Search

The cultivation of field crops in recent decades has been marked by the negative impacts of climate change, increased risk of soil degradation and the risk of environmental stress, and the latest challenge is the increase in the price of energy sources and mineral fertilizers. At the same time, in the Republic of Croatia there is a large proportion of arable soils with low SOM content, like in the soils analyzed in 2020, almost half of the soil was found to have less than 2% SOM with an average content of

U Slavoniji i Baranji tradicionalna obrada mesa (kolinje) ne predstavlja samo potrebu za preživljavanjem kroz konzumaciju mesne hrane bogate mastima i proteinima u zimskim mjesecima. Ono tradicionalno, a i danas, predstavlja povezivanje ljudi, očuvanje običaja, starih zanata prerade mesa kroz neke nove prakse, povratak selu kao sinonimu djetinjstva i zdrave hrane. U cilju utvrđivanja u kojoj se mjeri i dalje održava tradicija kolinja u Slavoniji i Baranji te identificiranja stavova o tradicionalnim načinima obrade svinjskog mesa (kolinje), provedeno je online anketno istraživanje na uzorku od 889 ispitanika s područja Osječko-baranjske županije. Istraživanjem su utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u stavovima ispitanika vezanim za tvrdnje kolinje doprinosi očuvanju tradicije, kulture i običaja Slavonije i Baranje (p < 0, 01) i kolinje doprinosi povezivanju ruralnog stanovništva (p < 0, 01) u odnosu na spol ispitanika i tvrdnji kolinje doprinosi deruralizaciji (p < 0, 05) i danas je uzgoj svinja skuplji, te samim time i obrada mesa (p < 0, 01) u odnosu na ekonomski status obitelji ispitanika.

Cilj disertacije bio je dobiti pregled stavova i uvjerenja potrošača prema nekim od aspekata društvenih zahtjeva (održivost, biološka raznolikost i ruralni razvoj te dobrobit životinja) te ispitati utjecaj informacija (o proizvodnom sustavu, boji mesa i zemljopisnim oznakama) na izbor i ponašanje potrošača u korist lokalne pasmine svinja, u ovom slučaju pasmine crne slavonske svinje, ali također pružiti potporu u znanju proizvođačima, kreatorima nacionalne poljoprivredno prehrambene politike i trgovcima. Hrvatski potrošači su nasumično raspoređeni u jedan od tretmana (kontrolni ili informacijski) u online anketi. Potrošači (n = 410) su odgovarali na pitanja vezana o kupovnim namjerama, percepcijama i uvjerenjima. Hipotetski eksperiment odabira korišten je za ispitivanje preferencija potrošača i njihove spremnosti za plaćanje (WTP) premium cijene za svježe meso crne slavonske svinje uzgojene u otvorenom i poluotvorenom sustavu držanja. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da hrvatski potrošači preferiraju svježi but bez kosti od crne slavonske svinje uzgajane u oba sustava i označen s oznakom kontinentalna Hrvatska + ZOI (zaštićena oznaka izvornosti) u odnosu na svježi but bez kosti proizveden od svinja uzgajanih na konvencionalni način (intenzivni – zatvoreni sustav proizvodnje) bez oznake. Tretman s informacijom također se pokazao važnim, jer rezultati pokazuju da su informacije dane potrošačima o proizvodnom sustavu (koji je u skladu s dobrobiti životinja, zaštitom okoliša i očuvanjem bioraznolikosti), boji mesa i zemljopisnim oznakama pozitivno utjecale na odluke potrošača dajući veliku važnost istraživanim društvenim zahtjevima u vezi s održivošću, očuvanjem biološke raznolikosti i dobrobiti životinja. Evidentno je da bi odgovarajuće označavanje i informacije na proizvodu mogle pozitivno utjecati na preferencije potrošača, što ukazuje na važnost isticanja tradicionalnih karakteristika (sustav proizvodnje, tamnija boja mesa i područje proizvodnje) svježeg mesa crne slavonske svinje na ambalaži u promotivnim aktivnostima., The main objective of the dissertation was to obtain an overview of consumers attitudes and beliefs towards some aspects related to social concerns (sustainability, biodiversity and rural development, and animal welfare) and examine influence of information (about production system, colour, geographical information) on consumer choice in favour of local pig breeds, in this case, the Black Slavonian Pig breed, but also to provide knowledge support to producers, national agricultural food policy makers and retailers. Croatian consumers were randomly assigned to one of two treatment options (control or information) in an online survey. Consumers (n = 410) answered questions about their purchase intentions, perceptions and beliefs. A hypothetical choice experiment was used to examine participants’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for fresh meat of the Black Slavonian Pig breed reared outdoors and semi-indoors. The results show that the consumers have a notable preference for fresh boneless ham from the Black Slavonian Pig produced in both production systems and labelled as reared in continental Croatia + PDO (Protection of Designation Origin) compared to fresh boneless ham produced from pigs reared in conventional rearing system (intensive – indoor) without a label. Information treatment also proved to be important, as the results show that the information given to the consumers about the production system (that is in line with animal welfare, environmental protection and preservation of biodiversity) meat colour and geographical information positively influenced the consumers' decisions giving great importance to investigated social concerns regarding sustainability, preservation of biodiversity and animal welfare. It is evident that appropriate labelling and information on the product could positively influence consumer preferences, indicating the importance of highlighting the traditional characteristics (production system, darker colour of the meat and production area) of fresh meat from the Black Slavonian Pig on the label in promotional activities.

In Croatia, according to the Ministry of Economy and Sustainable Development (2022), the country generates 286, 379 tons of food waste, or 71 kilograms per capita per year, of which households generate 216, 345 tons (54 kg per capita) and the business sector 70, 034 tons (17 kg per capita). The paper aimed to investigate and discover how everyday household practices related to food lead to its waste and examine respondents' knowledge of food waste as well as their awareness of food waste and ways of handling food scraps in Croatian households. An online survey was conducted between February and March 2022 and included a sample of 214 respondents who needed to answer 32 questions. The research showed that Croatian consumers are aware of how much waste food creates, but they are not yet proactive enough to change the situation.

Biomass from agriculture represents a significant resource for the production of compost, substrate and animal feed, as well as other products with higher added value in the food and pharmaceutical industry. The paper presents a model for calculating biomass from agriculture for certain agricultural crops. The term technical potential is used to calculate the amount of biomass. The sources of data on areas (ha), production (t) and yields (t ha-1) of the most important field crops are data from the Agency for Payments in Agriculture, Fisheries and Rural Development and data from the National Bureau of Statistics. To calculate the technical potential of crop residues, the RenewIslands ADEG methodology was used according to previously published results. The starting point for calculating the technical potential is the production of agricultural crops in a certain area (area and yield). The amount of production is multiplied by the harvest index, which is a coefficient ranging from 0.13 (sugar beet) to 3 (sunflower) to obtain the amount of agricultural biomass that remains after harvesting the crop, called total biomass potential. However, the whole amounts of agricultural residues cannot be used, because a part must be left on the field for incorporation in soil due to increasing humus content (all cereals and industrial crops), a part would be used for animal husbandry (wheat and barley), and a part is simple harvest losses. The technical potential of biomass is calculated by deducting from the total potential the amounts required for incorporation in soil, animal husbandry and harvest losses. The model presents a model for calculating the technical potential of biomass for cereals and industrial crops. The model represents a contribution to the calculation of agricultural residues in some agricultural area in order to understand the potential for further use of these raw materials for the production of value-added products (compost, substrates, animal feed, pharmaceutical and food industry products).

