256 results on '"Jem-Kun Chen"'
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2. An Eco-Friendly Manner to Prepare Superwetting Melamine Sponges with Switchable Wettability for the Separation of Oil/Water Mixtures and Emulsions
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Guyita Berako Belachew, Chien-Chieh Hu, Yan-Yu Chang, Chih-Feng Wang, Wei-Song Hung, Jem-Kun Chen, and Juin-Yih Lai
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melamine sponge ,sodium dodecanoate ,switchable wettability ,oil/water mixtures separation ,emulsion separation ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Oil/water separation processes have garnered significant global attention due to the quick growth in industrial development, recurring chemical leakages, and oil spills. Hence, there is a significant demand for the development of inexpensive superwetting materials in an eco-friendly manner to separate oil/water mixtures and emulsions. In this study, a superwetting melamine sponge (SMS) with switchable wettabilities was prepared by modifying melamine sponge (MS) with sodium dodecanoate. The as-prepared SMS exhibited superhydrophobicity, superoleophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity, and underoil superhydrophobicity. The SMS can be utilized in treating both light and heavy oil/water mixtures through the prewetting process. It demonstrated fast permeation fluxes (reaching 108,600 L m−2 h−1 for a light oil/water mixture and 147,700 L m−2 h−1 for a heavy oil/water mixture) and exhibited good separation efficiency (exceeding 99.56%). The compressed SMS was employed in separating surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions (SWOEs), as well as surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions (SOWEs), giving high permeation fluxes (reaching 7210 and 5054 L m−2 h−1, respectively). The oil purity for SWOEs’ filtrates surpassed 99.98 wt% and the separation efficiencies of SOWEs exceeded 98.84%. Owing to their remarkable capability for separating oil/water mixtures and emulsions, eco-friendly fabrication method, and feasibility for large-scale production, our SMS has a promising potential for practical applications.
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- 2024
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3. Designable Poly(methacrylic Acid)/Silver Cluster Ring Arrays as Reflectance Spectroscopy-Based Biosensors for Label-Free Plague Diagnosis
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Chih-Wei Chen, Shih-Hsun Chen, Chih-Feng Huang, and Jem-Kun Chen
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silver clusters ,poly(methacrylic acid) brush ,plague ,reflectance spectra ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
A hole array was fabricated via photolithography to wet the bottoms of holes using oxygen plasma. Amide-terminated silane, a water immiscible compound before hydrolysis, was evaporated for deposition on the plasma-treated hole template surface. The silane compound was hydrolyzed along the edges of circular sides of the hole bottom to form a ring of an initiator after halogenation. Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) was grafted from the ring of the initiator to attract Ag clusters (AgCs) as AgC–PMAA hybrid ring (SPHR) arrays via alternate phase transition cycles. The SPHR arrays were modified with a Yersinia pestis antibody (abY) to detect the antigen of Yersinia pestis (agY) for plague diagnosis. The binding of the agY onto the abY-anchored SPHR array resulted in a geometrical change from a ring to a two-humped structure. The reflectance spectra could be used to analyze the AgC attachment and the agY binding onto the abY-anchored SPHR array. The linear range between the wavelength shift and agY concentration from 30 to 270 pg mL−1 was established to obtain the detection limit of ~12.3 pg mL−1. Our proposed method provides a novel pathway to efficiently fabricate a ring array with a scale of less than 100 nm, which demonstrates excellent performance in preclinical trials.
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- 2023
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4. Rapid label-free detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa using a fluidic grating chip with a reflective laser system
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Jie-Jun Chen, Chih-Chia Cheng, Chi-Jung Chang, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen
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One-dimensional photonic crystal ,Laser beam system ,Fluidic chip ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Stripe arrays of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes were grafted using a photoresist template to fabricate one-dimensional photonic crystal (OPCs). The as-prepared samples were first bound with protein G to immobilize and orient tails of the antibody of Pa (abY). A fluidic diffraction chip based on the abY-tailed PMMA OPC was fabricated to examine the ability of Pa detection from whole blood specimen. Pa was attached to the abY-tailed PMMA OPC after flowing through the fluidic chip, which changed the diffraction intensity. A laser beam was employed to analyze the reflective signals of OPCs at an incident angle of 45°. The abY-tailed PMAA OPC possessed an optical feature with a characteristic diffraction effect such that the projection of the laser beam on the plane of the OPC chip was parallel to the strips in SII configurations, whereas they were perpendicular in ST configurations. The degree of the diffraction intensity exhibited a linear response to Pa at concentrations from 102 to 107 CFU mL−1, and the limit of detection was 100 CFU mL−1, indicating the excellent sensitivity in Pa-spiked whole blood samples. The proposed platform provides a rapid, label-free method for Pa detection to improve the administration of antibiotics in a timely manner.
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- 2022
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5. A CO2-Responsive Imidazole-Functionalized Fluorescent Material Mediates Cancer Chemotherapy
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Vo Thuy Thien Ngan, Po-Yen Chiou, Fasih Bintang Ilhami, Enyew Alemayehu Bayle, Yeong-Tarng Shieh, Wei-Tsung Chuang, Jem-Kun Chen, Juin-Yih Lai, and Chih-Chia Cheng
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anticancer agent ,CO2 responsiveness ,hydrophobic–hydrophilic transition ,imidazole-containing rhodamine 6G ,potent cytotoxicity ,Pharmacy and materia medica ,RS1-441 - Abstract
We present a breakthrough in the synthesis and development of functional gas-responsive materials as highly potent anticancer agents suitable for applications in cancer treatment. Herein, we successfully synthesised a stimuli-responsive multifunctional material (I-R6G) consisting of a carbon dioxide (CO2)-sensitive imidazole moiety and spirolactam-containing conjugated rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecule. The resulting I-R6G is highly hydrophobic and non- or weakly fluorescent. Simple CO2 bubbling treatment induces hydrophobic I-R6G to completely dissolve in water and subsequently form self-assembled nanoparticles, which exhibit unique optical absorption and fluorescence behaviours in water and extremely low haemolytic ability against sheep red blood cells. Reversibility testing indicated that I-R6G undergoes reversible CO2/nitrogen (N2)-dependent stimulation in water, as its structural and physical properties can be reversibly and stably switched by alternating cycles of CO2 and N2 bubbling. Importantly, in vitro cellular assays clearly demonstrated that the CO2-protonated imidazole moiety promotes rapid internalisation of CO2-treated I-R6G into cancer cells, which subsequently induces massive levels of necrotic cell death. In contrast, CO2-treated I-R6G was not internalised and did not affect the viability of normal cells. Therefore, this newly created system may provide an innovative and efficient route to remarkably improve the selectivity, safety and efficacy of cancer treatment.
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- 2023
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6. Inflammation-Responsive Nanovalves of Polymer-Conjugated Dextran on a Hole Array of Silicon Substrate for Controlled Antibiotic Release
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Ai-Wei Lee, Pao-Lung Chang, Shien-Kuei Liaw, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen
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PMAA brush ,ROS ,hole array ,antibiotics ,inflammation ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes were tethered on a silicon surface possessing a 500-nm hole array via atom transfer radical polymerization after the modification of the halogen group. Dextran-biotin (DB) was sequentially immobilized on the PMAA chains to obtain a P(MAA-DB) brush surrounding the hole edges on the silicon surface. After loading antibiotics inside the holes, biphenyl-4,4′-diboronic acid (BDA) was used to cross-link the P(MAA-DB) chains through the formation of boronate esters to cap the hole and block the release of the antibiotics. The boronate esters were disassociated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) to open the holes and release the antibiotics, thus indicating a reversible association. The total amount of drug inside the chip was approximately 52.4 μg cm−2, which could be released at a rate of approximately 1.6 μg h−1 cm−2 at a ROS concentration of 10 nM. The P(MAA-DB) brush-modified chip was biocompatible without significant toxicity toward L929 cells during the antibiotic release. The inflammation-triggered antibiotic release system based on a subcutaneous implant chip not only exhibits excellent efficacy against bacteria but also excellent biocompatibility, recyclability, and sensitivity, which can be easily extended to other drug delivery systems for numerous biomedical applications without phagocytosis- and metabolism-related issues.
