Author: "Jean-Michel Chardigny" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Rapeseed oil fortified with micronutrients can reduce glucose intolerance during a high fat challenge in rats

Author: Frederic Capel, Alain Geloen, Carole Vaysse, Gaelle Pineau, Luc Demaison, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Marie-Caroline Michalski, and Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
Subjects: Fatty acids, Rapeseed oil, Micronutrients, Metabolic syndrome, Obesity, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract: Abstract Background Better choices of dietary lipid sources and substitution of refined by fortified oils could reduce the intake of saturated fatty acids (FA) and increase the intake of omega 3 FA concomitantly to healthy bioactive compounds. Methods The development of obesity and metabolic disturbances was explored in rats fed during 11 weeks with a high fat diet (HFD) in which the amount of saturated and polyunsaturated FA was respectively reduced and increased, using rapeseed oil as lipid source. This oil was used in a refined form (R) or fortified (10 fold increase in concentration) with endogenous micronutrients (coenzyme Q10 + tocopherol only (RF) only and also with canolol (RFC)). The effect of substituting palm by rapeseed oil was analysed using a student t test, oil fortification was analysed using ANOVA statistical test. Results Despite a similar weight gain, diets R, RF and RFC improved glucose tolerance (+ 10%) of the rats compared to a standard HFD with palm and sunflower oils as lipid source. Plasma glucose was lowered in RF and RFC groups (− 15 and 23% respectively), although triacylglycerol level was only reduced in group RFC (− 33%) compared to R. The fortification with canolol promoted the activation of Akt and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue respectively. Canolol supplementation also led to reduce p38 MAPK activation in skeletal muscle. Conclusions This study suggests that the presence of endogenous micronutrients in rapeseed oil promotes cellular adaptations to reverse glucose intolerance and improve the metabolism of insulin sensitive tissues.
Published: 2018
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2. Dietary canolol protects the heart against the deleterious effects induced by the association of rapeseed oil, vitamin E and coenzyme Q10 in the context of a high-fat diet

Author: Thibault Leger, Isabelle Hininger-Favier, Frédéric Capel, Alain Geloen, Jean-Paul Rigaudière, Chrystèle Jouve, Elodie Pitois, Gaelle Pineau, Carole Vaysse, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Marie-Caroline Michalski, Corinne Malpuech-Brugère, and Luc Demaison
Subjects: Heart, Rapeseed oil, ω3 PUFAs, Antioxidant, Canolol, Obesity, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract: Abstract Background Obesity progressively leads to cardiac failure. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been shown to have cardio-protective effects in numerous pathological situations. It is not known whether rapeseed oil, which contains α-linolenic acid (ALA), has a similar protective effect. Omega-3 PUFAs are sensitive to attack by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lipid peroxidation products could damage cardiac cells. We thus tested whether dietary refined rapeseed oil (RSO) associated with or without different antioxidants (vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 and canolol) is cardio-protective in a situation of abdominal obesity. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were subdivided into 5 groups. Each group was fed a specific diet for 11 weeks: a low-fat diet (3% of lipids, C diet) with compositionally-balanced PUFAs; a high-fat diet rich in palm oil (30% of lipids, PS diet); the PS diet in which 40% of lipids were replaced by RSO (R diet); the R diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamin E (RTC diet); and the RTC diet supplemented with canolol (RTCC diet). At the end of the diet period, the rats were sacrificed and the heart was collected and immediately frozen. Fatty acid composition of cardiac phospholipids was then determined. Several features of cardiac function (fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis) were also estimated. Results Abdominal obesity reduced cardiac oxidative stress and apoptosis rate by increasing the proportion of arachidonic acid (AA) in membrane phospholipids. Dietary RSO had the same effect, though it normalized the proportion of AA. Adding vitamin E and CoQ10 in the RSO-rich high fat diet had a deleterious effect, increasing fibrosis by increasing angiotensin-2 receptor-1b (Ag2R-1b) mRNA expression. Overexpression of these receptors triggers coronary vasoconstriction, which probably induced ischemia. Canolol supplementation counteracted this deleterious effect by reducing coronary vasoconstriction. Conclusion Canolol was found to counteract the fibrotic effects of vitamin E + CoQ10 on cardiac fibrosis in the context of a high-fat diet enriched with RSO. This effect occurred through a restoration of cardiac Ag2R-1b mRNA expression and decreased ischemia.
Published: 2018
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3. Pulses for Sustainability: Breaking Agriculture and Food Sectors Out of Lock-In

Author: Marie-Benoit Magrini, Marc Anton, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Gerard Duc, Michel Duru, Marie-Helene Jeuffroy, Jean-Marc Meynard, Valerie Micard, and Stephane Walrand
Subjects: agrifood transition, lock-in, innovation, cropping system, consumer, food behavior, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract: Crop diversification can improve the sustainability of Western agriculture. In particular, pulses are crops that can help both agriculture and the food industry become more ecological, as they reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help reduce animal-based consumption. Today, however, the development of these crops in Europe has been hindered due to lock-in, since major crops have been co-developed to a greater extent in farming and food systems. After briefly reviewing the major mechanisms that lead to this lock-in, this article adopts a co-evolution framework to address the interconnected transition of agriculture and food systems. We explore how current societal trends in the agrifood system offer new opportunities for pulses, and how simultaneous changes both in production and consumption can facilitate this dual transition. Drawing on insights from the literature and interviews with stakeholders in France—taken here as examples—we argue that to develop pulses, strong support is required from public institutions to coordinate and guide the multiple actors involved in the same direction.
Published: 2018
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4. LXR and ABCA1 control cholesterol homeostasis in the proximal mouse epididymis in a cell-specific manner