Intensive agricultural production, without proper management, will probably cause soil degradation. Therefore, monitoring soil quality in agricultural regions is essential for soil protection. Analytical results of soil properties can be successfully combined with mathematical and/or computer models to predict values of soil indicators that have not been analytically determined. In doing so, it is very important to determine as accurately as possible which properties determine the intensity of a certain soil indicator to the greatest extent. Iron is an essential element whose availability in the soil depends significantly on the total concentration of Fe in the soil, soil pH value and SOM content, and the lack of plant available Fe can limit production on poor, especially carbonate soils. The aim of this research was to determine the possibility of using available data to predict Fe availability with regression models. The regression model was created using a data set with the results of analysis of Fe concentration in more than two hundred soil samples (total Fe extracted with aqua regia in the range 2-3.9% and plant available Fe in the range 10-45 mg kg-1). The model was used to predict the available Fe based on the analysed soil properties (pHH2O, pHKCl and SOM content) of 1, 000 soil samples with the total analysed production area 5, 194 ha. Modeling available Fe on a new set with 1, 000 soil samples predicted that the low concentration of available Fe will be only on 1.83 % of analysed areas, which is just 95 ha. The moderate range of plant available Fe was predicted at 245 ha (4, 72 % area). High level of Fe availability was predicted at 93, 45 % area, i.e. on 4.854 ha. The model predicts a very small proportion of samples with a low Fe available to the plant, which leads to the assumption of low accuracy of the model, even though SOM and two pH values were used. If that’s the case, a data set with basic soil indicators is not sufficient to predict Fe availability. The demonstrated use of the model indicates that modeling can be effectively used to predict certain soil indicators without actual laboratory analysis, saving time and resources. This can be especially significant in cases of a large number of soil samples from different and heterogeneous production areas. However, the accuracy of the model must be validated, which is possible only by validation with a reasonably selected new set of samples and analytical results. Thereby, it is more likely that analyzes of additional soil properties (like percentage of clay particles, total amount and different fractions of Fe) will be required in addition to the basic soil analyses (pHH2O, pHKCl and SOM content).

The main aim of the proposed research will be to determine the level of current knowledge and awareness about recent trends and applications in digital agriculture among the owners of family farms in Osijek-Baranja County. Through this study, it will be determined how much knowledge farmers currently have in the field of digital agriculture and more importantly how willing are they to implement new technologies in their daily agricultural activities. The online and face to face survey was conducted among 43 family farmers in Osijek-Baranja County during summer 2022. One part of the study will determine which aspects of digital agriculture are already in use among the owners of family farms and which are the most common obstacles and problems they are facing in relation to the broad implementation of digital agriculture. In survey participated mostly man (76, 7%), 42 years old in average, most of their income comes from agricultural activities (56%), 58% has some kind of college of faculty education, they have been engaged in agriculture for less than 10 years (44%) and have only 1 employee (69%). In survey participated farmers from almost all fields of agriculture from tourism, beekeeping, farming, eco- agriculture, cattle production, winemaking, and others. 56% of respondents were acquainted with the terms Precision agriculture, 67% with Digital agriculture, and 72% with Artificial intelligence. Applications already implemented in agricultural activities mostly are internet and communications (88%) and e-government (62%), applications for weather applications (46%) and market access applications (25%) but in the future they plan to adopt other applications (for fertilization, soil protection, e-accounting, precision agriculture, drones and other). Using Likert scale from 1 to 5, the main obstacles and limitations in digital agriculture for respondents are large investments for machinery and equipment (4, 0), lack of advisory service (3, 9) and lack of qualified and trained workforce (3, 9). The most important subjects for implementing digital technologies in agriculture are agronomists and extension services (average score on Likert scale 4, 2 for both) as well as educational and scientific institutions (4, 16). 63% of surveyed subjects advertise their business on social media, mostly on Facebook. Less favorable answers in survey are that 65% of producers don’t have a web page for their manufacturers and 77% didn’t use EU funds for digitalization. The conclusion from this survey is that Croatia has only started its introduction to digitalization, and there is a lot of space for progress and the introduction of new technologies. A positive push would be the creation of a countrywide strategy on which technologies should be implemented. Also, the involving agronomists would improve education, data collection, extension activities and supervising the implementation of digital technologies.

The key industries in Croatia include agriculture, food processing, aquaculture and forestry. The gross value added (GVA) of the primary sector (including forestry) amounts 3.9 % of Croatia’s total GVA in 2017, compared to EU-28 where this sector accounted for 1.6 % of GVA. In the total value of agricultural production of the Republic of Croatia in 2020, the most important is plant production (61, 5), while livestock production share in total agricutlural production amounts 38.5 %. The aim of paper was to determine biomass economy and technical potential of the most important cerials (wheat, barley, maize), industrial crops (sunflower, sugar beet, rapeseed, soy bean), vinyards and fruit (apple) at the Vukovar-Srijem County. Review literature and available statistical data presents the basis for research conduction aimed to detemine proper methods to calculate potential for harvest residues utilization of the most important field crops in the VS county. Based on the available data, the technical potential of cereals in 2020 was calculated, which amounted 276.662, 89 t, industrial crops 157.896, 19 t, vineyards 157.896, 19 and fruits (apples) 5.531, 02 t. The research results show that large quantities of biomass are available in Vukovar-Srijem County as a raw material for further processing into organic fertilizers, substrates, compost, products for pharmacetical, cosmetic, food and animal feed industry.

Agricultural production has increased more than three times over the last 50 years as a result of the expansion of soils for agricultural purposes, the technological contribution of the green revolution which influenced productivity and the accelerated population growth. In average, agriculture produces 23.7 million food tons per day worldwide. This increase in worldwide production has created serious pressure on the environment, up to the point of causing negative impacts on soil, air and water resources. This new situation has driven a need for more sustainable development in recent years, which implies important changes in the current agricultural production systems. Agriculture is one of the largest biological sectors with the highest biomass production, which becomes an essential input for the bioeconomy. This represents a great opportunity, not only because its use and exploitation contribute to the reduction of fossil fuel use and greenhouse gas emissions, but also because it contributes to the development of new green markets and jobs by promoting the conversion of crop waste into value-added products (by- products), such as food, feed, bioproducts and bioenergy. Croatia is country with important role of tourism and agriculture in its development. East Croatia (five counties), as the most important crop production area produce the greatest share of cerals and industrial crops in Croatia. All those crops leave important amounts of after harvest residues even when biomass for soil protection, amounts for livestock and harvest losses are excluded. In 5 east Croatia counties in 2020 is produced 2, 389, 665.7 t of biomass technical potential. At the same time, municipal services companies in Croatia are very well organized and connected in Croatia. The paper will present model how municipal services companies can contribute to collect and produce byproducts as composts and substrates from an agricultural waste. This would increase business competitiveness of municipal services companies due to production and sales of new value-added products, opening new jobs and provide agricultural producers additional profit, safe disposal of agricultural waste as well as contribute to the rural development.

Važnost utjecaja poljoprivredne prakse na dobrobit životinja te njezin povezani utjecaj na javno zdravlje i zdravlje životinja, u novije vrijeme sve je bitniji čimbnik na koji kupci obraćaju pozornost prilikom kupovine proizvoda animalnog podrijetla. Ipak stavovi potrošača prema dobrobiti životinja na farmama nisu ujednačeni, oni podrazumijevaju različite stavove i društvene dimenzije vezane uz etničku pripadnost, poljoprivredno-prehrambenu kulturu, etiku, kupovnu moć i vjerovanja. Stoga je ovaj rad imao za cilj pokazati stavove hrvatskih kupaca, prema tome koliko im je bitan utjecaj dobrobiti životinja u uzgoju prilikom kupovine proizvoda animalnog podrijetla. Za prikupljanje podataka korištena je metoda ankete, a kao instrument korišten je anketni upitnik (n = 100). Ispitivanjem su utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u stavovima ispitanika vezanim za dobrobit životinja prema spolu, obrazovanju i prihodu ispitanika te da su kupci animalnih proizvoda zabrinuti za dobrobit životinja na farmama.

Cilj rada bio je vrednovanje utjecaja različitih hranidbenih tretmana u tovu brojlera na efikasnost primijenjene hranidbe. U istraživanju su upotrjebljeni Ross 308 pilići (N=120) koji su bili podijeljeni u 4 skupine. Hranidbeni tretmani razlikovali su se u finišer smjesama koje su osim ostalih krmiva sadržavale i 5% ulja i to: T1 suncokretovo, T2 sojino, T3 repičino i T4 laneno ulje. Smjese su bile izbalansirane na razini 20 % sirovih proteina i 13, 5 MJ Kg/Me. Sve skupine pilića nalazile su se u istom peradnjaku a hranjene i napajanje bilo je ad libitum. U radu su istraženi proizvodno ekonomski pokazatelji: Indeks proizvodne efikasnosti (PEI), Europski brojlerski indeks (EBI), Indeks ekonomske efikasnosti (EEI) i indeks troškova hrane (CIF). Efikasnost proizvodnih indeksa bila je sljedeća (PEI i EBI): T1 363 i 351, T2 347 i 335, T3 362 i 351 i T4 367 i 359. PEI pokazatelji ovisili su u većoj mjeri o završnoj masi brojlera i konverziji hrane. Vrijednosti EBI slijedile su vrijednosti PEI pokazatelja. Za komparaciju produktivnosti performansi više tretmana (skupina) brojlera prikladni su PEI i EBI pokazatelji. Ekonomska efikasnost i troškovi hrane mogu se prikazati pomoću vrijednosti EEI i CIF pokazatelja.

