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Flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are one of the most species-rich dipteran families and provide important ecosystem services such as pollination, biological control of pests, recycling of organic matter and redistributions of essential nutrients. Flower fly adults generally feed on pollen and nectar, but their larval feeding habits are strikingly diverse. In the present study, high-throughput sequencing was used to capture and enrich phylogenetically and evolutionary informative exonic regions. With the help of the baitfisher software, we developed a new bait kit (SYRPHIDAE1.0) to target 1945 CDS regions belonging to 1312 orthologous genes. This new bait kit was successfully used to exon capture the targeted loci in 121 flower fly species across the different subfamilies of Syrphidae. We analysed different amino acid and nucleotide data sets (1302 loci and 154 loci) with maximum likelihood and multispecies coalescent models. Our analyses yielded highly supported similar topologies, although the degree of the SRH (global stationarity, reversibility and homogeneity) conditions varied greatly between amino acid and nucleotide data sets. The sisterhood of subfamilies Pipizinae and Syrphinae is supported in all our analyses, confirming a common origin of taxa feeding on soft-bodied arthropods. Based on our results, we define Syrphini stat.rev. to include the genera Toxomerus and Paragus. Our divergence estimate analyses with beast inferred the origin of the Syrphidae in the Lower Cretaceous (125.5-98.5 Ma) and the diversification of predatory flower flies around the K-Pg boundary (70.61-54.4 Ma), coinciding with the rise and diversification of their prey.

Eumerus Meigen, 1822 is one of the largest Syrphidae genera in the Palaearctic Region, with the highest levels of taxonomic diversity found in the Eumerus tricolor species group. Despite its high diversity, the interspecific levels of morphological variability can be low. Additionally, some species may show certain levels of intraspecific variability. Hence, species delimitation may become challenging. In this work, we assessed the diversity of the E. tricolor group in the Iberian Peninsula through an integrative analysis of nomenclature, morphology and the 5′ (COI-5′) and 3′ (COI-3′) end regions of the Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene. Two new species, Eumerus ancylostylus Aguado-Aranda & Ricarte sp. n. and Eumerus petrarum Aguado-Aranda, Nedeljković & Ricarte sp. n., were described, and their intra- and interspecific variations discussed. In addition, the first barcodes of Iberian members of the E. tricolor group were obtained, and the distribution ranges of all species were mapped within the study area. The systematic position of the new species is discussed based on the resulting COI-based trees. The male genitalia of Eumerus hispanicus van der Goot, 1966 and Eumerus bayardi Séguy, 1961 were studied and illustrated. A lectotype was designated for Eumerus lateralis (Zetterstedt, 1819). An updated dichotomous key for all known European species of the E. tricolor group is provided. The egg of E. petrarum sp. n. is also described.

Alaska Wild Rhubarb (Koenigia alaskana var. glabrescens; Polygonaceae) is a native Arctic, subarctic, and alpine plant of northwestern North America. Although the plant has some economic and ecological importance, its biology is poorly known. At 11 sites in the northeast corner of its range in Northwest Territories, we found that 87% of its floral visitors were flies, mostly Syrphidae, a diverse family known to be important pollinators. Insects visiting consecutive flowers on different plants and, thus, likely effecting pollination were also flies (78.6%) and also mostly Syrphidae (72.7%) followed by Hymenoptera (20%). Although syrphids were the dominant potential pollinators at most sites, there was some variation among sites. Our results provide quantitative support for pollinator diversity and the major role of Syrphidae in pollination of Alaska Wild Rhubarb. We suggest that pollination is not a limiting factor in this plant’s spread, nor its rare and local occurrence and restricted distribution, because the majority of its pollinators are widespread.

Two new species of Protonephrocerus Collin, P. flavipilus Skevington, Marques & Rafael sp. nov. and P. misionensis Skevington sp. nov. are described. The only other currently recognized species in the genus, P. chiloensis Collin, is redescribed and genetic data ascribed to this species are transferred to P. flavipilus sp. nov. All previously published genetic data refer to P. flavipilus sp. nov. The first records of Protonephrocerus in Argentina are documented.

