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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES To date, there are no well-established guidelines regarding laser therapy for the treatment of cutaneous lesions in pediatric patients. We aim to ascertain the types of lasers commonly used, types of lesions treated, and factors that affect the selection of specific laser modalities in pediatric patients. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS An anonymous online survey was distributed to healthcare providers who treat children with lasers through listservs of four major national and international dermatology and laser organizations. RESULTS Outpatient office-based procedure rooms are the most common clinical setting for laser procedures (74.4%), and pulsed dye laser is the most commonly used laser (95.4%). Conditions routinely treated with lasers included port wine stains (95.4%), infantile hemangiomas (81.5%), other vascular lesions (81.5%), scars (77.7%), and hair (60.8%). 84.4% of respondents expressed concern about general anesthesia in patients

Previous literature on higher education suggests the inclusion of pedagogy that is linguistically and culturally inclusive in settings with increasing multilingualism, which is the case in Canada. Yet, little is known as to how the implementation of such pedagogy can take place, particularly in language programs. This article reports a researcher-instructor collaboration that aimed at implementing plurilingual practices, such as translanguaging, plurilingual identity, comparons nos langues, and intercomprehension over 4 months in an English for Academic Purposes (EAP) program at a university in Toronto, Canada. Seven EAP instructors collaborated with a researcher to implement weekly plurilingual tasks: They conducted an environment analysis, examined the logistics of implementation, and collaboratively examined the tasks. The article presents the process of implementation of the plurilingual tasks and proposes a framework for collaboration with four key elements: administrative support, openness to the use of languages other than English in class, weekly collaborative checks with the researcher, and the learner-centered nature of the tasks. Implications for the implementation of plurilingualism in English language programs in higher education are discussed. La littérature existante sur l’enseignement supérieur suggère l’inclusion d’une pédagogie linguistiquement et culturellement inclusive là où le multilinguisme est en hausse, ce qui est le cas au Canada. On sait toutefois peu de choses sur la façon dont la mise en œuvre d’une telle pédagogie pourrait s’effectuer, particulièrement dans les programmes de langue. Le présent article rend compte d’une collaboration entre une chercheuse et plusieurs professeurs qui portait sur la mise en œuvre de pratiques plurilingues comme le translangagisme, l’identité plurilingue, Comparons nos langues, et l’intercompréhension sur une période de 4 mois dans le cadre d’un cours d’anglais académique (EAP) offert dans une université de Toronto, au Canada. Sept professeurs d’anglais académique ont collaboré avec une chercheuse à la mise en œuvre de tâches plurilingues hebdomadaires, et ce, en réalisant une analyse de l’environnement, en examinant la logistique de la mise en œuvre et en collaborant à l’examen des tâches. L’article présente le processus de mise en œuvre des tâches plurilingues et propose un cadre de collaboration comportant quatre éléments clés : soutien administratif, ouverture à l’utilisation de langues autres que l’anglais en classe, contrôles collaboratifs hebdomadaires avec la chercheuse et choix de tâches centrées sur l’apprenante ou l’apprenant. Les implications de la mise en œuvre du plurilinguisme à l’intérieur des programmes de langue anglaise dans l’enseignement supérieur font l’objet d’une discussion.

In their early phase, infantile hemangiomas (IH) can sometimes be difficult to differentiate from port-wine birthmarks (PWB). Until recently, inexpensive diagnostic tools have not been readily available.To determine the diagnostic utility of widely available colorimetric technology when differentiating PWB from IH in photographs of infants less than 3 months old.Multi-center, retrospective analysis of RGB (red, green, and blue) and HSL (hue, saturation, lightness) values collected using electronic colorimeters from images of clinically confirmed untreated IH or PWB. Subgroup analysis of flat vascular birthmarks was subsequently performed.Images of 119 IH (specifically, 45 flat IH) and 59 PWB were identified. PWB had significantly (P .001) higher RGB values of all primary colors, most notably for blue and green (mean difference:50), irrespective of thickness. RGB or RGB with HSL values had an excellent accuracy (90%), sensitivity (92%), specificity (98%), and positive predictive value (98%) when discriminating PWB from flat IH. IH could be distinctly clustered from PWB when combining their RGB with HSL values.Electronic colorimeters with emphasis on blue and green values, are able to differentiate PWB from IH, irrespective of thickness, with a high degree of accuracy. A larger scale evaluation is now required.

