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2. Identifying and Isolating Meiotic Mutants in a Polyploid Brassica Crop

Author

Pfalz, Marina, primary, Gonzalo, Adrián, additional, Christophorou, Nicolas, additional, Blary, Aurélien, additional, Berard, Aurélie, additional, Bessoltane, Nadia, additional, Montes, Emilie, additional, Jaffrelo, Lydia, additional, Poncet, Charles, additional, Le Paslier, Marie-Christine, additional, Nesi, Nathalie, additional, Charif, Delphine, additional, and Jenczewski, Eric, additional

Published
2019
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13. Meiotic Gene Evolution: Can You Teach a New Dog New Tricks?

Author

Lloyd, Andrew H., Ranoux, Marion, Vautrin, Sonia, Glover, Natasha, Fourment, Joelle, Charif, Delphine, Choulet, Frederic, Lassalle, Gilles, Marande, William, Tran, Joseph, Granier, Fabienne, Pingault, Lise, Remay, Arnaud, Marquis, Catherine, Belcram, Harry, Chalhoub, Boulos, Feuillet, Catherine, Bergès, Hélène, Sourdille, Pierre, and Jenczewski, Eric

Published
2014
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17. Une autre vision de la sélection variétale

Author

Sourdille, Pierre, Jenczewski, Eric, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), and AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, variété, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], sélection, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, génétique
Abstract

National audience; Les derniers acquis de la recherche sur les mécanismes de la recombinaison génétique, lors de la méiose, ouvrent de nouvelles voies de sélection des caractères d’intérêts chez les plantes cultivées.

Published
2020

19. Homeologous recombination plays a major role in chromosome rearrangements that occur during meiosis of Brassica napus haploids

Author

Nicolas, Stephane D., Le Mignon, Guillaume, Eber, Frederique, Coriton, Olivier, Monod, Herve, Clouet, Vanessa, Huteau, Virginie, Lostanlen, Antoine, Delourme, Regine, Chalhoub, Boulos, Ryder, Carol D., Chevre, Anne Marie, and Jenczewski, Eric

Subjects
Haploidy -- Research, Rape (Plant) -- Genetic aspects, Meiosis -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Chromosomal rearrangements can be triggered by recombination between distinct but related regions. Brassica napus (AACC; 2n = 38) is a recent allopolyploid species whose progenitor genomes are widely replicated. In this article, we analyze the extent to which chromosomal rearrangements originate from homeologous recombination during meiosis of haploid B. napus (n = 19) by genotyping progenies of haploid X euploid B. napus with molecular markers. Our study focuses on three pairs of homeologous regions selected for their differing levels of divergence (N1/N11, N3/N13, and N9/N18). We show that a high number of chromosomal rearrangements occur during meiosis of B. napus haploid and are transmitted by first division restitution (FDR)-like unreduced gametes to their progeny; half of the progeny of Darmor-bzh haploids display duplications and/or losses in the chromosomal regions being studied. We demonstrate that half of these rearrangements are due to recombination between regions of primary homeology, which represents a 10- to 100-fold increase compared to the frequency of homeologous recombination measured in euploid lines. Some of the other rearrangements certainly result from recombination between paralogous regions because we observed an average of one to two autosyndetic A-A and/or C-C bivalents at metaphase I of the B. napus haploid. These results are discussed in the context of genome evolution of B. napus.

Published
2007

20. Mapping PrBn and other quantitative trait loci responsible for the control of homeologous chromosome pairing in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) haploids

Author

Liu, Zhiqian, Adamczyk, Katarzyna, Manzanares-Dauleux, Maria, Eber, Frederique, Lucas, Marie-Odile, Delourme, Regine, Chevre, Anne Marie, and Jenczewski, Eric

Subjects
Chromosomes -- Research, Genetic variation -- Analysis, Rape (Plant) -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