U današnje vrijeme nije bitno proizvesti samo što veće količine proizvoda nego i poznavati specifične prehrambene i kupovne potrebe potrošača kako bi se proizvodi mogli pravilno pozicionirati na tržištu. U cilju utvrđivanja čimbenika koje potrošači uzimaju u obzir prilikom kupovine suhomesnatih proizvoda te identificiranja mogućih razlika u njihovim preferencijama s obzirom na različite sociodemografske varijable, provedeno je online anketno istraživanje na uzorku od 889 ispitanika s područja Osječko-baranjske županije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su ispitanicima prilikom kupnje suhomesnatih proizvoda najvažniji okus (x̄ = 4,67), miris (x̄ = 4,50), boja (x̄ = 4,12) i način proizvodnje suhomesnatih proizvoda (x̄ = 4,10). Na temelju rezultata Mann-Whitney i Kruskal-Wallis testa utvrđene su različitosti u stavovima ispitanika o važnosti pojedinih činitelja prilikom kupnje suhomesnatih proizvoda prema spolu, obrazovanju i ekonomskom statusu obitelji. Primjenom klaster analize ispitanici su podijeljeni u tri klastera. Ispitanicima su se u sva tri klastera okus i miris suhomesnatih proizvoda pokazali važnima. Međutim, ispitanici u prvome klasteru više obraćaju pažnju na cijenu suhomesnatih proizvoda za razliku od ispitanika u drugome klasteru koji više vrednuju boju i način proizvodnje suhomesnatih proizvoda, dok je ispitanicima u trećemu klasteru najvažnije porijeklo i da su suhomesnati proizvodi proizvedeni s domaćom crvenom paprikom i češnjakom., Nowadays, it is important not only to produce as many products as possible but also to know the specific nutritional and purchasing preferences of consumers so that products can be properly positioned on the market. In order to determine the factors that consumers take into account when buying cured meat products and identify possible differences in their preferences concerning different socio-demographic variables, an online survey was conducted on a sample of 889 respondents from the Osijek-Baranja County.The results showed that taste (x̄ = 4.67), smell (x̄ = 4.50), color (x̄ = 4.12), and production method of cured meat products (x̄ = 4.10) are the most important. Based on the results of the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, differences were found in the respondent’s attitudes about the importance of certain factors when buying cured meat products according to gender, education and economic status of the family. Using cluster analysis, the respondents were divided into three clusters. The taste and aroma of cured meat products in all three clusters proved important. However, respondents in the first cluster pay more attention to the price of cured meat products than respondents in the second cluster, who value the colour and method of production of cured meat products. In contrast, the most important to the respondents in the third cluster is the origin and that the cured meat products are produced with domestic red pepper and garlic.

Mali se proizvođači povrća, kako bi opstali i konkurirali na tržištu, trebaju posvetiti svim segmentima koji mogu poboljšati njihovo poslovanje, pa tako i promociji svojih proizvoda. Kako bi se kupovne odluke kupaca mogle promijeniti u korist malih proizvođača, u ovom radu je istraženo kako na ispitanike na području Osječko-baranjske županije utječe promocija povrća te koje su njihove preferencije i mišljenja vezana za promociju pri kupnji povrća. Većina ispitanika tvrdi da bi više kupovali povrće manjih proizvođača da oni aktivnije ulažu u promociju svojih proizvoda. Najbolji načini promocije povrća za ispitanike su putem društvenih mreža (Facebook, Instagram), putem letaka i tiskanih oglasa u novinama te putem televizije. Najvažnije im je prilikom promocije povrća saznati informacije o cijeni, izgledu (veličina, oblik, boja) i podrijetlu proizvoda. Prilikom kreiranja promocije na društvenim mrežama, najprivlačniji oglasi za ispitanike su u kombinaciji teksta i slike. Ispitanici tvrde da ih kod unaprjeđenja prodaje najviše privlače akcije, a kod sekundarnih promocijskih aktivnosti najveći utjecaj ima promocija od usta do usta. Provedeno istraživanje može pomoći malim proizvođačima u kreiranju idealnog promocijskog miksa u prodaji povrća i dobivanju ostalih informacija koje će poboljšati uspješnost u poslovanju svakog malog proizvođača., Small vegetable producers, in order to survive and compete on the market, should devote themselves to all segments that can improve their business and thus the promotion of their products. In order to change and improve consumers purchasing decisions in favour of small producers, this paper investigated how the promotion of vegetables affects respondents in the area of Osijek-Baranja County and what are their preferences and opinions related to promotion when buying vegetables. On the basis of the conducted research, which examined the role and importance of promotional activities when buying vegetables, it was concluded that the majority of respondents claimed that they would buy more vegetables from smaller producers if they invested more actively in the promotion of their products. The best ways to promote vegetables for respondents are through social networks (Facebook, Instagram), through flyers and printed ads in newspapers, and through television. The most important thing for them when promoting vegetables is to find information about the price, appearance (size, shape and colour) and origin of the product. When creating promotions on social networks, the most attractive ads for respondents are a combination of text and images. Respondents claim that they are most attracted to discounts when it comes to sales promotion, and word-of-mouth promotion has the greatest impact in secondary promotional activities. The conducted research can help small producers in creating an ideal promotional mix in the sale of vegetables and obtaining other information that will improve the success in the business of each small producer.

Cilj rada je pregled proizvodnje i analiza vanjskotrgovinske razmjene suncokreta u Republici Hrvatskoj za razdoblje od 2010. do 2020. godine. U radu je analizirano tržište sjemena suncokreta u Republici Hrvatskoj te su prikupljeni podatci iz različitih statističkih baza podataka o proizvodnji, otkupnim i veleprodajnim cijenama, vrijednosti izvoza i uvoza na temelju kojih je izračunata trgovinska bilanca. Prosječna proizvodna površina pod suncokretom u Republici Hrvatskoj u promatranom razdoblju od 2010. do 2020. godine iznosila je 35.425 ha te je zabilježen trend povećanja istih kao i proizvodnje i prinosa. Kod otkupnih i veleprodajnih cijena bilježe se oscilacije iz godine u godinu te je u 2020. godini zabilježeno smanjenje otkupne cijene za 4, 13 % i povećanje veleprodajne cijene za 4, 94 % u odnosu na razdoblje od 2010. - 2019. godine. U promatranome razdoblju (2010 – 2020.) izvoz suncokreta bio je veći od uvoza što je rezultiralo pozitivnom trgovinskom bilancom od 14.743.234, 00 €. Varijabilnost izvoza (68, 21 %) je dva puta veća u odnosu na varijabilnost uvoza (34, 16 %) što pogoduje trgovinskoj bilanci.

Cilj rada je utvrditi gospodarski potencijal poljoprivrednih ostataka najvažnijih žitarica (pšenica, ječam i kukuruz) i uljarica (suncokret i uljana repica) na području Osječko-baranjske županije te utvrditi njihov tehnički potencijal iskorištenja. Istraživanje je provedeno na temelju dostupnih statističkih podataka za 2019. godinu i pregleda literature kako bi se utvrdile prikladne metode izračuna potencijala iskorištenja žetvenih ostataka najvažnijih ratarskih kultura u Županiji. Na temelju dostupnih podataka izračunat je tehnički potencijal žitarica u 2019. godini koji je iznosio 445.030, 11 t, a uljarica 73.482, 15 t. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su u Osječko- baranjskoj županiji dostupne velike količine biomase za daljnju preradu koje nažalost nisu još uvijek dovoljno iskorištene.

Svinjsko meso je dostupan i cjenovno prihvatljiv izvor hranjivih tvari u prehrani stanovništva. Kvaliteta mesa uglavnom je povezana s vizualnim i senzorskim karakteristikama mesa koje potrošači uzimaju u obzir prilikom kupnje i konzumacije mesa. Na stavove potrošača utječu čimbenici kao što su socijalni, ekološki, briga za zdravlje te način života. Oni su pod utjecajem ekonomske razine posebno kada je riječ o ekstrinzičnim čimbenicima kvalitete. Cilj ovog rada je utvrditi koja sve intrinzična i ekstrinzična obilježja kvalitete utječu na preferencije potrošača prilikom kupnje svježeg mesa svinja, a rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu poslužiti za buduća istraživanja ponašanja i preferencija potrošača prema svježem mesu i mesnim prerađevinama.