Importance Although various treatments have been found in clinical trials to be effective in treating actinic keratosis (AK), researchers often report different outcomes. Heterogeneous outcome reporting precludes the comparison of results across studies and impedes the synthesis of treatment effectiveness in systematic reviews. Objective To establish an international core outcome set for all clinical studies on AK treatment using systematic literature review and a Delphi consensus process. Evidence Review Survey study with a formal consensus process. The keywordsactinic keratosisandtreatmentwere searched in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library to identify English-language studies investigating AK treatments published between January 1, 1980, and July 13, 2015. Physician and patient stakeholders were nominated to participate in Delphi surveys by the Measurement of Priority Outcome Variables in Dermatologic Surgery Steering Committee members. All participants from the first round were invited to participate in the second round. Outcomes reported in randomized controlled clinical trials on AK treatment were rated via web-based e-Delphi consensus surveys. Stakeholders were asked to assess the relative importance of each outcome in 2 Delphi survey rounds. Outcomes were provisionally included, pending the final consensus conference, if at least 70% of patient or physician stakeholders rated the outcome as critically important in 1 or both Delphi rounds and the outcome received a mean score of 7.5 from either stakeholder group. Data analysis was performed from November 5, 2018, to February 27, 2019. Findings A total of 516 outcomes were identified by reviewing the literature and surveying key stakeholder groups. After deduplication and combination of similar outcomes, 137 of the 516 outcomes were included in the Delphi surveys. Twenty-one physicians and 12 patients participated in round 1 of the eDelphi survey, with 17 physicians (81%) retained and 12 patients (100%) retained in round 2. Of the 137 candidate outcomes, 9 met a priori Delphi consensus criteria, and 6 were included in the final outcomes set after a consensus meeting: complete clearance of AKs, percentage of AKs cleared, severity of adverse events, patient perspective on effectiveness, patient-reported future treatment preference, and recurrence rate. It was recommended that treatment response be assessed at 2 to 4 months and recurrence at 6 to 12 months, with the AK rate of progression to cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma reported whenever long-term follow-up was possible. Conclusions and Relevance Consensus was reached regarding a core outcome set for AK trials. Further research may help determine the specific outcome measures used to assess each of these outcomes.

This article describes the general condition of banknotes from the collection of Đorđe Novaković and conservation methods applied to fix the damages. A systematic approach has been presented to the planning of preservation, protection and restoration of 19th and 20th century banknotes, kept in the Belgrade City Museum since 1969. The condition of paper banknotes depends on manufacturing raw materials and production technology itself, as well as on storage ambient. Bearing in mind the cultural and historical significance of the Legacy, banknote conservation and restoration had to take into account their historical, aesthetic and physical integrity. The banknotes were first scanned, and the article presents an overview of the applied conservation methods, including disinfection performed at the National Library of Serbia. This was followed by thorough dry cleaning, washing, neutralization and removal of stains, finger­prints and other impurities degrading the paper. A complete restoration of banknotes should be avoided; therefore, we have opted to refrain from any unnecessary measure.

The COVID-19 pandemic has forced healthcare providers across all specialties to adjust their methods of clinical practice. In Dermatology, focus on the continued safe usage of immunomodulating biologic therapies has attracted particular interest as the COVID-19 virus represents a novel infection risk. While guidance on biologic initiation and continuation has been established,1 the return to normalcy will likely involve a safe and effective vaccine. This vaccine(s) will represent a new clinical hurdle for prescribers who have continued patients on biologic therapy throughout the pandemic.

Non-invasive skin-tightening devices can induce thermal denaturation and skin shrinkage via externally applied radiofrequency emissions or high-frequency ultrasound. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop and test a method for measurement of skin reduction associated with application of such energy devices. Twenty-five healthy participants with mild to moderate skin laxity of the arms were enrolled. Pinpoint microtattoos were placed at each of the treatment sites to delineate two 6 × 12 cm rectangles per subject. A non-stretchable filament, tape and marking pen apparatus was used to measure the size of each rectangle before treatment and at follow-up visit by two blinded investigators. After randomization, one side received a single pass with a radiofrequency device (6.78 MHz), while the contralateral side received multiple passes. Participants underwent two treatment sessions to each side 2 weeks apart, and returned for follow-up 4 weeks after the second treatment. Length and area measurement were analyzed to assess precision and accuracy of measurements and to compare efficacy of treatment between pre- and post-treatment. Concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) demonstrated substantial inter-investigator reliability and precision in length measurements (CCC, 0.94 to 0.98 in pre-treatment; 0.95 to 0.98 in post-treatment). Measurements at the 6-week post-treatment follow-up demonstrated a statistically significant skin reduction in all six of the measured parameters. A simple skin measurement method requiring minimal instrumentation can quantitatively evaluate skin shrinkage associated with non-invasive skin-tightening devices.