Author: Aurélia Ouvrier, Rémi Cadet, Patrick Vernet, Brigitte Laillet, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Jean-Marc A. Lobaccaro, Joël R. Drevet, and Fabrice Saez
Subjects: apical cells, ATP-binding cassette G1, scavenger receptor B1, liver X receptors, ATP binding cassette transporter, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: Mammalian spermatozoa undergo important plasma membrane maturation steps during epididymal transit. Among these, changes in lipids and cholesterol are of particular interest as they are necessary for fertilization. However, molecular mechanisms regulating these transformations inside the epididymis are still poorly understood. Liver X receptors (LXRs), the nuclear receptors for oxysterols, are of major importance in intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, and LXR−/−-deficient male mice have already been shown to have reduced fertility at an age of 5 months and complete sterility for 9-month-old animals. This sterility phenotype is associated with testes and caput epididymides epithelial defects. The research presented here was aimed at investigating how LXRs act in the male caput epididymidis by analyzing key actors in cholesterol homeostasis. We show that accumulation of cholesteryl esters in LXR−/− male mice is associated with a specific loss of ABCA1 and an increase in apoptosis of apical cells of the proximal caput epididymidis. ATP-binding cassette G1 (ABCG1) and scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1), two other cholesterol transporters, show little if any modifications. Our study also revealed that SR-B1 appears to have a peculiar expression pattern along the epididymal duct. These results should help in understanding the functional roles of LXR in cholesterol trafficking processes in caput epididymidis.
Published: 2009
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5. Effects of trans MUFA from dairy and industrial sources on muscle mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity

Author: Anne-Laure Tardy, Christophe Giraudet, Paulette Rousset, Jean-Paul Rigaudière, Brigitte Laillet, Sandrine Chalancon, Jérôme Salles, Olivier Loreau, Jean-Michel Chardigny, and Béatrice Morio
Subjects: nutrition, diabetes, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, dairy fat, hydrogenated oil, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic consumption of trans MUFA may alter muscle insulin sensitivity. The major sources of dietary trans MUFA (dairy fat vs. industrially hydrogenated oils) have different isomeric profiles and thus probably different metabolic consequences. These effects may involve alterations in muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity, which may in turn promote insulin resistance if fatty acid oxidation is reduced. We report that in Wistar rats, an 8 week diet enriched (4% of energy intake) in either dairy, industrial, or control MUFA did not alter insulin and glucose responses to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (1g/kg). In C2C12 myotubes, vaccenic and elaidic acids did not modify insulin sensitivity compared with oleic acid. Furthermore, the ex vivo total, mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation rates of [1-14C]oleic, vaccenic, and elaidic acids were similar in soleus and tibialis anterior rat muscle. Finally, an 8 week diet enriched in either dairy or industrial trans MUFA did not alter mitochondrial oxidative capacity in these two muscles compared with control MUFA but did induce a specific reduction in soleus mitochondrial ATP and superoxide anion production (P < 0.01 vs. control). In conclusion, dietary trans MUFA of dairy or industrial origin have similar effects and do not impair muscle mitochondrial capacity and insulin sensitivity.
Published: 2008
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6. Upregulation of liver VLDL receptor and FAT/CD36 expression in LDLR−/− apoB100/100 mice fed trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid1

Author: Pascal Degrace, Bastien Moindrot, Ismaël Mohamed, Joseph Gresti, Zhen-Yu Du, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Jean-Louis Sébédio, and Pierre Clouet
Subjects: liver steatosis, low density lipoprotein receptor, triglyceride, lipoatrophy, lipoprotein, fatty acid translocase, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: This study explores the mechanisms responsible for the fatty liver setup in mice fed trans-10,cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid (t10c12 CLA), hypothesizing that an induction of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) expression is associated with lipid accumulation. To this end, the effects of t10c12 CLA treatment on lipid parameters, serum lipoproteins, and expression of liver lipid receptors were measured in LDLR−/− apoB100/100 mice as a model of human familial hypercholesterolemia itself depleted of LDLR. Mice were fed t10c12 CLA over 2 or 4 weeks. We first observed that the treatment induced liver steatosis, even in the absence of LDLR. Mice treated for 2 weeks exhibited hypertriglyceridemia with high levels of VLDL and HDL, whereas a 4 week treatment inversely induced a reduction of serum triglycerides (TGs), essentially through a decrease in VLDL levels. In the absence of LDLR, the mRNA levels of other proteins, such as VLDL receptor, lipoprotein lipase, and fatty acid translocase, usually not expressed in the liver, were upregulated, suggesting their involvement in the steatosis setup and lipoprotein clearance. The data also suggest that the TG-lowering effect induced by t10c12 CLA treatment was attributable to both the reduction of circulating free fatty acids in response to the severe lipoatrophy and the high capacity of liver to clear off plasma lipids.
Published: 2006
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7. Conjugated linoleic acid isomers in mitochondria

Author: Laurent Demizieux, Pascal Degrace, Joseph Gresti, Olivier Loreau, Jean-Pierre Noël, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Jean-Louis Sébédio, and Pierre Clouet
Subjects: CLA, respiration, acyl-CoA synthetase, carnitine, CAT-I, CAT-II, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: The beneficial effects exerted by low amounts of conjugated linoleic acids (C222222237) suggest that CLA are maximally conserved and raise the question about their mitochondrial oxidizability. Cis-9,trans-11-C18:2 (CLA1) and trans-10,cis-12-C18:2 (CLA2) were compared to cis-9,cis-12-C18:2 (linoleic acid; LA) and cis-9-C16:1 (palmitoleic acid; PA), as substrates for total fatty acid (FA) oxidation and for the enzymatic steps required for the entry of FA into rat liver mitochondria. Oxygen consumption rate was lowest when CLA1 was used as a substrate with that on CLA2 being intermediate between it and the respiration on LA and PA. The order of the radiolabeled FA oxidation rate was PA >> LA > CLA2 > CLA1. Transesterification to acylcarnitines of the octadecadienoic acids were similar, while uptake across inner membranes of CLA1 and, to a lesser extent, of CLA2 was greater than that of LA or PA. Prior oxidation of CLA1 or CLA2 made re-isolated mitochondria much less capable of oxidising PA or LA under carnitine-dependent conditions, but without altering the carnitine-independent oxidation of octanoic acid.Therefore, the CLA studied appeared to be both poorly oxidizable and capable of interfering with the oxidation of usual FA at a step close to the beginning of the β-oxidative cycle.
Published: 2002
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8. Desaturation and chain elongation of [1-14C]mono-trans isomers of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in perfused rat liver

