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Background: Respiratory symptoms may persist for several weeks following the initial coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. The aims and objectives were to assess the clinical symptoms, pulmonary functions, and radiological changes and to assess the cardio-vascular complications in post-COVID-19 patients. Methods: This observational study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Cardiology, SCBMCH, Cuttack, from March 2021 to August 2022 on 75 post-COVID-19 patients with respiratory symptoms from 4 weeks to 2 years after treatment for COVID-19 infection. Post-COVID patients having previous respiratory diseases were excluded from the study. Results: Among 75 patients, the most common age group was 18–30 years with a male-to-female ratio of 2.5:1. Based on O2 requirement, patients were divided into the mild symptomatic group and moderate to severe pneumonia group. The most common respiratory symptom was dyspnea, followed by cough with expectoration. Bilateral crepitations were found in 17% of cases. C-reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer were increased in 38.6% and 32% of patients, respectively. 42.6% had abnormal chest X-ray, and the most common abnormal finding was reticular thickening. In spirometry, the restrictive pattern and mixed pattern were the predominant types documented in 49.3% and 13.3% of cases, respectively, which were significant in the moderate–severe group. Diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) was performed in only 19 patients (mild group 13 and moderate–severe group 6). Twelve (63.2%) patients had abnormal DLCO. P- values were significant for RV (0.0482) and RV/TLC (0.0394). High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the thorax was abnormal in 55.7% with the most common abnormalities as inter- and intra-lobular septal thickening. The left ventricular ejection fraction was preserved in all patients, with right atrium and right ventricle enlargement in 2.6% and pulmonary hypertension in 4.0% of participants. Conclusion: All post-COVID-19 patients having respiratory symptoms after recovery from acute COVID-19 may be referred by family care physicians to a dedicated post-COVID center for further evaluation, management, and early rehabilitation to decrease the morbidity in recovered patients. Persistent increased blood parameters like TLC, N/L ratio, RBS, CRP, and D-dimer seen in recovered post-COVID-19 patients. The long-term impact of CT findings on respiratory symptoms, pulmonary functions, and quality of life is unknown. Cardiovascular abnormalities in post-COVID-19 patients are infrequent.

Abstract Background Digital health, aiming to boost healthcare accessibility, is an emerging concept in the domain of healthcare administration and delivery in developing countries. In India, according to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), more than half (55%) of the men have reported ever using the internet, while only one-third (33%) of the women have done so. This gendered digital divide is further complicated and worsened by the fact that individuals in the lowest wealth quintile exhibit significantly lower internet usage rates, with only 9% of women and 26% of men. Such intersectionality of the gendered digital divide might prove a barrier to realizing the full potential of digital health in India. Eliminating digital inequalities in all forms and ensuring universal digitalization is essential for desired digital health outcomes. Methods This study aims to explore India’s readiness for digital health in terms of access to basic digital infrastructure, i.e., the internet. We analyze access to the Internet among Indian women of reproductive age using pan-India survey data from the fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (2019–21). We investigate predictors of Internet use in a regression model and apply the Erreygers Concentration Index (ECI) to examine inequalities in Internet access. Using decomposition analyses, we analyze factors contributing to digital inequality in terms of internet use. Results Our inequality analysis based on the ECI [ECI- 0.4444 (p

Adipocytes secrete a wide range of bioactive peptides known as adipokines. These factors play a crucial role in the complex network of metabolic control that connects adipose tissue activity with systemic metabolic balance. The intricacy of adipokine signalling networks and their relationships with other bodily metabolic regulators is also highlighted in this study. Although adipokines are necessary for healthy metabolism, the pathophysiology of various metabolic illnesses, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, are associated with their dysregulation. We explored the effects of changes in adipokine function and levels that affect various disorders, providing a detailed picture of the pathophysiology. This review also delves into the potential of adipokine as a metabolic illness biomarker, including its prognostic and diagnostic potential. Moreover, it assesses the potential therapeutic benefits of regulating adipokine activity and explores present and upcoming approaches to target these molecules to enhance metabolic health. Overall, This study emphasizes the many functions of adipokines in several metabolic processes, such as insulin sensitivity, lipid metabolism, glucose regulation, and inflammation. Additionally, it offers a comprehensive and insightful understanding of adipokines, emphasizing their pivotal role in metabolic well-being and disease.

Introduction: Cellular stress responses play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and combating various pathological conditions. Understanding the stress response mechanisms triggered by R. coptidis is critical for harnessing its therapeutic potential. This herb is widely used, but the precise cellular mechanisms through which it exerts its therapeutic effects remain less explored. This review aims to elucidate how R. coptidis affects key cellular pathways and its potential as a therapeutic agent. Method: This review examines existing evidence on the cellular mechanisms and stress response pathways influenced by R. coptidis. The analysis focuses on the regulation of NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, ERS, and oxidative stress pathways. Sources include peer-reviewed articles, clinical studies, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) literature. Results: Evidence indicates that R. coptidis exerts beneficial effects on various diseases by modulating the NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K-Akt, AMPK, ERS, and oxidative stress pathways. By targeting these pivotal pathways, R. coptidis mitigates cellular damage and restores homeostasis under pathological conditions. Conclusion: Understanding the cellular stress response and molecular mechanisms of R. coptidis highlights its multifaceted therapeutic potential. These findings underscore the importance of integrating TCM approaches into modern therapeutic strategies for combating complex diseases. Further investigations into the molecular targets and clinical efficacy of R. coptidis are needed to fully realize its therapeutic potential.

Introduction: Chinese medicine, rooted in a rich history dating back thousands of years, offers a holistic approach to healthcare that has endured the test of time. This comprehensive review explores the ancient wisdom and modern relevance of Chinese medicine, shedding light on its principles, practices, and adaptability in contemporary healthcare. Methods: This review employs a multidisciplinary approach, drawing upon ancient texts, modern scientific research, and clinical studies to elucidate the core tenets of Chinese medicine. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in various databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and traditional Chinese medical databases, to identify relevant articles, books, and historical documents. Results: The review synthesizes the fundamental concepts of Chinese medicine, such as Qi, Yin-Yang, the five elements, and meridian system, while examining their physiological and clinical significance in the context of modern medicine. It also delves into the integration of Chinese Medicine into mainstream healthcare systems worldwide, highlighting its growing acceptance and utilization in the treatment of various conditions, including chronic pain, mental health disorders, and complementary cancer care. Discussion: The discussion section explores the synergy between traditional Chinese medicine and contemporary medical practices, emphasizing the potential for a complementary approach that bridges the gap between Eastern and Western healthcare. It addresses the challenges and opportunities in integrating Chinese medicine into evidence-based medicine, emphasizing the importance of rigorous research and standardization. Conclusion: In conclusion, this review underscores the enduring wisdom of Chinese medicine, showcasing its adaptability and relevance in the modern healthcare landscape. It advocates for continued collaboration between traditional Chinese medicine and conventional medical systems, fostering a more holistic and patient-centered approach to healthcare. By embracing the ancient wisdom of Chinese medicine alongside modern medical advancements, we can pave the way for a healthier and more balanced future.

