403 results on '"Jeffrey P, Carpenter"'
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2. Community Mapping in Teacher Preparation: Developing Undergraduate Students' Knowledge of Community Assets
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Heidi Hollingsworth, Lisa Buchanan, Abigail Maclean Wilson, Felicia Robinson, and Jeffrey Paul Carpenter
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This study investigated the impact of a course-based community asset mapping (CAM) project on undergraduate students' capacity for identifying and understanding assets within communities surrounding specific schools. The mapping project was grounded in the literature on culturally sustaining pedagogy and experiential education and involved teacher education students (n = 45) collaborating to complete and report on an analysis of local community assets. Findings indicated participants gained improved knowledge and competence regarding CAM, were able to provide more accurate and detailed explanations of assets and the asset mapping process, and were able to identify various assets available to PK-12 students and families in particular communities within the local school district. The discussion highlights participants' success in inventorying physical, tangible assets, and notes where they fell short of recognizing other assets. We also discuss how coursework could have better supported the project and could have allowed the potential of CAM to be more fully realized. The conclusion addresses implications for teacher preparation, particularly for connecting candidates with communities and for the implementation of assignments similar to the community asset mapping project studied herein.
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- 2024
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3. The Importance of Context in Teacher Educators' Professional Digital Competence
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Joshua M. Rosenberg, Aaron Kessler, Enilda Romero-Hall, and Christian Fischer
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Digital technologies permeate modern life, and schools are accordingly expected to help students develop related knowledge and skills. As a result, educators' professional digital competence (PDC) has received substantial attention from school leaders, policymakers, teacher educators, and researchers. Theory and prior research suggest that educators' PDC does not solely determine their technology use, with contextual factors, such as competing curricular demands and access to technology, influencing technology implementation and ongoing PDC development. While some prior research has addressed how PK-12 teachers' contexts shape their digital technology use, few studies have explored similar matters with respect to teacher educators. Drawing on an established set of teacher educator technology competencies, we report results from an international survey of 336 teacher educators regarding their self-reported PDC and its development and enactment. Using qualitative coding, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, and quantitative analysis, we find that teacher educators develop and enact their competencies in various ways including through informal endeavours as well as formal, institutionally supported, and/or led activities. Three types of assets and barriers (access, leadership, personal characteristics) present differently for participants in different contexts. These findings have implications for how institutions support teacher educators' PDC development and technology integration in various settings.
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- 2024
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4. Refreshing the Affinity Space Concept: Evolving Understandings of Learning via Social Media Platforms in an Algorithmic Age
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Anna R. Oliveri and Jeffrey Paul Carpenter
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Purpose: The purpose of this conceptual paper is to describe how the affinity space concept has been used to frame learning via social media, and call for and discuss a refresh of the affinity space concept to accommodate changes in social media platforms and algorithms. Design/methodology/approach: Guided by a sociocultural perspective, this paper reviews and discusses some ways the affinity space concept has been used to frame studies across various contexts, its benefits and disadvantages and how it has already evolved. It then calls for and describes a refresh of the affinity space concept. Findings: Although conceptualized 20 years ago, the affinity space concept remains relevant to understanding social media use for learning. However, a refresh is needed to accommodate how platforms have changed, algorithms' evolving role in social media participation and how these technologies influence users' interactions and experiences. This paper offers three perspectives to expand the affinity space concept's usefulness in an increasingly platformized and algorithmically mediated world. Practical implications: This paper underscores the importance of algorithmic literacy for learners and educators, as well as regulations and guidance for social media platforms. Originality/value: This conceptual paper revisits and updates a widely utilized conceptual framing with consideration for how social media platform design and algorithms impact interactions and shape user experiences.
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- 2024
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5. A Literature Review on Self-Regulated Learning and Personal Learning Environments: Features of a Close Relationship
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Gemma Tur, Linda Castañeda, Ricardo Torres-Kompen, and Jeffrey P. Carpenter
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This article analyzes the relationship between self-regulated learning (SRL) and personal learning environments (PLE) in light of the educational academic literature of the decade 2010-2020. This study uses a systematized literature review followed by a qualitative analysis of the most cited literature to establish a narrative that highlights and deconstructs the close relationship between learners' SRL skills, and their capacity to develop and refine their PLE. For this purpose, in this analysis we explore (1) the presence of the PLE concept in the 200 most referenced papers published on SRL, and (2) the relationship between the two concepts, as they appear in the 20 most frequently cited articles that include both of them. Results show that SRL is linked to an educational and mixed perspective on the PLE concept, and that a variety of designs and platforms exist for teaching strategies linking SRL and PLE in educational practices. In-depth analysis suggests a series of features that reveal the influence of SRL in the PLE concept. Conclusions address recommendations for further work to explore these features and the manner in which they can extend the features of the relationship between PLE and SRL.
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- 2024
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6. Educators' Perspectives on and Motivations for Using Teacherspayteachers.com
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter and Catharyn C. Shelton
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TeachersPayTeachers.com (TpT) is an influential online education resource marketplace where users download, buy, and sell education content. How and why educators use platforms like TpT has received only limited scholarly attention. This research therefore addresses a gap in the literature by exploring educators' (N = 1359) self-reported uses and perceptions of TpT. Participants reported intensive and multifaceted TpT use, in particular to address curriculum gaps and time pressures. Most respondents perceived TpT content to be of high quality, but many also noted challenges with TpT. We discuss implications related to education resource production, distribution, and consumption in a digital era.
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- 2024
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7. Rapid Restratification Processes Control Mixed Layer Turbulence and Phytoplankton Growth in a Deep Convection Region
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Mariana Miracca‐Lage, Johannes Becherer, Lucas Merckelbach, Anthony Bosse, Pierre Testor, and Jeffrey R. Carpenter
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glider ,restratification ,turbulence ,convection ,Geophysics. Cosmic physics ,QC801-809 - Abstract
Abstract The Gulf of Lion, Northwestern Mediterranean Sea, is one of few oceanic regions where deep convection occurs. We investigate the restratification following a convection event using measurements from an ocean glider equipped with turbulence microstructure sensors. This unique combination of instruments provides a high‐resolution description of the mixed layer with regard to turbulence, stratification and chlorophyll. We observe a rapid restratification process that proceeds over a timescale of days to one week. We find that restratification exerts a leading order control on surface mixed layer turbulence variability, as abrupt changes in turbulence dissipation rates are associated with the formation of near‐surface stratification. The near‐surface formation of stratification occurs through both the diurnal variability in surface buoyancy fluxes and through lateral advective processes. We conclude that daily near‐surface processes that influence stratification control mixed layer turbulence levels, and thus the phytoplankton response in the critical transition period to spring bloom.