Author: Lionel Bretillon, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Jean-Pierre Noël, and Jean-Louis Sébédio
Subjects: trans polyunsaturated fatty acids, desaturation, elongation, Biochemistry, QD415-436
Abstract: Trans polyunsaturated fatty acids are produced during heat treatment of oils, such as deodorization and frying. The detailed metabolic pathways of these trans isomers are not fully understood. In the present work, the desaturation and chain elongation of [1-14C]linoleic acid, 9cis,12trans-18:2, 9trans,12cis-18:2, α-linolenic acid, 9cis, 12cis,15trans-18:3 and 9trans,12cis,15cis-18:3 were studied using a perfused rat liver model. After perfusion with both trans isomers of 18:2n–6, the 14C was equally distributed between phospholipids and triacylglycerols, compared to the 70:30 distribution (phospholipids:triacylglycerols) observed after infusing linoleic acid. The corresponding distribution of 14C after perfusion with both trans isomers of 18:3n–3 was comparable to what was obtained for α-linolenic acid. The products of conversion were analyzed by combination of different radio chromatographic methods. 9cis,12trans-18:2 was 16 times more converted into a C18:3n–6 fatty acid than linoleic acid into γ-linolenic acid. Trans-18:2 isomers were more elongated into “dead-end products” when compared to the conversion of linoleic acid into 20:2n–6 (from 2- to 5-times more). 9cis,12cis,15trans-18:3 and 9trans,12cis, 15cis-18:3 were 2- and 10-times less converted to trans-20:5, respectively, than α-linolenic acid into eicosapentaenoic acid. Moreover, 9cis,12cis,15trans-18:3 and 9trans,12cis, 15cis-18:3 were equally and 2.5-times more elongated into “dead-end products”, respectively, than α-linolenic acid into 20:3n–3. The partitioning of the conversion between formation of desaturated and chain elongated products on the one hand and production of “dead-end products” on the other was also calculated. Compared to their cis analogs, 9trans,12cis-18:2 and 9trans,12cis,15cis-18:3 were elongated into trans “dead-end products” rather than being converted to desaturated and chain elongated trans-metabolites. On the other hand 9cis,12cis,15trans-18:3 was more desaturated and chain elongated into 17trans 20:5 rather than elongated into 17trans-20:3. —Bretillon, L., J-M. Chardigny, J-P. Noël, and J-L. Sébédio. Desaturation and chain elongation of [1-14C]mono-trans isomers of linoleic and α-linolenic acids in perfused rat liver. J. Lipid Res. 1998. 39: 2228–2236.
Published: 1998
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9. Des insectes au menu ?: Ce qui va changer dans mon alimentation au Quotidien

Author: Vincent Albouy, Jean-Michel Chardigny and Vincent Albouy, Jean-Michel Chardigny
Published: 2016

10. The effect of camelina oil on vascular function in essential hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study

Author: Robinson Joannides, Béatrice Morio, Alessandra Bura-Rivière, Jacques Amar, Julie Malloizel-Delaunay, Frédéric Bounoure, A.-F. Cailleux, Jean-Paul Rigaudière, Brigitte Laillet, Michele Iacob, Anne Blanchard, Christelle Monteil, Bruno Pannier, Aude Coquard, Erwan Bozec, Cathy Vendeville, Hakim Khettab, Bellien Jeremy, Nathalie Donnadieu, Alain Mercier, Mohamed Skiba, Léopold Fezeu, Jean-Michel Chardigny, and Pierre Boutouyrie
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous), Context (language use), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Essential hypertension, Carotid Intima-Media Thickness, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin resistance, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, medicine, Humans, Metabolic Syndrome, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, business.industry, alpha-Linolenic acid, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Camelina, Endocrinology, chemistry, Hypertension, Homeostatic model assessment, Metabolic syndrome, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND The effects of a dietary supplementation with the vegetable omega-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA) on cardiovascular homeostasis are unclear. In this context, it would be interesting to assess the effects of camelina oil. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of camelina oil in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome. METHODS In a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study, treated essential hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome received during 6 months either cyclodextrin-complexed camelina oil containing ≈ 1.5 g ALA/day (n = 40), or an isocaloric placebo (n = 41), consisting in the same quantity of cyclodextrins and wheat starch. Anthropometric data, plasma lipids, glycemia, insulinemia, creatininemia, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and n-3, n-6 and n-9 fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes were measured. Peripheral and central blood pressures, arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness and brachial artery endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation and endothelium-independent dilatation were assessed. RESULTS Compared to placebo, camelina oil increased ALA (mean ± SD: 0 ± 0.04 vs. 0.08 ± 0.06%, P
Published: 2021

11. Cartographie des sciences de l'alimentation au travers des publications académiques(1980-2018): vers quelles innovations les connaissances scientifiques orientent les légumineuses à graines en Europe ?