The objective of the investigation was to explore the abundance, composition, and diversity patterns of the fish fauna along the temporal and spatial scale and study the influence of environmental parameters on the fish assemblage in the Rihand reservoir, a large sub-tropical Indian reservoir in India. On the temporal scale, the highest abundance was recorded in the summer season and the lowest in the monsoon season, while on the spatial scale, the highest abundance was recorded from the riverine and the minimum from the lacustrine zone. The highest species richness and diversity were recorded from the riverine zone followed by the transitional and lacustrine zones, respectively. The analysis of the variance of fish abundance revealed insignificant differences between the riverine and the transitional zones. The trophic guild analysis indicated the dominance of carnivores. The output of canonical correspondence analysis depicted the significant influence of the physico-chemical traits on the abundance of fish species. The transparency and specific conductivity were found to be the most critical factors affecting fish assemblages in the Rihand reservoir. This study generated important baseline ecological information that would be useful for the monitoring, conservation, and management of the reservoir ecosystem. HIGHLIGHTS This study quantified the abundance and diversity patterns of the fish fauna in the Rihand reservoir.; The species richness and diversity are arranged in GIS.; The trophic guild analysis indicated the dominance of carnivores.; This study suggested the inclusion of the riverine and transitional zones in management and conservation strategies.; The new information on fisheries and ecological complexity would be useful for sustainable management.;

Abstract The agroforestry system is the best option to achieve the net zero carbon emissions target for India. Keeping this view, carbon sequestration and credit potential of gamhar based agroforestry system has been assessed. The experiment was carried out in randomized block design in seven different treatments with five replications. Gamhar tree biomass accumulation was higher in gamhar based agroforestry system compared to sole gamhar. Among different tree components, stem contributed a maximum to total gamhar tree biomass followed by roots, leaves and branches. The average contributions of stems, roots, leaves and branches in total tree biomass in two annual cycles (2016–17 and 2017–18) varied between 50 and 60, 19.8 and 20, 19.2 and 20, and 10.7 and 12.7 percent, respectively. In case of crops, above ground, below ground and total biomass was significantly higher in sole intercrops than gamhar based agroforestry system. Total (Tree + interrops + Soil) carbon stock, carbon sequestration, carbon credit and carbon price were significantly affected by treatments, and was maximum in Sole Greengram-Mustard. Net carbon emission was also recorded lowest in Sole Greengram-Mustard for which the values were 811.55% and 725.24% and 760.69% lower than Sole Gamhar in 2016–17, 2017–18 and in pooled data, respectively.

The preservation of aquatic ecosystems and the availability of drinkable water sources depends on the protection of water quality. This is especially true about bodies of water such as ponds. Traditional monitoring techniques frequently require a significant investment of resources and have a restricted application, which has prompted the investigation of more effective technologies. We present a unique wireless acquisition system for monitoring real-time water quality that makes use of the Arduino (ESP32) microcontroller. This system allows us to collect data in real-time. This cutting-edge technology collects data from a variety of pond locations utilizing three individual sensors to perform remote measurements of three critical parameters: turbidity, TDS, and pH. The integration of the system with an aquatic boat enables complete sampling from the center as well as the sides of the pond, which is a significant step forward in terms of innovation. The collected information, which may include pH, turbidity, and TDS readings, is uploaded to the cloud so that it may be evaluated in real-time using the AquaSpecs app. The effectiveness of the proposed system has been proven by deployment in four ponds in Chhattisgarh; these ponds are named Birkona Pond, Budha Pond, Dagania Pond, and Kushalpur Pond. This deployment demonstrates the system’s potential for effective water quality monitoring and management. Using the proposed water quality monitoring system, it was found that the Birkona pond was the cleanest pond having average values of pH, TDS, and Turbidity were 6.23,196.75 and, 8.83 respectively. Budha pond was found highly polluted pond having average values of pH, TDS, and Turbidity were 13.30, 544.18, and, 34.89 respectively. The proposed system is also compared with recent water quality monitoring systems and achieves a higher score. Sensor errors were also very low in the proposed system when compared with traditional approaches, which makes it suitable for monitoring water quality.

Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (TolCNDV) causes yellow mosaic disease, which poses a significant biotic constraint for sponge gourd cultivation, potentially resulting in crop loss of up to 100%. In the present investigation, 50 diverse genotypes were screened for 3 years under natural epiphytotic conditions. A subset of 20 genotypes was further evaluated across four different environments. The combined analysis of variance revealed a significant genotype × environment interaction. Eight genotypes consistently exhibited high and stable resistance in the preliminary screening and multi-environment testing. Furthermore, genotype plus genotype × environment interaction biplot analysis identified DSG-29 (G-3), DSG-7 (G-2), DSG-6 (G-1), and DSGVRL-18 (G-6) as the desirable genotypes, which have stable resistance and better yield potential even under diseased conditions. The genotype by yield × trait biplot analysis and multi-trait genotype–ideotype distance index analysis further validated the potential of these genotypes for combining higher yield and other desirable traits with higher resistance levels. Additionally, resistant genotypes exhibited higher activities of defense-related enzymes as compared to susceptible genotypes. Thus, genotypes identified in our study will serve as a valuable genetic resource for carrying out future resistance breeding programs in sponge gourd against ToLCNDV.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most commonly prescribed medications worldwide for acid-related disorders. While their short-term efficacy and safety are well-established, concerns regarding their long-term effects on bone health have emerged. This umbrella review aimed to synthesize the available findings on the associations between PPI use and bone metabolism outcomes. Methods: An electronic search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and the Cochrane Database up to September 16, 2023. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that evaluated the relationship between PPIs and bone metabolism outcomes were included. Data extraction, quality appraisal, and synthesis were performed in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute and PRISMA guidelines. The strength of the evidence was graded using the GRADE criteria. Statistical analysis was performed in R version 4.3. Results: Out of 299 records, 27 studies met the inclusion criteria. The evidence indicated a statistically significant increased risk of fractures, notably hip, spine, and wrist fractures, in PPI users. PPI use was associated with changes in Bone Mineral Density (BMD) across various bones, though the clinical relevance of these changes remains uncertain. Furthermore, PPI-induced hypomagnesemia, which can influence bone health, was identified. A notable finding was the increased risk of dental implant failures in PPI users. However, the certainty of most of the evidence ranged from very low to low based on GRADE criteria. Conclusion: The long-term use of PPIs may be associated with adverse bone health outcomes, including increased fracture risk, alterations in BMD, hypomagnesemia, and dental implant failure. While these findings highlight potential concerns for long-term PPI users, the current evidence's low certainty underscores the need for robust, high-quality research to clarify these associations.

Introduction: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a recurrent and chronic inflammatory disorder that impacts the gastrointestinal tract. It is distinguished by a multiple etiology, including various complicated factors. The global prevalence of IBD has increased in recent years, leading to a need for novel strategies in its management. This has sparked interest in exploring alternative medicines, such as herbal medicine, for the treatment of IBD. In this context, Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), which has a strong foundation in traditional practices, has garnered attention as a potentially successful exploration route owing to its diverse medicinal characteristics. Methodology: Different keywords, including IBD, CHM and Gut microbiota, were employed in searches across online databases like Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PubMed. Duplicate references, inappropriate articles, and incomplete data were debarred which lies outside the scope of this artcle. Results: Although conventional treatments have demonstrated efficacy in certain patients, they frequently entail undesirable side effects and inherent constraints. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing research literature about the effectiveness of several Chinese herbal formulations in reducing the symptoms associated with IBD and influencing the composition of the gut microbiota. Significant importance is attributed to comprehending the deep interrelationship between host-microbiota interactions and the intricate microbial populations that inhabit the gastrointestinal system. Discussion: The discussion delves into a comprehensive exploration of Chinese Herbal Medicine as a potential treatment option for Inflammatory Bowel Disease. This comprehensive review examines the diverse facets of complementary and alternative medicine in the management of IBD, encompassing its historical background, fundamental principles, the scientific rationale behind its effectiveness, and its practical implementation in clinical settings.