The genus Tomosvaryella Aczél, 1939 is revised from the Middle East. Fifty-nine species are recorded and 19 of these are new to science: T. acantha Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. ampliasa Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. anahitae Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. bistounensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. cyprusensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. ellipiensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. emaratensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. hamounensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. kiansiae Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. nimroozensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. oshidae Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. osteodes Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. saudiensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. soziana Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. spinula Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. subtransvaalensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. susa Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., T. unicorna Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. and T. yemenensis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. are described and illustrated based on sequence information from the mitochondrial COI barcoding gene and morphological parameters. DNA barcodes are provided for 37 of the 59 species. Descriptions of new species, diagnoses, distribution maps and an illustrated key for all species are provided.

International audience; The occurrence and distribution of the various species of the genus Pelecocera Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) occurring in France are revised and a new species, Pelecocera garrigae Lair & Nève, 2022 sp. nov., is described from Mediterranean France. Distribution and ecological data of the six French species of Pelecocera are provided and an identification key is given to all these species. Sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from all European Pelecocera species support the morphological species concept, except for Pelecocera scaevoides (Fallén, 1817). The binomen Pelecocera lugubris Perris, 1839 is recovered to name the Pelecocera lusitanica (Mik, 1898) of authors in France.; Les données concernant les six espèces du genre Pelecocera Meigen, 1822 (Diptera, Syrphidae) appartenant à la faune de France ont été révisées, et une nouvelle espèce, Pelecocera garrigae Lair & Nève, 2022, est décrite de la zone méditerranéenne de France. La distribution et l'écologie des six espèces française du genre Pelecocera sont discutées, et une clé de détermination illustrée est fournie. Les séquences de la cytochrome oxydase sous-unité I (COI) de toutes les espèces européenne de Pelecocera confirment le concept morphologique des espèces, sauf pour Pelecocera scaevoides (Fallén, 1817). Le nom Pelecocera lusitanica (Mik, 1898) est reconnu comme synonyme junior et donc invalide de Pelecocera lugubris Perris, 1839, au moins pour les populations françaises.

Eumenine wasps are not known to be migratory and have never been proposed as migrants, let alone documented as such. We document a large-scale migration of a common eumenine, Ancistrocerus adiabatus, during which 44 000–68 000 wasps moved through a known migration corridor in southwestern Ontario, Canada, in less than an hour. Evidence for migration of another eumenine, Pachodynerus erynnis, six species of flower flies (Diptera, Syrphidae), and two dragonflies (Odonata) is also provided. We hope that this note encourages naturalists to focus their attention on insects at known migration concentration sites to learn more about this grossly understudied aspect of animal behaviour.

Syrphids (Diptera: Syrphidae) are a diverse and widespread family of pollinating flies. Their diverse life history traits not only allow them to thrive in a wide range of habitats but also make them potential bioindicators of environmental change. Here, we report on their distributions from a previously understudied and undeveloped part of northern Ontario that is a large part of the third-largest wetland in the world. Samples were collected from across the region between 2009 and 2016, using numerous sampling methods. Of the 122 species identified from 1514 specimens, six are new provincial records to Ontario. Five species were collected over 800 km from their previously known ranges, some of which were west of the Rocky Mountains. Of all the trapping methods employed in the study, Malaise traps were found to be the most effective at catching syrphid species. This work updates known range and provincial records for more than 100 species of syrphids, bringing into clearer focus their distribution throughout this region.