Author: Tristan Salord, Marie-Benoît Magrini, Guillaume Cabanac, Marie-Josephe Amiot-Carlin, Marc Anton, Adeline Boire, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Matteo Lascialfari, Valérie Micard, Christophe Nguyen-the, Stéphane Walrand, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Recherche d’Information et Synthèse d’Information (IRIT-IRIS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction Partenariat et Transfert pour l'Innovation (DPTI), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Valérie Bonnet (Université de Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier), Annette Burguet (Université de Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier), Guillaume Cabanac (Université de Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier), Lucie Loubère (Université de Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier), Pascal Marchand (Université de Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier), Daniel Pélissier (Université de Toulouse 1 - Capitole), Gaël Plumecoq (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Pierre Ratinaud (Université de Toulouse 2 - Jean Jaurès), Julie Renard (Université de Toulouse 2 - Jean Jaurès), Natacha Souillard (Université de Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: [INFO.INFO-TT]Computer Science [cs]/Document and Text Processing, scientometry, [SHS.SOCIO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Sociology, Grain legumes, agrifood research, bibliographic data, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, scientometrics, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Innovation Studies
Abstract: International audience; Pulses are essential for the sustainability transition of agrifood system. Their nutritional values allow animalbased protein intake reduction and contribute to healthy diets. Moreover, increasing their cultivation reduces fertilizers' uses and so, greenhouse gases emissions. But in high-income countries, and particularly in Europe, pulses consumption is very low. Previous works explained the mechanisms that led to a strong lock-in on pulses compared to the development of major crops, calling for stronger research and innovation to develop alternative food based on pulses. Food innovation remains strongly linked to the scientific knowledge and understanding how research output could sustain food innovation dynamics for sustainability is challenging. Mobilising scientometrics, STS Science and Technology Studies(STS) and Food Sciences and Technology(FST) scholars, the aim of this interdisciplinary study is to conduct a first map of the pulses FST. Describing what are the main issues tackled by FST on pulses will give to stakeholders a better understanding of the opportunities and expectations that could emerge in the development of a new food industry sector on pulses, as it will help academic research to identify specific field of interest to invest into. We considered 16 main pulses to build a dataset of more than 2,000 scholarly publications including at least one European author(articles, book, book chapters, and reviews) between 1980 and 2018, retrieved from the Web of Knowledge(Clarivate Analytics). Based on "natural language processing" clusterisation method we defined the main research themes structuring of the FST on pulses. We show that pulses have become a specific subfield of interest for FST in Europe, organized around of a great variety of subjects, and we focus on identifying the current gaps and opportunities to question science and innovation policies for pulses.
Published: 2020

12. Peer-Reviewed Literature on Grain Legume Species in the WoS (1980–2018): A Comparative Analysis of Soybean and Pulses

Author: Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy, Christophe Nguyen-The, Laurent Bedoussac, Alain Baranger, Hervé Juin, Valérie Micard, Tristan Salord, Marie-Josèphe Amiot, Marc Anton, Guillaume Cabanac, Marie-Benoît Magrini, Matteo Lascialfari, Dominique Millot, Gaëlle Arvisenet, Gérard Duc, Hugues Leiser, Anne-Sophie Voisin, Gaël Plumecocq, Marie-Laure Pilet-Nayel, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Etienne-Pascal Journet, Stéphane Walrand, Jacques Wery, Colette Larré, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Recherche d’Information et Synthèse d’Information (IRIT-IRIS), Institut de recherche en informatique de Toulouse (IRIT), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Marchés, Organisations, Institutions et Stratégies d'Acteurs (UMR MOISA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire des interactions plantes micro-organismes (LIPM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Elevage Alternatif et Santé des Monogastriques (UE EASM), DIST Délégation Information Scientifique et Technique (DV-IST), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sécurité et Qualité des Produits d'Origine Végétale (SQPOV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Avignon Université (AU), International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas [Jordanie] (ICARDA), Groupe Filière Légumineuses, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, European Project: 727672,LEGVALUE(2017), Innovations, Organisations et Dynamiques agro-industrielles, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux (LEREPS), Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École nationale d'ingénieurs des techniques des industries agricoles et alimentaires (ENITIAA), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Solidarités, Sociétés, Territoires (LISST), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), 727672, H2020 European Research Council, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, and Magrini, Marie-Benoît
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, bibliometric data, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, légumineuse, scientometrics, Agricultural economics, Field (computer science), 03 medical and health sciences, science and technology studies (STS), knowledge dynamics, Food and Nutrition, Production (economics), research trajectories, bibliométrie, 2. Zero hunger, agricultural sciences, 0303 health sciences, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, publication scientifique, Subject (documents), food sciences, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Scientometrics, sustainability, Geography, Crop diversity, Analytics, Alimentation et Nutrition, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, business
Abstract: Grain-legume crops are important for ensuring the sustainability of agrofood systems. Among them, pulse production is subject to strong lock-in compared to soya, the leading worldwide crop. To unlock the situation and foster more grain-legume crop diversity, scientific research is essential for providing new knowledge that may lead to new development. Our study aimed to evaluate whether research activity on grain-legumes is also locked in favor of soya. Considering more than 80 names grouped into 19 main grain-legume species, we built a dataset of 107,823 scholarly publications (articles, book, and book chapters) between 1980 and 2018 retrieved from the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) reflecting the research activity on grain-legumes. We delineated 10 scientific themes of interest running the gamut of agrofood research (e.g., genetics, agronomy, and nutrition). We indexed grain-legume species, calculated the percentage of records for each one, and conducted several analyses longitudinally and by country. Globally, we found an unbalanced research output: soya remains the main crop studied, even in the promising field of food sciences advanced by FAO as the &ldquo, future of pulses&rdquo, Our results raise questions about how to align research priorities with societal demand for more crop diversity.
Published: 2019