In allopolyploid species, fair meiosis could be challenged by homeologous chromosome pairing and is usually achieved by the action of homeologous pairing suppressor genes. Oilseed rape (Brassica napus) haploids (AC, n = 19) represent an attractive model for studying the mechanisms used by allopolyploids to ensure the diploid-like meiotic pairing pattern. In oilseed rape haploids, homeologous chromosome pairing at metaphase I was found to be genetically based and controlled by a major gene, PrBn, segregating in a background of polygenic variation. In this study, we have mapped PrBn within a 10-cM interval on the C genome linkage group DY15 and shown that PrBn displays incomplete penetrance or variable expressivity. We have identified three to six minor QTL/BTL that have slight additive effects on the amount of pairing at metaphase I but do not interact with PrBn. We have also detected a number of other loci that interact epistatically, notably with PrBn. Our results support the idea that, as in other polyploid species, metaphase I homeologous pairing in oilseed rape haploids is controlled by an integrated system of several genes, which function in a complex manner.

Published
2006

21. Corrigendum: FANCM Limits Meiotic Crossovers in Brassica Crops

Author

Blary, Aurélien, primary, Gonzalo, Adrián, additional, Eber, Frédérique, additional, Bérard, Aurélie, additional, Bergès, Hélène, additional, Bessoltane, Nadia, additional, Charif, Delphine, additional, Charpentier, Catherine, additional, Cromer, Laurence, additional, Fourment, Joelle, additional, Genevriez, Camille, additional, Le Paslier, Marie-Christine, additional, Lodé, Maryse, additional, Lucas, Marie-Odile, additional, Nesi, Nathalie, additional, Lloyd, Andrew, additional, Chèvre, Anne-Marie, additional, and Jenczewski, Eric, additional

Published
2020
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23. PrBn, a major gene controlling homeologous pairing in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) haploids

Author

Jenczewski, Eric, Eber, Frederique, Grimaud, Agnes, Huet, Sylvie, Lucas, Marie Odile, Monod, Herve, and Chevre, Anne Marie

Subjects
Genetic research, Rape oil -- Genetic aspects, Biological sciences
Abstract

Precise control of chromosome pairing is vital for conferring meiotic, and hence reproductive, stability in sexually reproducing polyploids. Apart from the Phi locus of wheat that suppresses homeologous pairing, little is known about the activity of genes that contribute to the cytological diploidization of allopolyploids. In oilseed rape (Brassica napus) haploids, the amount of chromosome pairing at metaphase I (MI) of meiosis varies depending on the varieties the haploids originate from. In this study, we combined a segregation analysis with a maximum-likelihood approach to demonstrate that this variation is genetically based and controlled mainly by a gene with a major effect. A total of 244 haploids were produced from [F.sub.1] hybrids between a high- and a low-pairing variety (at the haploid stage) and their meiotic behavior at MI was characterized. Likelihood-ratio statistics were used to demonstrate that the distribution of the number of univalents among these haploids was consistent with the segregation of a diallelic major gene, presumably in a background of polygenic variation. Our observations suggest that this gene, named PrBn, is different from Phi and could thus provide complementary information on the meiotic stabilization of chromosome pairing in allopolyploid species.

Published
2003

26. Manipulation of crossover frequency and distribution for plant breeding

Author

Blary, Aurélien, Jenczewski, Eric, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Department of Plant Breeding, IFZ Research Centre for Biosystems, Land Use and Nutrition, and Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (JLU)

Subjects
méiose, recombinaison génétique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, crossing over, food and beverages, division cellulaire, Review Article, Plants, Chromosomes, Plant, Meiosis, Plant Breeding, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering, Crossing Over, Genetic, Homologous Recombination, amélioration des plantes
Abstract

International audience; The crossovers (COs) that occur during meiotic recombination lead to genetic diversity upon which natural and artificial selection can act. The potential of tinkering with the mechanisms of meiotic recombination to increase the amount of genetic diversity accessible for breeders has been under the research spotlight for years. A wide variety of approaches have been proposed to increase CO frequency, alter CO distribution and induce COs between non-homologous chromosomal regions. For most of these approaches, translational biology will be crucial for demonstrating how these strategies can be of practical use in plant breeding. In this review, we describe how tinkering with meiotic recombination could benefit plant breeding and give concrete examples of how these strategies could be implemented into breeding programs.