We describe novel Staphylococcal Protein A ligands that enable milder elution pH for use in affinity chromatography. The change in elution pH is the result of point mutations to the protein sequence. Two novel ligands are investigated in this study. The first, designated Z(H18S)4, represents a histidine to serine substitution single mutation. The second, designated Z(H18S, N28A)4, is a double mutant comprising histidine to serine and asparagine to alanine mutations. Both are compared against the unmutated sequence, designated Z4, which is currently utilized in a commercially available Protein A stationary phase for the purification of molecules containing Fc domains. The ligands are coupled to a chromatography support matrix and tested against a panel of antibodies and an Fc fusion protein for elution pH, dynamic binding capacity, step-wise elution, and capture from clarified culture media. Results demonstrate that the novel ligands result in milder elution pH, on average >0.5 pH units, when tested in a pH gradient. For step-wise elution at pH 4.0, the Z(H18S, N28A)4 ligand showed on average a greater than 30% increase in yield compared to Z4. Importantly, for the antibodies tested the mutations did not result in a decrease in dynamic binding capacity or other desirable attributes such as selectivity. A potential application of the novel ligands is shown with a pH sensitive molecule prone to aggregation under acidic conditions.

Summary Background Metabolic bone disease in patients with chronic liver disease is called hepatic osteodystrophy and is primarily a sequel to osteopenia/osteoporosis, and rarely secondary to osteomalacia. The aim of this work was to define the influence of vitamin D3 and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the pathogenesis of hepatic osteodystrophy, as well as the predictive significance of biochemical bone markers. MethodsThis prospective study included 58 male patients with alcoholic (49) and viral (9) cirrhosis. The concentrations of serum vitamin D3, PTH, osteocalcin and b-carboxy-ter - minal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (b-CTX) were determined. Bone density was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry in the L1-L4 spinal segment and the femoral neck. Results Lower bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in 41 patients (70.7%). There was no significant correlation between PTH and vitamin D3 values and T score in the femoral neck (p=0.51; p=0.063) and lumbar spine (p=0.49; 0.064). Also, no significant correlation was found between the osteocalcin values in lumbar spine BMD (p=0.944) and femoral neck (p=0.161), or with b-CTX values and BMD in the lumbar spine (p=0.347) and femoral neck (p=0.73). Statistically significant difference was confirmed between the stage A osteocalcin (p=0.000) and b- CTX (p=0.008) values in relation to advanced stages B and C.

Introduction: Fractures are often the first sign of osteoporosis. Aim: To establish importance of previous fractures as a predictor of osteoporosis. Material and Methods: The prospective analysis encompassed 2328 patients by merging two ,,Bonlink' databases from two reference osteodensitometric centers in Serbia: one from Special Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases Novi Sad and other from Railway Healthcare Center, Belgrade. All patients had their bone mineral density (BMD) measured at the lumbar spine and at the hip. Results were interpreted according to the valid definition of osteoporosis. All patients were questioned regarding previous low-trauma fractures and/or their radiographic findings were observed from medical documentation. In statistical analysis, descriptive statistics, central tendency measures, and chi-square test were used. Results: 97% of patients were women and 3% were men, with average 64.39±8.84 years of age. According to the T score of the hip and the lumbar spine, most patients had their BMD on the osteopenia and osteoporosis level. From all subjects, 31% had low energy fractures. Regarding differences between subjects with different T score at the hip and low energy fractures X2 = 60.19; p = 0.00) and differences between subjects with different T score at the lumbar spine and low energy fractures X2 = 31.89; p = 0.00) there was statistical difference between subjects with osteopenia/osteoporosis and those with regular Tscore results regarding previous low-trauma fractures (p