Phylogenetic relationships of theSphaerophorialineage (SphaerophoriaLe Peletier & Audinet-Serville and related genera) were inferred based on molecular characters, with the specific aim to infer the phylogenetic placement of the AfrotropicalSphaerophoriaspecies andLoveridgeana beattieivan Doesburg & van Doesburg. Three molecular markers were used, i.e., the mitochondrial protein-coding gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and the nuclear 28S and 18S ribosomal RNA genes. TheSphaerophorialineage generaExallandraVockeroth andLoveridgeanawere resolved within the genusSphaerophoria, and the IndomalayanEosphaerophoriaFrey was placed sister toCitrogrammaVockeroth, both related to a large species radiation from the New World.FaziaShannon andAllograptaOsten Sacken were recovered as non-monophyletic. Our results recovered two differentFaziaclades with dissimilar natural history resulted from our analyses, andAllograptaspecies were resolved into two clades, one with Nearctic and Neotropical species and a second clade with species from Oceanian, Indomalayan and Afrotropical Regions.Exallandrais considered a subgenus ofSphaerophoria,S. (Exallandra)stat. rev.,andSphaerophoria cinctifacies(Speiser)n. comb.a member of this subgenus together withS. loewiiZetterstedt. A newSphaerophoriasubgenus is designatedS.(Loveridgeana)stat. rev.to includeS. beattiein. comb.and the South African species, i.e.,S. quadrituberculataBezzi,S. retrocurvaHull, andS. aff.retrocurva. Based on their phylogenetic distinctiveness, functional traits, and ecological relevance we do recommend further ecological study and protection efforts for this Afrotropical group of pollinators.

The Middle Eastern species of Eudorylas Aczél, 1940 are revised through an integrative taxonomic approach by combining morphological and sequence data from the mitochondrial COI barcoding gene. Four new species of the genus Eudorylas are described, males and females of three species are associated, DNA sequence data of 11 Middle Eastern Eudorylas species are provided and 15 additional species are discussed. To facilitate their recognition, we provide diagnoses, descriptions, an identification key and distributional maps for all species. The following new species are described from the Middle East: E. avis Motamedinia & Skevington sp. n., E. bihamatus Motamedinia & Skevington sp. n., E. corniculans Motamedinia & Skevington sp. n., E. nasicus Motamedinia & Skevington sp. n.

The Middle Eastern big-headed fly genus Clistoabdominalis Skevington, 2001 (Diptera: Pipunculidae) is revised including five new species: C. arabicus Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., C. nanus Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., C. persicus Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov., C. platyphalligus Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. and C. tribulosus Motamedinia & Skevington sp. nov. Eudorylas ascitus De Meyer, 1995 is transferred to Clistoabdominalis, C. ascitus comb. nov. Descriptions of new species, diagnoses, COI DNA barcodes for some species, distribution maps and an illustrated key for all species are provided. LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:A1445BCA-F16E-49F5-94AB-C092FBD6A997.

The first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Pipunculidae (Diptera) is inferred from analyses of 6963 bp of DNA sequence data from the following five loci: cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), cytochrome b (Cytb), 12S ribosomal DNA, carbamoyl phosphate synthetase region of CAD (CAD) and alanyl-tRNA synthetase (AATS). The monophyly of Pipunculidae and most known subfamilies, including Chalarinae, Nephrocerinae, Pipunculinae and Protonephrocerinae, are well supported, as are most existing generic concepts. Molecular analysis reveals that Nephrocerinae, either with or without Protonephrocerinae, depending on analytical method, is sister to the rest of the family. Within Pipunculinae, Cephalopsini is synonymized with Pipunculini (synon. nov.) and Eudorylini with Tomosvaryellini (synon. nov.), leaving Pipunculinae with three tribes: Microcephalopsini, Pipunculini and Tomosvaryellini. Jassidophaga is proposed as a synonym of Verrallia (synon. nov.). Beckerias, Cephalops s.s., Cephalosphaera s.s., Neocephalosphaera, Parabeckerias and Semicephalops are all raised to generic status (stat. nov.). Eudorylas fusculus and E. vineti are transferred to Clistoabdominalis (comb. nov.) and Clistoabdominalis ruralis and C. doczkali to Eudorylas (comb. nov.). We provide evidence for four new genera of Pipunculidae, one of which is described herein (Tricosus gen. nov.; Australia: New South Wales, contains two new combinations, Tricosus cyclohirtus and Tricosus anorhaebus).