Published
2019

27. Analysis of population structure in autotetraploid species

Author

Ronfort, Joelle, Jenczewski, Eric, Bataillon, Thomas, and Rousset, Francois

Subjects
Polyploidy -- Research, Population genetics -- Research, Diploidy -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Population structure parameters commonly used for diploid species are reexamined for the particular case of tetrasomic inheritance (autotetraploid species). Recurrence equations that describe the evolution of identity probabilities for neutral genes in an 'island model' of population structure are derived assuming tetrasomic inheritance. The expected equilibrium value of [F.sub.ST]-is computed. In contrast to diploids, the correlation of genes between individuals within populations with respect to genes between populations ([F.sub.ST]) may vary among loci due to the particular segregation patterns expected under tetrasomic inheritance and is consequently inappropriate for estimating demographic parameters in such populations. We thus define a new parameter ([Rho]) and derive its relationship with Nm. This relationship is shown to be independent from both the selfing rate and the proportion of double reduction. Finally, the statistical procedure required to evaluate these parameters using data on gene frequencies distribution among autotetraploid populations is developed.

Published
1998

29. FANCM Limits Meiotic Crossovers in Brassica Crops

Author

Blary, Aurélien, Gonzalo, Adrián, Eber, Frederique, Berard, Aurélie, Berges, Helene, Bessoltane, Nadia, Charif, Delphine, Charpentier, Catherine, Cromer, Laurence, Fourment, Joelle, Genevriez, Camille, Le Paslier, Marie-Christine, Lodé-Taburel, Maryse, Lucas, Marie-Odile, Nesi, Nathalie, Lloyd, Andrew, Chèvre, Anne-Marie, Jenczewski, Eric, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux (EPGV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de Ressources Génomiques Végétales (CNRGV), ANR-14-CE19-0004 - CROC, INRA BAP division (Appel a Manifestation d'interet, HyperRec), LabEx Saclay Plant Sciences-SPS [ANR-10-LABX-0040-SPS], PIOF-GA-2013-628128 POLYMEIO, ANR-14-CE19-0004,CROC,Contrôle de la fréquence de recombinaison méiotique pour accélérer l'innovation variétales chez les espèces cultivées polyploïdes(2014), ANR-11-IDEX-0002,UNITI,Université Fédérale de Toulouse(2011), European Project: 606956,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2013-ITN,COMREC(2013), Université de Lausanne (UNIL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
méiose, Vegetal Biology, FANCM, brassica, meiotic crossover, TILLING, plant breeding, polyploidy, Translational biology, arabidopsis thaliana, fungi, Correction, food and beverages, Plant Science, lcsh:Plant culture, variation génétique, brassica napus, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, lcsh:SB1-1110, mutation, Biologie végétale, Original Research, sélection végétale
Abstract

International audience; Meiotic crossovers (COs) are essential for proper chromosome segregation and the reshuffling of alleles during meiosis. In WT plants, the number of COs is usually small, which limits the genetic variation that can be captured by plant breeding programs. Part of this limitation is imposed by proteins like FANCM, the inactivation of which results in a 3-fold increase in COs in Arabidopsis thaliana. Whether the same holds true in crops needed to be established. In this study, we identified EMS induced mutations in FANCM in two species of economic relevance within the genus Brassica. We showed that CO frequencies were increased in fancm mutants in both diploid and tetraploid Brassicas, Brassica rapa and Brassica napus respectively. In B. rapa, we observed a 3-fold increase in the number of COs, equal to the increase observed previously in Arabidopsis. In B. napus we observed a lesser but consistent increase (1.3-fold) in both euploid (AACC) and allohaploid (AC) plants. Complementation tests in A. thaliana suggest that the smaller increase in crossover frequency observed in B. napus reflects residual activity of the mutant C copy of FANCM. Altogether our results indicate that the anti-CO activity of FANCM is conserved across the Brassica, opening new avenues to make a wider range of genetic diversity accessible to crop improvement.