Th e aim of our study was to evaluate the distribution of the ABO blood groups in sample of Serbian patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. We evaluated 114 patients from Serbia that were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2. All ABO blood groups were recorded as well as the HbA/1-C values in each patient. We also analysed the presence of the following risk factors: positive family history, elevated triglycerides, increased blood pressure and overweight. Male and female patients were evaluated separately. Th e most frequent blood type in this group of patients was the A blood group, whereas the least frequent was the AB blood group. Th ere was a signifi cant increase in the frequency of the AB blood group in Serbian patients with DM type 2 compared to the frequency in the overall Serbian population (p

How T cells become restricted to binding antigenic peptides within class I or class II major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHCI or pMHCII, respectively) via clonotypic T-cell receptors (TCRs) remains debated. During development, if TCR-pMHC interactions exceed an affinity threshold, a signal is generated that positively selects the thymocyte to become a mature CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cell that can recognize foreign peptides within MHCII or MHCI, respectively. But whether TCRs possess an intrinsic, subthreshold specificity for MHC that facilitates sampling of the peptides within MHC during positive selection or T-cell activation is undefined. Here we asked if increasing the frequency of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck)-associated CD4 molecules in T-cell hybridomas would allow for the detection of subthreshold TCR-MHC interactions. The reactivity of 10 distinct TCRs was assessed in response to selecting and nonselecting MHCII bearing cognate, null, or "shaved" peptides with alanine substitutions at known TCR contact residues: Three of the TCRs were selected on MHCII and have defined peptide specificity, two were selected on MHCI and have a known pMHC specificity, and five were generated in vitro without defined selecting or cognate pMHC. Our central finding is that IL-2 was made when each TCR interacted with selecting or nonselecting MHCII presenting shaved peptides. These responses were abrogated by anti-CD4 antibodies and mutagenesis of CD4. They were also inhibited by anti-MHC antibodies that block TCR-MHCII interactions. We interpret these data as functional evidence for TCR-intrinsic specificity for MHCII.

As ‘greening’ of all aspects of human activity becomes mainstream, transportation science is also increasingly focused around sustainability. Modal co-existence between motorised and non-motorised traffic on urban networks is, in this context, of particular interest for traffic flow modelling. The main modelling problems here are posed by the heterogeneity of vehicles, including size and dynamics, and by the complex interactions at intersections. Herein we address these with a novel technique, based on one-dimensional cellular automata components, for modelling network infrastructure and its occupancy by vehicles. We use this modelling approach, together with a corresponding vehicle behaviour model, to simulate combined car and bicycle traffic for two elemental scenarios—examples of components that would be used in the building of an arbitrary network. Results of simulations performed on these scenarios, (i) a stretch of road and (ii) an intersection causing conflict between cars and bicycles sharing a lane, are presented and analysed.

Key to economic recovery and regional stability in Southeastern Europe (especially Western Balkans) economies is establishing institutions supporting competitive markets and integration into European markets. This should meet institutional, legal and economic objectives. From the institutional perspective, the new trade policy should be simpler in order to reduce the administrative burden and to minimize incentives for corruption. From the legal viewpoint the WTO will be the anchor of the trade policy of the countries in the region. From the economic perspective countries should seize the opportunity to sign Free Trade Agreements which boost their current and future growth, and contribute to solving their pending economic and institutional problems. Serbia and Montenegro has started to harmonize their tariff systems. This harmonized tariff should serve as the base for the negotiations with the other members of WTO before Serbia and Montenegro becomes the member of this organization.

