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International audience; This work describes a process approach to study the oil leakage phenomenon in feeds for large Trout. Using a pilot vacuum coater, four experimental coating parameters were studied (stirring speed, pressure, filling rate, and time needed to restore atmospheric pressure) through an experimental design. The properties measured on the coated pellets were the oil leakage rate and three other important usage properties, i.e. durability, hardness, and floatability. The coating conditions had a significant influence on oil leakage rate, varying at 40 °C from 2.7 % to 1.2 % depending on the coating conditions used. Finally, the vacuum level was the most effective factor in reducing leakage. Indeed, a progressive reduction in oil leakage rate was observed as the pressure inside the coater was reduced during coating.

Cigarette smoking is accepted as an important factor that increases the risk for the initiation and progress of chronic periodontitis. However, the effect of cigarette smoking on the recurrence of disease in patients undergoing regular maintenance therapy is less understood. Therefore, we set out to assess disease progression longitudinally in smoking and non-smoking subjects with chronic periodontitis undergoing periodontal maintenance therapy every 3 to 4 months.A total of 108 subjects undergoing regular maintenance therapy for chronic periodontitis were followed over a 3-year period. Self-reports of smoking status were confirmed by analysis of exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations. Clinical parameters (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], clinical attachment loss [CAL], probing depth [PD], and tooth loss) were recorded at yearly reevaluation visits. The study was carried out in a university hospital setting.Longitudinal measurements were obtained from 81 (75%) subjects. There were no differences in inflammatory indices at baseline or over time (PI and BOP; both P0.05) between smokers (N = 16; age: 54 +/- 6 years) and non-smokers (N = 65; age: 59 +/- 14 years). Likewise, there was no difference between the smoking groups with respect to disease progression (measured as changes in prevalence [number] and proportion [percentage] of progressing sites and as mean CAL, PD, and tooth loss; all P0.05).In this small population, regular maintenance treatment in a cross-section of highly motivated subjects with chronic periodontitis seemed to be equally successful in preventing progressive periodontal tissue destruction in current smokers and current non-smokers.

The COMMIT/CCS-2 trial, published in 2005, demonstrated no net benefit of early β-blocker (BB) therapy in acute coronary syndromes (ACS). We sought to assess the short-term impact of this landmark trial by comparing the use of early BB therapy in patients with a broad spectrum of ACS before and after 2005.Using data from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events and Canadian Registry of Acute Coronary Events, we compared the rates of BB use within the first 24 hours of presentation in the periods 1999 to 2005 and 2006 to 2008, after stratifying patients by the type of ACS (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and non-ST-segment elevation ACS [NSTEACS]) and clinical presentation.Of the 14,231 patients with ACS, 77.7% received BB therapy within 24 hours of presentation (78.5% and 77.4% in the STEMI and NSTEACS groups, respectively). The early use of BB declined in the STEMI group (80.3% to 76.7%, P = .005) but increased in the NSTEACS group (75.4% to 78.9%, P.001) after 2005. Long-term BB use, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher heart rate were independent predictors of early BB use. Conversely, patients who were female, older, Killip class1, and had cardiac arrest at presentation were less likely to receive early BB. Multivariable analysis showed a trend toward lower use of BB among patients with STEMI (adjusted odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.57-1.00, P = .055) and a trend toward more frequent BB use among patients with NSTEACS (adjusted odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 0.96-1.55, P = .11) after 2005. The temporal trends in the early use of BB differed between patients with STEMI and patients with NSTEACS (P for interaction with period.001).Most patients with STEMI or NSTEACS were treated with early BB therapy. In accordance with the COMMMIT/CCS-2 trial, patients with lower systolic blood pressure and higher Killip class in the "real world" less frequently received early BB therapy. Since the publication of COMMIT/CCS-2, there has been no significant change in the use of BB in patients with STEMI or NSTEACS after controlling for their clinical characteristics.

Les mouvements pedagogiques dans leur ensemble et dans la diversite de leur champ d'application representent une somme de pratiques, d'experiences, de reflexions qui meritent d'etre prise en consideration. Longtemps, ils ont ete porteurs d'innovation avant que celle-ci s'institutionnalise et s'inscrive de plus en plus dans des dispositifs inities par les ministeres. Sur un theme consacre a l'innovation et a la mise en reseau, il semble logique qu'ils y apportent leur contribution