Published
2018

31. Assessing the Response of Small RNA Populations to Allopolyploidy Using Resynthesized Brassica napus Allotetraploids

Author

Martinez Palacios, Paulina, primary, Jacquemot, Marie-Pierre, additional, Tapie, Marion, additional, Rousselet, Agnès, additional, Diop, Mamoudou, additional, Remoué, Carine, additional, Falque, Matthieu, additional, Lloyd, Andrew, additional, Jenczewski, Eric, additional, Lassalle, Gilles, additional, Chévre, Anne-Marie, additional, Lelandais, Christine, additional, Crespi, Martin, additional, Brabant, Philippe, additional, Joets, Johann, additional, and Alix, Karine, additional

Published
2019
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34. Assessing the response of small RNA populations to allopolyploidy using resynthesized Brassica napus allotetraploids

Author

Palacios, Paulina Martinez, primary, Jacquemot, Marie-Pierre, additional, Tapie, Marion, additional, Rousselet, Agnès, additional, Diop, Mamoudou, additional, Remoue, Carine, additional, Falque, Matthieu, additional, Lloyd, Andrew, additional, Jenczewski, Eric, additional, Lassalle, Gilles, additional, Chevre, Anne-Marie, additional, Lelandais, Christine, additional, Crespi, Martin, additional, Brabant, Philippe, additional, Joets, Johann, additional, and Alix, Karine, additional

Published
2018
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38. Gene Introgression in Weeds Depends on Initial Gene Location in the Crop: Brassica napus–Raphanus raphanistrum Model

Author

Adamczyk-Chauvat, Katarzyna, primary, Delaunay, Sabrina, additional, Vannier, Anne, additional, François, Caroline, additional, Thomas, Gwenaëlle, additional, Eber, Frédérique, additional, Lodé, Maryse, additional, Gilet, Marie, additional, Huteau, Virginie, additional, Morice, Jérôme, additional, Nègre, Sylvie, additional, Falentin, Cyril, additional, Coriton, Olivier, additional, Darmency, Henri, additional, Alrustom, Bachar, additional, Jenczewski, Eric, additional, Rousseau-Gueutin, Mathieu, additional, and Chèvre, Anne-Marie, additional

Published
2017
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39. The Molecular Biology of Meiosis in Plants

Author

Mercier, Raphaël, Mezard, Christine, Jenczewski, Eric, Macaisne, Nicolas, Grelon, Mathilde, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and Merchant, SS

Subjects
ARABIDOPSIS-THALIANA MEIOSIS, PHD-FINGER PROTEIN, polyploids, HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME SYNAPSIS, COMPLEX PROTEIN ZYP1, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ANAPHASE-PROMOTING COMPLEX/CYCLOSOME, SISTER-CHROMATCOHESION, MEIOTIC CROSSOVER FORMATION, GENETIC-LINKAGE MAP, recombination, sister chromatid cohesion, crossovers, cell cycle, WHEAT TRITICUM-AESTIVUM, STRAND-BREAK REPAIR
Abstract

Meiosis is the cell division that reshuffles genetic information between generations. Recently, much progress has been made in understanding this process; in particular, the identification and functional analysis of more than 80 plant genes involved in meiosis have dramatically deepened our knowledge of this peculiar cell division. In this review, we provide an overview of advancements in the understanding of all aspects of plant meiosis, including recombination, chromosome synapsis, cell cycle control, chromosome distribution, and the challenge of polyploidy.

Published
2015

40. Assessing the Response of Small RNA Populations to Allopolyploidy Using Resynthesized Brassica napus Allotetraploids.

Author

Palacios, Paulina Martinez, Jacquemot, Marie-Pierre, Tapie, Marion, Rousselet, Agnès, Diop, Mamoudou, Remoué, Carine, Falque, Matthieu, Lloyd, Andrew, Jenczewski, Eric, Lassalle, Gilles, Chévre, Anne-Marie, Lelandais, Christine, Crespi, Martin, Brabant, Philippe, Joets, Johann, and Alix, Karine