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- 2022
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7. SI ATRP for the Surface Modifications of Optically Transparent Paper Films Made by TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers
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Jem-Kun Chen, Hsiang-Ya Huang, Cheng-Wei Tu, Li-Ting Lee, Tongsai Jamnongkan, and Chih-Feng Huang
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TOCN ,SI ATRP ,optically transparent paper film ,polystyrene ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Applications of cellulose nanofibers currently match the demands of biodegradable and renewable constituent biocomposites. In this study, we studied the process of preparing TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCNs). These nano-sized cellulose fibers (ca. 11 nm) can be fabricated to high transmittance and optically transparent paper (OP) films. Then the OP films can be facilely immobilized initiating sites for the subsequent surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI ATRP). We investigated SI ATRP with styrene (St) kinetics and monitored chemical structure changes of the OP surfaces. The obtained OP-g-PSt significantly led to enhance thermal stability and alter the OP surface with hydrophobic compared to that of pristine OP film. Characterization was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and water contact angle (WCA) measurements.
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- 2022
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8. Binary-blend fibber-based capture assay of circulating tumor cells for clinical diagnosis of colorectal cancer
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Ai-Wei Lee, Fu-Xiang Lin, Po-Li Wei, Guo Jian-Wei, and Jem-Kun Chen
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Electrospinning ,Circulating tumour cell ,Nylon-6 ,Colorectal cancer diagnosis ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background In addition to conventional approaches, detecting and characterizing CTCs in patient blood allows for early diagnosis of cancer metastasis. Methods We blended poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) into nylon-6 through electrospinning to generate a fibrous matbased circulating tumour cells (CTCs) assay. The contents of nylon-6 and PEO in the electrospun blend fibrous mats (EBFMs) were optimized to facilitate high cell-substrate affinity and low leukocyte adsorption. Results Compared with the IsoFlux System, a commercial instrument for CTC detection, the CTC assay of EBFMs exhibited lower false positive readings and high sensitivity and selectivity with preclinical specimens. Furthermore, we examined the clinical diagnosis accuracy of colorectal cancer, using the CTC assay and compared the results with those identified through pathological analyses of biopsies from colonoscopies. Our positive expressions of colorectal cancer through CTC detection completely matched those recognized through the pathological analyses for the individuals having stage II, III, and IV colorectal cancer. Nevertheless, two in four individuals having stage I colorectal cancer, recognized through pathological analysis of biopsies from colonoscopies, exhibited positive expression of CTCs. Ten individuals were identified through pathological analysis as having no colorectal tumours. Nevertheless, two of these ten individuals exhibited positive expression of CTCs. Conclusions Thus, in this population, the low cost EBFMs exhibited considerable capture efficiency for the non-invasive diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
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- 2018
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9. Facile Molecular Weight Determination of Polymer Brushes Grafted from One-Dimensional Diffraction Grating by SI-ATRP Using Reflective Laser System
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Jem-Kun Chen, Feng-Ping Lin, Chi-Jung Chang, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Chih-Feng Huang
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diffraction grating ,PMAA ,molecular weight ,laser system ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Gelatin was immobilized selectively on the amide groups-modified bottom of a trench array of a photoresist template with 2 μm resolution by the ethyl(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide reaction. The gelatin-immobilized line array was brominated to generate a macroinitiator for atom transfer radical polymerization. Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) brushes were grafted from the macroinitiator layer as line arrays of one-dimensional diffraction gratings (DGs) for various grafting polymerization times. A laser beam system was employed to analyze the optical feature with a characteristic diffraction effect of the PMAA DGs at a 45° incident angle along the transverse magnetic and transverse electric polarization. The growth of the PMAA brush lines increased both their heights and widths, leading to a change in the reflective diffraction intensity. The PMAA brushes under various grafting polymerization times were cleaved from the substrate by digestion of gelatin with trypsin, and their molecular weights were obtained by gel permeation chromatography. The change degree of the diffraction intensity varied linearly with the molecular weight of the PMAA brushes over a wide range, from 135 to 1475 kDa, with high correlation coefficients. Molecular weight determination of polymer brushes using the reflective diffraction intensity provides a simple method to monitor their growth in real time without polymer brush cleavage.
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- 2021
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10. Fabrication of device with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-b-ssDNA copolymer brush for resistivity study
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Yi-Zu Liu, May-Show Chen, Chih-Chia Cheng, Shih-Hsun Chen, and Jem-Kun Chen
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Block copolymer brush ,Supramolecular complex ,Resistivity ,Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 ,Medical technology ,R855-855.5 - Abstract
Abstract In this study, we grafted bromo-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) brushes onto thin gold films deposited on silicon, and then reacted with NaN3 to produce azido-terminated PNIPAAm brushes. A probe sequence of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) with a 4-pentynoic acid succinimidyl ester unit was grafted onto the azido-terminated PNIPAAm brushes through a click reaction, resulting in the formation of block copolymer brushes. The PNIPAAm-b-ssDNA copolymer brushes formed supramolecular complexes stabilized by bio-multiple hydrogen bonds (BMHBs), which enhanced the proton transfer and thereby decreased the resistivity of the structures. In addition, the optimal operation window for DNA detection ranges from 0 to 0.2 M of NaCl concentration. Therefore, the specimens were prepared in the PBS solution at 150 mM NaCl concentration for target hybridization. The supramolecular complex state of the PNIPAAm-b-ssDNA copolymer brushes transformed into the phase-separated state after the hybridization with 0.5 ng/µL of its target DNA sequence owing to the competition between BMHBs and complementary hydrogen bonds. This phase transformation of the PNIPAAm and probe segments inhibited the proton transfer and significantly increased the resistivity at 25 °C. Moreover, there were no significant changes in the resistivity of the copolymer brushes after hybridization with the target sequence at 45 °C. These results indicated that the phase-separated state of the PNIPAAm-b-ssDNA copolymer brushes, which was generally occurred above the LCST, can be substantially generated after hybridization with its target DNA sequence. By performing the controlled experiments, in the same manner, using another sequence with lengths similar to that of the target sequence without complementarity. In addition, the sequences featuring various degrees of complementarity were exploited to verify the phase separation behavior inside the PNIPAAm-b-ssDNA copolymer thin film.
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- 2017
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11. Preparations of Tough and Conductive PAMPS/PAA Double Network Hydrogels Containing Cellulose Nanofibers and Polypyrroles
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Cheng-Wei Tu, Fang-Chang Tsai, Jem-Kun Chen, Huei-Ping Wang, Rong-Ho Lee, Jiawei Zhang, Tao Chen, Chung-Chi Wang, and Chih-Feng Huang
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double network hydrogels ,conductive hydrogels ,PAMPS ,PAA ,TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers ,polypyrroles ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
To afford an intact double network (sample abbr.: DN) hydrogel, two-step crosslinking reactions of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) (i.e., PAMPS first network) and then poly(acrylic acid) (i.e., PAA second network) were conducted both in the presence of crosslinker (N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA)). Similar to the two-step processes, different contents of 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TOCN: 1, 2, and 3 wt.%) were initially dispersed in the first network solutions and then crosslinked. The TOCN-containing PAMPS first networks subsequently soaked in AA and crosslinker and conducted the second network crosslinking reactions (TOCN was then abbreviated as T for DN samples). As the third step, various (T–)DN hydrogels were then treated with different concentrations of FeCl3(aq) solutions (5, 50, 100, and 200 mM). Through incorporations of ferric ions into (T–)DN hydrogels, notably, three purposes are targeted: (i) strengthen the (T–)DN hydrogels through ionic bonding, (ii) significantly render ionic conductivity of hydrogels, and (iii) serve as a catalyst for the forth step to proceed with in situ chemical oxidative polymerizations of pyrroles to afford polypyrrole-containing (sample abbr.: Py) hydrogels [i.e., (T–)Py–DN samples]. The characteristic functional groups of PAMPS, PAA, and Py were confirmed by FT–IR. Uniform microstructures were observed by cryo scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM). These results indicated that homogeneous composites of T–Py–DN hydrogels were obtained through the four-step process. All dry samples showed similar thermal degradation behaviors from the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The T2–Py5–DN sample (i.e., containing 2 wt.% TOCN with 5 mM FeCl3(aq) treatment) showed the best tensile strength and strain at breaking properties (i.e., σTb = 450 kPa and εTb = 106%). With the same compositions, a high conductivity of 3.34 × 10−3 S/cm was acquired. The tough T2–Py5–DN hydrogel displayed good conductive reversibility during several “stretching-and-releasing” cycles of 50–100–0%, demonstrating a promising candidate for bioelectronic or biomaterial applications.