Abstract Hypertension (HTN), a complex cardiovascular disease (CVD), significantly impacts global health, prompting a growing interest in complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches. This review article seeks to provide an up-to-date and thorough summary of modern therapeutic techniques for treating HTN, with an emphasis on the molecular mechanisms of action found in substances found in plants, herbs, and seafood. Bioactive molecules have been a significant source of novel therapeutics and are crucial in developing and testing new HTN remedies. Recent advances in science have made it possible to understand the complex molecular mechanisms underlying blood pressure (BP)-regulating effects of these natural substances better. Polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and peptides are examples of bioactive compounds that have demonstrated promise in influencing several pathways involved in regulating vascular tone, reducing oxidative stress (OS), reducing inflammation, and improving endothelial function. The article explains the vasodilatory, diuretic, and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) modifying properties of vital plants such as garlic and olive leaf. Phytochemicals from plants are the primary in traditional drug development as models for novel antihypertensive drugs, providing diverse strategies to combat HTN due to their biological actions. The review also discusses the functions of calcium channel blockers originating from natural sources, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, and nitric oxide (NO) donors. Including seafood components in this study demonstrates the increased interest in using bioactive chemicals originating from marine sources to treat HTN. Omega-3 fatty acids, peptides, and minerals obtained from seafood sources have anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and antioxidant properties that improve vascular health and control BP. Overall, we discussed the multiple functions of bioactive molecules and seafood components in the treatment of HTN.

Cancer cells depend on specific oncogenic pathways or present a genetic alteration that leads to a particular disturbance. Still, personalized and targeted biological therapy remains challenging, with current efforts generally yielding disappointing results. Carefully assessing onco-target molecular pathways can, however, potently assist with such efforts for the selection of patient populations that would best respond to a given drug treatment. RNF43, an E3 ubiquitin ligase that negatively regulates Wnt/frizzled (FZD) receptors by their ubiquitination, internalization, and degradation, controls a key pathway in cancer. Recently, additional target proteins of RNF43 were described, including p85 of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor that potently induces β-catenin stabilization, independent of Wnts. RNF43 mutations with impaired E3 ligase activity were found in several types of cancers (e.g., gastrointestinal system tumors and endometrial and ovarian cancer), pointing to a high dependency on FZD receptors and possibly PAR2 and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. The development of drugs toward these targets is essential for improved treatment of cancer patients.

Potato is a globally significant crop, crucial for food security and nutrition. Assessing vital nutritional traits is pivotal for enhancing nutritional value. However, traditional wet lab methods for the screening of large germplasms are time- and resource-intensive. To address this challenge, we used near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid trait estimation in diverse potato germplasms. It employs molecular absorption principles that use near-infrared sections of the electromagnetic spectrum for the precise and rapid determination of biochemical parameters and is non-destructive, enabling trait monitoring without sample compromise. We focused on modified partial least squares (MPLS)-based NIRS prediction models to assess eight key nutritional traits. Various mathematical treatments were executed by permutation and combinations for model calibration. The external validation prediction accuracy was based on the coefficient of determination (RSQexternal), the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD), and the low standard error of performance (SEP). Higher RSQexternal values of 0.937, 0.892, and 0.759 were obtained for protein, dry matter, and total phenols, respectively. Higher RPD values were found for protein (3.982), followed by dry matter (3.041) and total phenolics (2.000), which indicates the excellent predictability of the models. A paired t-test confirmed that the differences between laboratory and predicted values are non-significant. This study presents the first multi-trait NIRS prediction model for Indian potato germplasm. The developed NIRS model effectively predicted the remaining genotypes in this study, demonstrating its broad applicability. This work highlights the rapid screening potential of NIRS for potato germplasm, a valuable tool for identifying trait variations and refining breeding strategies, to ensure sustainable potato production in the face of climate change.

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) are essential components of lung cancer evaluation. Features of mediastinal lymph nodes on EBUS and CECT can help in predicting metastatic disease. Clinical, radiological and EBUS data of patients with clinico-radiological suspicion of lung cancer and have undergone EBUS with no trans-bronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) or nonyielding EBUS-TBNA were retrospectively collected from medical records. EBUS features of lymph nodes for metastatic disease [Size >1cm, round shape, heterogeneous echo-texture, indistinct margin, coagulation necrosis(CN), absence of central hilar structures (CHS) and grade II-III vascularity] were noted. CECT findings were noted from CECT films and reports to analyse and compare with EBUS findings. Scoring criteria of EBUS sonographic characteristics from previous studies for discriminating benign and malignant lymph-nodes were also assessed for possible prediction. Thirty-one (31) patients [male=18 (58.1%), female=13 (41.9); age (mean±SD) =52.9±15.7 years] with CECT findings suggesting lung cancer were studied. EBUS showed mediastinal lymphadenopathy at 82 lymph node station in 29 patients. Size>1cm, round shape, heterogeneous echo-texture, distinct margin, CN, absence of CHS and grade II-III vascularity at 33 (40%), 28 (34%), 31 (38%), 55 (67%), 3 (4%), 77 (94%) and 6 (7.3%) lymph nodes, respectively. Malignant or benign status assigned to lymph nodes using different scoring criteria were highly discordant. Compared to EBUS, CECT revealed abnormal mediastinal lymph nodes (LN) in significantly less number of patients [21( 67.7%) vs 29 (93.5%), p=0.01] involving less number of lymph node stations (LNS) [(37 vs 82, p

Introduction: One of the first grains to be cultivated was Hordeum vulgare, which was grown in the Fertile Crescent, a region of Western Asia near the Nile River in North-East Africa and many other regions like russia, china. It has a lot of soluble fiber, especially beta-glucans, which help control blood sugar and lower cholesterol. It is a grain of the Poaceae family and is one of the earliest plants with the greatest significance in Chinese medicine. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practitioners have used it for treating hyperprolactinemia, obesity etc. Hordeum vulgare is used in the preparation called “Smilax” which is used for weight loss in china. Hordeum vulgare has been used as a poultice to treat burns and wounds because it is thought to be anti-inflammatory, anti-fatigue, diuretic, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, antiviral, antiprotozoal, astringent, demulcent, digestive, expectorant, febrifuge, antimutagenic, and emollient. Methodology: The online databases including scopus, web of science, Google Scholar, and PubMed, were searched using different keywords: Hordeum vulgare, antinflammatory activity, traditional uses, and antimutagenic activity, Chinese herb, hordeum vulgare. The purpose of this review was therefore to summarize the previously reported phytopharmacological status of the chosen plant species. Results: The results of our analysis revealed that Hordeum vulgare Linn. contains dietary fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals including, flavonoids, saponins, etc. In addition, previous research has demonstrated that plant extracts and isolated principles of Hordeum vulgare also possess significant pharmacological activity including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, febrifuge, anti-mutagenic and others. Discussion: Hordeum vulgare has a good potential for generating therapeutics for the treatment of inflammation, obesity, cancer and also worked as dietary supplements for minerals and vitamin deficiency, according to the below-mentioned human and animal studies. Also, clinical research has shown that Hordeum vulgare is a safe and efficient herb for human intake and thus should be included in dietary intakes and as active constituents in pharmaceutical formulations. Conclusion: This review will talk about how the plant chemicals in Hordeum vulgare can be used to treat and prevent diseases. This review also helps the researchers to work on the Hordeum vulgare with the focus on bioactivity and toxicity.