The aim of the study was to assess the cli­nical performance of the model combining areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at spine and microarchitecural texture (TBS) for the detection of the osteoporo­tic fracture. The Eastern European Study is a multicenter study (Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine) evaluating the role of TBS in routine clinical practice as a complement to aBMD. All scans were acquired on Holo­gic Disco­very and GE Prodigy densitometers in a routine clinical manner. The additional clinical values of aBMD and TBS were analyzed using a two steps classification tree approach (aBMD followed by TBS tertiles) for all type of osteoporotic fracture (All-OP Fx). Sensitivity, specifi­city and accuracy of fracture detection as well as the Net Reclassification Index (NRI) were calculated. This study involves 1031 women subjects aged 45 and older recrui­ted in east European countries. Clinical centers were cross-calibrated in terms of BMD and TBS. As expe­cted, areal BMD (aBMD) at spine and TBS were only mo­derately correlated (r2 = 0.19). Prevalence rate for All-OP Fx was 26%. Subjects with fracture have significant lower TBS and aBMD than subjects without fracture (p, Целью исследования была оценка клинической эффективности модели, объединяющей показатели минеральной плотности (МПКТ) и микроархитектуры (TBS) костной ткани позвоночника, по выявлению остеопоротических переломов. Восточноевропейское многоцентровое исследование (Сербия, Болгария, Румыния, Украина) оценивало роль TBS в рутинной клинической практике как дополнение к МПКТ. Все отсканированные данные были получены на денситометрах Hologic Discovery и GE Prodigy обычным способом, который применяется в клинической практике. Клинические значения МПКТ позвоночника и TBS для всех типов остеопоротических переломов (All-OP Fx) дополнительно были проанализированы методом двухэтапного дерева классификации (МПКТ сопровождалось анализом тертилив TBS). Были определены чувствительность, специфичность и точность обнаружения переломов, а также был рассчитан Net Reclassification Index (NRI). Исследование включало 1031 женщину в возрасте 45 лет и старше из разных стран Восточной Европы. Клинические центры были перекрестно откалиброваны по МПКТ и TBS. Как и ожидалось, минеральная плотность костной ткани позвоночника и TBS коррелировали умеренно (r2 = 0,19). Показатель распространенности для всех типов остеопоротических переломов (All-OP Fx) составил 26%. Пациенты с переломами имели значимо более низкие показатели TBS и МПКТ позвоночника, чем лица без переломов (p = 0,01). Показатель TBS ассоциировался с наличием переломов даже после поправки на возраст и МПКТ позвоночника с OR (odds ratio) 1,27 [1,07-1,51]. Показатели МПКТ позвоночника с Т-критерию -2,5 и ниже и TBS нижнего тертиля были сходны с точки зрения чувствительности (35 против 39%), специфичности (78 против 80%) и точности (64 против 66%). Комбинация МПКТ позвоночника и TBS приводила к значительному повышению чувствительности (+ 28%) и точности (+ 17%) по сравнению с использованием только МПКТ позвоночника, в то время как специфичность улучшалась умеренно (+ 9%). Общий коэффициент эффективности комбинации, определенный с помощью NRI, составил 36%. Сочетанное применение МПКТ позвоночника и TBS существенно уменьшило количество субъектов, которые нуждаются в дополнительной диагностики МПКТ, с 7 до 2. Мы показали, что в восточноевропейской когорте использования TBS как дополнение к МПКТ позвоночника позволяет правильно классифицировать более трети из всех пациентов. Кроме того, количество лиц, которые нуждаются в дополнительной диагностики, уменьшилась до 2. Чтобы оценить выгоду использования TBS для системы здравоохранения, необходимо провести дополнительные экономические исследования., Метою дослідження була оцінка клінічної ефективності моделі, що поєднує показники мінеральної щільності (МЩКТ) і мікроархітектури (TBS) кісткової тканини хребта, щодо виявлення остеопоротичних переломів. Східноєвропейське багатоцентрове дослідження (Сербія, Болгарія, Румунія, Україна) оцінювало роль TBS у рутинній клінічній практиці як доповнення до МЩКТ. Усі відскановані дані були отримані на денситометрах Hologic Discovery й GE Prodigy звичайним способом, що застосовується в клінічній практиці. Клінічні значення МЩКТ хребта і TBS для всіх типів остеопоротичних переломів (All-OP Fx) додатково були проаналізовані методом двохетапного дерева класифікації (МЩКТ супроводжувалось аналізом тертилів TBS). Були визначені чутливість, специфічність і точність виявлення переломів, а також був розрахований Net Reclassification Index (NRI). Дослідження включало 1031 жінку віком 45 років і старше з різних країн Східної Європи. Клінічні центри були перехресно відкалібровані за МЩКТ і TBS. Як і очікувалось, мінеральна щільність кісткової тканини хребта і TBS корелювали помірно (r2 = 0,19). Показник поширеності для всіх типів остеопоротичних переломів (All-OP Fx) становив 26%. Пацієнти з переломами мали значимо нижчі показники TBS і МЩКТ хребта, ніж особи без переломів (p = 0,01). Показник TBS асоціювався з наявністю переломів навіть після поправки на вік і МЩКТ хребта з OR (odds ratio) 1,27 [1,07–1,51]. Показники МЩКТ хребта за Т-критерієм –2,5 і нижче та TBS нижнього тертиля були подібні з погляду чутливості (35 проти 39%), специфічності (78 проти 80%) і точності (64 проти 66%). Комбінація МЩКТ хребта і TBS приводила до значного підвищення чутливості (+28%) і точності (+17%) порівняно з використанням тільки МЩКТ хребта, у той час як специфічність покращувалась помірно (+9%). Загальний коефіцієнт ефективності комбінації, визначений за допомогою NRI, становив 36%. Поєднане застосування МЩКТ хребта і TBS істотно зменшило кількість суб’єктів, які потребують додаткової діагностики МЩКТ, із 7 до 2. Ми показали, що в східноєвропейській когорті використання TBS як доповнення до МЩКТ хребта дозволяє правильно класифікувати більше ніж третину з усіх пацієнтів. Крім того, кількість осіб, які потребують додаткової діагностики, зменшилась до 2. Щоб оцінити вигоду використання TBS для системи охорони здоров’я, необхідно провести додаткові економічні дослідження.

