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The objective of this work is to study the Klein-Nishina (KN) cross section during the collision of free electrons and atoms (H-atom and Pt-atom) near the cathode of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFCs). The developed KN cross section was computed using MATLAB shows KN cross section decrease with an increase with the temperature. The maximum KN cross section recorded for single scattering is about -70.2m2 and -66m2 in natural log terms during the collision of free electrons with H-atom and Pt-atom, respectively. The maximum KN cross section recorded for 1ml flow of hydrogen is about -26.6m2 and -22.25m2 in natural log term during the collision of free electrons with H-atom and Pt-atom, respectively.

The objective of this work is to develop the mathematical model for the auxiliary field and interlink the pair correlation in the external potential of the open quantum system of the 2D electron system. For this, we used 2D Hubbard Model with the action open quantum system Lindblad equation and then apply the saddle point condition to obtain the auxiliary field of the 2D system. The obtained pair correlation of quasiparticles was found symmetric in nature with cooper pairs electron paring angle. The pair correlation of 0K was found 0.1times, 1 time, 2 times, 3 times, 4 times, and 5 times greater when compared with 0.2K, 0.3K, 0.4K, 0.5K, and 0.6K, respectively at -1 radian and +1 radian copper pairs electron pairing angle which is maximum. In addition, with increasing the temperature, the pair correlation decrease and become minimum without loss of symmetry.

The objective of this work is to study the photonic force and impulses on a leaf, intensity after passing through the leaf, and molecular cross-section chlorophyll of the leaf. To study we use analytical and computational methods. The observation shows that photonic force and impulse on leaves of crops decrease with wavelength, intensity also decreases with the thickness of leaves and molecular cross-section of Chlorophyll a type is lesser than Chlorophyll b type. A study of this parameter shows the huge impact on the photosynthesis phenomena of plants which further disturbed the growth of plants in different parts of their body. With the study, it is also found that the spectrum of the visible range is suitable for the photosynthesis process because the energy gap of Chlorophyll a type and Chlorophyll b type lie in the visible spectrum region. In addition, the higher energy spectrum damages the photosynthesis process by damaging Chlorophyll a and Chlorophyll b. Hence, this study shows how the force, impulse, intensity, and molecular cross section affect the photosynthesis process and diet of plants which is related to leaves.

Filmon Kiflezghi Kiflemariam,1 Abiel Ghebrehiwet Tewelde,1 Ali Mahmud Hamid,1 Bilal Mussa Beshir,1 Samrawit Negasi Solomon,1 Tesfu Gonets Eman,1 Daniel Mebrahtu Abraha,1,2 Russom Kahsu,1 John Issac,1 Jeevan Jyoti Kaushik1 1Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea; 2Department of Hematology, National Health Laboratory, Asmara, EritreaCorrespondence: Filmon Kiflezghi Kiflemariam, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Asmara College of Health Sciences, Asmara, Eritrea, Email filmonkiflezghi.k@gmail.comBackground: Currently, cardiovascular disorders are the primary cause of mortality in the world and constitute a serious medical problem. Blood coagulation is an essential process to prevent excessive blood loss through injured blood vessels; however, abnormal blood clotting in the blood vessels can result in fatal cardiovascular disorders. This study investigated the in vitro anticoagulant activity of Meriandra dianthera crude extract and its fractions and their erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity.Methods: The plant leaves were extracted by a decoction method and were further fractionated by a liquid–liquid partition with a solvent of crescent polarity. The in vitro anticoagulant activity of the plant extract and its fractions was assessed by PT and APTT assays, while the membrane stabilizing activity was determined through hypotonic induced hemolysis.Results: The crude aqueous leaf extract of Meriandra dianthera significantly (P < 0.001) prolonged the intrinsic clotting pathway measured by APTT by specifically acting on the intrinsic coagulation pathway. By using liquid–liquid fractionation, the residual aqueous fraction was identified as the fraction responsible for the anticoagulant activity of the crude extract as it significantly (P< 0.001) prolonged APTT while the other fractions failed. Both the crude extract and its aqueous residue fraction did not affect the extrinsic coagulation pathway measured by PT. In the membrane stabilizing assay, crude extract and aqueous residue fraction showed the highest membrane stabilizing activity.Conclusion: The crude extract and its aqueous residue fraction showed a potent in vitro anticoagulant and membrane stabilizing activity, which shows the potential of the plant’s leaves as a new source of bioactive molecules for coagulation-related disorders.Keywords: blood coagulation, in vitro, anticoagulant, fractionation, medicinal plant, prothrombin time, APTT, Meriandra dianthera