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- 2024
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8. Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase deficiency: Case report and brief review of the literature
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Joshua L. Libell, BS, Dhairya A. Lakhani, MD, Aneri B. Balar, MD, Musharaf Khan, DO, Jeffrey S. Carpenter, MD, and Joe T. Joseph, MD
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Guanidinoacetate N-Methyltransferase ,Creatine ,Cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome ,Global developmental delay ,Genetic testing ,Magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Guanidinoacetate N-methyltransferase (GAMT) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by a decrease in creatine synthesis, resulting in cerebral creatine deficiency syndrome (CCDS). GAMT deficiency is caused by mutations in the GAMT gene located on chromosome 19, which impairs the conversion of guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) to creatine. The resulting accumulation of the toxic metabolite GAA and the lack of creatine lead to various symptoms, including global developmental delays, behavioral issues, and epilepsy. The gold standard for diagnosis of GAMT deficiency is genetic testing. Treatment options for GAMT deficiency include creatine supplementation, ornithine supplementation, arginine restriction, and sodium benzoate supplementation. These treatment options have been shown to improve movement disorders and epileptic symptoms, but their impact on intellectual and speech development is limited. Early intervention has shown promising results in normalizing neurological development in a minor subgroup of patients. Therefore, there is a growing need for newborn screening techniques to detect GAMT deficiency early and prevent permanent neurological delays. Here we report a case of GAMT deficiency with emphasis on imaging presentation. Our case showed reduced brain parenchyma creatine stores on MR Spectroscopy, which may provide an avenue to aid in early diagnosis.
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- 2023
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9. Ultrasound-mediated blood–brain barrier opening uncovers an intracerebral perivenous fluid network in persons with Alzheimer’s disease
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Rashi I. Mehta, Jeffrey S. Carpenter, Rupal I. Mehta, Marc W. Haut, Peng Wang, Manish Ranjan, Umer Najib, Pierre-François D’Haese, and Ali R. Rezai
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Alzheimer's disease ,Blood–brain barrier opening ,Focused ultrasound ,Glymphatic efflux ,Interstitial efflux ,Neurofluid ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Focused ultrasound (FUS)-mediated blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening is under investigation as a therapeutic modality for neurodegeneration, yet its effects in humans are incompletely understood. Here, we assessed physiologic responses to FUS administered in multifocal brain sites of persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods At a tertiary neuroscience institute, eight participants with AD (mean age 65, 38% F) enrolled in a phase 2 clinical trial underwent three successive targeted BBB opening procedures at 2 week intervals using a 220 kHz FUS transducer in combination with systemically administered microbubbles. In all, 77 treatment sites were evaluated and encompassed hippocampal, frontal, and parietal brain regions. Post-FUS imaging changes, including susceptibility effects and spatiotemporal gadolinium-based contrast agent enhancement patterns, were analyzed using serial 3.0-Tesla MRI. Results Post-FUS MRI revealed expected intraparenchymal contrast extravasation due to BBB opening at all targeted brain sites. Immediately upon BBB opening, hyperconcentration of intravenously-administered contrast tracer was consistently observed around intracerebral veins. Following BBB closure, within 24–48 h of FUS intervention, permeabilization of intraparenchymal veins was observed and persisted for up to one week. Notably, extraparenchymal meningeal venous permeabilization and associated CSF effusions were also elicited and persisted up to 11 days post FUS treatment, prior to complete spontaneous resolution in all participants. Mild susceptibility effects were detected, however no overt intracranial hemorrhage or other serious adverse effects occurred in any participant. Conclusions FUS-mediated BBB opening is safely and reproducibly achieved in multifocal brain regions of persons with AD. Post-FUS tracer enhancement phenomena suggest the existence of a brain-wide perivenous fluid efflux pathway in humans and demonstrate reactive physiological changes involving these conduit spaces in the delayed, subacute phase following BBB disruption. The delayed reactive venous and perivenous changes are consistent with a dynamic, zonal exudative response to upstream capillary manipulation. Further preclinical and clinical investigations of these FUS-related imaging phenomena and of intracerebral perivenous compartment changes are needed to elucidate physiology of this pathway as well as biological effects of FUS administered with and without adjuvant neurotherapeutics. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03671889, registered 9/14/2018
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- 2023
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10. Digital social support among educators in social media: An international comparative study of tweets and replies in #teachertwitter and #twlz.
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Eric Richter, Jeffrey P. Carpenter 0001, André Meyer, and Dirk Richter
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- 2024
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11. Characterization of passive permeability after low intensity focused ultrasound mediated blood–brain barrier disruption in a preclinical model
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Tasneem A. Arsiwala, Samuel A. Sprowls, Kathryn E. Blethen, Ross A. Fladeland, Cullen P. Wolford, Brooke N. Kielkowski, Morgan J. Glass, Peng Wang, Olivia Wilson, Jeffrey S. Carpenter, Manish Ranjan, Victor Finomore, Ali Rezai, and Paul R. Lockman
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Blood–Brain barrier ,Focused ultrasound ,ExAblate Neuro ,Disruption ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
Abstract Background Systemic drug delivery to the central nervous system is limited by presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Low intensity focused ultrasound (LiFUS) is a non-invasive technique to disrupt the BBB, though there is a lack of understanding of the relationship between LiFUS parameters, such as cavitation dose, time of sonication, microbubble dose, and the time course and magnitude of BBB disruption. Discrepancies in these data arise from experimentation with modified, clinically untranslatable transducers and inconsistent parameters for sonication. In this report, we characterize microbubble and cavitation doses as LiFUS variables as they pertain to the time course and size of BBB opening with a clinical Insightec FUS system. Methods Female Nu/Nu athymic mice were exposed to LiFUS using the ExAblate Neuro system (v7.4, Insightec, Haifa, Israel) following target verification with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Microbubble and cavitation doses ranged from 4–400 μL/kg, and 0.1–1.5 cavitation dose, respectively. The time course and magnitude of BBB opening was evaluated using fluorescent tracers, ranging in size from 105–10,000 Da, administered intravenously at different times pre- or post-LiFUS. Quantitative autoradiography and fluorescence microscopy were used to quantify tracer accumulation in brain. Results We observed a microbubble and cavitation dose dependent increase in tracer uptake within brain after LiFUS. Tracer accumulation was size dependent, with 14C-AIB (100 Da) accumulating to a greater degree than larger markers (~ 625 Da–10 kDa). Our data suggest opening of the BBB via LiFUS is time dependent and biphasic. Accumulation of solutes was highest when administered prior to LiFUS mediated disruption (2–fivefold increases), but was also significantly elevated at 6 h post treatment for both 14C-AIB and Texas Red. Conclusion The magnitude of LiFUS mediated BBB opening correlates with concentration of microbubbles, cavitation dose as well as time of tracer administration post-sonication. These data help define the window of maximal BBB opening and applicable sonication parameters on a clinically translatable and commercially available FUS system that can be used to improve passive permeability and accumulation of therapeutics targeting the brain.
