stress, this is a crucial question. A dynamic perspective for quantifying short-term growth was explored using the daily growth record of the scallop Pecten maximus (L.). This species is a good biological model for ectotherm growth because the shell records growth striae daily. Independently, a generic mathematical function representing the dynamics of mean daily growth rate (MDGR) was implemented to simulate a diverse set of growth patterns. Once the function was calibrated with the striae patterns, the growth rate dynamics appeared as a forced damped oscillation during the growth period having a basic periodicity during two transitory phases (mean duration 43 days) and appearing at both growth start and growth end. This phase is most likely due to the internal dynamics of energy transfer within the organism rather than to external forcing factors. After growth restart, the transitory regime represents successive phases of over-growth and regulation. This pattern corresponds to a typical representation of compensatory growth, which from an evolutionary perspective can be interpreted as an adaptive strategy to coping with a fluctuating environment.

Published
2011
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