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- 2020
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12. Thermo-Tunable Pores and Antibiotic Gating Properties of Bovine Skin Gelatin Gels Prepared with Poly(n-isopropylacrylamide) Network
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Fang-Chang Tsai, Chih-Feng Huang, Chi-Jung Chang, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen
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poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ,bovine skin gelatin ,porous hydrogel ,polystyrene nanosphere ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Polystyrene nanospheres (PNs) were embedded in bovine skin gelatin gels with a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) network, which were denoted as NGHHs, to generate thermoresponsive behavior. When 265 nm PNs were exploited to generate the pores, bovine skin gelatin extended to completely occupy the pores left by PNs below the lower critical solution temperature (LCST), forming a pore-less structure. Contrarily, above the LCST, the collapse of hydrogen bonding between bovine skin gelatin and PNIPAAm occurred, resulting in pores in the NGHH. The behavior of pore closing and opening below and above the LCST, respectively, indicates the excellent drug gating efficiency. Amoxicillin (AMX) was loaded into the NGHHs as smart antibiotic gating due to the pore closing and opening behavior. Accordingly, E. coli. and S. aureus were exploited to test the bacteria inhibition ratio (BIR) of the AMX-loaded NGHHs. BIRs of NGHH without pores were 48% to 46.7% at 25 and 37 °C, respectively, for E. coli during 12 h of incubation time. The BIRs of nanoporous NGHH could be enhanced from 61.5% to 90.4% providing a smart antibiotic gate of bovine skin gelatin gels against inflammation from infection or injury inflammation.
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- 2020
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13. A Dynamic Hanging-Drop System for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture
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Shu-Wei Huang, Shian-Chiuan Tzeng, Jem-Kun Chen, Jui-Sheng Sun, and Feng-Huei Lin
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3D culture ,spheroid ,hanging drop ,microfluid ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
There have been many microfluid technologies combined with hanging-drop for cell culture gotten developed in the past decade. A common problem within these devices is that the cell suspension introduced at the central inlet could cause a number of cells in each microwell to not regularize. Also, the instability of droplets during the spheroid formation remains an unsolved ordeal. In this study, we designed a microfluidic-based hanging-drop culture system with the design of taper-tube that can increase the stability of droplets while enhancing the rate of liquid exchange. A ring is surrounding the taper-tube. The ring can hold the cells to enable us to seed an adequate amount of cells before perfusion. Moreover, during the period of cell culture, the mechanical force around the cell is relatively low to prevent stem cells from differentiate and maintain the phenotype. As a result of our hanging system design, cells are designed to accumulate at the bottom of the droplet. This method enhances convenience for observation activities and analysis of experiments. Thus, this microfluid chip can be used as an in vitro platform representing in vivo physiological conditions, and can be useful in regenerative therapy.
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- 2020
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14. Fabrications and Applications of Stimulus-Responsive Polymer Films and Patterns on Surfaces: A Review
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Jem-Kun Chen and Chi-Jung Chang
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thermoresponsive ,pH-responsive ,photo-responsive ,polymer ,magnetically-responsive ,Technology ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Microscopy ,QH201-278.5 ,Descriptive and experimental mechanics ,QC120-168.85 - Abstract
In the past two decades, we have witnessed significant progress in developing high performance stimuli-responsive polymeric materials. This review focuses on recent developments in the preparation and application of patterned stimuli-responsive polymers, including thermoresponsive layers, pH/ionic-responsive hydrogels, photo-responsive film, magnetically-responsive composites, electroactive composites, and solvent-responsive composites. Many important new applications for stimuli-responsive polymers lie in the field of nano- and micro-fabrication, where stimuli-responsive polymers are being established as important manipulation tools. Some techniques have been developed to selectively position organic molecules and then to obtain well-defined patterned substrates at the micrometer or submicrometer scale. Methods for patterning of stimuli-responsive hydrogels, including photolithography, electron beam lithography, scanning probe writing, and printing techniques (microcontact printing, ink-jet printing) were surveyed. We also surveyed the applications of nanostructured stimuli-responsive hydrogels, such as biotechnology (biological interfaces and purification of biomacromoles), switchable wettability, sensors (optical sensors, biosensors, chemical sensors), and actuators.
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- 2014
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15. Synthesis of Poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-Based Polymer Bottlebrushes by ATRPA and RAFT Polymerization: Toward Drug Delivery Application
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Yi-Shen Huang, Jem-Kun Chen, Shiao-Wei Kuo, Ya-An Hsieh, Shota Yamamoto, Jun Nakanishi, and Chih-Feng Huang
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atom transfer radical polyaddition (ATRPA) ,reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization ,functional polyesters ,poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) ,amphiphilic polymer bottlebrush ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Atom transfer radical polyaddition (ATRPA) was utilized herein to synthesize a specific functional polyester. We conducted ATRPA of 4-vinylbenzyl 2-bromo-2-phenylacetate (VBBPA) inimer and successfully obtained a linear type poly(VBBPA) (PVBBPA) polyester with benzylic bromides along the backbone. To obtain a novel amphiphilic polymer bottlebrush, however, the lateral ATRP chain extension of PVBBPA with N-vinyl pyrrolidone (NVP) met the problem of quantitative dimerization. By replacing the bromides to xanthate moieties efficiently, we thus observed a pseudo linear first order reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization to obtain novel poly(4-vinylbenzyl-2-phenylacetate)-g-poly(NVP) (PVBPA-g-PNVP) amphiphilic polymer bottlebrushes. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and particle size of the amphiphilic polymer bottlebrushes were characterized by fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (CMCs < 0.5 mg/mL; particle sizes = ca. 100 nm). Toward drug delivery application, we examined release profiles using a model drug of Nile red at different pH environments (3, 5, and 7). Eventually, low cytotoxicity and well cell uptake of the Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Epithelial (MDCK) for the polymer bottlebrush micelles were demonstrated.
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- 2019
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16. Biodegradable Redox-Sensitive Star Polymer Nanomicelles for Enhancing Doxorubicin Delivery
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Meng Li, Jian-Wei Guo, Wei-Qiu Wen, and Jem-Kun Chen
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adamantane ,star ,redox-sensitive ,nanomicelles ,biodegradable polymer ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
A typical amphiphilic star polymer adamantane-[poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-bis(2-carboxyethyl) sulfide-poly(ethylene glycol) monomethyl ether)]4 with a specific hydrophilic/redox-sensitive/hydrophobic structure was designed and synthesized through ring opening and esterification reactions. The self-assembled nanomicelles were used as doxorubicin (DOX) delivery vehicles with suitable critical micelle concentrations (5.0 mg/L). After the drug being loaded, drug-loaded micelles showed good drug-loading efficiency (10.39%), encapsulation efficiency (58.1%), and drug release (up to 60%) under simulated biological environment conditions. In addition, the backbone structure of the biodegradable polymer was easily hydrolyzed by the action of biological enzymes. As expected, cell-based studies showed that the designed polymer micelles possessed good biocompatibility (a survival rate of 85% for NH-3T3 cells). Moreover, the drug (DOX) still maintained good anti-cancer effects after being loaded, which caused 40% of MCF-7 cells to survive. These redox-sensitive micelles showed anti-tumor therapeutic potential.