Abstract

Allopolyploidy, combining interspecific hybridization with whole genome duplication, has had significant impact on plant evolution. Its evolutionary success is related to the rapid and profound genome reorganizations that allow neoallopolyploids to form and adapt. Nevertheless, how neoallopolyploid genomes adapt to regulate their expression remains poorly understood. The hypothesis of a major role for small noncoding RNAs (sRNAs) in mediating the transcriptional response of neoallopolyploid genomes has progressively emerged. Generally, 21-nt sRNAs mediate posttranscriptional gene silencing by mRNA cleavage, whereas 24-nt sRNAs repress transcription (transcriptional gene silencing) through epigenetic modifications. Here, we characterize the global response of sRNAs to allopolyploidy in Brassica, using three independently resynthesized Brassica napus allotetraploids originating from crosses between diploid Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa accessions, surveyed at two different generations in comparison with their diploid progenitors. Our results suggest an immediate but transient response of specific sRNA populations to allopolyploidy. These sRNA populations mainly target noncoding components of the genome but also target the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in response to stresses and in metabolism; this suggests a broad role in adapting to allopolyploidy. We finally identify the early accumulation of both 21- and 24-nt sRNAs involved in regulating the same targets, supporting a posttranscriptional gene silencing to transcriptional gene silencing shift at the first stages of the neoallopolyploid formation. We propose that reorganization of sRNA production is an early response to allopolyploidy in order to control the transcriptional reactivation of various noncoding elements and stress-related genes, thus ensuring genome stability during the first steps of neoallopolyploid formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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41. Book review: Polyploidy and genome evolution. Pamela S. Soltis, Douglas E. Soltis. eds. Springer

Author

Jenczewski, Eric, Alix-Jenczewski, Karine, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Polyploidy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], genome evolution
Abstract

Book review: Polyploidy and genome evolution. Pamela S. Soltis, Douglas E. Soltis. eds. Springer

Published
2014

42. Homoeologous exchanges cause extensive dosage-dependent gene expression changes in an allopolyploid crop.

Author

Lloyd, Andrew, Blary, Aurélien, Charif, Delphine, Charpentier, Catherine, Tran, Joseph, Balzergue, Sandrine, Delannoy, Etienne, Rigaill, Guillem, and Jenczewski, Eric

Subjects
GENE expression, BIOCHEMICAL substrates, ALLOPOLYPLOIDY in plant chromosomes, BRASSICA, RUTABAGA
Abstract

Structural variation is a major source of genetic diversity and an important substrate for selection. In allopolyploids, homoeologous exchanges (i.e. between the constituent subgenomes) are a very frequent type of structural variant. However, their direct impact on gene content and gene expression had not been determined., Here, we used a tissue-specific mRNA-Seq dataset to measure the consequences of homoeologous exchanges ( HE) on gene expression in Brassica napus, a representative allotetraploid crop., We demonstrate that expression changes are proportional to the change in gene copy number triggered by the HEs. Thus, when homoeologous gene pairs have unbalanced transcriptional contributions before the HE, duplication of one copy does not accurately compensate for loss of the other and combined homoeologue expression also changes. These effects are, however, mitigated over time., This study sheds light on the origins, timing and functional consequences of homeologous exchanges in allopolyploids. It demonstrates that the interplay between new structural variation and the resulting impacts on gene expression, influences allopolyploid genome evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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43. First meioses of Brassica napus are genome blenders

Author

Szadkowski, Emmanuel, Eber, Frederique, Huteau, Virginie, Coriton, Olivier, Jenczewski, Eric, Chèvre, Anne-Marie, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (APBV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
fungi, polyploïdie, food and beverages, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, expression du génome, polyploidy, brassica napus
Abstract

First meioses of Brassica napus are genome blenders. Plant and Animal Genomes Conference

Published
2011

44. La première méiose des colzas resynthetisés, un mixeur de génome

Author

Szadkowski, Emmanuel, Eber, Frederique, Huteau, Virginie, Coriton, Olivier, Chalhoub, Boulos, Jenczewski, Eric, Chèvre, Anne-Marie, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (APBV), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Unité de recherche en génomique végétale (URGV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA). UMR Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (0118)., and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
méiose, synthetic hybrids, synteny, food and beverages, meiosis, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Brassica, expression du génome, recombination, allopolyploid, brassica napus
Abstract

