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Jee Eun Lee Department of Business, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of KoreaCorrespondence: Jee Eun Lee, Department of Business, Korea University, 145, Anam-Ro, Seongbuk-Gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea, Email jelee89@korea.ac.krPurpose: Based on the attribution and appraisal theories of emotion, this study investigates whether a consumer’s frustration and anger after a service failure reduces in different ways after hearing explanations from different sources (other customer vs employee vs none) under different blame attribution circumstances (situational vs service provider), and its subsequent influence on complaining intention.Methods: In Study 1, valid data from 239 participants (46.9% female, Mage=35.6 years) were used to test the interaction effect of the explanation source and blame attribution on frustration and anger. In Study 2, using valid answers from 253 students at Korea University (57.9% female, Mage=20.9 years), Study 1 was replicated and, in addition, tested the moderated mediating impact on complaining intention. The overall theoretical model was tested with ANOVA and Hayes process model 8.Results: When blame attribution was situational, the employee’s explanation did not mitigate either frustration or anger, whereas the other customer’s explanation mitigated frustration but not anger. In contrast, when blame attribution was towards the service provider, the employee’s explanation mitigated both frustration and anger, whereas the other customer’s explanation mitigated only frustration. In addition, the mitigation of frustration and anger by other customers subsequently led to a decrease in complaining intention, which was stronger and only significant when blame attribution was situational. However, only anger acted as a mediator between the employee’s explanation and complaining intention, which did not vary according to blame attribution.Conclusion: The results of the study advance the current knowledge on informational support as a service recovery process by suggesting the crucial role of other consumers in mitigating the target customer’s frustration, especially under situational service failure, which successively leads to a decrease in complaining intention, whereas the employee’s explanation decreases complaining intention only through the mitigation of anger.Keywords: service recovery, other consumer’s explanation, employee’s explanation, frustration, anger

Supplemental Table 1 describes the adverse events with corresponding risk differences between treatment arms during induction of pivotal trial ALFA-0701.

On September 1, 2017, the FDA granted approval for gemtuzumab ozogamicin (Mylotarg; Pfizer Inc.) in combination with daunorubicin and cytarabine and as a monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with newly diagnosed CD33-positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Gemtuzumab ozogamicin is a CD33-targeted antibody–drug conjugate joined to calicheamicin. Approval of gemtuzumab ozogamicin combination treatment was based on a randomized trial of 271 patients with newly diagnosed AML treated with daunorubicin and cytarabine with or without 3 mg/m2 fractionated gemtuzumab ozogamicin, which resulted in an event-free survival (EFS) of 13.6 months for gemtuzumab ozogamicin + daunorubicin and cytarabine and 8.8 months for daunorubicin and cytarabine alone [HR = 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.51–0.91)]. Hemorrhage, prolonged thrombocytopenia, and veno-occlusive disease were serious toxicities that were more common in patients treated with gemtuzumab ozogamicin + daunorubicin and cytarabine. Approval of gemtuzumab ozogamicin monotherapy was based on a randomized trial of 237 patients with newly diagnosed AML treated without curative intent. Median overall survival (OS) was 4.9 months with gemtuzumab ozogamicin versus 3.6 months on best supportive care [HR = 0.69 (95% CI, 0.53–0.90)]. Adverse events were similar on both arms. Postapproval, several studies are required including evaluation of fractionated gemtuzumab ozogamicin pharmacokinetics, safety of combination gemtuzumab ozogamicin in the pediatric population, immunogenicity, and the effects of gemtuzumab ozogamicin on platelet function. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3242–6. ©2018 AACR.

Supplemental Table 4 and the accompanying text describe the grouped terms used for the adverse reactions described in Table 2 and the reasons for using grouped terms.

Supplemental Table 2 describes the adverse events with corresponding risk differences between treatment arms during consolidation 1 of pivotal trial ALFA-0701.

Supplemental Table 3 describes the adverse events with corresponding risk differences between treatment arms during consolidation 2 of pivotal trial ALFA-0701.

Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an inherited autosomal-dominant tumor-predisposition disorder caused by germline mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Since patients with LFS are likely to develop therapy-related cancers, radiation therapy should be avoided if breast cancer is found in these individuals. Herein, we present a case of secondary breast cancer in an LFS patient after radiation and chemotherapy for the first diagnosed breast sarcoma.