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- 2022
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12. The large-scale impact of anthropogenic mixing by offshore wind turbine foundations in the shallow North Sea
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Nils Christiansen, Jeffrey R. Carpenter, Ute Daewel, Nobuhiro Suzuki, and Corinna Schrum
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offshore wind energy ,wind turbines ,wakes ,turbulent mixing ,stratification ,modeling ,Science ,General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution ,QH1-199.5 - Abstract
Structure drag from offshore wind turbines and its physical impacts on the marine environment of the German Bight are investigated in this study. The flow past vertical cylinders, such as wind turbine foundations, and associated turbulent mixing has long been studied, but questions remain about anticipated regional implications of offshore wind infrastructure on physical and biogeochemical conditions. Here, we present two existing modeling approaches for simulating wind turbine foundation effects in regional ocean models and discuss the problematic use of very high resolution in hydrostatic modeling. By implementing a low-resolution structure drag parameterization in an unstructured-grid model, we demonstrate the impacts of monopile drag on hydrodynamic conditions, validated against recent in-situ measurements. Although the anthropogenic mixing is confined at wind farm sites, our simulations show that structure-induced mixing affects much larger, regional scales. The additional turbulence production emerges as the driving mechanism behind the monopile impacts, leading to changes in both the current velocities and stratification, with magnitudes of about 10%, similar in magnitude to regional annual and interannual variabilities. This study provides new insights into the hydrodynamic impact of offshore wind farms at their current development levels and emphasizes the need for further research in view of potential restructuring of the future coastal environment.
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- 2023
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13. Impact of adipose-derived stem cells on aortic tensile strength in a model of abdominal aortic aneurysm
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Keshav Kooragayala, Johanna Lou, Vaishali Krishnadoss, Brian Zilberman, Nicholas Deleo, Olga Ostrovsky, Ping Zhang, Iman Noshadi, Spencer Brown, and Jeffrey P. Carpenter
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Stem cell ,Aortic aneurysm ,Regenerative medicine ,Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system ,RC666-701 - Abstract
Introduction: Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a highly morbid condition and is the 11th leading cause of death in the United States. Treatment options are limited to operative interventions, with minimal non-operative options. Prior literature has demonstrated a benefit to the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in attenuating AAA formation. We demonstrate the utility of MSCs in treating AAA in swine, focusing on the mechanical and structural characteristics of aortic tissue after treatment. Methods: 16 Yorkshire pigs underwent retroperitoneal exposure of the infrarenal aorta, with subsequent induction of AAA with peri-adventitial elastase and collagenase. A 1 × 4 cm piece of Gelfoam, an absorbable gelatin-based hemostatic agent, was soaked in media or human MSCs and placed directly on the vessel for control and experimental animals. At postoperative day 21, animals were sacrificed and the infrarenal aorta at this location was harvested for analysis. Tensile strength was measured using a tensiometer, from which Young's modulus and maximum strain were calculated. Results: All animals survived the surgery and post-operative course. Young's elastic modulus for the aneurysm control group was 15.83 ± 1.61 compared to 22.13 ± 2.34 for the stem cell treated segment, p = 0.0316. There was no significant difference in the peak stress between groups. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate the mechanical effects of stem cell therapy on a model of AAA in swine. Young's modulus, which characterizes the intrinsic capacity of a tissue to withstand stress, was greater in the animals treated with MSCs compared to control animals with aneurysms. This methodology can be utilized in future large animal models to develop cell and drug-based therapies for AAA.
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- 2023
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14. Blood-tumor barrier opening by MRI-guided transcranial focused ultrasound in a preclinical breast cancer brain metastasis model improves efficacy of combinatorial chemotherapy
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Tasneem A. Arsiwala, Kathryn E. Blethen, Cullen P. Wolford, Dhruvi M. Panchal, Samuel A. Sprowls, Ross A. Fladeland, Brooke N. Kielkowski, Trenton A. Pritt, Peng Wang, Olivia Wilson, Jeffrey S. Carpenter, Victor Finomore, Ali Rezai, and Paul R. Lockman
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blood-brain barrer ,blood-tumor barrier (BTB) ,focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) ,chemotherapeutic responses ,drug delivery ,efficacy ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Patients with metastatic breast cancer have high and continually increasing rates of brain metastases. During the course of the disease, brain metastases can occur in up to 30% of these patients. In most cases, brain metastases are diagnosed after significant disease progression. The blood-tumor barrier increases the difficulty of treating brain metastasis by preventing accumulation of chemotherapy within metastases at therapeutically effective concentrations. Traditional therapies, such as surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, have poor efficacy, as reflected by a low median survival rate of 5-8% after post-diagnosis. Low-intensity focused ultrasound (LiFUS) is a new treatment for enhancing drug accumulation within the brain and brain malignancies. In this study, we elucidate the effect of clinical LiFUS combined with chemotherapy on tumor survival and progression in a preclinical model of triple-negative breast cancer metastasis to the brain. LiFUS significantly increased the tumor accumulation of 14C-AIB and Texas Red compared to controls (p< 0.01). LiFUS-mediated opening of the BTB is size-dependent, which is consistent with our previous studies. Mice receiving LiFUS with combinatorial Doxil and paclitaxel showed a significant increase in median survival (60 days) compared to other groups. LiFUS plus combinatorial chemotherapy of paclitaxel and Doxil also showed the slowest progression of tumor burden compared to chemotherapy alone or individual chemotherapy and LiFUS combinations. This study shows that combining LiFUS with timed combinatorial chemotherapeutic treatment is a potential strategy for improving drug delivery to brain metastases.
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- 2023
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15. Pre-service teachers' perceptions of social media data privacy policies.
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Victoria I. Marín, Jeffrey P. Carpenter 0001, and Gemma Tur
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- 2021
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16. A tale of two subreddits: Change and continuity in teaching-related online spaces.
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K. Bret Staudt Willet and Jeffrey P. Carpenter 0001
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- 2021
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17. Storm‐induced turbulence alters shelf sea vertical fluxes
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Larissa K. P. Schultze, Lucas M. Merckelbach, and Jeffrey R. Carpenter
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Oceanography ,GC1-1581 - Abstract
Abstract Storms are infrequent, intense, physical forcing events that represent a potentially significant driver of ocean ecosystems. The objective of this study was to assess changes in water column structure and turbulent fluxes caused by storms using an autonomous underwater glider, as well as the chlorophyll a (Chl a) response to the altered physical environment. The glider was able to measure throughout the complete life cycle of Storm Bertha as it passed over the North Sea in August 2014, from its arrival to dissipation. Storm Bertha triggered rapid mixing of the thermocline through shear instability, increasing vertical fluxes by nearly an order of magnitude, and promoting increases in surface layer Chl a. The results demonstrate that storms represent a significant fraction of seasonal vertical turbulent fluxes, with potentially important consequences for biological production in shelf seas.
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- 2020
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18. Sharing and self-promoting: An analysis of educator tweeting at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Torrey Trust, Royce Kimmons, and Daniel G. Krutka
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Social media ,Informal learning ,Teacher professional development ,Adult learning ,Electronic computers. Computer science ,QA75.5-76.95 ,Theory and practice of education ,LB5-3640 - Abstract
Researchers have documented an array of ways Twitter hashtags offer digital spaces where educators can connect around interests and needs. During the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic, educators tweeted using various pandemic-related Twitter hashtags. In this study, we analyze data from two such hashtags: #remoteteaching and #remotelearning. We first data mined more than 36,000 tweets and then analyzed a random sample of 1,148 tweets and the accounts which sent those tweets. Our results suggest that the hashtags functioned as spaces in which a variety of education stakeholders engaged in activities that included knowledge sharing, social sharing, and information broadcasting. Alongside and sometimes entangled with such sharing, there was also a great deal of self-promotion. We discuss how these spaces appeared to offer potential benefits to educators navigating the transition to remote teaching but also consider how the presence of self-promotion may suggest downsides to such social mediums. We conclude with implications of these findings for education stakeholders and future research.