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- 2019
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17. Coordination between Surface Lattice Resonances of Poly(glycidyl Methacrylate) Line Array and Surface Plasmon Resonances of CdS Quantum on Silicon Surface
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Shuenn-Kung Su, Feng-Ping Lin, Chih-Feng Huang, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen
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PGMA brush ,CdS quantum dots ,one-dimensional grating ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
In this work, a unique hybrid system is proposed for one-dimensional gratings comprising of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) brushes and CdS quantum dots (CQDs). Generally, the emission of QDs is too weak to be observed in a dry state. Plasmonic resonances of the grating structures can be used to enhance the light emission or absorption of CQDs. The interaction between PGMA plasmonic nanostructures and inorganic CQDs plays a crucial role in engineering the light harvest, notably for optoelectronic applications. Extinction measurements of the hybrid system consisting of a PGMA grating and CQDs are reported. We designed one-dimensional gratings with various resolutions to tune the absorptance peaks of grating. PGMA grating grafted from a 1.5 µm resolution of trench arrays of photoresist exhibited absorptance peak at 395 nm, close to the absorption peak of CQDs, resulting in the photoluminescence enhancement of CQDs on the grating due to high charge carriers’ recombination rate. Generally, the emission of quantum dots occurs under irradiation at characteristic wavelengths. Immobilizing QDs on the grating facilitates the emission of QDs under irradiation of full-wavelength light. Furthermore, the PGMA gratings with CQDs were immersed in various solvents to change the geometries resulting the shift of absorptance peak of grating. The proposed method could be applied for sensing the nature of the surrounding media and vice versa, as well as for various media of solvents.
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- 2019
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18. Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Miktoarm Star Copolymers through ROP, SA ATRC, and ATRP
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Venkatesan Sathesh, Jem-Kun Chen, Chi-Jung Chang, Junko Aimi, Zong-Cheng Chen, Yu-Chih Hsu, Yi-Shen Huang, and Chih-Feng Huang
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miktoarm star copolymers ,ring-opening polymerization ,styrenics-assisted atom transfer radical coupling ,atom transfer radical polymerization ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
The synthesis of novel branched/star copolymers which possess unique physical properties is highly desirable. Herein, a novel strategy was demonstrated to synthesize poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) based miktoarm star (μ-star) copolymers by combining ring-opening polymerization (ROP), styrenics-assisted atom transfer radical coupling (SA ATRC), and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). From the analyses of gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), well-defined PCL-μ-PSt (PSt: polystyrene), and PCL-μ-PtBA (PtBA: poly(tert-butyl acrylate) μ-star copolymers were successfully obtained. By using atomic force microscopy (AFM), interestingly, our preliminary examinations of the μ-star copolymers showed a spherical structure with diameters of ca. 250 and 45 nm, respectively. We successfully employed combinations of synthetic techniques including ROP, SA ATRC, and ATRP with high effectiveness to synthesize PCL-based μ-star copolymers.
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- 2018
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19. Synthesis of an Efficient S/N-Based Flame Retardant and Its Application in Polycarbonate
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Weiqiu Wen, Jianwei Guo, Xi Zhao, Xiong Li, Hongmei Yang, and Jem-Kun Chen
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flame retardant ,adamantane ,polycarbonate ,fire properties ,water-resistance ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Considering the poor compatibility and water-resistance of sulfonate flame retardants for polycarbonate (PC), an efficient S/N-based flame retardant named 1,3,5,7-tetrakis(phenyl-4-sulfonyl-melamine)adamantane (ASN) has been developed. Fire properties studies of PC/ASN blends indicate that the addition of 0.10 wt % ASN imparts a V-0 rating and a limited oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.1% to PC specimens, and ASN can suppress the heat and toxic gas release of PC composites. Additionally, PC/ASN blends are believed to be exceptional materials for outdoor PC applications due to their superior water-resistance properties. Moreover, mechanical properties were further systematically investigated, and the correlative results indicate that the tensile strength and rigidity of specimens are improved with the addition of ASN.
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- 2018
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20. pH-Sensitive Micelles Based on Star Copolymer Ad-(PCL-b-PDEAEMA-b-PPEGMA)4 for Controlled Drug Delivery
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Huiyan Yang, Jianwei Guo, Rui Tong, Chufen Yang, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
anti-cancer drug delivery ,polymeric micelles ,pH-responsive ,star polymer ,adamantane ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Enhancing drug loading efficacy and stability of polymeric micelles remains a grand challenge. Here we develop adamantane-based star copolymers adamantane-[poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate)]4 (Ad-(PCL-b-PDEAEMA-b-PPEGMA)4) and their self-assembled micelles for controlled drug delivery. Results show that the polymers have excellent stability in solution with low critical micelle concentration (CMC) (0.0025–0.0034 mg/mL) and the apparent base dissociation constant (pKb) of the polymers is from 5.31 to 6.05. Dynamic light scattering analysis exhibits the great environmental response capability of the pH-sensitive micelles according to particle sizes and zeta potentials. With the synergy effect of the adamantane and hydrophobic block, the micelles display the high Doxorubicin (DOX) loading efficacy (up to 22.4%). The DOX release study shows that the micelles are capable of controlled release for drug. This work indicates the Ad-(PCL-b-PDEAEMA-b-PPEGMA)4 micelles may provide new guidelines for drug control and release system in overcoming cancer treatment.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Synthesis of PNVP-Based Copolymers with Tunable Thermosensitivity by Sequential Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer Copolymerization and Ring-Opening Polymerization
- Author
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Yi-Shen Huang, Jem-Kun Chen, Tao Chen, and Chih-Feng Huang
- Subjects
poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) ,RAFT copolymerization ,ring-opening polymerization ,thermosensitive block copolymer ,poly(ε-caprolactone) ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
Through the reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization of 3-ethyl-1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone (C2NVP) and N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), a series of well-defined P(C2NVP-co-NVP) copolymers were synthesized (Mn = ca. 8000 to 16,000 and Mw/Mn
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Real-Time Packing Behavior of Core-Shell Silica@Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Microspheres as Photonic Crystals for Visualizing in Thermal Sensing
- Author
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Karthikeyan Manivannan, Yi-Shen Huang, Bohr-Ran Huang, Chih-Feng Huang, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
core-shell ,SiO2 microsphere ,structural color ,photonic crystals ,polymerization ,Organic chemistry ,QD241-441 - Abstract
We grafted thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) brushes from monodisperse SiO2 microspheres through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI ATRP) to generate core-shell structured SiO2@PNIPAM microspheres (SPMs). Regular-sized SPMs dispersed in aqueous solution and packed as photonic crystals (PCs) in dry state. Because of the microscale of the SPMs, the packing behavior of the PCs in water can be observed by optical microscopy. By increasing the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM, the reversible swelling and shrinking of the PNIPAM shell resulted in dispersion and precipitation (three-dimensional aggregation) of the SPM in aqueous solution. The SPMs were microdispersed in a water layer to accommodate the aggregation along two dimensions. In the microdispersion, the SPMs are packed as PCs with microscale spacing between SPMs below the LCST. When the temperature is increased above the LCST, the microdispersed PCs exhibited a close-packed arrangement along two dimensions with decreased spacing between SPMs. The change in spacing with increasing temperature above the LCST resulted in a color change from red to blue, which could be observed by the naked eye at an incident angle. Thus, the SPM array could be applied as a visual temperature sensor.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Sustainable waste textile upcycling by selective dye decoloration using ionic liquid and Bi11VO19 photocatalyst