The mathematical model is developed to investigate the relationship between the Hamiltonian of the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) and the output of the PEMFC. At constant response time, the Hamiltonian is directly proportional to current density and cell voltage, according to the established model (Nano-second). At activation overpotential 90mV, the Hamiltonian of PEMFC with current density increases without a hump, however at activation overpotential 1mV, a bump is detected at 0.47mAcm-2. The hump is also seen with cell voltage and power density at the same current density. The current density exponential term is responsible for the hump. PEMFC's Hamiltonian at low temperature is higher than PEMFC's Hamiltonian at high temperature. By examining the Hamiltonian with temperature and its relationship to a PEMFC output, the efficiency of the PEMFC can be increased by minimizing heat. Because PEMFC generates electricity and heat as a result of the chemical process. The collision of free electrons and protons around the electrodes generates heat energy. Because the Hamiltonian is inversely proportional to distance and directly proportional to current density and power density, the energy carried by free electrons and proton decreases as the distance between them decreases, resulting in the generation of heat energy during collisionless collisions. The free electrons and free protons circulate faster to form PEMFC outputs due to the short distance gap.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the role of work engagement (WE) and group cohesion (GC) in the context of fun at workplace (FAW) and its outcomes.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 753 employees of fast food chain restaurants in India have been contacted, and 244 responded back. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses have been conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the data. Further, the hypothesized relationships have been tested using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe findings of the study revealed that WE mediates the relationship between FAW and intention to leave (ITL). Further, GC moderates the relationship between FAW and WE.Research limitations/implicationsThis research has been conducted in fast food chain restaurants only, and the data is cross-sectional in nature.Practical implicationsOrganizations should develop a business culture based on fun and enjoyment, which will help in creating a comfortable environment for employees and reduce their ITL.Social implicationsSociety benefits a lot if employees have positive work experiences. FAW will help to reduce the negative spillover of work pressure/stress to the home. Employees will come home with minimum work stress and will contribute positively to their personal and social life.Originality/valueThe present study empirically tested the mediating role of WE between FAW and ITL and moderating role of GC between FAW and WE that helped a lot to understand the relationships in the workplace setting.

Carbon nanofillers such as carbon nanotube (CNTs), graphene and graphene–carbon nanotube (GCNT) hybrid play a significant role in a broad range of applications due to their outstanding properties. The outstanding properties of graphene and CNTs have not been entirely realized in polymer nanocomposites because of the serious concern of the agglomeration of CNTs and restacking of graphene at the times of the processing which resulted in the deterioration of properties of the final composites. To avoid these problems, graphene (2D) and carbon nanotube (1D) are used for the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) hybrid nanofiller. GCNT hybrid is excellent nanofiller in which 3D interconnected hierarchical structures and their physico-chemical features enhance the properties significantly. The impressive 3D network structure of GCNTs hybrid-reinforced composites has to gain a significant improvement in the properties. GCNTs nanofiller has opened new paths of research for the production of next-generation advanced materials. This review article mainly summarizes the advancement in the GCNTs hybrid-reinforced polymer nanocomposites in terms of their synthesis, properties and applications. This review article is presented in four main sections. In the first section, the various synthesis techniques of CNTs, graphene and GCNTs are discussed. In the second section, GCNTs-reinforced hybrid composites prepared by three methods such as solution mixing, in situ polymerization and twin-screw extrusion techniques are discussed. In the third section, various properties like mechanical, electrical, thermal, rheological, dielectric properties of GCNTs-reinforced polymer nanocomposites are focused. In the last section, the focus is on the industrial applications of GCNTs-reinforced polymer nanocomposites as lightweight and high strength materials. Current challenges associated with GCNTs hybrid and future pathways for progress in GCNTs-reinforced polymer matrix composites are discussed.

PurposeOrganisations operate in diverse cultural environment, which is a challenging task due to absence of cultural knowledge and difficulty in adapting the native culture that usually leads to expatriate failure. In this context cultural intelligence plays an important role in the adjustment of employees. The purpose of the study is to examine the mediating role played by cultural intelligence between cross-cultural training and cross-cultural adjustment relationship. It further analyses the moderating role of cross-cultural training and types of expatriate between cultural intelligence and cross-cultural adjustment relationship.Design/methodology/approachSet in a large culturally diverse emerging economy context, data have been gathered from 530 managers working in banking sector. Data have been duly assessed for reliability and validity.FindingsThe results revealed that cultural intelligence mediates cross-cultural training and cross-cultural adjustment relationship. Evidence from the analysis further suggests that cross-cultural training and types of expatriate moderate the relationship between cultural intelligence and cross-cultural adjustment. Lastly, the managerial and theoretical implications have been put forth for practical and academic perusal.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is cross-sectional in nature and data have been collected from single source.Practical implicationsOrganisations should design such training programmes, which motivate the managers to successfully complete out of home state assignment and help them to adapt in the cross-cultural situations.Social implicationsCulturally intelligent employees/managers are able to communicate with people belonging to diverse culture, which results in building trust, loyalty and cordial relationship amongst the people. This will create the feeling of unity in the society thereby bringing national as well as global peace.Originality/valueThe study develops the extant literature on cross-cultural training and types of expatriate as effective intercultural instruments to enhance the capability of the managers to interact and adjust in host region environment.