13. Une Stratégie Nationale pour les Protéines Végétales, un levier vers la santé globale ?

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Published: 2020

14. L’alimentation au quotidien, un levier pour atténuer le changement climatique ?

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Published: 2019

15. Rapeseed oil fortified with micronutrients improves cognitive alterations associated with metabolic syndrome

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny, Camille Kropp, Carole Vaysse, Nathalie Castanon, Corinne Joffre, Agnès Aubert, Célia Fourrier, Julie Sauvant, Sophie Layé, Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut des corps gras (ITERG), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, obesity, hippocampus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Hippocampus, Context (language use), Water maze, memory, 03 medical and health sciences, Behavioral Neuroscience, chemistry.chemical_compound, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, Neuroplasticity, medicine, Animals, Micronutrients, Db/db mice, chemistry.chemical_classification, Coenzyme Q10, glutamatergic receptors, Metabolic Syndrome, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, n-3 PUFAS, medicine.disease, anxiety, 3. Good health, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, Disease Models, Animal, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, antioxidants, chemistry, inflammation, Food, Fortified, Rapeseed Oil, Metabolic syndrome, business, Cognition Disorders, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: International audience; Metabolic syndrome represents a major risk factor for severe comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. It is also associated with an increased prevalence of emotional and cognitive alterations that in turn aggravate the disease and related outcomes. Identifying therapeutic strategies able to improve those alterations is therefore a major socioeconomical and public health challenge. We previously reported that both hippocampal inflammatory processes and neuronal plasticity contribute to the development of emotional and cognitive alterations in db/db mice, an experimental model of metabolic syndrome that displays most of the classical features of the syndrome. In that context, nutritional interventions with known impact on those neurobiological processes appear as a promising alternative to limit the development of neurobiological comorbidities of metabolic syndrome. We therefore tested here whether n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) associated with a cocktail of antioxidants can protect against the development of behavioral alterations that accompany the metabolic syndrome. Thus, this study aimed: 1) to evaluate if a diet supplemented with the plant-derived n-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid (ALA) and antioxidants (provided by n-3 PUFAs-rich rapeseed oil fortified with a mix of naturally constituting antioxidant micronutrients, including coenzyme Q10, tocopherol, and the phenolic compound canolol) improved behavioral alterations in db/db mice, and 2) to decipher the biological mechanisms underlying this behavioral effect. Although the supplemented diet did not improve anxiety-like behavior and inflammatory abnormalities, it reversed hippocampus-dependent spatial memory deficits displayed by db/db mice in a water maze task. It concomitantly changed subunit composition of glutamatergic AMPA and NMDA receptors in the hippocampus that has been shown to modulate synaptic function related to spatial memory. These data suggest that changes in local neuronal plasticity may underlie cognitive improvements in db/db mice fed the supplemented diet. The current findings might therefore provide valuable data for introducing new nutritional strategies for the treatment of behavioral complications associated with MetS.
Published: 2019

16. Les lipides pour les seniors : besoins, alimentation et physiopathologie

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny, Direction du Partenariat et du Transfert pour l'Innovation (DPTI), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, lcsh:TP670-699, lcsh:Oils, fats, and waxes, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Agronomy and Crop Science, Biochemistry, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Comme chaque année, le Groupe Lipides et Nutrition a choisi un thème d’actualité pour sa journée scientifique. Pour son édition 2018, celui du vieillissement a été retenu. Ce choix a été motivé par l’importance de plus en plus documentée scientifiquement de ce qui était considéré, parfois avec mépris,comme « le gras ». En effet, la question des lipides chez le sujet âgé, en termes d’apports comme de fonction, justifie des mises au point régulières. Le lecteur pourra d’ailleurs trouver des revues récentes sur la question des dyslipidémies (Anagnostiset al., 2019) ou de la dépression, sans parler de la question du rôle des lipides dans les pathologies oculaires
Published: 2019

17. Track 5: Populations and population health

Author: Corinne Brugère, Michel Lagarde, Frédéric Capel, Gaëlle Pineau, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Sarah de Saint Vincent, Elodie Pitois, Luc Demaison, Marie-Caroline Michalski, A. Geleon, and Carole Vaysse
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, Canolol, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Chemistry, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, PDK4, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, Micronutrient, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, food, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, medicine, Metabolic syndrome, Canola, alpha-Tocopherol
Abstract: Insulin resistance (IR) favors the progression of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and increases the risk of type 2 diabetes. IR results from metabolic dysfunctions, oxidative stress and inflammation caused by ectopic fat depots. We studied the effect of canola oil enriched with micronutrients naturally present in canola seed on IR and MetS during a high fat (HF)-challenge. Rats were fed with a HF diet containing 30% of lipids, mainly derived from palm oil (diet P), or from a mixture of palm and canola oils (60:40, diet C). In 2 groups of animals, diet C was further supplemented with alpha tocopherol, CoQ with or without Canolol, (diets CMC & CM respectively). Insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were assessed after 10 weeks. HF animals were compared to control animals receiving a standard diet. All groups receiving a HF diet gained significantly more weight compared to control. Similar results were obtained for fat depots. Glucose tolerance was altered in P and C groups and improved in CM and CMC. Insulin sensitivity was not different between control and P groups, but was higher in CMC group compared to controls. A reduced activation of PDK4 and Srebp1c expression was observed in skeletal muscle in CM group. In conclusion, the proportion of AGPI could not prevent metabolic disturbance induced by a HF meal. Enrichment with natural micronutrients could prevent insulin resistance and glucose intolerance which could be mediated by a better glucose oxidation in skeletal muscle
Published: 2016

18. L’alimentation et la complexité de ses composants, vers l’alimentome ?

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous), Article
Published: 2020

19. La journée 2017 du Groupe Lipides et Nutrition

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: lcsh:TP670-699, lcsh:Oils, fats, and waxes, Agronomy and Crop Science, Biochemistry, Food Science
Published: 2018

20. Additional file 2: of Rapeseed oil fortified with micronutrients can reduce glucose intolerance during a high fat challenge in rats