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- 2021
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19. Instagram as a platform for teacher collaboration and digital social support.
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Eric Richter, Jeffrey P. Carpenter 0001, André Meyer, and Dirk Richter
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- 2022
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20. Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Utilizing Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Porcine Model
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Brian, Zilberman, Keshav, Kooragayala, Johanna, Lou, Gaby, Ghobrial, Nicholas, De Leo, Robert, Emery, Olga, Ostrovsky, Ping, Zhang, Rebecca, Platoff, Clara, Zhu, Krystal, Hunter, Drew, Delong, Young, Hong, Spencer A, Brown, and Jeffrey P, Carpenter
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ,Disease Models, Animal ,Swine ,Animals ,Humans ,Mesenchymal Stem Cells ,Surgery ,Aorta, Abdominal ,Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal - Abstract
The current treatment paradigm of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) focuses on observing patients until their disease reaches certain thresholds for intervention, with no preceding treatment available. There is an opportunity to develop novel therapies to prevent further aneurysmal growth and decrease the risk of a highly morbid rupture. We used a porcine model of aortic dilation to assess the ability of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to attenuate aortic dilation.Twelve Yorkshire pigs received periadventitial injections (collagenase and elastase) into a 4-cm segment of infrarenal aorta. Animals were treated with either 1 × 10All animals survived until POD 21. The mean aortic diameter was reduced in the aortic dilation + MSC treatment group compared to aortic dilation control animals (1.10 ± 0.126 versus 1.48 cm ± 0.151, P 0.001). Aortic media thickness was reduced in the aortic dilation group compared to the aortic dilation + MSC group (609.14 IQR 445.21-692.93 μm versus 643.55 IQR 560.91-733.88 μm, P = 0.0048). There was a significant decrease in the content of collagen and alpha-smooth muscle actin and elastin perturbation in the aortic dilation group as compared to the aortic dilation + MSC group. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated an increased level of vascular endothelial growth factor, tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1, and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 3 expression in the aorta of aortic dilation + MSC animals.Stem cell therapy suppressed the aortic dilation in a porcine model. Animals from the aortic dilation group showed more diseased gross features, histologic changes, and biochemical properties of the aorta compared to that of the aortic dilation + MSC treated animals. This novel finding should prompt further investigation into translatable drug and cell therapies for aneurysmal disease.
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- 2022
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21. Educators’ perspectives on and motivations for using TeachersPayTeachers.com
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter and Catharyn C. Shelton
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Computer Science Applications ,Education - Published
- 2022
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22. Instagramming for Justice: The Potentials and Pitfalls of Culturally Relevant Professional Learning on Instagram
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Catharyn C. Shelton, Rachelle Curcio, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, and Stephanie E. Schroeder
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Computer Science Applications ,Education - Abstract
Social media offers potential for educator professional learning, but platforms' for-profit nature complicates this practice, especially for professional learning around justice-oriented pedagogies. This exploratory study investigated 551 publicly available Instagram posts shared by 11 purposefully sampled, justice-oriented education influencers over an 8-week period as the COVID-19 pandemic and renewed activism for racial justice unfolded in the United States. Qualitative analysis of post content indicated these influencers offered pandemic-related support, while also illustrating, enacting, and engaging culturally relevant and sustaining pedagogies. However, promotional content was abundantly layered within posts and a cohesive message of how to enact culturally sustaining pedagogies was largely absent. Reflecting some of the paradoxes of learning via social media, our findings suggest there is some opportunity for justice-oriented professional learning from social media, however education influencers' content is limited by platforms' opaque algorithms and for-profit business models, which govern what influencers post and what followers see.
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- 2022
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23. Transformative instruction or old wine in new skins? Exploring how and why educators use HyperDocs.
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter 0001, Torrey Trust, and Tim D. Green
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- 2020
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24. Quantitative comparisons on hand motor functional areas determined by resting state and task BOLD fMRI and anatomical MRI for pre-surgical planning of patients with brain tumors
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Bob L. Hou, Sanjay Bhatia, and Jeffrey S. Carpenter
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Localizing hand motor area ,Task- and resting state-functional MR images ,Anatomical T1wighted images ,Brain tumor ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 - Abstract
For pre-surgical planning we present quantitative comparison of the location of the hand motor functional area determined by right hand finger tapping BOLD fMRI, resting state BOLD fMRI, and anatomically using high resolution T1 weighted images. Data were obtained on 10 healthy subjects and 25 patients with left sided brain tumors. Our results show that there are important differences in the locations (i.e., >20 mm) of the determined hand motor voxels by these three MR imaging methods. This can have significant effect on the pre-surgical planning of these patients depending on the modality used. In 13 of the 25 cases (i.e., 52%) the distances between the task-determined and the rs-fMRI determined hand areas were more than 20 mm; in 13 of 25 cases (i.e., 52%) the distances between the task-determined and anatomically determined hand areas were >20 mm; and in 16 of 25 cases (i.e., 64%) the distances between the rs-fMRI determined and anatomically determined hand areas were more than 20 mm. In just three cases, the distances determined by all three modalities were within 20 mm of each other. The differences in the location or fingerprint of the hand motor areas, as determined by these three MR methods result from the different underlying mechanisms of these three modalities and possibly the effects of tumors on these modalities.
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- 2016
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25. Toward Critical and Ecological Dispositions in Technology Decision Making in Teacher Education
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Torrey Trust, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Marie Heath, and Daniel G. Krutka
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The COVID-19 pandemic, and subsequent shift to emergency remote teaching, amplified teachers’ and schools’ heavy reliance on digital tools, apps, and platforms. While digital technologies can aid and empower teaching and learning, they can also generate new challenges, harms, and negative outcomes. Teacher educators and teachers can develop critical and ecological dispositions and practices to help make informed decisions regarding the use (or non-use) of digital technologies. These dispositions and practices are critical for protecting and supporting students, especially those who have traditionally been harmed by the way tools, apps, and platforms are designed, marketed, and used. In this paper, we offer a roadmap for how the field of teacher education can spur and scaffold such critical examination.