Objectives: To study maternal hypotension, side effects, and fetal acid-base balance during cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia using prophylactic infusion doses of 25 and 50 μg/min phenylephrine. Methods: This prospective randomized study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital on 100 pregnant women who underwent caesarean section under subarachnoid block. The participants were randomized into: Group P1 (n = 50): who received phenylephrine 25 μg/min infusion prophylactically and Group P2 (n = 50) received phenylephrine 50 μg/min infusion prophylactically. The two groups were compared for heart rate, blood pressure, side effects, and fetal arterial and venous blood gas analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: In group P1, 3 (6%) patients had episode of hypotension and in group P2, 1 (2%) patient had episode of hypotension. There was no incidence of hypertension in group P1 but in group P2, 5 (10%) patients had hypertension (p < 0.05). There was no episode of bradycardia or oxygen desaturation in any group. Side effects were Grade 1 in three patients each in both the groups, and Grade 2 in one patient of Group P1 and four patients in Group P2 (p = 0.842). Fetal acid-base balance was comparable in the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that 50 μg/min phenylephrine was able to better prevent maternal hypotension with comparable side-effects profile and fetal acid base balance.

Background & objectives: Emerging zoonotic and vector-borne diseases are posing new challenges to public health authorities. Morbidities and mortalities due to acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is a serious health problem in paediatric patients. We conducted serological investigations on AES cases from six districts of north eastern Madhya Pradesh (MP), India for Japanese encephalitis (JE). Methods: The paired serum and CSF samples were collected from paediatric patients having signs and symptoms of encephalitis and admitted at a tertiary care hospital during the study period from August 2020 to October 2021. Demographic and clinical information was collected in predesigned formats. Serum and CSF were subjected to JE IgM specific ELISA. Results: Samples from 110 patients were collected during the study period of which 28 (25.4%) were reactive for JE IgM antibodies. JE IgM positivity was marginally higher in male children (26.6%) as compared to female children (22.8%). Out of 28 positive cases, 11 (39.2%) deaths were attributed to JE. Four districts of north eastern Madhya Pradesh showed JE activity. Maximum cases were observed in post-monsoon season. Interpretation & conclusion: Our results show that JEV is an emerging threat in eastern central India and health authorities need to be vigilant. A systematic molecular and serological survey among humans and animals along with xenomonitoring will help in understanding intricacies of JE epidemiology in the region.

Background: To compare the efficacy and safety of prophylactic intravenous infusions of phenylephrine (0.1 μg/kg/min) and norepinephrine (NE) (0.05 μg/kg/min) for the management of maternal hypotension under spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Methods: A prospective randomized comparative interventional study was conducted on 100 pregnant patients who underwent elective/emergency cesarean section under the sub-arachnoid block. The study patients were randomly allocated into two equal groups comprising of Group P (n = 50): who received phenylephrine 0.1 μg/kg/min infusion prophylactically and Group N (n = 50): who received norepinephrine 0.05 μg/kg/min infusion prophylactically. The data of outcome measures were compared among the two groups by SPSS ver 21.0. Results: A significant difference was seen in the incidence of bradycardia between groups P and N (20% vs 4%, P value = 0.028). The blood pressure was significantly higher in Group N (systolic-120.5 vs 104 mm of Hg, P = 0.026; diastolic-66 vs 61 mm of Hg, P = 0.019). Group N patients had no complications whereas Group P patients experienced nausea (8%) and vomiting (4%), P = 0.027. Neonatal outcomes in terms of Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) score and umbilical arterial/venous blood gases were similar among the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the study results show that NE is better in maintaining the hemodynamic parameters (BP and HR) during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery with minimal side effects. It can be suggested that NE may be advantageous in pregnancies especially those complicated with pregnancy-induced hypertension.

A study was carried out for three years (2019, 2020 & 2021) in the experimental field at ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Mizoram Centre, Kolasib, Mizoram to check the performances of seven ginger genotypes viz., Gurubathani, Bold Nadia, Bhaise, John's ginger, PGS 121, PGS 95 and PGS 102 against Local ginger cv Thingria and their economic feasibility for commercialization in Mizoram, India. Out of seven genotypes when compared with Local ginger cv Thingria, five genotypes have out yielded Local cultivar in the range of 21.25 to 45.45% with Bhaise having 45.45% higher rhizome yield than Local ginger. On the other hand, Bold Nadia possesses a combination of good quality traits. The highest B:C ratio was obtained in Bhaise (2.08) followed by PGS 102 (1.99), Gorubathani (1.95) and Bold Nadia (1.87). The highest cost of cultivation was contributed by labour cost which was 53.40% of total cost of cultivation. The four genotypes viz., Bold Nadia, Bhaise, PGS 102 and Gorubathani can be selected as potential genotypes possessing optimum combination of all traits. Based on economic analysis, these genotypes can be considered for commercial purposes under Mizoram condition. Different production systems such as intercropping, pro-tray technology, and bulb extraction method may increase the overall income of farmers. Farmers need to venture the possibilities of value addition in ginger on commercial basis. Government intervention is required for creating marketing infrastructures, initiating youth-centered schemes, occasional skill training and developing farmer-friendly policies to protect them from market risks and exploitation. Ginger has been an important horticultural crop and widely marketed spice crop of Mizoram, a potential enterprise contributing to state economy

The study aims to contribute valuable insights into the potential applications of the photocatalyst, particularly in the realms of sustainable energy and environmental remediation. Here, Zn-doped NiO nanoparticles with different mole percentages of zinc ingredients are produced and analyzed. Synthesized Zn-doped NiO nanoparticles were evaluated structurally, optically, morphologically, elementally, and photocatalytically. According to X-ray diffraction analysis, cubic NiO and hexagonal Zn-doped cubic NiO nanoparticles were formed, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed metal dopants and metal-oxygen stretching, as well as Zn substitution and stabilization. A UV analysis revealed that zinc dopants reduced visible light absorption and bandgap. A decrease in bandgap indicates the importance of zinc incorporation and its interface with NiO. Electron scanning microscopy and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the nanoparticles exhibited quasi-spherical morphologies and contained Ni, Zn, and O elements. Photocatalytic activity of the synthesized Zn-doped NiO nanoparticles increased with increasing Zn content, achieving a maximum at 8% Zn doping into NiO lattices of 92%. Through XPS analysis, the valencies of Zn, Ni, and O elements are demonstrated, as well as electron movements and bonding between the atoms. The zinc dopants on the metal oxide surface led to charge separation and radical reactions, resulting in enhanced degradation of phorate, salbutamol, and rhoda mine B activities. Hence, Zn-doped NiO nanoparticles are proposed as effective photocatalysts for environmental remediation. The findings are expected to have implications for advancing the field of photocatalysis and addressing challenges related to pollution and energy sustainability.