Author: Capel, Frederic, Geloen, Alain, Vaysse, Carole, Gaelle Pineau, Demaison, Luc, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Marie-Caroline Michalski, and Malpuech-Brugère, Corinne
Abstract: Table S1. FA composition in retroperitoneal adipose tissue. (*P
Published: 2018
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21. Vitamin D supplementation and muscle strength in pre-sarcopenic elderly Lebanese people: a randomized controlled trial

Author: Souha Fares, Jean Michel Chardigny, Yves Boirie, Cynthia El Hajj, Stéphane Walrand, Departement Dietetique & Nutrition, Hôpital Saint Charles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut (UB), Unité Contrats et Propriété Intellectuelle (UCPI), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Nutrition Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, American University of Beirut [Beyrouth] (AUB), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), and CHU Clermont-Ferrand
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Sarcopenia, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Appendicular skeletal muscle mass, Nutritional Status, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Placebo, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, Vitamin D and neurology, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Sarcopenic obesity, Obesity, Lebanon, Vitamin D, Muscle, Skeletal, Aged, Nutrition, Hand Strength, business.industry, Muscle strength, Vitamins, Vitamin D Deficiency, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, chemistry, Dietary Supplements, Pre-sarcopenia, Female, 030101 anatomy & morphology, business, Cholecalciferol
Abstract: Previous studies have shown that improving vitamin D status among the elderly may lead to an improvement in muscle mass and muscle strength. In our study, vitamin D supplementation showed significant improvements in vitamin D concentrations as well as appendicular muscle mass in pre-sarcopenic older Lebanese people. However, we found no significant effect on muscle strength. Improving vitamin D status might improve muscle function and muscle mass that lead to sarcopenia in older subjects. The aim of this randomized, controlled, double-blind study was to examine the effect of vitamin D supplementation on handgrip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass in pre-sarcopenic older Lebanese subjects. We also examined whether this effect differs in normal vs. obese subjects. Participants (n = 128; 62 men and 66 women) deficient in vitamin D (25(OH)D = 12.92 ± 4.3 ng/ml) were recruited from Saint Charles Hospital, Beirut, Lebanon. The participants were given a supplement of 10,000 IU of cholecalciferol (vitamin D group; n = 64) to be taken three times a week or a placebo tablet (placebo group; n = 64) for 6 months. One hundred fifteen subjects completed the study: 59 had normal weight, while 56 were obese. Strength and functional assessment and biochemical analysis were performed at the start and after 6 months. Compared to placebo, the vitamin D supplemented group showed significant improvements in appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) (P
Published: 2018

22. Pulses for Sustainability: Breaking Agriculture and Food Sectors Out of Lock-In

Author: Michel Duru, Marc Anton, Valerie Micard, Marie-Hélène Jeuffroy, Gérard Duc, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Jean-Marc Meynard, Marie-Benoît Magrini, Stéphane Walrand, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UAR 1189 Département Alimentation Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Alimentation Humaine (ALIM.H), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Département Alimentation Humaine (DPT ALIM. H), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), French National Research Agency (ANR) as part of the ANR-13-AGRO-0004 project LEGITIMES (LEGume Insertion in Territories to Induce Main Ecosystem Services), INRA [the French National Institute for Agricultural Research], European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 727672-LEGVALUE (Fostering sustainable legume-based farming systems and agri-feed and food chains in the EU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), French National Research Agency as part of the project LEGITIMES (LEGume Insertion in Territories to Induce Main Ecosystem Services), ANR-13-AGRO-0004,LEGITIMES,Construction et évaluation de scénarios territoriaux d'insertion de légumineuses dans les systèmes de culture pour répondre aux changements globaux(2013), European Project: 727672,LEGVALUE(2017), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Département Alimentation Humaine INRA (ALIM-H), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Food industry, Natural resource economics, Lock-in, système agroalimentaire, food behavior, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, lcsh:TP368-456, système de culture innovant, comportement alimentaire, Agricultural diversification, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, legume, Consumer, transition agroécologique, Food systems, Agrifood transition, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Dood behavior, agriculture durable, systeme de culture, lcsh:TX341-641, Horticulture, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, food habits, légumineuse, 03 medical and health sciences, Production (economics), Innovation, Pulses, Consumption (economics), 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, Public institution, 15. Life on land, sustainable agriculture, lcsh:Food processing and manufacture, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Business, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science, Cropping system
Abstract: Crop diversification can improve the sustainability of Western agriculture. In particular, pulses are crops that can help both agriculture and the food industry more ecological, as they reduce greenhouse gas emissions and offer opportunities to reduce animal-based food consumption. However, the development of those crops in Europe remains locked-in by major crops that have been co-developed to a greater extent both in farming and food systems. After recalling the major mechanisms that lead to this lock-in, this article proposes to adopt a co-evolution framework to tackle with a dual transition of both agriculture and food systems. We question how the current societal trends in the agrifood system offer new opportunities for pulses, and how simultaneous changes both in production and consumption can occur to facilitate this dual transition. Based on various insights from the literature, and some points of views from stakeholders in France - taken here as examples - we argue that to develop pulses, strong support is required from public institutions to coordinate and guide the multiple actors involved in the same direction.
Published: 2018

23. Un plan de prévention de plus, vers les « coulisses de l’alimentation » !

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Published: 2019

24. La nutrition est-elle une science inexacte ?

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Published: 2018

25. Muscle ectopic fat deposition contributes to anabolic resistance in obese sarcopenic old rats through e <scp>IF</scp> 2α activation