Circular economy (CE) tends to be sustainable by copying the nature where everything returns to the cycle. The reason for that lays in the fact that world human population is growing by geometric progression as well as waste disposal. Furthermore, the application of the economy in a linear way as before is affecting the degradation of the environment. In the European Union, more than half of the total waste relates to agricultural waste (1.3 and 0.7 billion of tons, respectively). Unlike other EU countries, which is considered as the most green-conscious region in the world, Croatia is only at the beginning of its way to the circular economy transition. The circular economy does not tend to the mere waste disposal, but it goes a step further in the direction of waste management and re-production and recycling of waste into new useful products. The agricultural waste is harvest residues, excrements of domestic animals and residues from the fruit and wine industry among others. These byproducts can be raw-material for new re- cycled products (organic fertilizers, compost, products of the food and pharmaceutical industry, electric power etc.) that have their own market value and can represent additional income for farmers. The aim of this paper is to give literature in- depth review about CE and situation regarding agricultural waste management in Croatia. On a base of this analysis we will present information regarding CE regulatory frame in EU and Croatia as well as position of Croatia regarding adoption of EUCE incentives (eco- innovation index and eco- innovation scoreboard). The special part will address the issue of waste management in agriculture, with respect to Croatian situation and praxis. On a base of this results we will contribute the knowledge regarding CE and waste management and offer recommendations for a better solution of waste management problem in Croatia.

Kako bi se utvrdile karakteristike potrošnje mlijeka kod mlade populacije, provedeno je istraživanje na uzorku od 1.157 ispitanika. Rezultati su pokazali kako gotovo polovica ispitanika (47, 3 %) konzumira mlijeko svakodnevno, i to najčešće ujutro (43, 8 %). Muški ispitanici gotovo triput više konzumiraju veće mjesečne količine mlijeka u odnosu na ženske ispitanike, kao i ispitanici čiji je mjesečni prihod kućanstva veći od 10.500, 00 kuna. Ispitanici kojima je izvor prihoda ostvaren iz poljoprivrednih djelatnosti se više odlučuju za konzumaciju svježeg mlijeka u odnosu na ostale kategorije ispitanika.

Cilj rada je analizirati stavove proizvođača vina u Istočnoj Hrvatskoj, a koji se odnose na usporedbu s domaćim konkurentskim proizvođačima vina. Za prikupljanje podataka korištena je metoda ankete, a kao instrument korišten je anketni upitnik. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od n = 30 proizvođača vina iz pet županija u Istočnoj Hrvatskoj (Osječko- baranjske, Vukovarsko-srijemske, Virovitičkopodravske, Požeško-slavonske i Brodsko-posavske županije). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su anketirani vinari svjesni konkurencije u svome okruženju. Anketirani proizvođači vina smatraju da su po pitanju kvalitete vina, dobrog odnosa s dobavljačima i zaposlenicima bolji u odnosu na domaće konkurente, a da su slabiji od konkurencije u pogledu izvoza proizvedenog vina, ulaganja u istraživanje tržišta i razvoj nove linije proizvoda.

Článek prezentuje výzkum produkce cukrové řepy na osevní ploše 35 ha na rodinné farmě v okrese Osijek-Baranja v Chorvatsku. S použitím interních údajů farmy byla provedena analytická kalkulace a byly vyčteny absolutní a relativní ukazatele úspěšnosti produkce. Celkové náklady byly 12 215, 00 HRK·ha–1, přičemž největší část nákladů připadla na přípravky na ochranu rostlin, jejichž podíl na celkové struktuře nákladů představoval 24 %. Výnos cukrové řepy byl 60 t·ha–1. Koeficient efektivity nákladů je 1, 33, procento ziskovosti 32, 62 %, a zisk při stávající cukernatosti 14, 8 – 16, 35 % dosáhl 139 475, 00 HRK.

Srednjoročna simulacija razvoja glavnih agrarno- političkih pokazatelja tržišta goveđega mesa u Hrvatskoj do 2030. godine izrađena je putem modela parcijalne ravnoteže AGMEMOD (AGricultural MEmber State MODeling). Rezultati modela do kraja simuliranoga razdoblja, uz pretpostavku nastavka postojećih mjera i instrumenata Zajedničke poljoprivredne politike, potvrđuju razvoj negativnih trendova u sklopu tržišta goveđega mesa uočenih pregledom povijesnih podataka. Do kraja simuliranoga razdoblja očekuje se smanjenje ukupnoga broja goveda za 8, 63% i proizvodnje goveđega mesa za 24, 46%, dok domaća potrošnja raste za 25, 91%. Negativni proizvodni pokazatelji uz rastuću domaću potrošnju mogli bi uzrokovati rast uvoza goveđega mesa za 82, 68%, uz stupanj samodostatnosti od 49% do 2030. godine. Cijena goveđega mesa od ulaska Hrvatske u Europsku uniju je stabilna, te se stabilan razvoj, uz blagi trend smanjenja, očekuje do kraja simuliranoga razdoblja.

Cilj rada bio je na temelju analiziranih podataka (2002.-2016.) prikazati trendove u proizvodnji i vanjskotrgovinskoj razmjeni jabuka u Republici Hrvatskoj te dati prijedloge za poboljšanje stanja. Proizvodnja voća odvija se na svega 1, 9 % obradivih površina. Iako proizvodne količine jabuka jako osciliraju (od 37-122 t/ha prosječno), u zadnje je vrijeme zamijećeno povećanje proizvodnje. Također je evidentno poboljšanje odnosa vanjsko trgovinske razmjene zbog značajnog povećanja izvoza jabuka (pokrivenost izvoza uvozom jabuka prije ulaska u Europsku uniju iznosila je 27%, a nakon 2013. godine 74% u prosjeku). Neki od prijedloga poboljšanja situacije u sektoru su: ulaganje u infrastrukturu (skladišne prostore, specijaliziranu mehanizaciju, preradu, pakiranje), daljnje povezivanje proizvođača zbog zajedničkog nastupa na tržištu, kao i edukacija proizvođača o inovacijama u tehnologiji, proizvodnji i marketingu.

Cilj rada bio je ispitati i utvrditi stavove i navike potrošača prema kupnji ekoloških proizvoda putem direktnih kanala distribucije odnosno izravno od proizvođača. Za prikupljanje podataka korištena je metoda ankete, a kao instrument korišten je anketni upitnik (n = 102). Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da većina ispitanika (74, 5 %) kupuje ekološke proizvode, te da to čine jednom mjesečno. Većina ispitanika (59, 8 %) smatra da je ponuda ekoloških proizvoda daleko manja od potražnje. Međutim, pozitivan pokazatelj je da bi 89, 2 % ispitanika kupovalo ekološke proizvode izravno od proizvođača što dovodi do zaključka kako je potrebno razvijati i unaprjeđivati direktne kanale distribucije ekoloških proizvoda.

Suncokret ( lat. Hellienatus annuus L.) je jedna od najvažnijih uljarica i osnovna sirovina za dobivanje ulja u svijetu ali i u zemljama Europe. U radu je prikazano tržište suncokretovog ulja u Republici Hrvatskoj te je opisana: agrotehnika, prinos, stanje tržišta suncokreta u Europi, otkupna cijena, uvoz i izvoz. U odnosu na pet najboljih zemalja u EU po prinosu suncokreta u posljednjih pet godina smo najbolji i u ovoj proizvodnji možemo biti izuzetno konkurentni. Uz stabilizaciju i rast potražnje, kao i smanjene uvoza i oscilacija u cijeni otkupa suncokreta možemo konkurirati i u izvozu., Sunflower (lat. Hellienatus annuus L.) is one of the most important oil crops and the basic raw material for obtaining oil in the world as well as in European countries. This work presents the sunflower oil market in the Republic of Croatia and describes: agrotechnics, yield, state of the sunflower market in Europe, purchase price, import and export. We are the best in terms of sunflower yield in the last five years compared to the five best countries in the EU. We can be extremely competitive in this production with the stabilization and growth of demand, reduced imports and fluctuations in the purchase price of sunflowers and exports of sunflower seed.