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- 2023
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26. Tournaments and Competition
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter and Peter Hans Matthews
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- 2023
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27. AUCTIONS FOR CHARITY: THE CURSE OF THE FAMILIAR
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Peter Hans Matthews, Damian S. Damianov, and Jeffrey P. Carpenter
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Microeconomics ,Economics and Econometrics ,Curse ,Economics ,Common value auction - Published
- 2021
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28. Human Adipose Derived Stem Cells Enhance Healing in a Rat Model of Esophageal Injury with Stent
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Dana McCloskey, Andrew Lin, Spencer A. Brown, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Francis Spitz, Atlee Melillo, Huan Wang, Julieta E. Barroeta, David D. Shersher, Jennifer Schweinsburg, Ping Zhang, and Kimberly M. Linden
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Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Adipose tissue ,Adhesion (medicine) ,Esophagus ,Esophageal stent ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Wound Healing ,business.industry ,Stem Cells ,Mesenchymal stem cell ,Stent ,Granulation tissue ,medicine.disease ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Adipose Tissue ,Stents ,Surgery ,Collagen ,Stem cell ,Wound healing ,business ,Stem Cell Transplantation - Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells have been proven to promote cellular recruitment and remodeling during healing. Considering challenges encountered in the healing process of esophageal injury, we sought to evaluate the effect of human adipose derived stem cells (hASC) on esophageal injury with stent and to assess the feasibility of submucosal hASC injection as a mechanism of delivery. Methods An intrabdominal esophagotomy was created in rodents with placement of an expandable fully covered metal esophageal stent. A submucosal injection of 2 × 106 hASC was delivered in experimental animals. Animals were sacrificed on postoperative day 3 (POD3) or 7 (POD7). Macroscopic, immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted to assess for markers of healing and viability of transplanted cells. Results hASC were identified within submucosal and muscular layers with proliferation demonstrated in respective areas on anti-Ki67 stained sections. Lower adhesion and abscess scores were observed in hASC specimens without significant statistical difference. Prevalence of submucosal collagen was increased in samples treated with hASC compared to control, with abundant collagen deposition demonstrated within the POD7 group. Granulation tissue at the site of esophageal injury was more prominent in tissue sections treated with hASC compared to control, with significantly higher density at POD3 (control 1.94 versus hASC 2.83, P Conclusions Presence of hASC at the site of an esophageal injury may enhance wound healing predominantly through increased granulation and decreased inflammation in conjunction with esophageal stent placement. Targeted submucosal injection at the time of esophageal stent placement is an effective delivery method of hASC therapy.
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- 2021
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29. 'Bucket auctions' for charity.
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter 0002, Jessica Holmes, and Peter Hans Matthews
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- 2014
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30. Twitter's capacity to support collaborative learning.
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter 0001
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- 2014
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31. Lifting the veil on TeachersPayTeachers.com: an investigation of educational marketplace offerings and downloads
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Spencer P. Greenhalgh, Catharyn Shelton, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, and Matthew J. Koehler
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Publishing ,business.industry ,Aggregate (data warehouse) ,Media Technology ,Advertising ,Business ,Curriculum ,Education - Abstract
TeachersPayTeachers.com (TpT) has emerged as an alternative to traditional curricular publishing houses; however, the critical investigation into this for-profit platform is limited. The aggregate ...
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- 2021
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32. Validating the Clinical Value of Temporal Artery Biopsy
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Mikael A. Fadoul, Katherine K. McMackin, Raj Patel, Saba Daneshpooy, Bruce L. Tjaden, Philip M. Batista, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, and Joseph V. Lombardi
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Surgery ,General Medicine ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a potentially devastating disease that may require treatment with high dose steroids. Traditionally, diagnosis requires patients to meet at least three of five clinical criteria, one of which is a positive temporal artery biopsy (TAB). Vascular surgeons are often asked to perform TAB though it is not necessarily required for diagnosis or management. This study aimed to determine if TAB results altered management of patients with a concern for GCA by changing steroid use post operatively in our healthcare system.A retrospective review at a single center tertiary care hospital was performed between 2007 and 2018. Inclusion criteria were patients greater than 18 years old with complete steroid treatment records who underwent a temporal artery biopsy due to concern for GCA. Steroid use and duration of treatment both pre- and post-operative were collected and analyzed.Eighty-three of 117 cases reviewed met inclusion criteria. Ninety-one percent (76) of patients had a negative biopsy. Twenty-nine percent (23) of negative biopsies met criteria for GCA prior to biopsy. Of those with a negative biopsy, steroids were continued in 68% (52) of patients after 30 days, 49% (37) after 90 days and 45% (34) after 180 days. Steroids were never started in 11% (6). One patient with a positive biopsy was discontinued on steroids due to intolerance. There was no statistically significant difference in duration of steroids between those with a positive and negative biopsy (average 610 and 787 days respectively; p=.682). Average follow up was 33 months.The duration of steroid use for patients with concern for GCA was not found to be altered by the performance of a TAB at our institution. Given the extremely low yield and absence of impact on steroid duration, TAB is not a useful diagnostic test at our institution. Similar reviews are recommended to determine the utility of TAB at other institutions that may differ in patient population or prescribing practices.
- Published
- 2022
33. Utilization Large Animal Research as an Adjunct for Surgical Education Increases Perceived Resident Confidence
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Connor Crudeli, Keshav Kooragayala, Johanna Lou, Brian Zilberman, Jennifer Williams, Alex DeLong, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, and David D. Shersher
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General Medicine - Abstract
Surgical education has evolved over time to incorporate supplemental modalities of training beyond the operating room. Even with the utility of simulation software and didactic education, there is still a need to provide surgical residents with experience in live tissue dissection and tissue handling while maintaining patient safety. In our program, after two clinical years, residents participate in a year of translational research which uses porcine models for complex open abdominal procedures. During the porcine surgeries, our residents are guided by the supervising attending to perform key portions of the procedure typically reserved for those more senior trainees. We found in a survey that research residents after two clinical years found this experience with large animal surgeries helped them better navigate anatomic structures and would recommend this to future trainees. We believe this dual-purpose research-training model provides a valuable resource that can be adapted to other programs.
- Published
- 2022
34. Operative Case Volume for Vascular Integrated Residents and Fellows Following the Elective Surgery Shutdown due to COVID-19
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Besher Tolaymat, Lena Chatterjee, Joseph V. Lombardi, Bruce L. Tjaden, Philip M. Batista, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, and Katherine K. McMackin
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General Medicine - Abstract
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, nonemergent surgery was postponed in efforts to limit disease spread. To determine whether these changes affected vascular integrated resident (VR) and fellow (VF) operative volume, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case log data was reviewed. Case volume and standard deviation for each major category was for graduates of 2020 and 2021 were compared to the year prior to the pandemic, 2019. There were only 3 significant changes when comparing 2020/2021 to the prepandemic baseline of 2019, with increase in abdominal obstructive cases for VRs (8.1 in 2021 vs 5.9 in 2019, P = .021), an increase in upper extremity cases for VFs (18.9 in 2021 from 15.8 in 2019, P = .029), and a decrease in venous cases for VFs (39.6 in 2021 from 48.4 in 2019, P = .011). Postponing nonemergent surgery did not translate to significant changes in operative cases for graduating VRs and VFs.
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- 2023
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35. Using Social Media in pre-service teacher education: The case of a program-wide twitter hashtag
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Scott A. Morrison, Joshua M. Rosenberg, and Katrice A. Hawthorne
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Education - Published
- 2023
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36. Cognitive ability and strategic sophistication.