A molecular phylogeny for the Taeniapterinae is presented based on mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI), ribosomal (16S rRNA and 28S rRNA) and nuclear (EF-1α and CAD) genes of 48 specimens including 40 species. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference were used to analyze the total concatenated dataset of 8769 bp. The results confirm that tribal classifications in Taeniapterinae are artificial and support the separation of Paragrallomyia Hendel and Taeniaptera sensu Ferro & Marshall (2020).

Following an international Diptera expedition in 2016, two new species of Platycheirus Lepeletier & Serville, 1828 were found in Taiwan. A total of three species from three different species groups are now known from Taiwan. The two new species, Platycheirus ferrumitarsis sp. n. and Platycheirus perpes sp. n., are described and their respective placement within the peltatus and ambiguus species groups is discussed. The other species, Platycheirus formosanus Shiraki, 1930, is illustrated and its placement is discussed. It is argued that P. nigritus Huo, Ren & Zheng 2007 should be considered a nomen dubium as it is discussed to be described based on an intersex specimen.

The Canadian Diptera fauna is updated. Numbers of species currently known from Canada, total Barcode Index Numbers (BINs), and estimated numbers of undescribed or unrecorded species are provided for each family. An overview of recent changes in the systematics and Canadian faunistics of major groups is provided as well as some general information on biology and life history. A total of 116 families and 9620 described species of Canadian Diptera are reported, representing more than a 36% increase in species numbers since the last comparable assessment by JF McAlpine et al. (1979). Almost 30,000 BINs have so far been obtained from flies in Canada. Estimates of additional number of species remaining to be documented in the country range from 5200 to 20,400.

We present the first multigene phylogeny focused on Eristalinae (Diptera: Syrphidae) utilizing a dataset containing 120 flower fly species from across all four subfamilies and representing 13 out of 16 tribes. Eight genes were used in the construction of the phylogeny: mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and the nuclear genes 28S ribosomal DNA, Alanylt RNA Synthetase, the carbamoyl phosphate synthase domain of CAD, Period, RNA-binding Protein 15 (RBP–15, 5’), Casein Kinase 1 and TULP for a total of ~6.7 kB of data. Eristalinae is recovered as paraphyletic with strong support for the elevation of Cerioidini, Merodontini and Volucellini to subfamilial status. Deineches, Flukea and Malometasternum render Criorhinina paraphyletic with respect to the type genus Criorhina. A clade with Criorhina, Matsumyia and Sphecomyia is strongly supported. The generic concept of Criorhina is paraphyletic, while Sphecomyia is monophyletic and Matsumyia is monophyletic but requires expansion. Evidence supports the resurrection of Romaleosyrphus and the creation of new genera. Criorhinina (stat. rev.) is restricted to contain Criorhina, Matsumyia, Romaleosyrphus and Sphecomyia. Thirteen changes to the higher classification of Syrphidae are proposed.