Studying primordial events in cancer is pivotal for identifying predictive molecular indicators and for targeted intervention. While the involvement of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in cancer is growing, GPCR-based therapies are yet rare. Here, we demonstrate the overexpression of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2), a GPCR member in the fallopian tubes (FTs) of high-risk BRCA carriers as compared to null in healthy tissues of FT. FTs, the origin of ovarian cancer, are known to express genes of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STICs), a precursor lesion of high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC). PAR2 expression in FTs may serve as an early prediction sensor for ovarian cancer. We show now that knocking down Par2 inhibits ovarian cancer peritoneal dissemination in vivo, pointing to the central role of PAR2. Previously we identified pleckstrin homology (PH) binding domains within PAR1,2&4 as critical sites for cancer-growth. These motifs associate with PH-signal proteins via launching a discrete signaling network in cancer. Subsequently, we selected a compound from a library of backbone cyclic peptides generated toward the PAR PH binding motif, namely the lead compound, Pc(4-4). Pc(4-4) binds to the PAR PH binding domain and blocks the association of PH-signal proteins, such as Akt or Etk/Bmx with PAR2. It attenuates PAR2 oncogenic activity. The potent inhibitory function of Pc(4-4) is demonstrated via inhibition of ovarian cancer peritoneal spread in mice. While the detection of PAR2 may serve as a predictor for ovarian cancer, the novel Pc(4-4) compound may serve as a powerful medicament in STICs and ovarian cancer. This is the first demonstration of the involvement of PAR PH binding motif signaling in ovarian cancer and Pc(4-4) as a potential therapy treatment.

Background: In December 2019, several cases of acute respiratory illness were detected in Wuhan city of China. This SARS-CoV-2 has been rapidly spreading worldwide ever since. SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to damage the vital organs such as lung, heart, liver, and kidney, and infection poses a considerable risk to patients by the high prevalence of pneumonia. Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: (1) To study clinical profile and biochemical markers in SARI patients. (2) To compare the clinical profile and biochemical markers between SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients and their outcomes. Materials and Methods: The present study is a hospital-based prospective cross-sectional study conducted on a total of 350 patients (150 SARI+200 COVID-19) in Bengaluru during the study period from June 2020 to May 2021. Results: Diabetes mellitus was present in 30% of SARI and 42% in COVID-19 patients (P=0.03). Leukocytosis (Total Leukocyte Count [TLC] >11000 cells/mm3) was more common among SARI patients than COVID-19 patients (49.3% vs. 24.3%). Leukopenia (TLC

The outbreak of COVID-19 has severely impacted the viability on the earth. Its pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has manifested catastrophic effect on the world's demographics and emerged as the most epizootic agent for human beings. Even though considerable progress in research has led to a better understanding of the virus, there is no specific and potent treatment or cure has been proven effective for this disease. Based on the available scientific evidences, U. S. Food and Drug Administration has issued an emergency use authorization for the emergency use of remdesivir against SARS-CoV-2 virus in critical and hospitalized patients. Remdesivir is a prodrug form of a nucleoside analog GS-441524. It is given intravenously because of its poor absorption through oral route. Remdesivir acts against viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase targeting viral genome replication. It has been used in many countries as an emergency drug for the treatment of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients. However, in order to substantiate the result through suitable statistics, large-scale clinical trials are required. As per existing studies, the most common adverse effects reported after intravenous administration of remdesivir are elevation in the level of aminotransferase enzymes and bilirubin. Renal impairment, hypotension, and diarrhea have also been revealed in few patients. As of now, there is limited trial data available on remdesivir, so irrevocable epilogues cannot be drawn. However, it is believed by many therapists that irrational use of remdesivir should be prohibited. The erroneous use of remdesivir can lead to the SARS-CoV-2 virus mutating, and its consequence may be ill-starred in future.

Ambient air pollution is one of the treacherous and malign problems facing humanity and other living beings on the earth today. Although the air pollutants such as particulate matters (PM) and microscopic contaminants have been associated with widespread morbidity and mortality, studies have also indicated those pollutants as a potential synergist to respiratory infirmities in both adults and children. Many viral contaminants have also been reported as potential detriments of respiratory distresses. Exposure to poor grades of ambient air can lead to numerous health consequences, such as adverse effects on the lung, heart, and other vital organs. In recent years, many studies infer that pollution along with viral contaminants impart substantial worldwide burden of diseases on human beings. Excessive air suspended pollutants such as micro or nanoparticulate matters bring down the life expectancy of human beings in many ways. Regardless of the passage of entry, fine and ultrafine PM that enter into systemic circulation affect vascular endothelial cells by producing local oxidative stress and have the capacity to cross biological barriers, thereby creating numerous deleterious effects on vital organs. Pollution-induced systemic inflammation is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6, interleukin-1 β, and tumor necrotic factor-α. These systemic inflammatory mediators are implicated in causing or exacerbating many complications in the human body. This article is an attempt to accentuate the pollution-linked health impediments, as well as the fountainheads of ambient air pollution so that some effective strategies can be developed to manage this global peril.

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) against married women is widely prevalent in India. Using recent data from NFHS-5, we analyzed the association between husbands' characteristics and IPV. Separate logistic regression models were developed for three distinct "husband characteristic groups" namely demographic, social and economic groups, and one final model including only statistically significant variables. IPV has been found to be significantly associated with men's age, age gap between husband and wife, men's educational level, religion, caste, region, number of daughters, wife's decision-making autonomy, men's IPV justifying attitude, alcoholism and substance abuse among men, type of work and wealth. We suggest shifting the policy gaze from women and prioritizing men's education, control on substance abuse and alcoholism among men as well as employment opportunities to tackle the violence against women.

Abstract Here, we report three magnetic transitions at 101 K (T $$_{C1}$$ C 1 ), 246 K (T $$_{C2}$$ C 2 ) and 295 K (T $$_{C3}$$ C 3 ) in bilayer La $$_{1.4}$$ 1.4 Sr $$_{1.6}$$ 1.6 Mn $$_{2}$$ 2 O $$_7$$ 7 . The second order phase transitions have been identified at these transition points with the help of change in entropy analysis and modified Arrott plots (MAPs). The critical behavior around T $$_{C1}$$ C 1 , T $$_{C2}$$ C 2 and T $$_{C3}$$ C 3 have been studied by MAPs and Kouvel–Fisher method. Based on these analyses four magnetic phases are: (1) 2D Ising ferromagnetic (FM) below T $$_{C1}$$ C 1 ,(2) 2D Heisenberg canted antiferromagnetic (CAFM-I) and FM clusters in temperature range T $$_{C1}$$ C 1 < T < T $$_{C2}$$ C 2 , (3) 2D Heisenberg CAFM-II and FM clusters with non magnetically interacting planes in temperature range T $$_{C2}$$ C 2 < T < T $$_{C3}$$ C 3 and (4) paramagnetic for T > T $$_{C3}$$ C 3 .