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter 0002, Michael Graham, and Jesse Wolf
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- 2013
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37. Choice Architecture to Improve Financial Decision Making
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Julian C. Jamison, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Andrea Robbett, Dustin Beckett, Peter Hans Matthews, Emiliano Huet-Vaughn, Middlebury College, Pomona College, Department of Economics, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, University of Exeter, Aalto-yliopisto, and Aalto University
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Economics and Econometrics ,choice architecture ,Exploit ,Computer science ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Psychological intervention ,prepaid card ,convex time budget ,Presentation ,attribute overload ,0502 economics and business ,050207 economics ,Marketing ,media_common ,consumer finance ,time preference ,experiment ,05 social sciences ,Structural estimation ,risk preference ,Consumer finance ,Choice architecture ,welfare ,050211 marketing ,Time preference ,Welfare ,structural estimation ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
We exploit the principles of choice architecture to evaluate interventions in the market for reloadable prepaid cards. Participants are randomized into three card menu presentation treatments—the market status quo, a regulation-inspired reform, or an enhanced reform designed to minimize attribute overload—and offered choices based on prior structural estimation of individual preferences. Consumers routinely choose incorrectly under the status quo, with tentative evidence that the regulation-inspired presentation may increase best card choice and clear evidence that the enhanced reform reduces worst card choice. Welfare analysis suggests the regulation-inspired presentation offers modest gains, while the enhanced policy generates substantial benefits.
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- 2021
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38. Continuity and change in educators’ professional learning networks
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Torrey Trust, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, and Daniel G. Krutka
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Higher education ,business.industry ,Professional learning community ,Pedagogy ,Exploratory research ,Frame (artificial intelligence) ,Social media ,business ,Ecological systems theory ,Psychology ,Education - Abstract
While prior research suggests that many educators turn to social media to grow and enhance professional learning networks (PLNs) that extend beyond their schools, little is known about how PLNs shift over time. In this exploratory study, we investigated the nature of continuity and change in the PLNs of 192 K-12 and university educators from 17 countries. Participants responded to our request to comment on PLN descriptions they provided in a previous 2014 survey, and then identify continuity and change during the intervening years. Respondents overwhelmingly expressed that their PLNs had changed over the four years between the two surveys. The causes of PLN changes appeared to be diverse, dynamic, and interrelated. Various proximal and distal factors contributed to changes in professional activities. We frame the study through social ecological systems theory, discuss the significance of these findings, and consider implications for K-12 and higher education professional learning. Educators and those who lead and support their professional learning should reflect upon and attend to PLN change to ensure more educative results for teachers and students.
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- 2021
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39. Potential Impacts of Offshore Wind Farms on North Sea Stratification.
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Jeffrey R Carpenter, Lucas Merckelbach, Ulrich Callies, Suzanna Clark, Lidia Gaslikova, and Burkard Baschek
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Advances in offshore wind farm (OWF) technology have recently led to their construction in coastal waters that are deep enough to be seasonally stratified. As tidal currents move past the OWF foundation structures they generate a turbulent wake that will contribute to a mixing of the stratified water column. In this study we show that the mixing generated in this way may have a significant impact on the large-scale stratification of the German Bight region of the North Sea. This region is chosen as the focus of this study since the planning of OWFs is particularly widespread. Using a combination of idealised modelling and in situ measurements, we provide order-of-magnitude estimates of two important time scales that are key to understanding the impacts of OWFs: (i) a mixing time scale, describing how long a complete mixing of the stratification takes, and (ii) an advective time scale, quantifying for how long a water parcel is expected to undergo enhanced wind farm mixing. The results are especially sensitive to both the drag coefficient and type of foundation structure, as well as the evolution of the pycnocline under enhanced mixing conditions-both of which are not well known. With these limitations in mind, the results show that OWFs could impact the large-scale stratification, but only when they occupy extensive shelf regions. They are expected to have very little impact on large-scale stratification at the current capacity in the North Sea, but the impact could be significant in future large-scale development scenarios.
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- 2016
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40. Poly-Specialty Application Practices of Medical Students Applying to Integrated Vascular Surgery Residency
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Katherine K. McMackin, Philip M. Batista, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Nicholas G. Hoell, Jose Trani, Joseph V. Lombardi, and Mikael A. Fadoul
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Students, Medical ,Specialty ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Obstetrics and gynaecology ,medicine ,Humans ,Retrospective Studies ,Surgeons ,Motivation ,Career Choice ,business.industry ,General surgery ,Internship and Residency ,General Medicine ,Vascular surgery ,Plastic surgery ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Education, Medical, Graduate ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,Job Application ,Orthopedic surgery ,Surgery ,Neurosurgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Vascular Surgical Procedures ,Specialization - Abstract
Background It is not uncommon for medical students seeking surgical residencies to apply to and rank two or more surgical specialties. Level of interest in a specialty is consistently cited as one of the most important factors for program directors when evaluating applicants for 0 + 5 integrated vascular surgery (IVS) programs. The purpose of this study was to examine trends in poly-specialty application submission to IVS and poly-specialty ranking of IVS to determine the percentage of applicants to IVS residencies with vascular surgery as their true preference. Methods Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) statistics for noninternational medical graduates from 2011 to 2017 were mined for trends in poly-specialty applications between IVS and other surgical disciplines. The poly-specialty application percentage, range, and standard deviation were determined. The National Resident Match Program (NRMP) results and data from 2011 to 2018 were also used to identify those U.S. seniors who ranked IVS programs as their preferred choice, defined as ranking vascular as the only choice or the first-choice specialty. This was compared with those who ranked a specialty other than vascular surgery first but had vascular surgery listed on their rank list. These data were also collected for applicants to orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics and gynecology, integrated cardiothoracic surgery, and integrated plastic surgery. Results Between 2011 and 2017, applicants who submitted ERAS applications to IVS most often poly-specialty applied to IVS and general surgery (87%) followed by IVS and the following: preliminary surgery (71%), plastic surgery (22%), orthopedic surgery (19%), neurosurgery (17%), otolaryngology (16%), obstetrics and gynecology (12%), and urology (3%). The percentage of the applicant pool submitting rank lists with multiple specialties fell over the study period from 94% in 2011 to 67% in 2018. Between 2011 and 2018, an average of 14% of IVS applicants (n = 463), who submitted rank lists to the NRMP, ranked a specialty other than vascular as their true preference (range 7–23 SD 5). Only integrated cardiothoracic surgery had a higher percentage of applicants listing a different specialty as their true preference at 25% (range 18–36 SD 7). Nearly all (97–99%) applicants to orthopedic surgery, neurosurgery, otolaryngology, obstetrics and gynecology, and plastic surgery applied to that specialty as their true preference. Conclusions IVS residency applicants were most likely to apply for poly-specialty via the ERAS to general surgery and IVS. Compared to the other surgical specialties, those who submitted rank lists to the NRMP listing integrated cardiothoracic and IVS had the highest likelihood of ranking another specialty higher. Care must be taken when evaluating applications to IVS residencies to determine the applicant's level of interest in vascular surgery as a career.