The aim of the study was to assess the clinical performance of the model combining areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at spine and microarchitecural texture (TBS) for the detection of the osteoporotic fracture. The Eastern European Study is a multicenter study (Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania and Ukraine) evaluating the role of TBS in routine clinical practice as a complement to aBMD. All scans were acquired on Hologic Discovery and GE Prodigy densitometers in a routine clinical manner. The additional clinical values of aBMD and TBS were analyzed using a two steps classification tree approach (aBMD followed by TBS tertiles) for all type of osteoporotic fracture (All-OP Fx). Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of fracture detection as well as the Net Reclassification Index (NRI) were calculated. This study involves 1031 women subjects aged 45 and older recruited in east European countries. Clinical centers were cross-calibrated in terms of BMD and TBS. As expected, areal BMD (aBMD) at spine and TBS were only moderately correlated (r 2 = 0.19). Prevalence rate for All-OP Fx was 26 %. Subjects with fracture have significant lower TBS and aBMD than subjects without fracture (p

Modelling of heterogeneous traffic including non-motorised modalities is a topic of increased interest, as ‘greening’ becomes an integral part of transportation science. The variation of form among these heterogeneous flows means that models developed to represent them are just as diverse. The particular case of interest here is that of lane-sharing between bicycles and motorised vehicles, with positional discipline. A cellular automata-based model is developed and applied for the study of this kind of mixed traffic.

Questions concerning the possible mechanisms and ultimate utility of a modal shift towards alternatives to motorised transport in the developed world represent an important topic within the context of the very current problem of ‘greening’ urban environments, in addition to their relevance with respect to health and social aspects of transportation. The study of physical properties of traffic through measurements and modelling is essential to forming a comprehensive view of a transportation system’s characteristics for any purpose, from day-to-day traffic management to long-term urban planning, and can play an important role in the planned inclusion of non-motorised traffic in cities. The focus of our work is on cycling in Dublin which is, like other old cities in Europe, characterised by relatively dense networks of narrow streets and little flexibility with regard to infrastructure. This chapter presents a simulation model suitable for the study of heterogeneous traffic on urban networks and its application to conditions similar to those present in Dublin, where bicycle traffic is sparse, road sharing with positional discipline is the most common form of bicycle-traffic inclusion and dedicated infrastructure and bicycle-related controls are absent.

The contemporary problem of 'greening' urban transport, in its complexity, calls for multi-faceted solutions, including a range of inputs, from theoretical modelling to resource planning and monitoring. This paper offers a contribution to scenario assessment, through a computational model of heterogeneous urban traffic flows. Built on a cellular-automaton framework, it considers, in particular, the inclusion of pedal-bicycles in the specific case of a city with an incomplete dedicated bicycle lane network, where close road sharing takes place between motorised and non-motorised vehicles. Generic spatial and behaviour components of the model have been defined and a simulation framework built based on those. Application of this framework is demonstrated for the case of an intersection of two one-way streets.