Chromosomal reshuffling occurs during meiosis in newly created polyploid species in Brassica, contributing to differentiation of parental genomes in the hybrid. In newly synthesized Brassica napus, studies have shown little effect of the very first meiosis in genomic restructuring. However, the frequent and non random fixation of translocations (HNRTs) in early generations of re-synthesized B. napus suppose a major role of the first meiosis in chromosome rearrangements. To study homeologous pairing and remodelling at the creation of the polyploidy, homeologous pair of chromosomes A1-C1 provide an appropriate model, being completely collinear in macrosynteny in B. napus and its progenitors and being the most rearranged pair in natural B. napus haploids.On multiple lineages of synthetic B.napus, we aimed to : (i) Establish the frequent pairing of A1-C1 during the first meiosis of neo-polyploids; (ii) Assess precisely the impact of this meiosis on the nature, the size and the frequency of rearrangements generated on A1 and C1; (iii) Determine the effect of A1-C1 rearrangements on the perturbation of regular meiotic behaviour in contrasted progeny. (i) Various S0 (colchicines doubled hybrids) lineages of resynthesized B. napus have been created from 4 different diploid parents to test genetic background as long as a reciprocal cross to test maternal cytoplasmic effect. By using BAC-FISH (Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation) approach at meiosis of the first generation S0, it is possible to detect implication of A1-C1 in abnormal chromosome pairing. Evidence for A-C pairing at first meiosis exist, and this work will determine the A1-C1 pairing ability of the progenitors structure. (ii) To assess the impact of first meiosis on genome remodelling in gametes, crosses were performed between the 4 amphidiploids (S0) and a natural B. napus (92 ind. for each). We identified a contrasted behaviour of the B. rapa cytoplasm population, but all had highly frequent inherited chromosomes rearrangements using molecular markers from A1 and C1, and their nature (translocation vs. deletion) will be discussed on a subset of contrasted individuals using BAC FISH differentiating homeologous regions. (iii) By establishing the meiotic behaviour of this subset of plants, we will validate the effect of A1-C1 homogenisation on further genome instability. These data will bring new insight on genome restructuration in polyploids after genome duplication.

Published
2010

45. Polyploid formation ways in Brassica napus: The Tortoise and the Hare

Author

Szadkowski, Emmanuel, Eber, Frederique, Huteau, Virginie, Lode, Maryse, Coriton, Olivier, Jenczewski, Eric, Chèvre, Anne-Marie, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA). UMR Institut de Génétique Environnement et Protection des Plantes (1349)., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], polyploïdie, polyploidy, brassica napus
Abstract

Polyploid formation ways in Brassica napus: The Tortoise and the Hare. Réunion du groupe « Cytogénétique et Polyploïdie »

Published
2010

46. Extraction du génome A du colza (Brassica napus AACC, 2N=38) et production de lignées d'addition monosomique

Author

Eber, Frederique, Lode, Maryse, Huteau, Virginie, Coriton, Olivier, Auger, Bathilde, Jenczewski, Eric, Chèvre, Anne-Marie, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (APBV), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], COLZA, GENOMIQUE
Abstract