Dragonflies and damselflies are a charismatic, medium-sized insect order (~6300 species) with a unique potential to approach comparative research questions. Their taxonomy and many ecological traits for a large fraction of extant species are relatively well understood. However, until now, the lack of a large-scale phylogeny based on high throughput data with the potential to connect both perspectives has precluded comparative evolutionary questions for these insects. Here, we provide an ordinal hypothesis of classification based on anchored hybrid enrichment using a total of 136 species representing 46 of the 48 families or incertae sedis, and a total of 478 target loci. Our analyses recovered the monophyly for all three suborders: Anisoptera, Anisozygoptera and Zygoptera. Although the backbone of the topology was reinforced and showed the highest support values to date, our genomic data was unable to stronglyresolve portions of the topology. In addition, a quartet sampling approach highlights the potential evolutionary scenarios that may have shaped evolutionary phylogeny (e.g., incomplete lineage sorting and introgression) of this taxon. Finally, in light of our phylogenomic reconstruction and previous morphological and molecular information we proposed an updated odonate classification and define five new families (Amanipodagrionidae fam. nov., Mesagrionidae fam. nov., Mesopodagrionidae fam. nov., Priscagrionidae fam. nov., Protolestidae fam. nov.) and reinstate another two (Rhipidolestidae stat. res., Tatocnemididae stat. res.). Additionally, we feature the problematic taxonomic groupings for examination in future studies to improve our current phylogenetic hypothesis National Science Foundation | Ref. DEB-1265714 National Science Foundation | Ref. DBI-1564386 Ministerio de Ciencia | Ref. CGL2014-53140-P Ministerio de Ciencia | Ref. PGC2018-096656-B-I00

The Afrotropical representatives of the hover fly genus Mesembrius Rondani, 1857 (Diptera) are divided into two subgenera, namely Mesembrius s.s. and Vadonimyia Séguy, 1951 and, in this present work, the subgenus Mesembrius s.s. is revised. A total of 23 Mesembrius s.s. species are recognised for the Afrotropics. Known species are re-described and six species new to science are described: Mesembrius arcuatussp. nov., M. copelandisp. nov., M. longipilosussp. nov., M. sulcussp. nov., M. tibialissp. nov. and M. vockerothisp. nov. Mesembrius africanus (Verrall, 1898) is considered a junior synonym of M. senegalensis (Macquart, 1842), M. ctenifer Hull, 1941 a junior synonym of M. caffer (Loew, 1858), M. lagopus (Loew, 1869) a junior synonym of M. capensis (Macquart, 1842) and M. platytarsis Curran, 1929 a junior synonym of M. simplicipes Curran, 1929. The females of Mesembrius chapini Curran, 1939, M. rex Curran, 1927 and M. regulus (Hull, 1937) are described for the first time. Lectotypes are designated for Mesembrius caffer, M. capensis, M. cyanipennis (Bezzi, 1915), M. minor (Bezzi, 1915), M. senegalensis, M. strigilatus (Bezzi, 1912) and M. tarsatus (Bigot, 1883). Separate identification keys for males and females are presented. We obtained 236 DNA barcodes for 18 species. The relationships amongst the different Mesembrius species are briefly discussed, based on morphological and DNA barcode data.

Species of the distinctive and cosmopolitan genus Dasydorylas Skevington, 2001 in the Middle East are revised. Seven species are documented, and three new species, Dasydorylas dactylos sp. nov., D. forcipus sp. nov. and D. parazardouei sp. nov., are described, and one synonym, D. derafshani Motamedinia & Kehlmaier, 2017, syn. nov. is proposed, based on sequence information from the mitochondrial COI barcoding gene and morphological parameters. Diagnoses, illustrations and distributional data are provided for all studied species. Descriptions of new species as well as an identification key to all known species in the Middle East are also provided.