- Author
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Chi-Jung Chang, Yu-Chieh Kao, Jem-Kun Chen, Hao-Cheng Zhang, and Shu-Yii Wu
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering - Published
- 2023
24. LSPR Sensing of Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecules through Sphere and Cavity Plasmons of a Composite Ring Array of Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]/Gold Nanoparticles
- Author
-
Chih-Wei Chen, Xiang-Yun Zeng, Chih-Chia Cheng, Chih-Feng Wang, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
Metal Nanoparticles ,Gold ,Surface Plasmon Resonance ,Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
Self-organization facilitates the formation of specific structures as a result of constituent interactions. In this study, the bottom of a 600 nm hole array photoresist template, which was deposited with a hydrophobic atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator, was wetted by treatment with oxygen plasma. After the removal of the photoresist template, ring patterns of the ATRP initiator were formed at the interface between the hydrophobic and wetting regions. Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA) was grafted from the ring array of the initiator to immobilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as a uniform ring array on a silicon substrate via repeated swelling/shrinking cycles. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of the PDMAEMA-AuNP hybrid ring (PAHR) red-shifted after 12 swelling/shrinking cycles. In comparison to gold nanoparticles, scalable gold nanorings can effectively develop a variety of nanostructures to design LSPR-based sensors and optimize the sensing accuracy and stability. To detect epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM) during the structural change from a ring to a disk, antiEpCAM was anchored onto the PAHR as a biosensor during swelling/shrinking. The coupling of antiEpCAM and EpCAM led to asymptotical convergence from rings to disks as well as blue shifts of the LSPR peaks. Linear correlation between the blue shift and EpCAM concentration showed a limit of detection of ∼27 pg mL
- Published
- 2022
25. Performance Enhancement of Electrochemiluminescence with the Immunosensor Controlled Using Magnetized Masks for the Determination of Epithelial Cancer Biomarker EpCAM
- Author
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Chun-Yao Huang, Feng-Yen Lin, Chi-Jung Chang, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
The performance of an electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor was improved with a particle gradient. SiO
- Published
- 2022
26. Hydrogen Bond Strength-Mediated Self-Assembly of Supramolecular Nanogels for Selective and Effective Cancer Treatment
- Author
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Juin-Yih Lai, Chih-Chia Cheng, Duu-Jong Lee, Fasih Bintang Ilhami, Ai-Wei Lee, Yu-Hsuan Chiao, Ya-Tang Yang, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Drug Carriers ,Polymers and Plastics ,Hydrogen bond ,Supramolecular chemistry ,Nanogels ,Hydrogen Bonding ,Bioengineering ,Polyethylene Glycols ,Biomaterials ,Supramolecular polymers ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Neoplasms ,Drug delivery ,Cancer cell ,Materials Chemistry ,Biophysics ,Humans ,Nanocarriers ,Cytotoxicity ,Ethylene glycol ,Micelles ,Hydrogen - Abstract
This study provides a significant contribution to the development of multiple hydrogen-bonded supramolecular nanocarrier systems by demonstrating that controlling the hydrogen bond strength within supramolecular polymers represents a crucial factor to tailor the drug delivery performance and enhance the effectiveness of cancer therapy. Herein, we successfully developed two kinds of poly(ethylene glycol)-based telechelic polymers Cy-PEG and UrCy-PEG having self-constituted double and quadruple hydrogen-bonding cytosine (Cy) and ureido-cytosine (UrCy) end-capped groups, respectively, which directly assemble into spherical nanogels with a number of interesting physical characteristics in aqueous solutions. The UrCy-PEG nanogels containing quadruple hydrogen-bonded UrCy dimers exhibited excellent long-term structural stability in a serum-containing biological medium, whereas the double hydrogen-bonded Cy moieties could not maintain the structural integrity of the Cy-PEG nanogels. More importantly, after the drug encapsulation process, a series of in vitro experiments clearly confirmed that drug-loaded UrCy-PEG nanogels induced selective apoptotic cell death in cancer cells without causing significant cytotoxicity to healthy cells, while drug-loaded Cy-PEG nanogels exerted nonselective cytotoxicity toward both cancer and normal cells, indicating that increasing the strength of hydrogen bonds in nanogels plays a key role in enhancing the selective cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of drugs and the subsequent induction of apoptosis in cancer cells.
- Published
- 2021
27. Metal Complex/ZnS-Modified Ni Foam as Magnetically Stirrable Photocatalysts: Roles of Redox Mediators and Carrier Dynamics Monitored by Operando Synchrotron X-ray Spectroscopy
- Author
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Chi-Jung Chang, Pei-Yao Chao, Jem-Kun Chen, Arul Pundi, Yuan-Hsiang Yu, Chao-Lung Chiang, and Yan-Gu Lin
- Subjects
General Materials Science - Abstract
Magnetically stirrable photocatalysts binding the ZnS-decorated Ni foam with the metal complex cocatalyst as a redox mediator and light-absorbing composition were investigated. Loading metal complex can improve light absorption, surface hydrophilicity, interfacial charge migration, and H
- Published
- 2022
28. An eco-friendly method to prepare superwetting composites by modifying cotton with TA/FeIII/PDDA coatings for highly effective separations of emulsions
- Author
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Jittrakorn Udomsin, Ching-Hsuan Lin, Chih-Feng Wang, Jem-Kun Chen, Hsieh-Chih Tsai, Wei-Song Hung, Chien-Chieh Hu, and Juin-Yih Lai
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,Organic Chemistry ,Materials Chemistry ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films - Published
- 2023
29. Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]/gold nanoparticle composite dual-stripe nanowire arrays as optical biosensors for label-free plague diagnosis
- Author
-
Jem-Kun Chen, Xiang-Yun Zeng, Chi-Jung Chang, and Chih-Wei Chen
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,General Chemistry - Published
- 2023
30. Fabrication of localized surface plasmon resonance sensors with scalable polyvinyltetrazole/copper cluster hybrid ring-array for Cu(II) detection
- Author
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Jem-Kun Chen, Xiang-Yun Zeng, Chih-Chia Cheng, and Chih-Wei Chen
- Subjects
Analytical Chemistry - Published
- 2023
31. Improved H2 production of ZnO@ZnS nanorod-decorated Ni foam immobilized photocatalysts
- Author
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Chi-Jung Chang, Chieh-Lin Huang, Jem-Kun Chen, Kuen-Song Lin, and Ci-You Huang
- Subjects
Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Sulfidation ,Energy Engineering and Power Technology ,Substrate (chemistry) ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,Hydrothermal circulation ,0104 chemical sciences ,Fuel Technology ,Chemical engineering ,Superhydrophilicity ,Photocatalysis ,Nanorod ,Wetting ,0210 nano-technology ,Hydrogen production - Abstract
ZnO@ZnS nanorod-decorated Ni foam was prepared as a self-supported photocatalyst for hydrogen generation through a two-step method, including the formation of the ZnO nanorod core by a hydrothermal method, and the fabrication of the ZnS shell by a sulfidation method. The impact of the ZnS shell thickness was studied, including the influence on the optical properties, surface wettability, separation of photoexcited charge carriers, and photocatalytic hydrogen generation performance. Formation of the core-shell ZnO@ZnS structure and the incorporation of the conductive Ni foam substrate can enhance the separation of photoexcited carriers of the immobilized photocatalyst. The formation of ZnO@ZnS nanorods on the Ni foam resulted in a change in the surface from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic. The porous texture of the Ni foam facilitates the effective contact between the sacrificial agent and the immobilized photocatalyst. The ZnO@ZnS/Ni foam photocatalyst that was synthesized using a sulfidation time of 4 h, (namely, NZS4), exhibited H2 generation activity of 5860 μmol g−1 h−1, which is approximately three-fold that of the ZnO/Ni foam photocatalyst (named NZ). After being reused for three cycles, with a simple washing between cycles, the NZS4 photocatalyst retained 90% of its hydrogen generation activity.
