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The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the effect of financial development on fertility rate along with other major indicators in select South Asian economies over the period 1990–2016. The study uses various statistical techniques such as Johansen–Fisher panel co‐integration approaches are employed to examine the long‐run relationship among the variables and for statistically quantile regression is employed. The study finds that the variables under consideration are found to be cointegrated, that is, they are found to be having a long‐term relationship. By using three different measures of financial sector development, it is also observed that financial sector development has invariably led to a declining fertility rate in the south Asian region during the study period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the determinants of foreign exchange reserves of Brazil for the period 1960–2018. We use empirically robust auto‐regressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing methodology to trace the determinants of foreign exchange reserves of Brazil. We incorporate other relevant variables in the model such as current account balance to GDP ratio, debt to GDP ratio, domestic credit to the private sector as a percentage of GDP, exchange rate, inflation, per capita GDP and real interest rate with foreign exchange reserves in impacting its size in Brazil. We find that long‐run relationship exists between foreign exchange reserves, current account balance to GDP ratio, debt to GDP ratio, domestic credit to the private sector as a percentage of GDP, exchange rate, inflation, per capita GDP and real interest rate. However, we find that variables under study also have unidirectional short‐run causality. Hence, the policymakers to give special attention to the fact maintain a foreign exchange reserve which is optimum keeping in mind their developmental needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the interaction between real effective exchange rate (REER) with select macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product (GDP), foreign direct investment, foreign institutional investors (FII), fiscal deficits, terms of trade, trade openness, and foreign exchange reserves from 1981–2017. Autoregressive distributed lag bounds test results confirm the existence of long‐run relationships among the considered variables. The study finds that among the selected macroeconomic variables, GDP and remittances have positive and significant impact on REER. The study also reveals that although the variables official development assistance, FII, and fiscal deficit have positive impacts on REER, the results are not statistically significant. Further, our study indicated that the speed of convergence of REER towards long‐run equilibrium is 30% per annum, which is below standard in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]