This paper investigates the mediating effects of relationship fairness factors between franchisors’ support services and franchisees’ performance. Fairness is measured using constructs of distributive, procedure, interaction, and information, franchisors’ support service is divided into initial support services and continuous support services, and performance (re-contract intention) is measured using re-contract, contract extension, and recommendation. Our findings are fourfold. First, initial support service has a significant impact on other fairness concerns, excluding distributive fairness, and support service improvement can increase perceived fairness in the franchisor–franchisee relationship. Second, procedural, and informational fairness have a positive and significant impact on franchisees’ re-contract intention. This indicates that information sharing between franchisors and franchisees must be transparent in accordance with consistent established procedures. Third, only information fairness is found to have a partial mediating effect between continuous support services and performance, and continuous support service indirectly positively affects re-contract intention through relationship fairness. Fourth, there are differences between global and domestic franchises in the impact of continuous support services on relationship fairness, as global franchises’ continuous support service appears to have a greater effect on the relationship fairness, which should be considered for global competitiveness.

Firm foot contact is the top priority of climbing robots to avoid catastrophic events, especially when working at height. This study proposes a robust planning and control framework for climbing robots that provides robustness to slippage in unknown environments. The framework includes 1) a center of mass (CoM) trajectory optimization under the estimated contact condition, 2) Kalman filter–like approach for uncertain environment parameter estimation and subsequent CoM trajectory re-planing, and 3) an online weight adaptation approach for whole-body control (WBC) framework that can adjust the ground reaction force (GRF) distribution in real time. Though the friction and adhesion characteristics are often assumed to be known, the presence of several factors that lead to a reduction in adhesion may cause critical problems for climbing robots. To address this issue safely and effectively, this study suggests estimating unknown contact parameters in real time and using the evaluated contact information to optimize climbing motion. Since slippage is a crucial behavior and requires instant recovery, the computation time for motion re-planning is also critical. The proposed CoM trajectory optimization algorithm achieved state-of-art fast computation via trajectory parameterization with several reasonable assumptions and linear algebra tricks. Last, an online weight adaptation approach is presented in the study to stabilize slippery motions within the WBC framework. This can help a robot to manage the slippage at the very last control step by redistributing the desired GRF. In order to verify the effectiveness of our method, we have tested our algorithm and provided benchmarks in simulation using a magnetic-legged climbing robot Manegto.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effects of fairness on relationship quality and re-contract intention in the foodservice franchise industry and this paper intends to delineate the implications of enhancing the mutual relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee in the future domestic foodservice franchise system.Design/methodology/approachTo prevent the lack of reliability and to pursue the internal consistency of the measurement model, this study adopted SPSS (Ver.20.0) and derived Cronbach’s alpha. Additionally, this study conducted a confirmatory factor analysis by using AMOS (Ver.20.0) program to assess the unidimensionality of measurements. Finally, structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesized research framework.FindingsThe results showed that distributive fairness and informational fairness increase the relationship quality, which franchisees perceive under the franchise system. Among the relationship quality factor, only the trust has a considerable impact on the (performance) re-contract intention. The effect of fairness on relationship quality does not show a statistically considerable difference between the two groups (global franchise vs domestic franchise). However, in terms of a global franchise, distributive fairness has a significant impact on relationship quality, whereas domestic franchise, distributive fairness directly affects performance (re-contract intention).Research limitations/implicationsThis study provides readers with an effect of fairness in the franchise system. Results obtained in this study are useful for understanding the fairness and relationship quality in the franchise system.Practical implicationsRecently, as the foodservice franchise market is experiencing significant growth, government and franchise-related agencies are making considerable effort to improve the relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee and to offer a better system and policy concerning the protection of consumers. Government and franchise agencies should develop an adequate policy to improve the relationship between the franchisor and the franchisee by breaking away from the imprudent support.Originality/valueThis study investigates whether fairness in the franchise system has a significant effect on the relationship quality and the performance (re-contract intention) and provides implication about the mutual growth between franchisor and franchisee to the potential food service franchise in Korea.

We tested the interactive effects of increased temperature and nutrient (ammonium, NH4+) levels on physiological properties such as photosynthetic rates, NH4+ uptake rates, relative growth rates, chlorophyll fluorescence, and tissue nutrient contents in Ulva linza Linnaeus. The experiments were conducted at four temperatures (LT, low temperature (15 °C); MT, medium temperature (20 °C); CT, control temperature (25 °C); and HT, high temperature (30 °C)) and three NH4+ concentrations (LN, low nutrient (4 μM); MN, medium nutrient (60 μM); and HN, high nutrient (120 μM)). The interaction between temperature and NH4+ levels influenced the photosynthetic rates, NH4+ uptake rates, relative growth rates, photosynthetic efficiency, tissue nitrogen contents, and C:N ratios in algal tissues. Temperature strongly affected the photosynthetic rates, NH4+ uptake rates, and photosynthetic efficiency. Nutrient enrichment increased the photosynthetic rates, nutrient uptake rates, relative growth rates, photosynthetic efficiency, tissue nitrogen contents, and tissue C:N ratios. Our study results could help understand the physiological responses of U. linza under future ocean environmental conditions such as ocean warming and eutrophication.