The 34 species of Australian Psilota are revised, with 26 new species described (Psilota aislinnae Young sp. nov., Psilota alexanderi Young sp. nov., Psilota apiformis Thompson and Young sp. nov., Psilota auripila Young and van Steenis sp. nov., Psilota azurea Thompson and Young sp. nov., Psilota bicolor Young and Ferguson sp. nov., Psilota brunnipennis Young sp. nov., Psilota calva Young sp. nov., Psilota darwini Young sp. nov., Psilota flavoorta Young and van Steenis sp. nov., Psilota fuscifrons Young sp. nov., Psilota livida Young and van Steenis sp. nov., Psilota longipila Thompson and Young sp. nov., Psilota mcqueeni Young sp. nov., Psilota metallica Thompson and Young sp. nov., Psilota nigripila Young sp. nov., Psilota occidua Young sp. nov., Psilota pollinosa Young and van Steenis sp. nov., Psilota purpurea Thompson and Young sp. nov., Psilota smaragdina Young sp. nov., Psilota solata Young and van Steenis sp. nov., Psilota spathistyla Young and van Steenis sp. nov., Psilota spinifemur Young sp. nov., Psilota viridescens Young and van Steenis sp. nov., Psilota xanthostoma Young sp. nov., Psilota zophos Young sp. nov.) and one new record for Australia (Psilota basalis Walker, 1858). Previously described Australian species are redescribed, with the males of Psilota auricauda Curran, 1925 and P. basalis (Walker, 1858) described for the first time. Six previously described species (Psilota erythrogaster Curran, 1926, Psilota hirta Klocker, 1924, Psilota queenslandica Klocker, 1924, Psilota rubra Klocker, 1924, Psilota rubriventris Bigot, 1885, and Psilota shannoni Goot, 1964) are morphologically indistinguishable from related species. P. erythrogaster, P. rubra, and P. rubriventris are therefore treated under the Psilota cuprea (Macquart, 1850) species complex while P. hirta, P. queenslandica, and P. shannoni treated under the Psilota tristis Klocker, 1924 species complex. Lectotypes for the following species are designated: Coiloprosopa nitida Macquart, 1850, Merodon muscaeformis Walker, 1852, Orthonevra basalis Walker, 1858, Psilota coerulea Macquart, 1846, and Psilota viridis Macquart, 1847.

Meromacrus is a genus of conspicuous syrphids with saprophagous larvae, ranging from the southern United States to Argentina and Chile. However, this genus is in need of a taxonomic revision. Adults reared from larvae collected in Mexico and Peru, and other material available at different institutional collections were examined. Meromacrus cactorum sp. nov., from Peru, Meromacrus yucatense sp. nov., from Mexico, their puparia and breeding sites were described. A key to Meromacrus puparia is provided. The holotypes of Meromacrus canusium, Meromacrus gloriosus, Meromacrus laconicus and Meromacrus melmoth were also examined. The name Meromacrus draco is proposed as a junior synonym of M. gloriosus. Larvae of M. cactorum sp. nov. were found in decaying columnar cacti in Peru, while those of M. yucatense sp. nov. in a rot-hole of a Ceiba pentandra stump. Obtained results on both taxonomy and biology of these species serve as a first step towards a revision of the entire genus. AR’s position (grant number UATAL05) and GJSD’ predoctoral fellowship at the University of Alicante are funded by the ‘Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de Conocimiento’. JQ’s postdoctoral position in the UADY was funded by the CONACyT-Mexico (grant number 128856). Funding to JHS was provided by an A-base research grant from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

Background Pleistocene glaciations have had an important impact on the species distribution and community composition of the North American biota. Species survived these glacial cycles south of the ice sheets and/or in other refugia, such as Beringia. In this study, we assessed, using mitochondrial DNA from three Diptera species, whether flies currently found in Beringian grasslands (1) survived glaciation as disjunct populations in Beringia and in the southern refugium; (2) dispersed northward postglacially from the southern refugium; or (3) arose by a combination of the two. Samples were collected in grasslands in western Canada: Prairies in Alberta and Manitoba; the Peace River region (Alberta); and the southern Yukon Territory. We sequenced two gene regions (658 bp of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, 510 bp of cytochrome b) from three species of higher Diptera: one with a continuous distribution across grassland regions, and two with disjunct populations between the regions. We used a Bayesian approach to determine population groupings without a priori assumptions and performed analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and exact tests of population differentiation (ETPD) to examine their validity. Molecular dating was used to establish divergence times. Results Two geographically structured populations were found for all species: a southern Prairie and Peace River population, and a Yukon population. Although AMOVA did not show significant differentiation between populations, ETPD did. Divergence time between Yukon and southern populations predated the Holocene for two species; the species with an ambiguous divergence time had high haplotype diversity, which could suggest survival in a Beringian refugium. Conclusions Populations of Diptera in Yukon grasslands could have persisted in steppe habitats in Beringia through Pleistocene glaciations. Current populations in the region appear to be a mix of Beringian relict populations and, to a lesser extent, postglacial dispersal northward from southern prairie grasslands.