Cilj završnog rada je analiza evidentiranih podataka i ekonomskih pokazatelja sa poljoprivrednih gospodarstava različitih tipova proizvodnji. Prikazani su i obrađeni dostupni podaci gospodarstava prema FADN klasifikaciji kroz razdoblje od tri godine. U završnom radu korištene su metode analize, sinteze i komparacije. Zadaća FADN sustava je osiguranje računovodstvenih podataka s gospodarstava koja su uključena u sustav. Nužan je za sve članice Europske unije. Najviši prihodi ostvareni su u svinjogojstvu i peradarstvu. Koeficijent ekonomičnosti je kod svih glavnih tipova proizvodnje veći od jedan što upućuje na ekonomičnu proizvodnju analiziranih tipova. Najveća ostvarena likvidnost je kod tipa 3 – vinogradarstvo i vinarstvo, a zaduženost je u zadovoljavajućim granicama., The aim of the final work is the analysis of recorded data and economic indicators from agricultural holdings of different types of production. The available data of holdings according to the FADN classification for a period of three years are presented and processed. Methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison were used in the final work. The task of FADN accounting data is to secure the system of economies involved in the system. It is necessary for all member states of the European Union. The highest incomes were realized in pig breeding and poultry. The coefficient of economy in all main types of production is greater than one, which indicates the economical production of the analyzed types. The highest liquidity is in type 3 – viticulture and winemaking, and indebtedness is within satisfactory limits.

Predmet istraživanja završnog rada je utjecaj društveno odgovornog marketinga na gospodarstvo. Dosadašnja istraživanja o društveno odgovornom marketingu pokazala su da primjena društveno odgovornog marketinga sa sobom nosi višestruku korist i za poduzeće koje prakticira društveno odgovorni marketing i za ljude koji žive u zajednici u kojoj poduzeća posluju i za gospodarstvo Primarni cilj rada je prikazati utjecaj društveno odgovornog marketinga na gospodarstvo. Završni rad napisan je uz pomoć sekundarnih podataka koji su se prikupili iz stručne literature koja obuhvaća knjige, znanstvene članke i internetske izvore vezane za temu rada. Znanstvene metode koje su se koristile za pisanje rada su: metoda analize, metoda sinteze, metoda prikupljanja i metoda deskripcije. Društveno odgovorni marketing je marketing u kojem poduzeća provode različite marketinške aktivnosti koje nisu usmjerene isključivo na stvaranje dobiti već se putem marketinških aktivnosti želi pomoći društvu i okolišu u kojem poduzeće posluje. Cilj uvođenja društveno odgovornog marketinga u poslovanje poduzeća je potaknuti poduzeće na promjenu ponašanja istoga i pomaganje zajednici. Kada je u pitanju utjecaj koji društveno odgovorni marketing ima na gospodarstvo države došlo se do zaključka da pomno osmišljen i proveden društveno odgovorni marketing poduzeća uvelike utječe na gospodarstvo države., The subject of research of the final paper is the impact of socially responsible marketing on the economy. Previous research on socially responsible marketing has shown that the application of socially responsible marketing brings with it multiple benefits both for the company that practices socially responsible marketing and for the people who live in the community where the companies operate and for the economy. The primary goal of the work is to show the impact of socially responsible marketing on economy. Final thesis is written with the help of secondary data collected from professional literature, which includes books, scientific articles and internet sources related to the topic of the thesis. The scientific methods used to write the paper are: analysis method, synthesis method, collection method and description method. Socially responsible marketing is marketing in which companies carry out various marketing activities that are not aimed exclusively at generating profit, but through marketing activities they want to help society and the environment in which the company operates. The goal of introducing socially responsible marketing into the company's operations is to encourage the company to change its behavior and help the community. When it comes to the impact that socially responsible marketing has on the state's economy, the conclusion was reached that carefully designed and implemented socially responsible marketing of a company greatly affects the state's economy.

U radu su analizirana dva načina proizvodnje konzumnih jaja. Konvencionalni način proizvodnje jaja i jaja visoke nutritivne vrijednosti, obogaćena omega tri masnim kiselinama. Financijski rezultat u proizvodnji jaja s PUFA n-3 viši je u odnosu na standardnu, konvencionalnu proizvodnju jaja. Primjenom analize točke pokrića, potrebno je proizvesti 261 jaja u konvencionalnoj proizvodnji, dok je obogaćenih jaja s PUFA n-3 potrebno proizvesti 255 po nesilici godišnje. Stopa pokrića s razlikom od 0,85% u korist obogaćenih jaja potvrđuje ovakvu proizvodnju ekonomski učinkovitijom., The paper analyzed two ways of producing table eggs. Conventional way of producing eggs and eggs of high nutritional value, enriched with omega three fatty acids. The financial result in egg production with PUFA n-3 is higher compared to standard, conventional egg production. Applying the breakeven point analysis, 261 eggs need to be produced in conventional production, while PUFA n-3 enriched eggs need to be produced 255 per layer per year. The coverage rate with a difference of 0.85% in favor of enriched eggs confirms that this type of production is more economically efficient.

Mali proizvođači povrća se često dovode do problema u kojem njihovi proizvodi ne mogu dospjeti do kupaca iz raznih razloga, a jedan od najvažnijih je prezasićenost tržišta velikim proizvođačima i njihovim proizvodima. Kako bi opstali na tržištu i konkurirali velikima, trebaju se posvetiti svim segmentima koji mogu poboljšati njihovo poslovanje pa tako i promociji svojih proizvoda koju možda neki i zanemaruju. Promocija je postala sve važniji činitelj pri kupnji povrća jer se putem promocije proizvođači na tržištu nadmeću kako bi što prije mogli prodati svoje proizvode. Da bi se kupovne odluke kupaca mogle promijeniti i poboljšati u korist malih proizvođača, u ovom radu je istraženo kako na ispitanike, na području Osječko-baranjske županije, utječe promocija povrća te koje su njihove preferencije i mišljenja vezana za promociju pri kupnji povrća., Small vegetable producers often face problems in which their products cannot reach customers for various reasons, and one of the most important is the oversaturation of the market with large producers and their products. In order to survive on the market and compete with the big ones, they should devote themselves to all segments that can improve their business, including the promotion of their products, which some may have neglected. Promotion is becoming an increasingly important factor when buying vegetables, because with promotion, producers compete on the market in order to sell their products as soon as possible. In order to change and improve the purchasing decisions of customers in favor of small producers, this paper investigated how the promotion of vegetables affects respondents in the area of Osijek-Baranja County and what their preferences and opinions are related to promotion when purchasing vegetables.

U diplomskom radu istražene su tržišne karakteristike te uvozno-izvozna razmjena - s jedne strane primarnih poljoprivrednih poizvoda (pšenica, ječam, kukuruz) te isto tako poljoprivrednih proizvoda s višom dodanom vrijednosti (meso, mlijeko, pivo, ulje). Ono što je ključan problem jeste da Hrvatska izvozi sirovine, a uvozi prerađene proizvode. Također, najveći problem leži u padu proizvodnje točnije prehrambeno-prerađivačke industrije. Kao riješenje Hrvatska bi trebala rekstruktirati i povećati strukturu proizvodnje, poticati domaću potrošnju, koristiti Mjere iz EU fondova, povećati konkurentnost i produktivnost poljoprivrede i prehrambene proizvodnje te time ostvariti bolju vanjskotrgovinsku politiku i dugoročnije uspjehe., In the thesis, market characteristics and import-export exchange of primary agricultural products (wheat, barley, corn) and also agricultural products with a higher added value (meat, milk, beer, oil) were investigated.The key problem is that Croatia exports raw materials and imports processed products. Also, the biggest problem lies in the decline in production, more precisely in the food processing industry. As a solution, Croatia should restructure and increase the structure of production, encourage domestic consumption, use measures from EU funds, increase the competitiveness and productivity of agriculture and food production, and thus achieve a better foreign trade policy and longer-term successes.