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny, Jean-François Landrier, Joan Tordjman, Nicolas Tardif, Véronique Patrac, Yves Boirie, Stéphane Walrand, Jérôme Salles, Christophe Giraudet, Marie-Laure Collin, Christelle Guillet, Justine Bertrand-Michel, Sophie Reggio, Carole Migné, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMRS 872 équipe 7, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition, obésité et risque thrombotique (NORT), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U 563, Institut Claude de Préval (ICP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Nutrition Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, ANR LIPAGE Project, Clermont Université-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S 872)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Unité de Nutrition Humaine ( UNH ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ) -Clermont Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers ( CRC ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Nutrition, obésité et risque thrombotique ( NORT ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Purpan ( CHU Purpan ) - ( IFR 30 )
Subjects: Male, obesity, Aging, protein synthesis, Anabolism, muscle, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2, Adipose tissue, high-fat diet, sarcopenia, ceramide, elF2α signaling, eIF-2 Kinase, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Adipocyte, Myocyte, 0303 health sciences, Myogenesis, obésité, sensibilité à l'insuline, Adipose Tissue, Alimentation et Nutrition, Signal Transduction, medicine.medical_specialty, Ceramide, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, Ceramides, Diet, High-Fat, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, Downregulation and upregulation, sarcopenie, Internal medicine, eIF2α signaling, medicine, Food and Nutrition, Animals, Rats, Wistar, Muscle, Skeletal, 030304 developmental biology, Original Articles, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Rats, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Disease Models, Animal, Endocrinology, chemistry, Insulin Resistance, muscle protein synthesis, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: Obesity and aging are characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity (IS) and muscle protein synthesis. Intramuscular ceramide accumulation has been implicated in insulin resistance during obesity. We aimed to measure IS, muscle ceramide level, protein synthesis, and activation of intracellular signaling pathways involved in translation initiation in male Wistar young (YR, 6-month) and old (OR, 25-month) rats receiving a low- (LFD) or a high-fat diet (HFD) for 10 weeks. A corresponding cellular approach using C2C12 myotubes treated with palmitate to induce intracellular ceramide deposition was taken. A decreased ability of adipose tissue to store lipids together with a reduced adipocyte diameter and a development of fibrosis were observed in OR after the HFD. Consequently, OR fed the HFD were insulin resistant, showed a strong increase in intramuscular ceramide level and a decrease in muscle protein synthesis associated with increased eIF2alpha phosphorylation. The accumulation of intramuscular lipids placed a lipid burden on mitochondria and created a disconnect between metabolic and regulating pathways in skeletal muscles of OR. In C2C12 cells, palmitate-induced ceramide accumulation was associated with a decreased protein synthesis together with upregulated eIF2alpha phosphorylation. In conclusion, a reduced ability to expand adipose tissues was found in OR, reflecting a lower lipid buffering capacity. Muscle mitochondrial activity was affected in OR conferring a reduced ability to oxidize fatty acids entering the muscle cell. Hence, OR were more prone to ectopic muscle lipid accumulation than YR, leading to decreased muscle protein anabolism. This metabolic change is a potential therapeutic target to counter sarcopenic obesity.
Published: 2014

26. Alimentation, santé publique, étiquetage, où va-t-on ?

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, 0302 clinical medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, media_common.quotation_subject, Medicine (miscellaneous), 030212 general & internal medicine, Art, media_common
Published: 2018

27. Les États généraux de l’alimentation, et maintenant ?

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Published: 2018

28. Les États généraux de l’alimentation, c’est parti !

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Published: 2017

29. Combined food intake and exercise unmask different hormonal responses in lean and obese children

Author: Julien Aucouturier, Nicole Fellmann, Pascale Duché, Laurie Isacco, Jean-Michel Chardigny, David Thivel, Martine Duclos, Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé (IAPS), and Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, 030213 general clinical medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Food intake, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Pituitary-Adrenal System, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Body weight, Childhood obesity, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Humans, Insulin, Obesity, Insulin-Like Growth Factor I, Child, Hydrocortisone, 2. Zero hunger, Nutrition and Dietetics, exercise, Insulin blood, business.industry, hormonal responses, nutrient, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, business, metabolism, childhood obesity, Hormonal response, medicine.drug, Hormone
Abstract: International audience; Our purpose was to investigate the effect of obesity in prepubertal children on the hormonal response to exercise performed under different conditions of nutrient availability. Prepubertal obese (age, 10.3 +/- 1.8 years; % body fat, 36.1 +/- 6.1; n = 9) and lean (age, 9.2 +/- 1.6 years; % body fat, 22.2 +/- 4.1; n = 7) children completed 2 experimental sessions in which they performed a 30 min of cycling exercise at 50% of their maximal aerobic power either 1 h (T1h) or 3 h (T3h) after a standardized breakfast. Plasma insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), IGF binding protein 1 (IGFBP-1), and IGFBP-3 levels were assessed at baseline and after exercise. Urine was collected during the sessions, and catecholamine and glucocorticoid excretions were analyzed. A significant time effect was observed for IGFBP-1; postexercise levels decreased in lean and obese children (p
Published: 2013

30. Lipotropes from plant-based foods supplied by a standard French diet vs. food guide pyramid recommendations: Grain products are the best sources at lower cost