Le colza et le rutabaga appartiennent à la même espèce, Brassica napus (AACC, 2n=38). Cette espèce allotétraploïde est issue de croisements naturels entre le chou B. oleracea (CC, 2n = 18) et la navette B. rapa (AA, 2n = 20). Aucun colza sauvage n’a été décrit ce qui conduit à penser qu’il est probablement apparue dans des jardins où du chou était cultivé pour la consommation humaine à côté de la navette servant à produire de l'huile d'éclairage ou du navet. Le colza aurait alors été sélectionné comme une navette capable de produire encore plus d'huile et le rutabaga comme un navet produisant des racines plus volumineuses. Les débuts de la véritable culture du colza en Europe datent probablement du 15ème siècle.Il existe deux stratégies pour mettre en évidence les modifications structurales et fonctionnelles des génomes lors de la stabilisation de l’espèce ; (i) la création de lignées synthétiques à partir du croisement des progéniteurs pour observer les événements qui se mettent en place lors de la stabilisation ; (ii) l’extraction des composantes diploïdes du tétraploïde et leur comparaison avec les diploïdes actuels. C’est cette deuxième stratégie que nous avons mise en place.Schéma d’extraction 1 : Nous avons croisé le colza avec la navette pour obtenir un hybride triploïde AAC. Cet hybride a été recroisé par le colza et seule une plante à 29 chromosomes (AAC) a été sélectionnée pour être à nouveau croisée par le colza. Nous avons réalisé ce cycle de croisement trois fois afin d’obtenir un génome A proche de celui du colza dans l’hybride AAC. L’autofécondation de ce dernier devait nous permettre de sélectionner une plante AA, composante diploïde de notre tétraploïde de départ. Cependant la stérilité de l’hybride AAC ne nous a pas permis d’obtenir une descendance. Le génome A du colza a sans doute subi trop de modifications dans son contexte trétraploïde pour être extrait aussi directement. Nous avons donc repensé notre schéma d’extraction.Schéma d’extraction 2 : Nous sommes repartir de notre schéma précédent en croisant le premier hybride AAC avec de la navette, dans la descendance nous avons sélectionné une plante AA à 2n=20. Cette plante à 20 chromosomes nous a servi pour produire le deuxième hybride AAC du schéma 1. Nous avons recommencé ce cycle de croisement trois fois et nous allons continuer pour nous rapprocher le plus possible du génome A du colza.Lignées d’addition monosomiques : A chaque cycle de croisement avec la navette nous avons sélectionné des lignées d’addition portant chacune un chromosome du génome C (C1, C2, C3, C5, C7 ou C8) en utilisant la cytomètrie en flux puis des observations cytogénétiques en les combinant à deux marqueurs moléculaires par chromosome C du colza. D’autres lignées d’addition sont à extraire pour avoir le set complet des chromosomes C du colza. Ces lignées constitueront un outil performant pour identifier l’impact de chaque chromosome C sur le phénotype et pour assigner sans ambigüité des marqueurs monomorphiques correspondant à des gènes candidats.

Published
2009

47. Genetic regulation of meiosis in polyploid species: new insights into an old question

Author

Cifuentes, Marta, Grandont, Laurie, Graham, Moore, Chèvre, Anne-Marie, Jenczewski, Eric, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, John Innes Centre [Norwich], Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (APBV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
chiasmata, meiosis, fungi, food and beverages, cytological diploïdization, COLZA, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract

Precise chromosome segregation is vital for polyploid speciation. Here, we highlight recent findings that revitalize the old question of the genetic control of diploid-like meiosis behaviour in polyploid species. We first review new nformation on the genetic control of autopolyploid and allopolyploid cytological diploidization, notably in wheat and Brassica. These major advances provide new opportunities for speculating about the adaptation of meiosis during polyploid evolution. Some of these advances are discussed, and it is suggested that research on polyploidy and on meiosis should no longer be unlinked.

Published
2009

48. Identification of genome specific markers in oilseed rape

Author

Rousseau-Gueutin, Mathieu, Coriton, Olivier, Eber, Frederique, Jenczewski, Eric, Chalhoub, Boulos, Ryder, Carol D., Barker, G, King, Graham, Chèvre, Anne-Marie, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (APBV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de recherche en génomique végétale (URGV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
[SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2004

50. Introduction of blackleg resistance from Brassica rapa into Brassica napus

Author

Chèvre, Anne-Marie, Ponce de Leon, A., Jenczewski, Eric, Eber, Frédérique, Delourme, Régine, Brun, Hortense, Amélioration des Plantes et Biotechnologies Végétales (APBV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biologie des organismes et des populations appliquées à la protection des plantes (BIO3P), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST

Subjects
résistance aux maladies, crucifere, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], leptosphaeria maculans, brassica rapa, champignon phytopathogène, plante oléagineuse, AMELIORATION DES PLANTES, gène de résistance, GENETIQUE VEGETALE, COLZA, jambe noire, brassica napus var oleifera, résistance partielle, résistance totale, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Résumés des communications du 6.Blackleg Workshop; International audience

Published
2003

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