Luliconazole (LZ) is a good candidate for the treatment of fungal infection topically but has limitations, i.e., poor solubility and poor permeability to skin. Due to these limitations, multiple administrations for a long time are required to treat the inflection. The aim of the present study was to develop the invasomes (IVS) gel of LZ to improve the topical antifungal activity. The IVS was prepared by the thin-film hydration method and optimized by Box-Bhekhen design software. The optimized LZIVS (LZIVSopt) has 139.1 ± 4.32 nm of vesicle size, 88.21 ± 0.82% of entrapment efficiency, 0.301 ± 0.012 of PDI, and 19.5 mV (negative) of zeta potential. Scanning microscopy showed a spherical shape of the vesicle. FTIR spectra showed there is no interaction between the drug and lipid. Thermogram showed that the LZ is encapsulated into the LZIVS matrix. LZIVSopt gel (LZIVSopt-G3) exhibited optimum viscosity (6493 ± 27 cps) and significant spreadability (7.2 g·cm/s). LZIVSopt-G3 showed 2.47-fold higher permeation than pure LZ-gel. LZIVSopt-G3 did not show any edema or swelling in the skin, revealing that the developed formulation is non-irritant. LZIVSopt-G3 exhibited significant inhibition of the fungus infection (C. albicans) in the infected rats. The finding concluded that IVS gel is a good carrier and an attractive approach for the enhancement of topical delivery of LZ to treat the fungal infection.

The present work shows the obtainment of biosynthesized SiO2 with the aid of Jasminum grandiflorum plant extract and the study of its photocatalytic ability in dye degradation and antibacterial activity. The obtained biosynthesized SiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffractometer analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The UV-light irradiated photocatalytic activity of the biosynthesized SiO2 nanoparticles was examined using methylene blue dye solution. Its reusability efficiency was determined over 20 cycles and compared with the commercial P-25 titanium dioxide. The bacterial resistivity of the biosynthesized SiO2 nanoparticles was examined using S. aureus and E. coli. The biosynthesized SiO2 nanoparticles showed a high level of crystallinity with no impurities, and they had an optimum crystallite size of 23 nm, a bandgap of 4 eV, no Si-OH groups and quasi-spherical shapes with Si-2p at 104 eV and O-1s at 533 eV. Their photocatalytic activity on methylene blue dye solution could reach 90% degradation after 40 min of UV light exposure, and their reusability efficiency was only 4% less than that of commercial P-25 titanium dioxide. At the concentration of 100 μg/mL, the biosynthesized SiO2 nanoparticles could allow the resistivity of E. coli to become borderline to the resistant range of an antibiotic called Amikacin.

The present study investigates the brain-targeted efficiency of atomoxetine (AXT)-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-laden thermosensitive in situ gel after intranasal administration. AXT-NLC was prepared by the melt emulsification ultrasonication method and optimized using the Box–Behnken design (BBD). The optimized formulation (AXT-NLC) exhibited particle size PDI, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency (EE) of 108 nm, 0.271, −42.3 mV, and 84.12%, respectively. The morphology of AXT-NLC was found to be spherical, as confirmed by SEM analysis. DSC results displayed that the AXT was encapsulated within the NLC matrix. Further, optimized NLC (AXT-NLC13) was incorporated into a thermosensitive in situ gel using poloxamer 407 and carbopol gelling agent and evaluated for different parameters. The optimized in situ gel (AXT-NLC13G4) formulation showed excellent viscosity (2532 ± 18 Cps) at 37 °C and formed the gel at 28–34 °C. AXT-NLC13-G4 showed a sustained release of AXT (92.89 ± 3.98% in 12 h) compared to pure AXT (95.47 ± 2.76% in 4 h). The permeation flux through goat nasal mucosa of AXT from pure AXT and AXT-NLC13-G4 was 504.37 µg/cm2·h and 232.41 µg/cm2·h, respectively. AXT-NLC13-G4 intranasally displayed significantly higher absolute bioavailability of AXT (1.59-fold higher) than intravenous administration. AXT-NLC13-G4 intranasally showed 51.91% higher BTP than pure AXT (28.64%) when administered via the same route (intranasally). AXT-NLC13-G4 showed significantly higher BTE (207.92%) than pure AXT (140.14%) when administered intranasally, confirming that a high amount of the AXT reached the brain. With the disrupted performance induced by L-methionine, the AXT-NLC13-G4 showed significantly (p < 0.05) better activity than pure AXT as well as donepezil (standard). The finding concluded that NLC in situ gel is a novel carrier of AXT for improvement of brain delivery by the intranasal route and requires further investigation for more justification.

Background: Dengue is an acute infectious febrile illness characterised by thrombocytopenia and platelet dysfunction leading to bleeding manifestations. Vitamin B12 is required for platelet production in the bone marrow. So, deficiency of vitamin B12 in dengue patients can have severe thrombocytopenia. Aims and Objective: Study was aimed to know the clinical profile of dengue fever patients and to correlate serum vitamin B12 level with severity of thrombocytopenia, platelet transfusion and duration of hospital stay. Materials and Methods: This observational study was done on dengue patients for period of 3 months January 2020 to March 2020. Confirmed cases of dengue fever with NS 1 Ag positive & Ig M antibody positive were included in the study. Patient with sepsis, underlying malignancy, autoimmune disorder, hematological disorder, drugs causing thrombocytopenia were excluded from the study. Appropriate statistical methods were applied. Results: Total 50 subjects were included. Majority of subjects were in the age group 31 to 40 years. 50% were males and females respectively. Most common clinical feature was fever and bleeding manifestations. Mean Vitamin B12 was significantly lower among those with severe thrombocytopenia and highest among those with no thrombocytopenia., there was significant difference in mean Platelet transfusion and duration of hospital stay with respect to severity of Platelet count. Conclusion: Dengue fever patients with vitamin B 12 deficiency had moderate to severe thrombocytopenia and more bleeding manifestations. Those patients required more platelet transfusion and increased duration of hospital stay.

Abstract The tri-layer La $$_{3-3x}$$ 3 - 3 x Sr $$_{1+3x}$$ 1 + 3 x Mn $$_{3}$$ 3 O $$_{10}$$ 10 manganites of Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) series are naturally arranged layered structure with alternate stacking of ω-MnO $$_2$$ 2 (ω = 3) planes and rock-salt type block layers (La, Sr) $$_2$$ 2 O $$_2$$ 2 along c-axis. The dimensionality of the RP series manganites depends on the number of perovskite layers and significantly affects the magnetic and transport properties of the system. Generally, when a ferromagnetic material undergoes a magnetic phase transition from ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state, the magnetic moment of the system becomes zero above the transition temperature (T $$ _{C} $$ C ). However, the tri-layer La $$_{2.1}$$ 2.1 Sr $$_{1.9}$$ 1.9 Mn $$_{3}$$ 3 O $$_{10}$$ 10 shows non-zero magnetic moment above T $$ _{C} $$ C and also another transition at higher temperature T $$ ^{*} \approx $$ ∗ ≈ 263 K. The non-zero magnetization above T $$ _{C} $$ C emphasizes that the phase transition in tri-layer La $$_{2.1}$$ 2.1 Sr $$_{1.9}$$ 1.9 Mn $$_{3}$$ 3 O $$_{10}$$ 10 not a ferromagnetic to paramagnetic state. We show here the non-zero magnetic moment above T $$ _{C} $$ C is due to the quasi-two-dimensional nature of the tri-layer La $$_{2.1}$$ 2.1 Sr $$_{1.9}$$ 1.9 Mn $$_{3}$$ 3 O $$_{10}$$ 10 manganite. The scaling of the magnetic entropy change confirms the second-order phase transition and the critical behavior of phase transition has been studied around T $$_C$$ C to understand the low dimensional magnetism in tri-layer La $$_{2.1}$$ 2.1 Sr $$_{1.9}$$ 1.9 Mn $$_{3}$$ 3 O $$_{10}$$ 10 . We have obtained the critical exponents for tri-layer La $$_{2.1}$$ 2.1 Sr $$_{1.9}$$ 1.9 Mn $$_{3}$$ 3 O $$_{10}$$ 10 , which belong to the short-range two-dimensional (2D)-Ising universality class. The low dimensional magnetism in tri-layer La $$_{2.1}$$ 2.1 Sr $$_{1.9}$$ 1.9 Mn $$_{3}$$ 3 O $$_{10}$$ 10 manganite is also explained with the help of renormalization group theoretical approach for short-range 2D-Ising systems. It has been shown that the layered structure of tri-layer La $$_{2.1}$$ 2.1 Sr $$_{1.9}$$ 1.9 Mn $$_{3}$$ 3 O $$_{10}$$ 10 results in three different types of interactions intra-planer ( $$ J_{ab} $$ J ab ), intra-tri-layer ( $$ J_{c} $$ J c ) and inter-tri-layer ( $$ J' $$ J ′ ) such that $$ J_{ab}> J_{c}>> J' $$ J ab > J c > > J ′ and competition among these give rise to the canted antiferromagnetic spin structure above T $$ _{C} $$ C . Based on the similar magnetic interaction in bi-layer manganite, we propose that the tri-layer La $$_{2.1}$$ 2.1 Sr $$_{1.9}$$ 1.9 Mn $$_{3}$$ 3 O $$_{10}$$ 10 should be able to host the skyrmion below T $$ _{C} $$ C due to its strong anisotropy and layered structure.