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- 2020
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41. Chapter 2: Perceived Benefits and Challenges of Physical Educators’ Use of Social Media for Professional Development and Learning
- Author
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter and Stephen C. Harvey
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Medical education ,05 social sciences ,Professional development ,050301 education ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,030229 sport sciences ,Skill development ,Education ,Physical education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Teaching skills ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Social media ,Faculty development ,Psychology ,0503 education - Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated the benefits and challenges described by physical educators who had actively used social media professionally for an average of more than 6 years. Method: The data were collected through semistructured individual and focus group interviews, with an international sample of physical educators (N = 48). The data were analyzed through an open coding process to develop themes. Results: Diverse benefits and challenges associated with social media use were identified and organized in alignment with a social ecological model. The benefits included enhanced knowledge, skills, teaching, student learning, and access to professional community. The challenges included managing the quantity of available content, the risks of context collapse, and navigating the cultures and discourse of online spaces. Discussion: A deeper understanding of the benefits and challenges of physical educators’ social media use can enable stakeholders to act in more strategic ways as they navigate the promise and the peril of social media.
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- 2020
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42. Chapter 3: Genesis and Change in Physical Educators’ Use of Social Media for Professional Development and Learning
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter and Stephen C. Harvey
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05 social sciences ,Professional development ,Educational technology ,050301 education ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,030229 sport sciences ,Education ,Physical education ,03 medical and health sciences ,Interpersonal relationship ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pedagogy ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Social media ,Faculty development ,Psychology ,0503 education - Abstract
Purpose: This descriptive study investigates the genesis and change in physical educators’ social media use for professional development and learning. Method: Data were collected through semistructured interviews with 48 physical educators who had actively used various social media professionally for an extended period of time. The data were analyzed inductively and aligned to the basic psychological needs defined by self-determination theory: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Results: Building relationships with a trusted network of people and opportunities to express their autonomy were important drivers in the participants’ genesis and continued use of social media. Developing competence at both the start and throughout their social media journey was also critical. Discussion/Conclusions: The findings provide a starting point for in-depth research on the motivational characteristics underpinning physical educators’ reasons for starting and continuing to use social media for professional development and learning, and how these might change over time based on different psychological needs.
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- 2020
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43. Chapter 8: Research Ruminations and New Frontiers for Social Media Use for Professional Development and Learning in Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy
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Stephen C. Harvey and Jeffrey P. Carpenter
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Sport Pedagogy ,Teaching method ,05 social sciences ,Professional development ,050301 education ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,030229 sport sciences ,Education ,Physical education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Pedagogy ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Social media ,Faculty development ,Psychology ,0503 education - Abstract
This chapter compares and contrasts the findings of the preceding empirical monograph chapters. The findings from these chapters are addressed in terms of how they illustrate the positives, negatives, and tensions that can be associated with social media use for professional development and learning. Across the various chapters, similarities in findings as well as apparent contradictions are discussed. By illuminating the potential and the perils of social media use and misuse, a pragmatic summary of the findings can inform wise use and nonuse of social media for professional development and learning by those involved in the field of physical education and sport pedagogy. Although prior literature and this monograph have begun to address some aspects of social media use in physical education and sport pedagogy, much remains to be explored. Topics, social media tools, methods, and theory that could be taken up or expanded upon in future research to advance the field are suggested.
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- 2020
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44. Chapter 1: Introduction to Social Media for Professional Development and Learning in Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Brendon Hyndman, and Stephen C. Harvey
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Sport Pedagogy ,Online learning ,05 social sciences ,Professional development ,050301 education ,Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation ,030229 sport sciences ,Education ,Physical education ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Professional learning community ,Pedagogy ,Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Social media ,Psychology ,0503 education - Abstract
Social media sites (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, Voxer, Instagram, etc.) have become platforms for self-directed professional development and learning (PDL) for many educators, including physical educators and sports coaches. The aim of this chapter is to provide an introduction to this current monograph on physical educators’ and sports coaches’ social media use for PDL by presenting key issues and relevant literature, and previewing the chapters to follow. The chapter begins with a background discussion of social media, followed by brief literature reviews of PDL research in education and physical education and sport pedagogy, and research on social media use for PDL. Next, an overview of key theories and concepts used within the monograph is provided. The chapter concludes with individual summaries of the six empirical chapters of the monograph.
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- 2020
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45. Surgery Response During the COVID-19 Pandemic Single Institution Experience in New Jersey
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Jeremy Badach, Michael E Kwiatt, Francis Spitz, John Williamson, Young K Hong, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Kevin W. Cahill, and Umur Atabek
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2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,medicine.medical_specialty ,New Jersey ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,Pneumonia, Viral ,MEDLINE ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Pneumonia ,Surgical Procedures, Operative ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Medicine ,Single institution ,Coronavirus Infections ,business ,Intensive care medicine ,Pandemics ,Surgery Department, Hospital - Published
- 2020
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46. Locally Transplanted Adipose Stem Cells Reduce Anastomotic Leaks in Ischemic Colorectal Anastomoses: A Rat Model
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Michael E Kwiatt, Francis R. Spitz, Kimberly M. Linden, Andrew Zheng, Andrew B. Morgan, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Spencer A. Brown, and Ping Zhang
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Gynecology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Absorbable gelatin sponge ,business.industry ,Rat model ,Gastroenterology ,Adipose tissue ,General Medicine ,Colorectal anastomosis ,Anastomosis ,Subcutaneous fat ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Anastomotic leaks ,Medicine ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Stem cell ,business - Abstract
