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Avrupa bütünleşmesi farklı bağlamlarda, II.Dünya Savaşı'ndan sonra, olası gerilimlere karşıt olarak, ama aynı zamanda yüzyıllar içinde farklı türetilmiş idealistler tarafından geliştirilen bir projenin gerçekleştirilmesi olarak başladı. Ana amacı, genellikle farklı komşu idari alanları çaresiz ama anlamsız savaşlarda birbirleriyle savaşmaya götüren rekabetlerin üstesinden gelmek olacaktır. Kıtanın periyodik olarak maruz kaldığı, yönetilmesi gereken bu tür gerilimler, stratejik ve jeopolitik ölçekte AB için entegrasyonda daha ileri bir adımın zorluğunu, yani aniden ortaya çıkabilecek farklı risklerle yüzleşebilecek bazı operatif cihazların oluşturulmasını gerektirmektedir. Son zamanlarda güvenlik ve aynı zamanda insani ve daha geniş sivil çıkarımlar göz önünde bulundurularak yeni bir şekilde karşı karşıya kalınması gereken kitlesel göç meselesidir., European integration started in different contexts, after the World War II, as an answer to contingent tensions, but also as the realization of a project elaborated in the centuries by idealists of different derivation. Its main aim would be that of overcoming rivalries that often brought the different contiguous counties to fighting each other in desperate but non-sense wars. Such kind of tensions, the continent is periodically exposed to, need to be managed, requiring for the EU the challenge of a further step in the integration, namely the formation of some operative device, capable of facing the different risks, that may appear suddenly at strategic and geo-political scale. It is the case, recently, of mass immigration, that need to be faced with in a new way, considering security, but also human and wider civil implications.

This thesis-based study examines changing ethnic groups within the Valcanale region since its national affiliation to Italy after the end of World War I, focusing on German and Slovenian-speaking minorities (i.e., autochthonous Valcanale inhabitants) in relation to their various external and self-recognition. In addition, the study addresses the impact of spatial structures over a “longue durée” based on symbolic ethnicity within a cultural landscape heritage framework. It presents a theoretical outline followed by “contact persons-based research” and analysis of relevant persistent cultural landscape elements utilising on-site studies. Primarily, the autochthonous population – now numbering less than one hundred German speakers and just over three hundred Slovenian speakers in the Valcanale – has been affected by assimilation and the belated safeguarding of minorities (from 1999 onwards).

Domande simili sono le più difficili a cui rispondere: come definire, e prima ancora comprendere, ciò che abbiamo ogni giorno davanti agli occhi? Più di tutto risulta difficile formulare una definizione dei fenomeni ancora in divenire, e in quanto tali mutevoli, di cui non siamo in grado di prevedere le conseguenze. È il caso, ad esempio, dell’apertura di un confine, che se inserita in un contesto di globalizzazione porta a interrogarsi su quali siano – e quali saranno – le reali dimensioni del fenomeno. Come evolverà?

Due to the terminological difficulties as well as diverse definitions of the region that it is possible to come across in literature it seems necessary to clarify the notion of the region as well as its spatial extent in Europe. The term region is commonly used in three different meanings corresponding to three different concepts of "part of the area". The division of space into specific areas can serve as a tool for the intended research, either for the organization of a specific social action in the space or may constitute the subject of research. There are many arguments for distinguishing Central Europe that can be understood as the belt of countries which runs west of the border of Germany, Austria and Italy, and to the east of the border of Russia (without the Kaliningrad enclave), Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova. These arguments can be divided into geographical, economic, historical, political and cultural criteria. Putting them together indicates the existence of a separate specific spatial formation with distinct features different from the surrounding area and at the same time with the borderline that is difficult to determine. From a political point of view, based on historical premises and the ranges of various religions, the center of Central Europe, which included countries being in the former USSR sphere of influence between 1918 and 1939, consists of the present territories of Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. Today there are following countries in a border zone: Lithuania, Latvia, western Belarus, Kaliningrad Oblast (Kaliningrad), and the western part of Ukraine, Romania, Vojvodina in Serbia, Slovenia, the eastern part of Austria and the eastern part of Germany. Clearly defined regions of Western Europe, Scandinavia, the European part of Russia and the Balkans are bordering with this area.

Non esiste una teoria precisa del terrorista, né del terrorismo: un fenomeno – inteso come fenomeno umano, piuttosto che strettamente politico – che è oggetto di svariate analisi che, a seconda dei casi pongono l’attenzione sull’aspetto soggettivo o oggettivo, sul contesto o sulla situazione contingente, su una certa derivazione sociale o su una certa funzione strategica. In genere si distingue tra cause di tipo ideologico, e indotte da qualche disegno più vasto, e cause spontanee, in altri termini tra un aspetto strumentale ed uno psico-espressivo che, come in genere per i fenomeni umani, caratterizzerebbero le azioni del terrorista.