- Published
- 2021
32. Self-assembled nanoparticles formed via complementary nucleobase pair interactions between drugs and nanocarriers for highly efficient tumor-selective chemotherapy
- Author
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Ai Chung, Fasih Bintang Ilhami, Chih-Chia Cheng, Yihalem Abebe Alemayehu, Ai-Wei Lee, Jem-Kun Chen, and Juin-Yih Lai
- Subjects
Rhodamine ,Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemistry ,Cancer cell ,Materials Chemistry ,Biophysics ,Nanoparticle ,General Materials Science ,Uracil ,Nanocarriers ,Cytotoxicity ,Nucleobase - Abstract
We report a significant breakthrough in the development of complementary hydrogen-bonded drug-carrier systems, namely the construction of self-assembled nanoparticles with desirable functionalities conferred by the presence of stable complementary uracil–adenine (U–A) hydrogen bonding interactions between the drug and carrier complex. Herein, an adenine-functionalized rhodamine derivative (A-R6G) was successfully synthesized, and exhibited a variety of interesting physical properties including unique hydrophobicity, hydrogen bond-modulated green-fluorescence behavior and potent tumor-cell specific cytotoxicity. A-R6G strongly associates with uracil end-capped difunctional poly(propylene glycol) (BU-PPG) to spontaneously form spherical nanoparticles in aqueous solution due to the complementary U–A interactions between the drug and the carrier. These nanoparticles possess several interesting physical properties, such as ultrahigh drug loading content (up to 84.3%), a wide-range tunable drug loading ratio, high A-R6G-encapsulation stability in serum-rich culture media and pH/temperature-sensitive controlled drug release; these properties are very rare in drug-loaded nanoparticles, but are extremely desirable for drug-delivery applications based on polymeric micelles. Surprisingly, A-R6G-loaded nanoparticles exhibited selective cytotoxicity against cancer cells but had no effects on normal cells, whereas control rhodamine 6G-loaded nanoparticles displayed potent non-selective cytotoxicity, suggesting that the U–A interactions within the nanoparticles critically enhance the tumor-selective cytotoxicity of A-R6G towards cancer cells. Importantly, fluorescence imaging and flow cytometric assays confirmed that A-R6G-loaded nanoparticles were selectively delivered into cancer cells via an endocytic pathway and subsequently induced apoptotic cell death, but had minimal cytotoxic effects on normal cells. Thus, this complementary drug-carrier system has the ability to achieve targeted cancer chemotherapy with high therapeutic efficacy and safety.
- Published
- 2021
33. Fabrication of scalable poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)/gold nanoparticles composite ring array as LSPR sensor for label-free biosensor application
- Author
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Yu-Xiang Chang, Chih-Feng Wang, Chi-Jung Chang, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
Materials Chemistry ,Metals and Alloys ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Instrumentation ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials - Published
- 2023
34. CO2-Responsive Water-Soluble Conjugated Polymers for In Vitro and In Vivo Biological Imaging
- Author
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You Cheng Lai, Chih-Chia Cheng, Juin-Yih Lai, Jem-Kun Chen, Yeong-Tarng Shieh, Yi Hsuan Chang, Duu-Jong Lee, and Ai Wei Lee
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Polymers and Plastics ,Biocompatibility ,Tertiary amine ,Chemistry ,Bioengineering ,Polymer ,Conjugated system ,Fluorescence ,Biomaterials ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,In vivo ,Materials Chemistry ,Biophysics ,Polythiophene ,Surface charge - Abstract
Water-soluble conjugated polymers (WCPs) composed of a hydrophobic polythiophene main chain with hydrophilic tertiary amine side-chains can directly self-assemble into sphere-like nano-objects in an aqueous solution due to phase separation between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments of the polymeric structure. Due to the presence of gas-responsive tertiary amine moieties in the spherical structure, the resulting polymers rapidly and reversibly tune their structural features, surface charge, and fluorescence performance in response to alternating carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen (N2) bubbling, which leads to significantly enhanced fluorescence and surface charge switching properties and a stable cycle of on and off switching response. In vitro studies confirmed that the CO2-treated polymers exhibited extremely low cytotoxicity and enhanced cellular uptake ability in normal and tumor cells, and thus possess significantly improved fluorescence stability, distribution, and endocytic uptake efficiency within cellular organisms compared to the pristine polymer. More importantly, in vivo assays demonstrated that the CO2-treated polymers displayed excellent biocompatibility and high fluorescence enhancement in living zebrafish, whereas the fluorescence intensity and stability of zebrafish incubated with the pristine polymer decreased linearly over time. Thus, these CO2 and N2-responsive WCPs could potentially be applied as multifunctional fluorescent probes for in vivo biological imaging.
- Published
- 2020
35. Multifunctional adenine-functionalized supramolecular micelles for highly selective and effective cancer chemotherapy
- Author
-
Chih-Chia Cheng, Shan-You Huang, Chen-Yu Kao, Fasih Bintang Ilhami, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Polymers and Plastics ,Biocompatibility ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Supramolecular chemistry ,Bioengineering ,Biochemistry ,Micelle ,Supramolecular polymers ,Drug delivery ,Cancer cell ,Biophysics ,Cytotoxic T cell ,Cytotoxicity - Abstract
The facile construction of supramolecular polymers—incorporating self-complementary hydrogen bonds—with the chemical and physical properties required to achieve selective, safe, reliable drug delivery for chemotherapy remains highly challenging. In this study, we have successfully developed a new supramolecular polymer containing difunctional adenine-containing end groups that spontaneously self-assembles into nanospherical micelles in water and aqueous buffer solutions. The resulting supramolecular micelles exhibit good biocompatibility and tunable, reversible thermo-responsive phase transitions. Moreover, the drug-loading capacity and release behavior could be finely tuned using pH and temperature, making the micelles highly attractive potential candidates for controlled drug-delivery applications. Cytotoxicity assays and flow cytometric analyses clearly demonstrated that the drug-loaded micelles exhibited excellent drug entrapment stability and minimal cytotoxic effects against normal cells under normal physiological conditions. However, significantly increased intracellular uptake of the micelles—along with potent cytotoxic effects—was observed in cancer cells, indicating that the drug-loaded micelles could be selectively and rapidly endocytosed by cancer cells to induce tumor cell death without harming normal cells. Thus, this newly developed system has great potential as a selective tumor-targeted nanovector to improve the safety and efficacy of cancer chemotherapy.