Background Anastomotic leakage remains a dreaded complication after colorectal surgery. Stem-cell-based therapies have been shown to increase angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Objective The purpose of this research was to investigate the use of adipose-derived stem cells on the healing of ischemic colonic anastomoses in a rat model. Design This is an animal research study using xenotransplantation. Settings Male Wistar rats (300-400 g, n = 48) were purchased from a licensed breeder. Patients Adipose stem cells were isolated from the subcutaneous fat of healthy human donors. Interventions The rats underwent laparotomy with creation of an ischemic colorectal anastomosis created by ligation of mesenteric vessels. The animals were divided into 3 groups: control group with an ischemic anastomosis, vehicle-only group in which the ischemic anastomosis was treated with an absorbable gelatin sponge, and a treatment group in which the ischemic anastomosis was treated with an absorbable gelatin sponge plus adipose stem cells. Animals were killed at postoperative days 3 and 7. Main outcome measures Anastomotic leakage was defined as the finding of feculent peritonitis or perianastomotic abscess on necropsy. Rat mRNA expression was measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results Adipose-derived stem cells significantly decreased anastomotic leakage when compared with control at both postoperative days 3 (25.0% vs 87.5%; p = 0.02) and 7 (25.0% vs 87.5%; p = 0.02). The use of an absorbable gelatin sponge alone had no effect on anastomotic leakage when compared with control and postoperative days 3 or 7. We found that stem cell-treated animals had a 5.9-fold and 7.4-fold increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor when compared with control at 3 and 7 days; however, this difference was not statistically significant when compared with the absorbable gelatin sponge group. Limitations This is a preclinical animal research study using xenotransplantation of cultured stem cells. Conclusions Locally transplanted adipose stem cells enhance the healing of ischemic colorectal anastomoses and may be a novel strategy for reducing the risk of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B203. EL TRANSPLANTE LOCAL DE CELULAS MADRE ADIPOSAS REDUCE LA FUGA ANASTOMOTICA EN LAS SUTURAS COLORRECTALES ISQUEMICAS: MODELO EN RATAS: Las fugas anastomoticas son una complicacion pusilanime despues de toda cirugia colorrectal. Se ha demostrado que el tratamiento con celulas madre aumenta la angiogenesis y la proliferacion celular.Investigar el uso de celulas madre derivadas de tejido adiposo en la cicatrizacion de una anastomosis colonica isquemica basada en ratas como modelo.Estudio de investigacion en animales utilizando xenotrasplantes.Adquisicion de tipicas ratas de laboratorio raza Wistar, todas machos (300-400 g, n = 48) de un criadero autorizado.Aislamiento de celulas madre de tipo adiposo del tejido celular subcutaneo en donantes humanos sanos.Las ratas se sometieron a laparotomia con la creacion de una anastomosis colorrectal isquemica obtenida mediante ligadura controlada de los vasos mesentericos correspondientes. Los animales se dividieron en tres grupos: grupo de control con anastomosis isquemica, grupo de vehiculo unico en el que la anastomosis isquemica se trato con una esponja de gelatina absorbible, y un grupo de tratamiento en el que la anastomosis isquemica se trato con una esponja de gelatina absorbible asociada a un vastago adiposo de celulas madre. Los animales fueron sacrificados el POD3 y el POD7.La fuga anastomotica fue definida como el hallazgo de peritonitis fecaloidea o absceso perianastomotico a la necropsia. La expresion de RNAm de las ratas se midio usando PCR en tiempo real.Las celulas madre derivadas de tejido adiposo disminuyeron significativamente la fuga anastomotica en comparacion con el grupo control tanto en el POD3 (25% frente a 87.5%, p = 0.02) como en el POD7 (25% frente a 87.5%, p = 0.02). El uso de una esponja de gelatina absorbible sola, no tuvo efecto sobre la fuga anastomotica en comparacion con los controles el POD3 o el POD7. Descubrimos que los animales tratados con celulas madre adiposas tenian un aumento de 5,9 y 7,4 veces en la expresion de VEGF en comparacion con el control a los 3 y 7 dias, respectivamente; sin embargo, esta diferencia no fue estadisticamente significativa en comparacion con el grupo de esponja de gelatina absorbible.Este es un estudio preclinico de investigacion en animales que utiliza xenotrasplantes de celulas madre adiposas cultivadas.Las celulas madre de tipo adiposo trasplantadas localmente mejoran la cicatrisacion en casos de anastomosis colorrectales isquemicas, y podrian convertirse en una nueva estrategia para reducir el riesgo de fugas anastomoticas en casos de cirugia colorrectal. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B203. (Traduccion-Dr Xavier Delgadillo).
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- 2020
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47. Elective Surgery Recovery Plan in Post-COVID-19 Era
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Young K Hong, and Francis R. Spitz
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,2019-20 coronavirus outbreak ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,business.industry ,General surgery ,Pneumonia, Viral ,MEDLINE ,COVID-19 ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Health Services Accessibility ,Hospitals ,United States ,Pneumonia ,Elective Surgical Procedures ,Pandemic ,Humans ,Medicine ,Elective surgery ,Coronavirus Infections ,business ,Elective Surgical Procedure ,Pandemics - Published
- 2020
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48. Trends in the 10-year history of the vascular integrated residency match: More work, higher cost, same result
- Author
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Nicholas G. Hoell, Joseph V. Lombardi, Francis J. Caputo, Katherine K. McMackin, Jeffrey P. Carpenter, and Jose Trani
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Resident selection ,Matching (statistics) ,Time Factors ,media_common.quotation_subject ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Efficiency, Organizational ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Quality (business) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Personnel Selection ,Retrospective Studies ,media_common ,Surgeons ,Medical education ,business.industry ,Rank (computer programming) ,Internship and Residency ,United States Medical Licensing Examination ,Work (electrical) ,Education, Medical, Graduate ,Surgery ,Curriculum ,Outcome data ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,business ,Vascular Surgical Procedures ,Program Evaluation - Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to examine trends in application submission, rank lists, and applicant quality for vascular surgery integrated residency. Methods The National Resident Matching Program Results and Data reports and the Electronic Residency Application Service Statistics from 2007 to 2017 were compiled and mined for trends in terms of application submission and the number of applicants a program needed to rank to fill all residency positions. Applicant pool depth and percentage of programs applied to were calculated. Outcome data from the National Resident Matching Program were reviewed for 2014 and 2016 for United States Medical Licensing Examination Step scores and experiences. Results During the last 10 years, the number of vascular surgery integrated residency spots rose from 9 to 60 per year. Most programs offer one spot per year; none offer more than two. The average number of applications received by programs rose from 17 applications in 2008 to 63.8 in 2017. The average rank list depth needed by programs to fill the spots has not increased (range, 2.5-5.1; standard deviation, 0.73). The proportional depth of the applicant pool decreased from 4.6 U.S. and Canadian applicants for every one residency spot in 2008 to 1.7 applicants for every one residency spot in 2017. Applicant quality metrics were available for 2 years (2014 and 2016). Step 1 scores (237/239), Step 2 scores (250/250), research experiences (3.7/4.2), and volunteer experiences (5.9/5.5) remained nearly unchanged. The number of contiguous ranks for matched applicants remained stable (12.3/12.8). Conclusions The current system promotes multiple inefficiencies, resulting in application glut. Fewer applicants are flooding programs with an increasing number of applications. More money is being spent on Electronic Residency Application Service applications without changes in the number needed to rank by applicants or programs to achieve a match. There is no improvement in the quality of the applicant. Should these trends continue, they represent an unsustainable model for resident selection.
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- 2020
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49. Preferences and Civil War in Northern Uganda: Post-Traumatic Growth Reconsidered
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Peter Hans Matthews, and Matthew Lowes
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021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Economics and Econometrics ,Spanish Civil War ,0502 economics and business ,05 social sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Economic history ,Economics ,02 engineering and technology ,050207 economics ,Development - Abstract
We exploit the largely exogenous character of abduction and displacement in northern Uganda during the recent civil war to estimate the effects of each on experimental measures of risk tolerance, altruism, trust and trustworthiness, as well as a survey measure of patience. Our analysis reveals the limitations of the ‘post-traumatic growth’ hypothesis. In most cases preferences are unaffected by these traumas and in the one domain in which we identify a significant effect, it is contrary to the hypothesis—people who were both abducted and displaced are 21 percentage points less likely to take a risk.
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- 2020
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50. Exploring the landscape of educator professional activity on Twitter: an analysis of 16 education-related Twitter hashtags
- Author
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Jeffrey P. Carpenter, Tania Tani, Julie Keane, and Scott Morrison
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ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Professional development ,050401 social sciences methods ,050301 education ,Public relations ,Professional activity ,Education ,0504 sociology ,Professional learning community ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Social media ,Sociology ,business ,0503 education - Abstract
In the last decade, social media have become important tools for educator professional development, learning and community. While education has traditionally proven to be an isolating profession, t...
- Published
- 2020
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