This paper describes 11 of 18 new species recognised in the recent book, "Field Guide to the Flower Flies of Northeastern North America". Four species are omitted as they need to be described in the context of a revision (three Cheilosia and a Palpada species) and three other species (one Neoascia and two Xylota) will be described by F. Christian Thompson in a planned publication. Six of the new species have been recognised for decades and were treated by J. Richard Vockeroth in unpublished notes or by Thompson in his unpublished but widely distributed "A conspectus of the flower flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) of the Nearctic Region". Five of the 11 species were discovered during the preparation of the Field Guide. Eight of the 11 have DNA barcodes available that support the morphology. New species treated in this paper include: Anasimyia diffusa Locke, Skevington and Vockeroth (Smooth-legged Swamp Fly), Anasimyia matutina Locke, Skevington and Vockeroth (Small-spotted Swamp Fly), Brachyopa caesariata Moran and Skevington (Plain-winged Sapeater), Brachyopa cummingi Moran and Skevington (Somber Sapeater), Hammerschmidtia sedmani Vockeroth, Moran and Skevington (Pale-bristled Logsitter), Microdon (Microdon) scauros Skevington and Locke (Big-footed Ant Fly), Mixogaster fattigi Locke, Skevington and Greene (Fattig's Ant Fly), Neoascia guttata Skevington and Moran (Spotted Fen Fly), Orthonevra feei Moran and Skevington (Fee's Mucksucker), Psilota klymkoi Locke, Young and Skevington (Black Haireye) and Trichopsomyia litoralis Vockeroth and Young (Coastal Psyllid-killer). Common names follow the "Field Guide to the Flower Flies of Northeastern North America" (Skevington et al. 2019).

The hoverfly genus

The Middle East species of Claraeola Aczél (Diptera, Pipunculidae) are revised based on morphological characteristics and sequence data from the mitochondrial COI barcoding gene, using a novel COI mini-barcode protocol. Four new Claraeola species are described: C. bousynterga Motamedinia & Skevington, sp. nov., C. heidiae Motamedinia & Skevington, sp. nov., C. khuzestanensis Motamedinia & Skevington, sp. nov., and C. mantisphalliga Motamedinia & Skevington, sp. nov.Eudorylas thekkadiensis Kapoor, Grewal & Sharma, 1987 is transferred to Claraeola, C. thekkadiensis (comb. nov.). Diagnoses, illustrations, an identification key, and a distributional map are given for the Middle East species.

The 16 world species of Sphecomyia Latreille are revised, including seven previously undescribed species (S.cryptica Moran, sp. n., S.hoguei Moran, sp. n., S.interrupta Moran, sp. n., S.oraria Moran, sp. n., S.pseudosphecomima Moran, sp. n., S.sexfasciata Moran, sp. n., and S.weismani Moran, sp. n.). Descriptions, redescriptions, male genitalia photographs, distribution maps, and an illustrated key for all Sphecomyia are presented. DNA barcode data are provided for all 16 species with a cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene tree presented and discussed. Sphecomyiastat. rev. is redefined to represent the monophyletic lineage of species within subtribe Criorhinina possessing a bare, medial vitta extending ventrally from the oral margin in both sexes, a bare gena, a bare katepimeron, a scutellum with at least anterior margin densely pruinose, an anterior ventral half of vein C before crossvein h without setae, and a narrow intersection of vein R1 with vein C. Three species groups of Sphecomyia are identified: the S.vittata group which possess pruinose scutellar vittae, the S.pattonii group which lack pruinose scutellar vittae, and S.metallica (Bigot), a hairy bee mimic with a completely pruinose scutum. Criorhinatsherepanovi Violovitsh is resurrected and transferred, along with Criorhinaaino Stackelberg, to the genus Sphecomyia: S.tsherepanovi (Violovitsh), comb. n. and S.aino (Stackelberg), comb. n.Criorhinametallica (Bigot) is designated as the senior synonym of C.lupina (Williston), not junior as improperly treated, and transferred to Sphecomyia: S.metallica (Bigot), comb. n. The species Sphecomyiafusca Weisman, S.nasica Osburn, and S.occidentalis Osburn are transferred to Criorhina Meigen: C.fusca (Weisman), comb. n., C.nasica (Osburn), comb. n., and C.occidentalis (Osburn), comb. n.