- Published
- 2020
36. Glucose-responsive nanogate of poly(methacrylic acid) brush-glucosamine network capping on the holes of chips for controlled insulin release
- Author
-
Feng-Yen Lin, Bohr-Ran Huang, Chun-Yao Huang, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,General Chemistry - Published
- 2022
37. MnO2 nanoparticle encapsulated in polyelectrolytic hybrids from alkyl functionalized carboxymethyl cellulose and azide functionalized gelatin to treat tumors by photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy
- Author
-
Darieo Thankachan, Rajeshkumar Anbazhagan, Rajakumari Krishnamoorthi, Hsieh Chih Tsai, Hailemichael Tegenu Gebrie, Haile Fentahun Darge, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,General Chemistry - Published
- 2022
38. Sustainable, biocompatible, and mass-producible superwetting water caltrop shell biochars for emulsion separations
- Author
-
Chih-Feng, Wang, Xin-Yu, Huang, Hong-Ping, Lin, Jem-Kun, Chen, Hsieh-Chih, Tsai, Wei-Song, Hung, Chien-Chieh, Hu, and Juin-Yih, Lai
- Subjects
Surface-Active Agents ,Environmental Engineering ,Charcoal ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Environmental Chemistry ,Emulsions ,Wastewater ,Oils ,Pollution ,Waste Management and Disposal - Abstract
The separation of oily wastewater, specifically emulsions, is a crucial global issue. Possible strategies for the efficient separation of emulsified oil/water mixtures through sustainable and environmentally friendly materials have recently drawn considerable attention. In our study, we prepared superwetting water caltrop shell biochar (WCSB) via a top-lit-updraft carbonization procedure. The as-prepared WCSB was characterized by superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity, underoil superhydrophilicity, and underoil water adsorption ability. Because of its superwetting properties, WCSB was used for the separation of both surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions (SOIWEs) and surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions (SWIOEs) with very high fluxes (up to 74,700 and 241,000 L m
- Published
- 2022
39. One-Dimensional Diffraction Grating of Poly(Methacrylic Acid) Brushes For The Rapid Label-Free Detection of Yersinia Pestis With a Reflective Laser System
- Author
-
Hui-Ling Hsu, Feng-Ping Lin, Hsin-Hsien Huang, Jem-Kun Chen, Hui-Chung Lin, and Chien-Hsing Lu
- Subjects
Poly(methacrylic acid) ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Materials science ,Yersinia pestis ,biology ,chemistry ,law ,Laser ,biology.organism_classification ,Photochemistry ,Diffraction grating ,law.invention ,Label free - Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
- Published
- 2021
40. Gradients of a Sandwich-structured Immunosensor Controlled Using Magnetized Masks for Determination of Human Serum Albumin Using Electrochemiluminescence
- Author
-
Chien-Hsing Lu, Chun-Yao Huang, Jem-Kun Chen, Bohr-Ran Huang, and Chi-Jung Chang
- Subjects
Chromatography ,Chemistry ,medicine ,Electrochemiluminescence ,Human serum albumin ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
- Published
- 2021
41. Naked-eye colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent Schiff base sensor for cyanide and aluminum (III) detection in food samples and cell imaging applications
- Author
-
Chun-Hung Chou, Arul Pundi, Jem-Kun Chen, Shih-Rong Hsieh, Chi-Jung Chang, Tzong-Der Way, and Ming-Ching Lee
- Subjects
Detection limit ,Schiff base ,Aqueous solution ,Cyanides ,Cyanide ,Imine ,Photochemistry ,Fluorescence ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Spectrometry, Fluorescence ,chemistry ,Titration ,Colorimetry ,Naked eye ,Instrumentation ,Spectroscopy ,Schiff Bases ,Aluminum ,Fluorescent Dyes - Abstract
A new efficient Schiff base sensor SB3 for fluorescent and colorimetric “naked-eye” “turn-on” sensing of cyanide anion (CN–) with excellent sensitivity and selectivity was developed. The 4,4'-(perfluoropropane-2,2-diyl)bisphenol group and two phenyl groups were covalently linked by two C = N bonds to extend the conjugation length. The four hydroxyl groups can improve the water solubility of the SB3 sensor. The SB3 sensor exhibited high specificity towards CN− by interrupting its intramolecular charge transfer, resulting in a color change and remarkable “turn-on” green fluorescence emission. The sensing mechanism is caused by the nucleophilic addition of CN– toward imine groups of the SB3 sensor, leading to breaks of the conjugation, fluorescent spectral changes, and color change. It was confirmed by 1H NMR titration and Mass spectra. The detection limits for CN– and Al3+obtained by fluorescence spectrum are 0.80 µM and 0.25 µM, respectively. The SB3 sensor can act as an efficient chemical sensor for detecting the CN– and Al3+ ions under common environmental and physiological conditions (pH 5–12). Besides, the sensor can also detect CN− in food materials (such as sprouting potatoes and cassava flour) and imaging CN− in living cells with strong “turn-on” fluorescence at 490 nm. SB3 is an excellent CN– sensor that exhibits some advantages, including easy synthesis, distinct fluorescence and color change, high selectivity, low detection limit, and good anti-interference ability to analyze solution and food samples, together with fluorescence cell imaging.
- Published
- 2021
42. Thin film metallic glass as an effective coating for enhancing oil/water separation of electrospun polyacrylonitrile membrane
- Author
-
Yo-Chuan Liao, Shewaye Temesgen Kassa, Jinn P. Chu, Chien-Chieh Hu, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
Materials science ,Fouling ,Polyacrylonitrile ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Sputter deposition ,engineering.material ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Contact angle ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Coating ,Chemical engineering ,Materials Chemistry ,engineering ,Surface modification ,Thermal stability ,Thin film ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
Thin film metallic glass (TFMG) is next-generation materials that are gaining importance in surface modification. In this work, we used magnetron sputtering to coat electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membrane with Zr-based TFMG (Zr53Cu26Al16Ni5) to enable the separation of oil and water. The proposed coating also provides protection from chemical and thermal degradation as well as irreversible internal fouling. The smooth TFMG coating also provides a strongly hydrophobic surface (water contact angle of 136°). We also investigated the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactant on oil/water separation performance. The resulting combination of the hydrophobic TFMG-coated membrane with the surfactant enabled oil rejection performance ranging from 95% to 100%, depending on the concentration of SDS. This work confirms that membrane-related problems such as fouling, chemical, and thermal stability can be resolved through the application of metallic glass coatings.
- Published
- 2019
43. AgI-BiOI-graphene composite photocatalysts with enhanced interfacial charge transfer and photocatalytic H2 production activity
- Author
-
Pei-Yao Chao, Chi-Jung Chang, Jem-Kun Chen, and Yan-Gu Lin
- Subjects
Photocurrent ,Materials science ,Photoluminescence ,Graphene ,General Physics and Astronomy ,02 engineering and technology ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Crystal structure ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Condensed Matter Physics ,01 natural sciences ,XANES ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,law.invention ,Nanocrystal ,Chemical engineering ,law ,Phase (matter) ,Photocatalysis ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
BiOI-based photocatalysts were proved to exhibit photocatalytic H2 production activity. AgI-BiOI-graphene showed better H2 production activity than BiOI and BiOI-graphene. The surface chemistry, electronic property, phase structure, morphology, optical property and photocatalytic performance of these photocatalysts were studied. The interfacial electronic states of the photocatalysts were investigated through their C K-edge near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) spectra. Based on the in situ NEXAFS spectra measured with and without illumination, a mechanism about the transport of photoelectron from AgI to graphene through BiOI is proposed for the photocatalytic H2 production process. The incorporation of graphene restricted the three-dimensional self-assembly of BiOI nanocrystals and led to the formation of less extensively crystallized BiOI domains through a confined-space effect. Addition of AgNO3 precursor altered the crystal structure of BiOI from flower-like to horizontally stacked flat plates. The results of NEXAFS spectra, photoluminescence spectra and photocurrent tests reveal that the improved photocatalytic activity of the AgI-BiOI-graphene photocatalyst is attributable to the interfacial interaction among AgI, BiOI and graphene, which enhanced the separation of photogenerated electrons to generate H2. AgI-BiOI-graphene photocatalyst was a stable photocatalyst for the production of H2. After three cycles, 86% activity of recycled photocatalysts was retained.
