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Objectives Previous studies have reported beneficial effects of perioperative music on patients' anxiety and pain. We performed a systematic review and meta-Analysis of randomised controlled trials investigating music interventions in cardiac surgery. Methods Five electronic databases were systematically searched. Primary outcomes were patients' postoperative anxiety and pain. Secondary outcomes were hospital length of stay, opioid use, vital parameters and time on mechanical ventilation. PRISMA guidelines were followed and PROSPERO database registration was completed (CRD42020149733). A meta-Analysis was performed using random effects models and pooled standardised mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Twenty studies were included for qualitative analysis (1169 patients) and 16 (987 patients) for meta-Analysis. The first postoperative mus

We read with interest the letter to the editor by Stephenson et al regarding our article “Abdominal rectus muscle atrophy and midline shift after colostomy creation.” Any attempt to decrease the risk of parastomal herniation should be applauded, because its incidence of greater

Background Prospective data on risk factors and the incidence of inguinal hernia are sparse, especially in an elderly population. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of and risk factors for inguinal hernia. Methods We analyzed data from the Rotterdam Study, a prospective cohort study that observed the general population aged ≥45 years of Ommoord, a district in Rotterdam, from baseline (1990) over a period of >20 years. Diagnoses of inguinal hernia were obtained from hospital discharge records and records from general practitioners. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors for inguinal hernia development. Results Among 5,780 men, with a total of 50,802 person-years, who did not have a hernia at baseline, 416 cases of inguinal hernia (7.2%) occurred. The 20-year cumulative incidence was 14%. Age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for inguinal hernia for men relative to women was 12.4 (95% CI, 9.5-16.3; P <.001). On multivariate analysis, the risk of inguinal hernia increased with advancing age (HR per 1-year increase in age, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.04; P <.001). Participants with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-30 kg/m2 had an HR of 0.72 (95% CI, 0.58-0.89; P =.003) compared with a BMI of <25; a BMI of >30 had an associated HR of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.42-0.94; P =.025). Conclusion Inguinal hernia is common in the middle-aged and elderly male population and its incidence increases with advancing age. Overweight or obese patients have a lesser risk of developing an inguinal hernia.