Search

Between 2005 and 2017 yielded fertile ground for research studies and articles about transformative learning and the arts within the field of adult education. The main questions this article seeks to answer are: What art forms are being used for transformative learning, how are they being used, and with what effect? The article begins by establishing the rationale for Artistic Ways of Knowing and gives a brief summary of the topic. The remainder of the article focuses on transformative learning and is organized around a variety of artistic categories. The conclusion includes critical reflections and suggestions for further applications of this topic, through research, programs, and policy. The overall goal for this literature review is to serve as a foundational source, to gather the research on this topic together, and to provide a springboard for future research in this area.

With the increase in the new development of paper electronics, there is a great demand for paper-compatible and reliable electrical joining techniques. In this work, we particularly addressed the interconnecting of multilayers of paper-based magneto-electronics. We deployed three room-temperature electrical joining techniques: (i) through-paper via, (ii) mechanical caulking, and (iii) collapsible daisy chain to fabricate an anisotropic magnetoresistive five-layer thin film sensor stack for planar rotary motion sensing. We studied the interplay between the electrical joining technique and the sensor characteristics such as magnetoresistive sensitivity and asymmetries in the sensor signal within the magnetic field strength domain. Despite process complexity and the precision limitations of manual machining and positioning, deployed in this work, the sensor stacks prepared by the through-paper via technique exhibited the closest uniformity in the magnetization planes across the stack, and hence the highest cumulative magnetoresistive sensitivity and lowest unfavorable asymmetries. Last, using peeling tests, we verified the mechanical reliability of the interconnects prepared by the through-paper via and collapsible daisy chain techniques.

BACKGROUND: Quality indicators in transfusion medicine are necessary for patient safety and customer satisfaction. The turnaround time (TAT) of issuing red blood cells (RBCs) has emerged as a quality indicator but is not an established benchmark. We examined the TAT for issuing RBCs from the blood bank to the operating rooms (ORs) at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) and Stanford University Medical Center (SUMC). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: TAT was defined from time of request to when RBCs exited the blood bank. Cases eligible for analysis had completed type-and-screen results with requests for four or fewer RBC units. Patients with a positive antibody screen had serologically crossmatched units prepared and reserved for intraoperative use. We also e-mailed surveys to academic institutions to establish the current state of TAT monitoring and to anesthesiologists at VUMC to gauge the TAT expectations of the OR. RESULTS: The mean TATs at the two institutions were comparable (VUMC, 10 ± 3.8 min; SUMC, 14 ± 7.2 min) for orders of RBCs. The most common reasons for delayed TAT were overlapping orders, medical technologists occupied by phone calls, and oversaturation of pneumatic tube stations. Only 3 of 24 surveyed institutions actively monitored RBC TAT. Surveyed anesthesiologists (n = 7) reported an expectation for RBC TAT of 5 to 15 minutes for urgent cases. Established internal TAT policies were 15 and 20 minutes at VUMC and SUMC, respectively, for crossmatched RBC requests for patients with complete diagnostic testing. CONCLUSION: Many of the surveyed institutions do not monitor stat RBC issue TAT as a quality indicator. This study serves as a starting point for establishing a benchmark for TAT for issuing RBCs from the blood bank to ORs.