Abstract Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of death in postmenopausal women. The activity of heart ACE increases whereas the activity of ACE-2 decreases after menopause. The present study was designed to investigate the role of ACE and ACE-2 in the abrogated cardioprotective effect of IPC in OVX rat heart. The heart was isolated from OVX rat and mounted on Langendorff’s apparatus for giving intermittent cycles of IPC. The infarct size was estimated using TTC stain, and coronary effluent was analyzed for LDH, CK-MB, and nitrite release. IPC induced cardioprotection was significantly attenuated in the ovariectomized rat heart as compared to the normal rat heart. However, this attenuated cardioprotection was significantly restored by perfusion of DIZE, an ACE-2 activator, and captopril, an ACE inhibitor, alone or in combination noted in terms of decrease in myocardial infarct size, the release of LDH and CK-MB, and also increase in the release of NO as compared to untreated OVX rat heart. Thus, it is suggested that DIZE and captopril, alone or in combination restore the attenuated cardioprotective effect of IPC in OVX rat heart which is due to an increase in ACE-2 activity and decrease in ACE activity after treatment.

Ecosystems worldwide face a serious and life-threatening water crisis due to water contamination. Nanotechnology offers a promising solution to this issue by providing methods for removing pollutants from aquatic sources. In this study, we utilized a green and simple approach to biosynthesize NiSe NPs using Hibiscus rosa-sinensis extract as the bio-source. The plant extract acts as a reducing, stabilizing, and capping agent in the synthesis process. A simple hydrothermal method was employed to blend the NiSe NPs photocatalysts. UV-Visible DRS spectroscopy was utilized to confirm the reduction in and stabilization of Ni2+ and Se2− ions. The resulting NiSe NPs have a bandgap of 1.74 eV, which facilitates electron and hole production on their surfaces. To characterize the functional groups on the NiSe NPs and their surface interactions with bio-compounds, FTIR spectroscopy was utilized. XRD analysis revealed the crystallite size of the NiSe NPs to be 24 nm, while FE-SEM and TEM imaging showed their spherical shape and material distribution. EDX spectroscopy confirmed the integrity of the NiSe NPs’ material. XPS analysis provided information on the chemical composition, nickel and selenium valency, and their interface. The efficacy of the NiSe NPs as a blended photocatalyst in photodegrading Methylene Blue (MB) dye was tested under visible light, resulting in 92% degradation. Furthermore, the NiSe NPs exhibited bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria due to their advanced oxidation and reduction in charge particles, which increased the degradation efficiency and suppressed cell proliferation. Based on the obtained findings, the NiSe NPs show promise as a powerful agent for water remediation and microbial resistance.

Abstract Ischemic postconditioning (IPTC) brings cardioprotection endogenously, Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) produces the same effect. It happens due to down expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Thus, experimental protocol associating IPTC has been formulated to find the role of ANP in the cardioprotection of heart in OVX rats. For this experiment, heart was isolated from OVX rat and held tightly on Langendorff’s apparatus in a manner that ischemia of 30 min and reperfusion of 120 min were also given. Simultaneously, IPTC with four cycles of 5 min ischemia and 5 min reperfusion of each was applied. Parameters like size of myocardial infarct, levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and release of creatine kinase- MB (CK-MB) in coronary effluent were noted after each stage of experiment for ensuring the extent of myocardial injury. Some significant changes were also seen in the histopathology of cardiovascular tissues. The cardio-protection has been made by four cycles of IPTC. It was confirmed by decline in the size of myocardial infarct. It diminishes the release of LDH and CK-MB in heart of OVX rat. Thus, IPTC induces cardio-protection in the isolated heart from OVX rat. Perfusion of ANP associating with IPTC favors the cardioprotection which is further confirmed by rise in the NO release and heart rate. The level of myocardial damage changes using IPTC, IPTC+OVX, IPTC+OVX+ANP, IPTC+ OVX+ANP+L-NAME and other groups were observed significantly and were found to be less than those in I/R control group. Thus, it is recommended that ANP involving IPTC restores attenuated cardio-protection in OVX rat heart. Therefore, Post-conditioning is useful in various clinical aspects.

Aeromonas species exhibit widespread presence in food, poultry, and aquaculture. They are major multi-drug-resistant fish pathogens. This study aims to identify Aeromonas species harbouring virulence genes aerolysin, flagellin, and lipase from diseased fishes of Assam wetlands with association with antibiotic resistance and in vivo pathogenicity. One hundred and thirty-four Aeromonas strains were isolated and thirty representative species identified using genus-specific 16S rRNA gene amplification. A. veronii was most prevalent (53.7%) followed by A. hydrophila (40.2%), A. caviae (4.47%), and A. dhakensis (1.49%). Ninety percent (90%) of strains harboured at least one of the studied virulence genes: aerA (73.3%), lip (46.6%), and flaA (26.6%). The highest multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index 0.8 corresponded to A. hydrophila DBTNE1 (MZ723069), containing all the studied genes. The lowest LD50 values (1.6 × 106 CFU/fish) corresponded to isolates having both aerA and lip. β-lactams showed utmost resistance and lowest for aminoglycosides. There was a significant (p < 0.05) Pearson chi-square test of association between the occurrence of virulence and antibiotic resistance. The in silico protein–protein interaction revealed important drug targets, such as σ28 transcription factor, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, and diacylglycerol kinase, with significant (p < 0.05) enrichment. This study suggests that fish-isolate Aeromonas strains represent potential threat to aquaculture with subsequent risk of transferring antibiotic resistance to human pathogens.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in a wide array of physiological and disease functions, yet knowledge of their role in colon cancer stem cell maintenance is still lacking. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying GPCR-induced post-translational signaling regulation are poorly understood. Here, we find that protease-activated receptor 4 (PAR4) unexpectedly acts as a potent oncogene, inducing β-catenin stability and transcriptional activity. Both PAR4 and PAR2 are able to drive the association of methyltransferase EZH2 with β-catenin, culminating in β-catenin methylation. This methylation on a lysine residue at the N-terminal portion of β-catenin suppresses the ubiquitination of β-catenin, thereby promoting PAR-induced β-catenin stability and transcriptional activity. Indeed, EZH2 is found to be directly correlated with high PAR4-driven tumors, and is abundantly expressed in large tumors, whereas very little to almost none is expressed in small tumors. A truncated form of β-catenin, ∆N133β-catenin, devoid of lysine, as well as serine/threonine residues, exhibits low levels of β-catenin and a markedly reduced transcriptional activity following PAR4 activation, in contrast to wt β-catenin. Our study demonstrates the importance of β-catenin lysine methylation in terms of its sustained expression and function. Taken together, we reveal that PAR-induced post-transcriptional regulation of β-catenin is centrally involved in colon cancer.

