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The superb image quality, stability and sensitivity of the JWST permit deconvolution techniques to be pursued with a fidelity unavailable to ground-based observations. We present an assessment of several deconvolution approaches to improve image quality and mitigate effects of the complex JWST point spread function (PSF). The optimal deconvolution method is determined by using WebbPSF to simulate JWST's complex PSF and MIRISim to simulate multi-band JWST/Mid-Infrared Imager Module (MIRIM) observations of a toy model of an active galactic nucleus (AGN). Five different deconvolution algorithms are tested: (1) Kraken deconvolution, (2) Richardson-Lucy, (3) Adaptive Imaging Deconvolution Algorithm, (4) Sparse regularization with the Condat-V\~u algorithm, and (5) Iterative Wiener Filtering and Thresholding. We find that Kraken affords the greatest FWHM reduction of the nuclear source of our MIRISim observations for the toy AGN model while retaining good photometric integrity across all simulated wavebands. Applying Kraken to Galactic Activity, Torus, and Outflow Survey (GATOS) multi-band JWST/MIRIM observations of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 5728, we find that the algorithm reduces the FWHM of the nuclear source by a factor of 1.6-2.2 across all five filters. Kraken images facilitate detection of a SE to NW $\thicksim$2".5 ($\thicksim$470 pc, PA $\simeq$115\deg) extended nuclear emission, especially in the longest wavelengths. We demonstrate that Kraken is a powerful tool to enhance faint features otherwise hidden in the complex JWST PSF., Comment: 32 pages, 23 figures, published in AJ 2024 February 7

The umbral regions of sunspots and pores in the solar photosphere are generally dominated by $3$~mHz oscillations, which are due to $p$-modes penetrating the magnetic region. In these locations, wave power is also significantly reduced with respect to the quiet Sun. However, here we study a pore where the power of the oscillations in the umbra is not only comparable, or even larger than that of the quiet Sun, but the main dominant frequency is not $3$~mHz as expected, but instead $5$~mHz. By combining Doppler velocities and spectropolarimetry and analysing the relationship between magnetic field strength and frequency, the resultant $B-\omega$ diagram reveals distinct ridges which are remarkably clear signatures of resonant MHD oscillations confined within the pore umbra. In addition to velocity oscillations, we demonstrate that these modes are also accompanied by magnetic oscillations, as predicted from MHD theory. The novel technique of $B-\omega$ analysis, proposed in this Letter, opens an exciting new avenue for identifying MHD wave modes in the umbral regions of both pores and sunspots., Comment: Accepted in A&A

In this work we explore the possibility of using Recurrence Quantification Analysis (RQA) in astronomical high-contrast imaging to statistically discriminate the signal of faint objects from speckle noise. To this end, we tested RQA on a sequence of high frame rate (1 kHz) images acquired with the SHARK-VIS forerunner at the Large Binocular Telescope. Our tests show promising results in terms of detection contrasts at angular separations as small as $50$ mas, especially when RQA is applied to a very short sequence of data ($2$ s). These results are discussed in light of possible science applications and with respect to other techniques like, for example, Angular Differential Imaging and Speckle-Free Imaging., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ

MHD wave propagation inside the Sun's atmosphere is closely related to the magnetic field topology. For example, magnetic fields are able to lower the cutoff frequency for acoustic waves thus allowing waves which would otherwise be trapped below the photosphere to propagate into the upper atmosphere. Another example is that MHD waves can be transmitted or converted into other forms of waves at altitudes where the sound speed equals the Alfv\'en speed. We take advantage of the large field-of-view provided by the IBIS experiment to study the wave propagation at two heights in the solar atmosphere, as sampled by the photospheric Fe 617.3 nm spectral line and the chromospheric Ca 854.2 nm spectral line, and its relationship to the local magnetic field. Among other things, we find substantial leakage of waves with 5-minute periods in the chromosphere at the edges of a pore and in the diffused magnetic field surrounding it. By using spectro-polarimetric inversions of Hinode SOT/SP data, we also find a relationship between the photospheric power spectrum and the magnetic field inclination angle; in particular, well-defined transmission peaks around 25\degree for 5 minutes waves and around 15\degree for 3 minutes waves. We propose a very simple model based upon wave transmission theory to explain this behavior. Finally, an analysis of both the power spectra and chromospheric amplification spectra suggests the presence of longitudinal acoustic waves along the magnetic field lines., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

In our studies of the dynamics and energetics of the solar atmosphere, we have detected, in high-quality observations from Hinode SOT/NFI, ubiquitous small-scale upflows which move horizontally with supersonic velocities in the quiet Sun. We present the properties of these fast moving upflows (FMUs) and discuss different interpretations., Comment: To appear in Proceedings 25th NSO Workshop, editors A. Tritschler, K. Reardon, H. Uitenbroek, Mem. S.A.It

The present study addresses the following questions: How representative of the actual velocities in the solar atmosphere are the Doppler shifts of spectral lines? How reliable is the velocity signal derived from narrowband filtergrams? How well defined is the height of the measured Doppler signal? Why do phase difference spectra always pull to 0 degrees phase lag at high frequencies? Can we actually observe high frequency waves (P<= 70s)? What is the atmospheric MTF of high frequency waves? How reliably can we determine the energy flux of high frequency waves? We address these questions by comparing observations obtained with Hinode/NFI with results from two 3D numerical simulations (Oslo Stagger and CO5BOLD). Our results suggest that the observed high frequency Doppler velocity signal is caused by rapid height variations of the velocity response function in an atmosphere with strong velocity gradients and cannot be interpreted as evidence of propagating high frequency acoustic waves. Estimates of the energy flux of high frequency waves should be treated with caution, in particular those that apply atmospheric MTF corrections., Comment: To appear in Proceedings 25th NSO Workshop, editors A. Tritschler, K. Reardon, H. Uitenbroek, Mem. S.A.It

We measure the mean frequencies of acoustic waves propagating toward and away from a sunspot employing a spot-centered Fourier-Hankel decomposition of p-mode amplitudes as measured from a set of observations made at the South Pole in 1991. We demonstrate that there is a significant frequency shift between the inward and outward traveling waves which is consistent with the Doppler effect of a radial outflow from the sunspot. For p-modes of temporal frequencies of 3 mHz it is observed that the frequency shift decreases slightly with spatial frequency, for modes with degree l between 160 to 600. From the l dependence of the frequency shift, we infer that the mean radial outflow within the observed annular region (which extends between 30 and 137 Mm from the spot) increases nearly linearly with depth, reaching a magnitude of about 200 m/s at a depth of 20 Mm. This outflow exhibits properties similar to flows recently reported by Lindsey, et al. (1996) using spatially sensitive local helioseismic techniques., Comment: 11 pages, 3 Postscript figures, uses (AASTeX) aaspp4.sty Accepted for publication in Astrophysical Journal Letters

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration s Human Spaceflight Architecture Team (HAT) has been developing a preliminary Destination Mission Concept (DMC) to assess how a human orbital mission to one or both of the Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, might be conducted as a follow-on to a human mission to a near-Earth asteroid (NEA) and as a possible preliminary step prior to a human landing on Mars. The HAT Mars-Phobos-Deimos (MPD) mission also permits the teleoperation of robotic systems by the crew while in the Mars system. The DMC development activity provides an initial effort to identify the science and exploration objectives and investigate the capabilities and operations concepts required for a human orbital mission to the Mars system. In addition, the MPD Team identified potential synergistic opportunities via prior exploration of other destinations currently under consideration.