In this study, preclinical experiments were performed with an in-house developed prototypal photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD CT) system. The performance of the system was compared with the conventional energy-integrating detector (EID)-based CT, concerning the basic image quality biomarkers and the respective capacities for material separation. The pre- and the post-contrast axial images of a canine brain captured by the PCD CT and EID CT systems were found to be visually similar. Multi-energy images were acquired using the PCD CT system, and machine learning-based material decomposition was performed to segment the white and gray matters for the first time in soft tissue segmentation. Furthermore, to accommodate clinical applications that require high resolution acquisitions, a small, native, high-resolution (HR) detector was implemented on the PCD CT system, and its performance was evaluated based on animal experiments. The HR acquisition mode improved the spatial resolution and delineation of the fine structures in the canine’s nasal turbinates compared to the standard mode. Clinical applications that rely on high-spatial resolution expectedly will also benefit from this resolution-enhancing function. The results demonstrate the potential impact on the brain tissue segmentation, improved detection of the liver tumors, and capacity to reconstruct high-resolution images both preclinically and clinically.

The phagophore expands into autophagosomes in close proximity to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) exit sites (ERESs). Here, we propose that a single-pass ER transmembrane protein, SHISA5/SCOTIN, acts as an autophagy suppressor under basal condition by blocking the contact between the phagophore and ERES. HeLa cells lacking SHISA5 displayed higher levels of macroautophagy/autophagy. The enhanced autophagy in SHISA5 KO cells requires class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex I (PtdIns3K-C1) activity and functional assembly of ERES, but not ULK1 activity. A proximity ligation assay (PLA) of SEC16A (Sec16 homolog A, endoplasmic reticulum export factor)-WIPI2 (WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2) and SEC31A (Sec31 homolog A, COPII coat complex component)-MAP1LC3B/LC3B (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta) demonstrated that contact between the ERES and phagophore increased in SHISA5 KO cells, and the cytosolic domain of SHISA5 was sufficient to rescue this phenotype. Close proximity between ERES and phagophore in SHISA5 KO cells was also visualized by performing an ultrastructure correlative image analysis of SEC31A associated with LC3-positive membranes. Furthermore, we observed that SHISA5 was located near ERES under basal conditions, but displaced away from ERES under autophagy-inducing conditions. These data suggest that SHISA5 functions to block spontaneous contact between ERES and phagophore, and the blockage effect of SHISA5 should be relieved for the proper induction of autophagy. ABBREVIATIONS: ATG2: autophagy related 2; BECN1: beclin 1; COPII: coat protein II; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; EBSS: Earle’s balanced salt solution; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; ERES: ER exit site(s); GFP: green fluorescent protein; H89: H-89 dihydrochloride hydrate; LAMP1: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NS5A: nonstructural protein 5A; PIK3C3/VPS34: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 3; PLA: proximity ligation assay; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylionositol-3-phosphate; RB1CC1/FIP200: RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1; RFP: red fluorescent protein; RPS6KB1/S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SBP: streptavidin binding protein; SEC16A: SEC16 homolog A, endoplasmic reticulum export factor; SEC31A: SEC31 homolog A, COPII coat complex component; siRNA: small interfering RNA; Str: streptavidin; ULK1: unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1; VSVG: vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein; WIPI2: WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 2; WT: wild type

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer among both men and women worldwide. New therapeutic strategies involving cytoreductive surgery and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy could lead to a definitive cure in some cases. However, postoperative intra-abdominal adhesion can cause further complications. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA)- and carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMCNa)-based novel cross-linked hydrogels (HC hydrogels) were synthesized and fully characterized. We demonstrated that varied compositions of HA and CMCNa altered the microstructure, rheology, and degradation behavior of hydrogels. Pre-constructed hydrogels were further loaded with oxaliplatin to prevent intra-abdominal adhesion following chemotherapy. Sustained release of oxaliplatin was observed from hydrogels compared that from solutions, which release drugs through diffusion, following the Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. Moreover, low adhesion scores in an in vivo SD rat model demonstrated inhibition of intra-peritoneal adhesion in response to HC hydrogels. Therefore, HC hydrogels offer a novel formulation strategy for providing an intra-abdominal anti-adhesion barrier after cytoreductive surgery and intra-peritoneal chemotherapy for CRC treatment.