COVID-19 is an emerging viral disease affecting more than 200 countries worldwide and it present with varied clinical profile throughout the world. Without effective drugs to cure COVID-19, early identification and control of risk factors are important measures to combat COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the clinical profile and risk factors associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients in a tertiary care hospital in South India. This record-based longitudinal study was conducted by reviewing the case records of COVID-19 patients admitted for treatment from June 2020 to September 2020 in a tertiary care centre in South India. The clinical details, discharge/death details, were collected and entered in MS Excel. Potential risk factors for COVID-19 mortality were analysed using univariate binomial logistic regression, generalized linear models (GLM) with Poisson distribution. Survival curves were made using the Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test was used to test the equality of survivor functions between the groups. Out of 854 COVID-19 patients, 56.6% were men and the mean (standard deviation) age was 45.3(17.2) years. The median survival time was significantly lesser in male COVID-19 patients (16 days) as compared to female patients (20 days). Increasing age, male gender, patients presenting with symptoms of fever, cough, breathlessness, smoking, alcohol consumption, comorbidities were significantly associated with mortality among COVID-19 patients. Patients with older age, male gender, breathlessness, fever, cough, smoking and alcohol and comorbidities need careful observation and early intervention. Public health campaigns aimed at reducing the prevalence of risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, smoking and alcohol use are also needed.

Objective: The present study aimed to develop and optimize esomeprazole loaded proniosomes (EZL-PNs) to improve bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Method: EZL-PNs formulation was developed by slurry method and optimized by 33 box-Bhekhen statistical design software. Span 60 (surfactant), cholesterol, EZL concentration were taken as independent variables and their effects were evaluated on vesicle size (nm), entrapment efficiency (%, EE) and drug release (%, DR). Furthermore, optimized EZL-PNs (EZL-PNs-opt) formulation was evaluated for ex vivo permeation, pharmacokinetic and ulcer protection activity. Result: The EZL-PNs-opt formulation showed 616 ± 13.21 nm of vesicle size, and 81.21 ± 2.35% of EE. EZL-PNs-opt exhibited negative zeta potential and spherical confirmed scanning electron microscopy. EZL-PNs-opt showed sustained release of EZL (95.07 ± 2.10% in 12 h) than pure EZL dispersion. The ex-vivo gut permeation result exhibited a significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced flux than pure EZL. The in vivo results revealed 4.02-fold enhancement in bioavailability and 61.65% protection in ulcer than pure EZL dispersion (43.82%). Conclusion: Our findings revealed that EZL-PNs formulation could be an alternative delivery system of EZL to enhance oral bioavailability and antiulcer activity.

Introduction: Organ dysfunction due to sepsis is manifested as acute rise of 2 points in quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) score from baseline, which is assessed by: 1) Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) ≤100 mmHg; 2) Respiration Rate (RR) ≥22/min; 3) altered mentation, each having one point. For timely and specific management, an early diagnosis and stratification of severity of the sepsis is important. To predict the outcome of sepsis many scoring systems like SOFA, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), Mortality Prediction Model (MPM) have been developed. REMS is simple and feasible scoring system comprising of simple variables like, age in years, Pulse Rate (PR), RR, Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and SpO2 estimation. Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of REMS score and to validate its utility in patients with sepsis to predict mortality. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, cohort study conducted in the Department of Medicine of SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack. A total of 100 patients of sepsis admitted to medical wards and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Medicine department were included in the study. Vital parameters like PR, SBP, RR, GCS, SpO2 were noted. REMS score was calculated for patients with sepsis and septic shock, among survivors and non survivors. Primary outcome was either death or discharged. The observed data was statistically analysed for utility of REMS score in predicting mortality, which is the secondary outcome of the study. Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U test were used for comparing normally and non-normally distributed data respectively. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was done for all parameters in REMS. Results: The average age of the patients was 49 years (SD 14.5) with males and females almost equally distributed. Major source of infection were pneumonia (24%) followed by urinary tract infections (19%). REMS score was calculated on the day of admission of all 100 patients. It clearly distinguished survivors from non survivors (p

The essential role of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in tumor growth is recognized, yet a GPCR based drug in cancer is rare. Understanding the molecular path of a tumor driver gene may lead to the design and development of an effective drug. For example, in members of protease-activated receptor (PAR) family (e.g., PAR1 and PAR2), a novel PH-binding motif is allocated as critical for tumor growth. Animal models have indicated the generation of large tumors in the presence of PAR1 or PAR2 oncogenes. These tumors showed effective inhibition when the PH-binding motif was either modified or were inhibited by a specific inhibitor targeted to the PH-binding motif. In the second part of the review we discuss several aspects of some cardinal GPCRs in tumor angiogenesis.

The study deals with the synthesis and evaluation of some novel triazoles. Amine linked triazoles were prepared through multistep syntheses. 4-Iodobenzoic acid was taken as initial reactant material, which was converted into methyl ester, then to hydrazide and finally into triazole via dithiocarbazate salt. The triazole was treated with chloroacetyl chloride and further with secondary amines to get the title compounds. Structures of the synthesized compounds were elucidated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity. The study was carried out against four bacteria and three fungi by disc diffusion method using ciprofloxacin and fluconazole as reference drug for antibacterial and antifungal activities respectively. All the synthesized compounds exhibited zones of inhibition against Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum, but the inhibition was more prominent as shown by compound T83. Similarly antibacterial activity was studied against Staphylococcus aureus, Basillus subtilis, Psedomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Data revealed that compounds T81 and T83 were effective against the bacterial strains. Minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC) was also carried out to ascertain the bacteriostatic property of the test compounds.

Background: The prevalence of Aspergillus hypersensitivity (AH) and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) has been variably reported. Systematic data regarding Aspergillus sensitization and ABPA are lacking from this part of the country. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of AH and ABPA in Uttar Pradesh. Setting and Design: This was prospective observational study. All patients attending outpatient Department of Pulmonary Medicine of our institute were included in the study. Subjects and Methods: Consecutive asthmatic patients underwent screening for ABPA using Aspergillus skin test (AST). Those showing a positive response to AST were further evaluated for ABPA. Results: During the study, 350 patients (192 males, 158 females, mean ± standard deviation age: 38.3 ± 12.8) were screened with AST. One hundred and twenty-three patients (35.1%) were tested positive for AST and 21.7% of patients were diagnosed as ABPA. Conclusions: A high prevalence rate of ABPA was observed at our chest clinic. Although comparable with published data from other tertiary centers, it does not represent the true prevalence rates in asthmatics because of high chances of referral bias.