U ovom diplomskom radu cilj je bio analizirati tržišne smjernice suncokretovog ulja u Republici Hrvatskoj. Za potrebne podatke o proizvodnji, veleprodajnim cijenama, vrijednosti izvoza i uvoza korištene su različite statističke baze podataka. Istraživanje na osnovu dostupnih statističkih podataka je pokazalo da Republika Hrvatska ima dobru proizvodnju suncokreta koji je glavna sirovina za proizvodnju suncokretovog ulja, ali postoji problem u industrijskom procesu prerade. Republika Hrvatska u razdoblju od 2010. do 2020. godine bilježi pad proizvodnje suncokretovog ulja, a prosječna proizvodnja iznosila je 30,557 tona. Kod veleprodajnih cijena zabilježen je nagli porast cijena od 2019. godine koji se nastavio i u 2020. godini. U promatranom desetogodišnjem razdoblju izvoz suncokretovog ulja bio je manji od uvoza, što je prouzrokovalo negativnu trgovinsku bilancu. Kao najveći proizvođači suncokretovog ulja na domaćem tržištu ističu se Tvornica ulja Čepin i Zvijezda, a uz njih i novootvorena Tvornica ulja Vinkovci koja bilježi sve veći rast proizvodnje. Republika Hrvatska ima dobar potencijal u proizvodnji suncokretovog ulja koji treba poticati kroz domaću industrijsku proizvodnju, što bi rezultiralo smanjenjem uvoza i povećavanjem konkurentnosti u proizvodnji suncokretovog ulja., In this thesis, the goal was to analyze the market guidelines for sunflower oil in the Republic of Croatia.Various statistical databases were used for the necessary dataset on production, wholesale prices, export and import values. Research based on available statistical datasets has shown that Republic of Croatia has a good production of sunflower, which is the main source material for the production of sunflower oil, but there is a problem in the industrial processing process. In the period from 2010 to 2020, the Republic of Croatia recorded a decline in sunflower oil production, the average production for that period was 30,557 tons. In the case of wholesale prices, a sudden price increase was recorded in 2019, which continued in 2020. In the observed ten-year period, the export of sunflower oil was lower than the import, which caused a negative trade balance. The largest producers of sunflower oil on the domestic market are the Oil factory Čepin and Zvijezda, along with them is the newly opened Oil factory Vinkovci which records increasing production growth. The Republic of Croatia has good potential in the production of sunflower oil, which should be encouraged through domestic industrial production, which would result in a decrease of imports and would increase competitiveness in the production of sunflower oil.

Cilj diplomskog rada je analizirati stavove potrošača svinjskog mesa prema kolinju i kvaliteti suhomesnatih proizvoda u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji. Za prikupljanje podataka korištena je metoda ankete, a kao instrument korišten je anketni upitnik. Istraživanje je provedeno u razdoblju od prosinca 2021. do siječnja 2022. godine na uzorku od n = 889 potrošača Osječko-baranjske županije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su anketirani potrošači svjesni značenja kolinja za ruralnu zajednicu te također prepoznaju važnost lokalno proizvedene hrane i dobrobiti životinja uzgajanih za potrebe prehrane stanovništva., The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the attitudes of pork consumers towards slaughter and the quality of cured meat products in Osijek-Baranja County. A survey method was used to collect data, and a survey questionnaire was used as an instrument. The survey was conducted in the period from December 2021 to January 2022 on a sample of n = 889 consumers in Osijek-Baranja County. The results of the research show that the surveyed consumers are aware of the importance of slaughter for the rural community and also recognize the importance of locally produced food and the welfare of animals bred for the needs of the population.

Samoniklo bilje raste u prirodi te na njegov rast i razvoj čovjek nema utjecaj. Veliki broj samoniklih vrsta koristi se u prehrani ljudi i životinja, u kozmetičke i medicinske svrhe, no brojne vrste su otrovne te mogu izazvati štetne učinke. U okviru ovog rada provedeno je istraživanje na uzorku od 80 studenata Fakulteta agrobiotehničkih znanosti Osijek. Glavni cilj rada bio je ispitati kako studenti percipiraju samoniklo otrovno bilje, što znaju o simptomima trovanja te ispitati kakvi su njihovi stavovi o potrebi ulaganja u edukacije o samoniklom bilju. Dobiveni rezultati ankete ukazuju na slabo znanje ispitanika jer je većina izrazito neinformirana o samoniklom otrovnom bilju i simptomima trovanja. Studente se u anketi tražilo da označe koliko su upoznati s navedenim biljnim vrstama: tisa (Taxus baccata L.), bršljan (Hedera helix L.), đurđica (Convallaria majalis L.), velebilje (Atropa bella-donna L.) i mrazovac (Colchicum autumnale L.). Najveći broj studenata prepoznalo je bršljan (92,5 %) i đurđicu (67,5 %) kao otrovno bilje. Upravo ovakvi podaci ukazuju na nužnost i potrebu dodatnog educiranja o samoniklom bilju., Wild plants grow in nature and man has no influence on their growth and development. A large number of wild species are used in human and animal nutrition, for cosmetic and medical purposes, but many species are poisonous and can cause harmful effects. Within this study, a research was conducted on a sample of 80 students of the Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences Osijek. The main goal of the paper was to examine how students perceive wild poisonous plants, what they know about the symptoms of poisoning and to examine their attitudes about the need to invest in education about wild plants. The obtained survey results indicate a poor knowledge of the respondents because most of them are extremely uninformed about the wild poisonous plants and symptoms of poisoning. Students were asked in the survey to indicate how familiar they are with following plant species: yew (Taxus baccata L.), common ivy (Hedera helix L.), lily of the valley (Convallaria majalis L.), deadly nightshade (Atropa bella-donna L.) and autumn crocus (Colchicum autumnale L.). The largest number of students recognized common ivy (92.5%) and lily of the valley (67.5%) as poisonous plants. Precisely such data indicate the necessity and need for additional education about wild plants.

Mandarina je biljka koja potječe iz porodice Rutaceae, a pripada rodu Citrusa ili Agruma čije biljke potječu iz tropskih krajeva jugoistočne Azije. Hrvatska posjeduje potencijal za proizvodnju ove ukusne poljoprivredne kulture koja jedina zadovoljava potrebe domaćeg tržišta. Proizvodnja mandarina Hrvatske iznosi 52,40 tisuća tona te zauzima 31. mjesto u globalnoj proizvodnji sa udjelom od 0,2% prinosa. Hrvatska zauzima 20. mjesto u izvozu sa udjelom od 0,6% u vrijednosti od 15.59M dolara, dok u uvozu 56. mjesto sa udjelom od 0,1% u vrijednosti od 2.87M dolara. Najveći potencijal za prizvodnju nalai se u Dolini Neretve čije su Unshiu mandarine stekle zaštitu zemljopisne oznake (ZO) koja simbolizira zemljopisno podrijetlo te vrhunsku kvalitetu te time ulijeva povjerenje potrošača koji sve više posjećuju Dolinu Neretve kao agroturističku destinaciju., Mandarin is a plant that comes from the family Rutaceae, and belongs to the genus Citrus or Citrus whose plants originate from the tropical regions of Southeast Asia. Croatia has the potential to produce this delicious agricultural crop that is the only one that meets the needs of the domestic market. Croatian mandarin production amounts to 52.40 thousand tons and ranks 31st in global production with a share of 0.2% yield. Croatia ranks 20th in exports with a share of 0.6% in the value of $ 15.59M, while in imports 56th place with a share of 0.1% in the value of $ 2.87M. The greatest potential for production is in the Valley Neretva, whose Unshiu mandarins have acquired the protection of a geographical indication (ZO), which symbolizes geographical origin and top quality, thus instilling the confidence of consumers who are increasingly visiting the Neretva Valley as an agritourism destination.

There are limited data on Croatian consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay for fresh meat from the Black Slavonian pig. The survey was conducted on a sample of n = 410 Croatian consumers, using a hypothetical choice experiment to examine how food attributes and information treatment influence consumers’ decisions regarding fresh ham meat of the Black Slavonian pig. The hypothetical choice experiment was conducted using fresh boneless pork ham with three attributes (price, colour and geographical information) as the focuses of the product. Croatian consumers were randomly assigned to one of two treatment options (control or information) in an online survey to investigate the role of information. Our results indicate that Croatian consumers have a clear preference for fresh boneless ham from the Black Slavonian pig produced in both production systems and labelled as reared in continental Croatia and with a protected designation of origin (PDO) label, compared with fresh boneless ham produced from conventionally reared pigs (intensive rearing—indoor rearing) without the label. The results show that the information given to consumers about the production system, meat colour and geographical information positively influenced consumer choice. Appropriate labelling and information about the product can positively influence consumers’ preferences, which indicates the importance of highlighting the traditional characteristics (production system, darker colour of the meat and production area) of fresh meat from Black Slavonian pig on the label in promotional activities.

Obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva čine iznimno važan dio hrvatskog BDP-a, posebice ona poljoprivredna gospodarstva koja svoje proizvode izvoze izvan granica i na taj način ostvaruju prihode. Kao i ostali poslovni subjekti i obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva su se našla u krizi koja ih je primorala na promjene u načinu poslovanja, uzrok tome je zatvaranje graničnih prijelaza i nemogućnost normlanog tijeka robe i usluga. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati utjecaj pandemije COVID-19 na organizaciju, metode i načine prodaje poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Osvrnuti se na ograničavajuće mogućnosti plasmana poljoprivrednih proizvoda s obzirom na utjecaj pandemije., Family farms make up an extremely important part of Croatia's GDP, especially those farms that export their products abroad and thus generate income. Like other businesses and family farms, they found themselves in a crisis that forced them to change their way of doing business, due to the closure of border crossings and the impossibility of a normal flow of goods and services. The aim of this study was to show the impact of the pandemic COVID-19 on the organization, methods and ways of sales of agricultural products. Look at the limiting possibilities of marketing agricultural products given the impact of the pandemic.

Kanali distribucije mogu se definirati kao skupine pojedinaca i organizacija koji usmjeravaju tijek proizvoda od proizvođača do potrošača. Možemo ih podijeliti na izravne i neizravne kanale distribucije. Pčelarstvo je u Republici Hrvatskoj tradicionalna poljoprivredna grana koja ima veliki gospodarski značaj. Pčelinji proizvodi – med, pelud, vosak, propolis, matična mliječ, te pčelinji otrov upotrebljavaju se kao hrana i dodatak prehrani zbog svojih funkcionalnih svojstava. Cilj ovoga rada bio je prikazati proces plasiranja meda kroz izravne i neizravne kanale distribucije na tržište u Republici Hrvatskoj. Prema provedenom istraživanju možemo zaključiti da se opskrba meda na hrvatskom tržištu odvija se dva načina: izravnim i neizravnim distribucijskim kanalima. Izbor samog distribucijskog kanala ovisi o izboru proizvođača i količinama proizvedenog meda. U radu su prikazani podatci vezani za med u Republici Hrvatskoj poput ukupne proizvodnje, uvoza, izvoza, cijena i drugi. Također, prikazani su i podatci za neka inozemna tržišta te njihovi problemi prilikom plasiranja meda na tržište poput Turske, Indije te Albanije. Nadalje, prikazani su i rezultati anketnog istraživanja provedenog na Fakultetu agrobiotehničkih znanosti u Osijeku na temu same kupnje te konzumacije meda. Također, prilikom izrade rada utvrđeni su nedostatci i prednosti koji utječu na učinkovitost opskrbnog lanca. Analizom distribucijskih kanala meda, može se zaključiti kako je tržište meda izrazito dinamično te su tvrtke prinuđene stimulirati svoje kupce na različite načine. Kako bi bile konkurentne, tvrtke trebaju pružiti proizvod u skladu s potrebama i stavovima kupaca., Distribution channels can be defined as groups of individuals and organizations that direct the flow of products from producers to consumers. We can divide them into direct and indirect distribution channels. Beekeeping is a traditional agricultural branch in the Republic of Croatia that is of great economic importance. Bee products - honey, pollen, wax, propolis, royal jelly, and bee venom are used as food and food supplements due to their functional properties. The aim of this paper was to present the process of placing honey through direct and indirect distribution channels on the market in the Republic of Croatia. According to the research, we can conclude that the supply of honey on the Croatian market takes place in two ways: direct and indirect distribution channels. The choice of the distribution channel itself depends on the choice of the producer and the quantities of honey produced. The paper presents data related to honey in the Republic of Croatia, such as total production, imports, exports, prices and others. Also, data for some foreign markets and their problems in placing honey on the market such as Turkey, India and Albania are presented. Furthermore, the research and results of a survey conducted at the Faculty of Agrobiotechnical Sciences in Osijek on the topic of the same purchase and consumption of honey are presented. Also, during the preparation of the paper, the disadvantages and advantages that affect the efficiency of the supply chain were identified. By analyzing the distribution channels of honey, it can be concluded that the honey market is extremely dynamic and the company is forced to stimulate its customers in different ways. In order to be competitive, companies need to provide a product according to the needs and attitudes of customers.

Cilj diplomskog rada je bio objasniti što su obiteljska poljoprivredna gospodarstva i koje je njihovo značenje u poljoprivredi te opisati pojedine elemente marketing spleta i pojasniti njihovu važnost i utjecaj na poslovanje obiteljskih poljoprivrednih gospodarstava u Brodsko-posavskoj županiji. Marketinški splet ili mix (4p) je specifična kombinacija elemenata koji se koriste za istovremeno postizanje ciljeva poduzeća i zadovoljenje potreba potrošača i želja ciljnih tržišta. Četiri su osnovna elementa marketinga: proizvod, promocija, cijena i distribucija. Obiteljsko poljoprivredno gospodarstvo ili skraćeno OPG je gospodarstvo na kojem punoljetni članovi istog kućanstva obavljaju poljoprivrednu djelatnost, a po potrebi i dopunske djelatnosti, koristeći vlastite i unajmljene resurse. Uz to provedeno je i istraživanje vezano za mišljenje vlasnika OPG-ova o važnosti primjene marketinga u vlastitom poslovanju kao i o tome u kojoj količini i na koje načine OPG-ovi u Brodskoposavskoj županiji koriste marketinške elemente, te analiziranje dobivenih rezultata u odnosu na postavljene hipoteze., The thesis aimed to explain family farms and their significance in agriculture, then describe some aspects of web marketing and explain their importance and impact on the business of family farms in Brodsko-posavska County. Marketing mix or 4P mix is the name for the specific combination of elements used to simultaneously achieve the target company and meet the needs of consumers and the desires of target markets. There are four basic elements of marketing: product, promotion, price and distribution. A family farm is a farm on which adult members of the same household perform the agricultural activity, if necessary additional activities, using their own and rented resources. In addition, a survey was conducted regarding the opinion of family farm owners on the importance of applied marketing in their own business and the amount and ways in which family farms in Brodsko-posavska County use market elements and analyze the results concerning the set hypotheses.

Za razvoj domaće poljoprivredne i prehrambene industrije potrebni su poslovni kontakti i izlaganje vlastitih proizvoda i mogućnosti, te su stoga danas gospodarski sajmovi i izložbe postali jedan od najvažnijih oblika promocije i prodaje poljoprivrednih proizvoda. Poljoprivredni sajmovi imaju za cilj poboljšati regionalnu konkurentnost i održivi razvoj. Dakle, oni osim što izlažu dobra i usluge trgovaca, obrtnika i obiteljskih poljoprivrednih gospodarstava, oni također nude priliku za predstavljanje i razmjenu iskustava lokalnih vlasti, lokalnih akcijskih skupina, tematskih udruga i udruga., The development of the domestic agricultural and food industry requires business contacts and presentation of own products and opportunities, and therefore today economic fairs and exhibitions have become one of the most important forms of promotion and sale of agricultural products. Agricultural fairs aim to improve regional competitiveness and sustainable development. Therefore, in addition to promoting the goods and services of traders, craftsmen and family farms, they also offer the opportunity to present and exchange experiences of local authorities, local action groups, thematic associations and associations.

Društveno odgovoran marketing sve više postaje suvremena poslovna praksa, te ga samim time primjenjuju brojna poduzeća diljem svijeta. Današnje stanje u našim poduzećima podleglo je svjetskom utjecaju te prihvatilo koncept društvene odgovornosti iako su do prije nekoliko godina bili orijentirani samo na oblik poslovanja koji donosi dobit. S obzirom da raste broj poduzeća koja brinu o društvenoj odgovornosti, ministarstvo svake godine raspisuje brojne projekte u svrhu povećanja razine osviještenosti i poslodavaca i građana. Prema istraživanjima, ona poduzeća koja se odluče na prakticiranje društveno odgovornog marketinga u svom poslovanju stječu konkurentsku prednost na tržištu, imaju veće prihode i smanjene troškove poslovanja. Ubrzo su menadžeri shvatili osjetljivost krajnjih potrošača na zaštitu okoliša i brigu o zdravlju korištenjem organskih proizvoda. Kako bi poduzeća uspješno prakticirala društveno odgovorno poslovanje važno je da razumiju i komuniciraju sa takozvanim zelenim potrošačima te da na osnovu povratnih informacija razvijaju svoje poslovanje. U radu se objašnjava pojam društveno odgovornog marketinga, njegovim strategijama, važnosti i onome što on donosi za budućnost svih nas. Također, nalaze se i rezultati anketnog istraživanja o upoznatosti populacije Osječko-baranjske županije o društveno odgovornom marketingu., Socially responsible marketing is increasingly becoming a modern business practice, and thus it is applied by many companies around the world. Today's situation in our companies has succumbed to global influence and accepted the concept of social responsibility. However, until a few years ago, they focused only on a form of business that brings profit. As the number of companies that care about social responsibility grows, the ministry announces several projects every year to increase the awareness level of both employers and citizens. According to research, those companies that choose to practise socially responsible marketing gain a competitive advantage in the market, have higher revenues and reduce operating costs. In addition, managers soon realized the sensitivity of end consumers to environmental protection and health care through the use of organic products. For companies to successfully practice socially responsible business, it is important that they understand and communicate with so-called green consumers and develop their business based on feedback. The paper explains the concept of socially responsible marketing, its strategies, importance and what it brings for the future of all of us. Also, there are the results of a survey on the awareness of the population of Osijek-Baranja County about socially responsible marketing.

