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This paper leverages the shape of current traveling waves to enhance transmission line protection. It investigates the distortion effect on the traveling waveshape during propagation along the transmission line. It focuses on utilizing the ratio of area to the peak of the initial traveling wave at the local end to estimate the level of distortion and identify faults within the protection zone. This eliminates the need for arrival time information of initial waves, detection of subsequent traveling waves, and synchronized data communication from the remote end. Effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through simulations of faults in a 400 kV transmission network and real-time testing on the RTDS Novacor simulator. The ratio of area and peak, being less affected by the fault resistance and variation in inception angle, the proposed method offers more reliability for traveling wave-based line protection compared to available techniques. • Shape of current TWs are analyzed. • Area and peak of the waveshape are utilized for line protection. • Only Initial TWs are utilized and detection of subsequent reflected TWs not required. • Performance is promising for wide variety of faults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a digital differential busbar protection scheme based on generalised alpha plane approach which combines the benefits of percentage differential approach and two‐restrain alpha plane approach. The proposed scheme utilises one cycle current transformer (CT) secondary current signals of all the bays connected to the busbar to map the operating points on a complex alpha plane. The proposed scheme has been evaluated by modelling an existing 400 kV Indian power generating station in PSCAD/EMTDC software package. The performance of the proposed scheme has been evaluated on large numbers of cases with wide variation in system and fault parameters. In order to verify authenticity of the proposed scheme, a laboratory prototype of the proposed busbar protection scheme has been developed. From the developed prototype, CT secondary current signals are captured during internal faults and external fault with CT saturation condition. Comparison between the simulation and prototype results clearly shows the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of higher sensitivity during internal faults and better stability in case of external faults. The proposed protection scheme has a high response speed (around 5 ms) and hence can be considered on par with modern busbar protection schemes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]