- Published
- 2019
44. Fabrication of silver seeds and nanoparticle on core-shell Ag@SiO2 nanohybrids for combined photothermal therapy and bioimaging
- Author
-
Hsieh-Chih Tsai, Karthikeyan Manivannan, Chih-Chia Cheng, Rajeshkumar Anbazhagan, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
Fabrication ,Materials science ,Biocompatibility ,biology ,Nanoparticle ,02 engineering and technology ,Photothermal therapy ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films ,Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials ,Biomaterials ,Core shell ,HeLa ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Colloid and Surface Chemistry ,chemistry ,Propidium iodide ,0210 nano-technology ,Visible spectrum ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
In this study, two core-shell nanohybrids of different morphologies, namely SiO2-coated silver (Ag) with surface-exposed silver seeds (Ag@SiO2@Agseed) and SiO2-coated Ag with surface-exposed Ag nanoparticles (Ag@SiO2@AgNPs), were fabricated using the Stober method. Potential applications in bioimaging and photothermal therapy (PTT) of the two fabricated nanohybrids were also explored. Upon exposure to visible light (400 nm), Ag@SiO2@Agseed with surface-exposed Ag seeds exhibited greater photothermal conversion efficiency than Ag@SiO2@AgNPs. In vitro MTT assays in the dark and subsequent bioimaging using HeLa cells proved the potential biocompatibility of the fabricated core-shell nanohybrids. PTT applications of the two fabricated core-shell nanohybrids were studied by incubating HeLa cells with the nanohybrids, exposure to 400 nm laser, and subsequent staining with annexin V and propidium iodide (PI), and the two core-shell nanohybrids gave distinctively different PI staining results. Interestingly, Ag@SiO2@Agseed caused higher cell death upon light exposure compared to Ag@SiO2@AgNPs as the former generated more heat within the cells. These results demonstrated potential bioimaging and PPT applications of the fabricated core-shell nanohybrids and offer a novel candidate for phototherapy-based biomedical applications.
- Published
- 2019
45. Polymer-coated gauze as efficient, reusable and economically viable adsorbents for the removal of Ni2+ ion
- Author
-
Chi-Jung Chang, Jem-Kun Chen, Chen-Yi Chou, Ming-Ching Lee, P. Madhusudhana Reddy, and Chih-Feng Huang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Scanning electron microscope ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Adsorption ,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,Desorption ,Materials Chemistry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Freundlich equation ,Wetting ,Absorption (chemistry) ,0210 nano-technology - Abstract
This study describes an effective method for the removal of nickel ions (Ni2+) from the water by repetitive absorption and regeneration (desorption) cycles using immobilized adsorbents. Polyethyleneimine (PEI) based epoxy coated gauzes having the high density of active sites were prepared as immobilized adsorbents. The adsorption of Ni2+ by the PEI based epoxy coated gauze was confirmed by the analysis of the immobilized surface using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effects of type of the cross-linking agents and PEI/cross-linker molar ratio on the adsorption efficiency were studied. The surface wettability of the immobilized adsorbent was evaluated using dynamic contact angle measurements. The adsorption behaviors can be fitted with the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The adsorption of the Ni2+ was studied at various treatment time and pH. Because of the porous structure and large surface area of the gauze based adsorbent, together with the large amount of oxygen atoms and amine groups on the molecular chain of adsorbent, the optimized adsorption capacity for Ni2+ can reach 650 mg/g. More importantly, the adsorbent has retained its adsorption capability even after repeated adsorption-desorption cycles.
- Published
- 2019
46. Detection of heavy metal ion using photonic crystals of polymer brushes with reflective laser beam system
- Author
-
Pai-Chien Chou, Shih-Hsun Chen, Chi-Jung Chang, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
General Physics and Astronomy ,Surfaces and Interfaces ,General Chemistry ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Surfaces, Coatings and Films - Published
- 2022
47. Isolation and label-free detection of circulating tumour cells by fluidic diffraction chips with a reflective laser beam system
- Author
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Feng-Ping Lin, Hui-Ling Hsu, Chi-Jung Chang, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
General Chemical Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Chemistry ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering - Published
- 2022
48. Correction to Electrorheological Sensor Encapsulating Microsphere Media for Plague Diagnosis with Rapid Visualization
- Author
-
Pai-Chien Chou, Feng-Ping Lin, Hui-Ling Hsu, Chi-Jung Chang, Chien-Hsing Lu, and Jem-Kun Chen
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Bioengineering ,Instrumentation - Published
- 2022
49. Immobilization of antibody conjugated ZnS quantum dots onto poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) nanofibers with Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) grafts as reversibly fluorescence immunoassay
- Author
-
Po Li Wei, Yi Hui Wu, Jem-Kun Chen, Jian-Wei Guo, and Yan Jiun Huang
- Subjects
Process Chemistry and Technology ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,Conjugated system ,010402 general chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Grafting ,01 natural sciences ,Fluorescence ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,Phenylene ,Nanofiber ,Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) ,0210 nano-technology ,Biosensor ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
In this study a reversibly fluorescence immunoassay was prepared through grafting, using hydrogen bonding, of an antibody-conjugated ZnS quantum dots (ZQD-antiHA) onto an electrospun poly (2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) fibrous mats (EPFM) with poly (n-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) grafts. The PPO was first electrospun into a fibrous mat, then brominated and reacted with NaN3 to generate the azido-terminated EPFMs. A propargyl-terminated poly (n-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was synthesized and grafted onto the azido-terminated EPFMs. ZQDs were conjugated by antibodies (antiHA) to adsorb onto the PNIPAAm grafts of EPFMs with hydrogen bonding. Because of the stronger interaction between antigen (HA) and antibody (antiHA), the hydrogen bonding was blocked due to the introduction of the antigen which resulted in the desorption the ZQDs from the EPFMs. The blue fluorescence of the PNIPAAm-grafted EPFMs with antibody-conjugated ZQDs was disappeared while immersing in the solution of antigen. The 3.82 mg/m2 of ZQDs on the PNIPAAm grafts EPFMs significantly reduced to 0.22 mg/m2 after the immersion of the antigen solution which verified the transference of the ZQDs from EPFMs to the solution. The behavior of adsorption and desorption of the ZQDs was reversible up to five cycles. The revisable fluorescence immunoassay of EPFMs with PNIPAAm grafts experimentally exhibited a high potential in a simple setup for biosensing with its unique sensitivity and selectivity.
- Published
- 2018
50. Performance enhancement by particle gradient assembly patterning of electrochemiluminescence immunosensor formed using magnetolithgraphy in determination of human serum albumin
- Author
-
Bao-Yu Liao, Chien-Hsing Lu, Jem-Kun Chen, Chih-Feng Wang, and Chih-Chia Cheng
- Subjects
Working electrode ,Materials science ,Biomedical Engineering ,Biophysics ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Nanotechnology ,Serum Albumin, Human ,02 engineering and technology ,Biosensing Techniques ,01 natural sciences ,Limit of Detection ,Quantum Dots ,Electrochemistry ,medicine ,Cadmium Compounds ,Electrochemiluminescence ,Humans ,Detection limit ,Immunoassay ,biology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,General Medicine ,Electrochemical Techniques ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Human serum albumin ,Silicon Dioxide ,Magnetolithography ,0104 chemical sciences ,Linear range ,Quantum dot ,Luminescent Measurements ,biology.protein ,Protein G ,Tellurium ,0210 nano-technology ,Biotechnology ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Gradient properties facilitate the correlation of chemical and physical features of particles on the structure and adherent fate. Herein, performance enhancement is explored by particle gradient assembly patterning (PGAP) formed with magnetic field gradient (MFG) by magnetolithography (ML) in the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) measurement. Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were selected as nanocarriers and coated with a SiO2 layer for immobilization of primary antibodies. CdTe quantum dots with protein G coatings were selected as signal labels and conjugated with secondary antibodies. Magnetized 500-nm pillar, 1 μm- and 3 μm-line arrays of nickel were placed behind the working electrode modifying the sandwich-structured ECL immunosensor to form various PGAPs. A performance enhancement of ca. 2.4 times was observed when comparing the PGAP-free immunosensor to the researched gradient immunosensor, formed with a magnetized 3 μm-line array of nickel. This concludes that the sensitivity of an ECL immunosensor has been enhanced due to PGAP properties. When the immunosensor with PGAP properties was used to quantify human serum albumin, it exhibited a wide linear range (10–480 ng/mL), and a limit of detection of 10 ng/mL. PGAP properties, formed with MFG by ML, provides a simple method to improve the ECL performance.
- Published
- 2021
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