CASWAT-G (Circulating Cable Supported up down Walking Technology by Using Gravity) is a gravity and leg muscle force operated surface ropeway that works as a gravitational force harvesting transportation system. Both sides’ users are connected to a Circulating Cable (CC), and when they are supported by it, gravity balance is created through harvesting gravity. At this harvested force balance condition, they apply mild leg muscle force for easy upwards and downwards walking. This machine’s principle is similar to funicular and ski lift systems and has an efficiency of more than 80%. According to measurements that took place, the normal upwards or plane surface walking force is larger than the Circulating Rope (CR) supported upwards walking force, which means that CR supported walking is easier than normal upwards or plain surface walking. This kind of transportation system is useful in providing transportation facilities to people living in hilly areas as well as a recreational facility to tourists in mountainous areas in a fast, cheap, and simple way with negligible environmental impact.

PurposeOrganizations try to appoint individuals who fit in with their values and goals. Employees who do not fit in with the organization's core values and goals prefer not to stay on for a longer period of time. The present study is an attempt to explore the impact of person–job (P–J) fit on organizational commitment through job involvement and career commitment with an application of a serial multiple mediation model.Design/methodology/approachData have been collected through a structured questionnaire. The population comprised the teachers, working in the higher education sector. The different constructs used have been duly validated with the help of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Further data reliability and scale validity have been checked too. In order to test the serial multiple mediation model, the authors adopted a regression-based approach and bootstrapping method suggested by Hayes (2012; 2013). Accordingly, PROCESS developed by Hayes (2012) has been used.FindingsThe results revealed that job involvement and career commitment mediate the relationship between P–J fit and organizational commitment individually as well as together.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study is confined to government degree colleges only. The element of subjectivity might not have been checked completely as teachers have responded on the basis of their own experience and perceptions regarding the items in the questionnaire. The study is cross sectional in nature.Practical implicationsThe paper addresses the interest of wide spectrum of stakeholders including the management, organizations and employees. So, the authors have extended general implications, which are for all those organizations that want to improve person–organization (P–O) fit and commitment of their employees. These implications will help organizations to take specific initiatives to improve the P–J fit of their employees, which will subsequently enhance their commitment level.Originality/valueThe findings of the present study will help the stakeholders in the higher education sector to identify best employees and undertake the initiatives to generate better job involvement and commitment, which will be a win–win strategy for both (employees as well as the organizations).

In the present study, we have investigated scattering of an electron by hydrogen atoms in the presence of the elliptical polarized laser field. We have discussed the polarization effect of laser field on hydrogen atom and effect of the resulted polarized potential on differential scattering cross-section is studied. We assume the scattered electrons having kinetic energy (~3000 eV) and laser field of moderate field strength because it is permitted to treat the scattering process in first Born approximation and the scattering electron was described by Volkov wave function. We found that the differential scattering cross-section area increases with the increase of the kinetic energy of the incident electron and there is no effect of changing the value of polarizing angle on the differential cross-section with kinetic energy. We observed that differential scattering cross-section in elliptical polarization in the high energy region depends upon the laser intensity and the incident energy for a linearly polarized field.

This work aims to study the XRD of 5 Boron oxides crystal with different X-ray sources using Quantum Expresso. When XRD was done with angle vs. intensity, a pretty exciting observation was observed: the single high-intensity peak was observed for each source. The high intensity with large Bragg’s angle is observed with Fe-sources among the considered source (Cu, Ag, Mo, and Fe). This shows lower atomic mass sources have higher Bragg’s angle when incidence on a sample of Boron oxides. The high-intensity peak when Fe-sources is used for XRD of B6O, BO3, B2O, B8O, B2O3 was observed at an angle of 44.3, 37.5, 11, 44.3, 39.8 degrees, respectively.

PyMOL and UCSF Chimera are open source multifunctional molecular visualization system developed for the use in structural biology. Both of these tools are well designed with various visualization options available for the user; with the help of such options, we have observed that the iron core binds oxygen in the heme group of oxymyoglobin. Also, various molecular surfaces, internal structures as well as bond lengths between the iron core & molecular oxygen in the heme group and that to the histidine-93 of the oxymyoglobin protein have been calculated. Implementing structural analysis feature of UCSF Chimera, the distance between iron core of heme group and molecular oxygen and that between iron core and histidine 93(H93) have been estimated and found to be 1.827 Å and 2.065 Å respectively which are in good agreement (within 0.5% error) with the bond lengths calculated by x-ray diffraction method [4] .The small value of bond length between Fe and O2 suggests the higher stability of oxygen which is important for transportation, activation and storage of enzymes to support life of living organisms on the Earth. So, it provides an insight in enzymology like oxygenase. Interestingly, oxymyoglobin protein or its constituent amino acid chain may have important role in the origin of early life on the Earth.