The species of the genus Amazunculus Rafael (Diptera: Pipunculidae) are large bodied flies, easily identified by their flattened hind tarsus and curved dm-m wing vein. The species of this Neotropical genus are revised, including six new species: Amazunculus acreanus sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Acre, Rio Branco), A. bethoi sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Carauari), A. francyae sp. nov. (type-locality: Ecuador, Napo), A. manauara sp. nov. (type-locality: Brazil, Amazonas, Manaus), A. panamensis sp. nov. (type-locality: Panama, Canal Zone) and A. psilalarius sp. nov. (type-locality: Venezuela, Amazonas). All these new species are described with an emphasis on structures of the male terminalia, which are fully illustrated. An identification key to the twelve species of Amazunculus is provided. The first record of Amazunculus in Central America (Panama) is documented.

The Middle East species of Claraeola Aczél (Diptera, Pipunculidae) are revised based on morphological characteristics and sequence data from the mitochondrial COI barcoding gene, using a novel COI mini-barcode protocol. Four new Claraeola species are described: C. bousynterga Motamedinia & Skevington, sp. nov., C. heidiae Motamedinia & Skevington, sp. nov., C. khuzestanensis Motamedinia & Skevington, sp. nov., and C. mantisphalliga Motamedinia & Skevington, sp. nov.Eudorylas thekkadiensis Kapoor, Grewal & Sharma, 1987 is transferred to Claraeola, C. thekkadiensis (comb. nov.). Diagnoses, illustrations, an identification key, and a distributional map are given for the Middle East species.

The species of the Neotropical hoverfly genus Peradon Reemer, 2013 are revised, based on morphological characters with aid of mitochondrial DNA barcodes. The resulting number of valid species is increased to 31, of which the following seven are described as new: P. ballux Reemer, sp. nov., P. brevis Reemer, sp. nov., P. costaricensis Reemer, sp. nov., P. notialus Reemer, sp. nov., P. palpator Reemer, sp. nov., P. pompiloides Reemer, sp. nov., and P. surinamensis Reemer, sp. nov. Two new synonymies are established: Microdon langi Curran, 1925, syn. nov. and Microdon flavomarginatum Curran, 1925, syn. nov. are both junior synonyms of Mulio bidens Fabricius, 1805. A neotype is designated for Microdon diaphanus Sack, 1921. This neotype, which has been reared from an ant nest, also represents the first case of a larval record for this genus. In some species, most notably in P. bidens (Fabricius) and P. normalis (Curran), discrete and distinct colour morphs are recognized, with strongly differing colouration of wings and abdomen.

New World Warblers represent a complex and closely related family, with a high propensity to hybridize. With more than 73 known hybrid pairings of Parulidae documented, we report a previously undocumented hybrid: a Chestnut-sided (Setophaga pensylvanica) × Magnolia Warbler (S. magnolia). The parentage of the hybrid individual and its identity are supported by morphological and genetic evidence. DNA sequencing of a fragment of cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI) supports the female parent as Chestnut-sided, while strong morphological features support Magnolia Warbler as the father.