Previous single-center or meta-analysis studies analyzed myocardial I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (I-MIBG) scintigraphy in a single image session and demonstrated low sensitivity and high specificity for discriminating Parkinson disease (PD) from atypical Parkinsonian syndromes (APS). This study aimed to assess diagnostic ability of myocardial I-MIBG scintigraphy at 2 phases to discriminate PD from APS.This hospital-based prospective study enrolled 162 PD and 26 APS patients who underwent 2 sequential I-MIBG scintigraphy evaluations. Patients were stratified into normal and decreased I-MIBG groups according to early and delayed heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratios. Patients with PD and normal I-MIBG uptake (initial delayed H/M ratio, ≥1.78) were considered scans without evidence of cardiac norepinephrine deficit (SWEND). Early and delayed H/M ratios on the initial and 2-year follow-up scintigraphs were studied. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were calculated from these confusion matrices and were analyzed according to receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis. A repeated-measures general linear model was used to investigate differences among groups over time in H/M ratio changes and washout rates.Follow-up I-MIBG scintigraphy analysis had a higher diagnostic sensitivity (89.5%) than the initial imaging (72.2%). The improved sensitivity was associated with a steeper decrease in H/M ratio in the SWEND group than in the APS group.Follow-up I-MIBG scintigraphy can identify cardiac sympathetic denervation and its progression in patients with PD and may be effective in discriminating PD from APS. A later decrease in myocardial I-MIBG uptake in the group with SWEND meets the Braak staging threshold hypothesis for synucleinopathy.

Background: To evaluate how artificial intelligence-based computer-assisted diagnosis (AI-CAD) for breast ultrasound (US) influences diagnostic performance and agreements between radiologists with varying experience levels in different workflows.Methods: From Apr 2017 to Jun 2018, images of 492 breast lesions (200 malignant and 292 benign masses) in 472 women were included. Six radiologists (3 inexperienced with < 1 year of experience, 3 experienced with 10-15 years of experience) individually reviewed US images with and without the aid of AI-CAD, first in sequential and then in independent reading. Diagnostic performances and interobserver agreements were calculated and compared between radiologists and AI-CAD. Results: After implementing AI-CAD, specificity, PPV and accuracy significantly improved, regardless of experience and workflow (all P<0.001, respectively). Overall area under the receiving operator characteristics curve (AUC) significantly increased in independent reading, but only for inexperienced radiologists. Agreements for BI-RADS descriptors generally increased when AI-CAD was used (κ=0.29-0.63 to 0.35-0.73). Inexperienced radiologists tended to concede to AI-CAD results more easily than experienced radiologists, especially in independent reading (PP<0.001) for both inexperienced and experienced radiologists. Conclusions: Using AI-CAD to interpret breast US improves the specificity, PPV and accuracy of radiologists regardless of experience level. AI-CAD may work better in independent reading to improve diagnostic performance and agreements between radiologists, especially for inexperienced radiologists.Trial registration: retrospectively registered

Background Urinary dysfunction is relatively common, however, is often underestimated and diagnosed by subjective questionnaires in patients with Parkinsonism. Objective To determine the correlation between subjective urinary dysfunction and post-void residual urine volume in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple system atrophy (MSA) and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and to assess the relationship between clinical characteristics and subjective or objective urinary dysfunction. Methods A total of 196 patients with de novo Parkinsonism without urological and gynecological disorders were included. For all subjects, data were collected on sonographic post-void residual urine volume and urinary symptoms. All patients were also assessed on motor symptom severity, cognitive and affective measurements, other nonmotor symptoms, 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire, and renal functions. Results Seventeen out of 196 parkinsonian patients showed abnormal post-void residual urine volumes, with ≥100 ml. The MSA group showed significantly higher post-void residual urine volume compared to the PD and PSP groups. Symptoms of the sense of incomplete emptying, weak urine stream, and nocturia were strongly correlated with post-void residual urine volume. Post-void residual urine volume was positively related to autonomic symptoms, other non-motor symptoms, patient activities of daily living, and negatively related to renal function. Conclusion Increased post-void residual urine volumes were observed in small portion of early drug-naive Parkinsonian patients, especially in MSA. Post-void residual urine volume was significantly related to subjective urinary and other autonomic dysfunctions. Voiding dysfunction is associated with not only end organ damage, but also other nonmotor dysfunctions and patient activities of daily living.