Svjesni smo kako informacijska tehnologija sve više i više raste i razvija nove trendove i koristi se u svrhu promocije čime se proizvodi ili usluge približavaju potencijlanim kupcima. Kako je poljoprivreda sama po sebi specifična moramo prikazati i dokazati kako je važnost primjene digitalnog marketinga budućnost koju poljoprivredna gospodarstva moraju znati iskoristiti. Rezultati provrdenog istraživanja nam pokazuju kako se dobna struktura mijenja i sve više mladih ulazi u svijet poljoprivrede. Analizom istraživanja koje je relevantno utvrdio sam kako se od 112 ispitanih svega 11,6% žene, a 89,4 muškarci. Kada pogledamo rezultate istraživanja možemo zaključiti kako čak 67% ispitanih OPG-ova koristi neku vrstu digitalnog marketinga odnosno oglašavanja, a iz dobne strukture ispitanih možemo izdvojiti osobe iz skupine 39-48 godina kojih je najviše odnosno 47 od 112 ispitanih. Literatura koja je korištena prilikom izrade diplomskog rada odnosi se na primjenu digitalnog marketinga u cjelini koju sam kasnije primjenio na poljoprivredna gospodarstva, koristio sam podatke koje sam pronašao pomoću knjiga, interneta i vlastitih izvora pomoću kojih su definirani pojmovi u radu. Također, došao sam do saznanja kako poljoprivedna gospodarstva čak njih 29,5% objavljuje svoje proizvode ili usluge dva do tri puta tjedno, a njih 25,9% samo jednom mjesečno.., We are aware that information technology is growing more and more and developing new trends and is used for the purpose of promotion, which brings products or services closer to potential customers. As agriculture itself is specific, we must show and prove that the importance of applying digital marketing is the future that farms must know how to use. The results of the validated research show us that the age structure is changing and more and more young people are entering the world of agriculture. By analyzing the research that is relevant, I found that out of 112 respondents, only 11.6% are women and 89.4 are men. When we look at the results of the research, we can conclude that as many as 67% of surveyed family farms use some kind of digital marketing or advertising, and from the age structure of respondents we can single out people from 39-48 years, most of whom are 47 out of 112 respondents. The literature used in the preparation of the thesis refers to the application of digital marketing in general, which I later applied to farms, I used the data I found using books, the Internet and my own sources that define the terms in the paper. Also, I found out that 29.5% of farms publish their products or services two to three times a week, and 25.9% of them only once a month.

Etnocentrizam je pojam koji označava ponašanje potrošača prema domaćem proizvodu te sklonost ljudi da predaju veliku pozornost vlastitoj kulturi, a pokazuju predrasude prema tuđoj kulturi. U radu se obrađuje pojam etnocentrizma te etnocentričnost potrošača i njihovo ponašanje u kupnji povrća. Kako bi se provjerio intenzitet etnocentričnosti hrvatskih potrošača provedena je anketa na 120 ispitanika na području Osijeka i okolnih mjesta koja uključuje originalnu skalu za mjerenje etnocentrizma (Shimp i Sharma, 1987). Dostupne informacije i podaci obrađeni su primjenom metoda deskripcije i kompilacije uz citiranje tuđih stavova i zaključaka. Putem anketnog istraživanja i krajnjih rezultata došli smo do zaključka da su potrošači umjereno do blago etnocentrični prema domaćem povrću. Kada je riječ o stranim proizvodima, u ovom slučaju o stranom povrću, potrošači se najviše obaziru na negativne učinke uvoza stranog povrća na zaposlenost u Republici Hrvatskoj i opstanak hrvatskih tvrtki koje se bave proizvodnjom i prodajom domaćeg povrća. Etnocentrični potrošači vjeruju kako kupovina stranog povrća može uzrokovati gubitak radnih mjesta i naštetiti razvoju domaće ekonomije. Kako bi se smanjio uvoz stranog povrća proizvodnju povrća potrebno je proširiti kroz obrazovanje i modernizaciju povrtlarske proizvodnje što bi dalo bolju kvalitetu povrća te više radnih mjesta., Ethnocentrism is a term that denotes the behavior of consumers towards domestic products and the tendency of people to pay great attention to their own culture, and show prejudice against other people's culture. The paper deals with the concept of ethnocentrism and the ethnocentrism of consumers and their behavior in buying vegetables. In order to check the intensity of ethnocentrism of Croatian consumers, a survey was conducted on 120 respondents in the area of Osijek and surrounding places, which includes the original scale for measuring ethnocentrism (Shimp and Sharma, 1987). Available information and data were processed using the methods of description and compilation, citing other people's views and conclusions. Through survey research and final results, we came to the conclusion that consumers are moderately to slightly ethnocentric towards home-grown vegetables. When it comes to foreign products, in this case foreign vegetables, consumers pay most attention to the negative effects of imports of foreign vegetables on employment in the Republic of Croatia and the survival of Croatian companies engaged in the production and sale of domestic vegetables. Ethnocentric consumers believe that buying foreign vegetables can cause job losses and harm the development of the domestic economy. In order to reduce the import of foreign vegetables, vegetable production needs to be expanded through education and modernization of vegetable production, which would give better quality of vegetables and more jobs.

Until now, no research has been carried out in Croatia into consumer preferences for a particular agricultural and food product by a choice experiment. Therefore, little data are available about Croatian consumers' preferences for social concerns (sustainability, biodiversity, rural development and animal welfare) with regard to the consumer choice and behavior favoring local pig breeds, in this case the Black Slavonian Pig breed. A survey was the method used to collect the data, and a survey questionnaire was used as an instrument. The survey was performed on a sample of n = 100 Croatian consumers surveyed online using a hypothetical choice experiment. The data were analyzed using the three logit models: a multinomial logit model (MNL), random parameter logit (RPL), and an error component random parameter logit model (RPL-EC) in order to examine the consumers’ heterogeneous preferences for fresh ham meat of the Black Slavonian Pig. The results suggest that the Croatian consumers appreciated a darker red fresh pork meat than the one obtained from the Black Slavonian Pig reared outdoors and semi-outdoor. They also prefer a fresh meat bearing a geographical information label, such as the continental Croatia and continental Croatia + PDO, to a fresh meat without a label., Dosada u Hrvatskoj metodom eksperimenta odabira nisu provedena istraživanja koja se bave preferencijama potrošača prema određenomu poljoprivredno‐prehrambenom proizvodu . Dostupno je malo podataka o preferencijama hrvatskih potrošača s obzirom na društvenu odgovornost (očuvanje bioraznolikosti, održivost ruralnoga prostora i dobrobit životinja) i odnos prema izboru i ponašanju potrošača u korist lokalnih pasmina svinja, u ovome slučaju pasmine crne slavonske svinje. Za prikupljanje podataka korištena je anketa, a kao instrument korišten je anketni upitnik. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od n = 100 hrvatskih potrošača, anketiranih putem interneta s pomoću hipotetskoga eksperimenta odabira. Podatci su analizirani s pomoću triju logit modela: multinomnoga logit model (MNL), modela slučajnih parametara (RPL) i modela slučajnih parametara — pogreške u komponentama (RPL-EC) kako bi se ispitale heterogene sklonosti potrošača prema svježemu butu crne slavonske svinje. Prema podatcima istraživanja, hrvatski potrošači preferiraju tamniju crvenu boju svježega svinjskog mesa crne slavonske svinje uzgajane u otvorenome i poluotvorenom sustavu držanja. Također, u odnosu na meso bez oznaka, potrošači preferiraju svježe meso s geografskim oznakama kontinentalna Hrvatska i kontinentalna Hrvatska + ZOI .