Author: Anthony Fardet, Jean-François Martin, Djilali Touazi, France Caillavet, and Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: Pantothenic acid, Lower cost, Food composition data, Plant based, Food science, Biology, Food guide, Lipotropic, Food Analysis, Food Science
Abstract: Lipotropes are compounds that prevent excess hepatic fat deposits. However, although millions of people worldwide suffer from hepatic steatosis, lipotrope consumption has never been investigated. Our objectives were to calculate the amount of lipotropes supplied by a standard French diet vs. food guide pyramid recommendations by using 106 ready-to-eat plant-based foods (PBF) as a basis for comparison, to question whether one can easily increase lipotrope consumption via lipotrope-rich PBFs, and to estimate the lipotrope quantity supplied by €1.00 (one euro) of PBF vs. animal-based foods. Lipotrope potential of PBFs was expressed as the lipotropic capacity (LC) based on the lipotrope densities of 7, 8 or 9 lipotropes (mg/100 kcal), which are identified as betaine, choline, myo -inositol, methionine, magnesium, niacin, pantothenic acid, folates and total polyphenol content. Unrefined/minimally processed PBFs had the highest LC, while energy-dense/refined PBFs had the lowest. A standard French diet fails to provide the lipotrope quantity that should be supplied if food guide pyramid recommendations are followed. Such a difference can be easily compensated by increasing lipotrope-rich PBF consumption. On a €1.00-basis, vegetables and fruits are expensive sources of lipotropes, but grain products, especially legumes, appear to be the best compromise between high LC and low cost.
Published: 2012

31. Les légumineuses à graines

Author: Marie-Benoît Magrini, Gérard Duc, Marie-Helene Jeuffroy, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Stephane Walrand, Valerie Micard, Marc Anton, Etienne-Pascal Journet, Marion Galindo, Anne-Sophie Voisin, UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Agronomie, AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UAR 1189 Département Alimentation Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Alimentation Humaine (ALIM.H), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Département Alimentation Humaine (DPT ALIM. H), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages (BIA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Documentation de centre, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Département Alimentation Humaine INRA (ALIM-H), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -AgroParisTech, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Alimentation Humaine ( ALIM.H ) -Département Alimentation Humaine ( DPT ALIM. H ), Unité de Nutrition Humaine - Clermont Auvergne ( UNH ), Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Auvergne/Rhône-Alpes] ( INRA Auvergne/Rhône-Alpes ), Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes ( IATE ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Unité de recherche sur les Biopolymères, Interactions Assemblages ( BIA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA )
Subjects: [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], légumineuse à graines
Abstract: Les légumineuses à graines. 1. Rencontres Francophones sur les Légumineuses: Année Internationale des Légumineuses
Published: 2016

32. Intérêt biologique des métabolites oxygénés de l’acide alpha-linolénique, projet Oxylino

Author: Frédéric Capel, Michel Guichardant, Carole Vaysse, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Sophie Layé, Corinne Joffre, Corinne Malpuech-Brugère, Castonon, N., Michel Lagarde, Marie-Caroline Michalski, Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Cardiovasculaire, métabolisme, diabétologie et nutrition (CarMeN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut des corps gras (ITERG), Unité de gestion du département alimentation humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nutrition et Neurobiologie intégrée (NutriNeuro), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique, Centre de recherche Bordeaux-Aquitaine, Partenaires INRAE, Institut Multidisciplinaire de Biochimie des Lipides (IMBL). Lyon, FRA., Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, biologie et physique
Subjects: acide gras polyinsaturé, Alimentation et Nutrition, Food and Nutrition, régime lipidique, muscle squelettique, moyen de prévention, insulino- résistance, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: Présentation «flash» : projet de recherche (Oxylino) en cours inter-collaboratif du Dr Frédéric Capel; National audience
Published: 2016

33. Plant protein for food: opportunities and bottlenecks

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny, Stéphane Walrand, Département Alimentation Humaine INRA (ALIM-H), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, UAR 1189 Département Alimentation Humaine, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Alimentation Humaine (ALIM.H), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Département Alimentation Humaine (DPT ALIM. H), and Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, dietary proteins, animal and plant protein sources, essential amino acids, oil processing-derived proteins, lcsh:TP670-699, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Biology, Biochemistry, Bottleneck, 03 medical and health sciences, protéine végétale, 0302 clinical medicine, protéine animale, plant protein, Food and Nutrition, protéine alimentaire, acide aminé essentiel, Consumer behaviour, 2. Zero hunger, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Food security, business.industry, Animal Sources, Oil processing, Biotechnology, Animal protein, 13. Climate action, Plant protein, Alimentation et Nutrition, animal protein, lcsh:Oils, fats, and waxes, business, Agronomy and Crop Science, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Science
Abstract: Dietary proteins represent a key issue for the future regarding worldwide food security. Besides animal sources, plant proteins represent an opportunity to mainly contribute to protein demand. Whether some plant protein sources could appear as deficient in some essential amino acids, mixtures from different sources could represent opportunities to further propose adapted supply regarding specific demand. Such opportunities includes legumes as well as by-products of oil processing, i.e. canola and sunflower cakes. The nutritional benefits of such new sources are still under investigation considering benefits and limits like allergenicity. Finally, consumer behavior and acceptability remains the final bottleneck for developing new protein sources.
Published: 2016

34. Étiquette ou pas, c’est (toujours) la question !

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous), Business
Published: 2017

35. 2017, an II pour les légumineuses ?

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Published: 2017

36. Lipotropic capacity of raw plant-based foods: A new index that reflects their lipotrope density profile

Author: Jean-François Martin, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Anthony Fardet, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université
Subjects: COMMON FOODS, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], GLYCINE BETAINE, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Betaine, Botany, Pantothenic acid, NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER, Asparagus, Plant-based foods, Food science, HEPATIC STEATOSIS, OXIDATIVE STRESS, Lipotropic, Legume, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Methionine, biology, WHOLE-GRAIN CEREALS, Chemistry, Food analysis, PARENTERAL-NUTRITION, ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITIES, food and beverages, Food composition data, CHOLINE DEFICIENCY, Lipotropes, biology.organism_classification, SALT STRESS, Lipotropic capacity, Lipotrope density profiles, Spinach, Food composition, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Food Science
Abstract: International audience; Among all of the phytomicronutrients, lipotropes which limit excess hepatic fat deposits, have been very little studied. And yet, liver steatosis is common to several chronic diseases. Among the lipotropes, betaine, choline, myo-inositol, methionine, magnesium, niacin, pantothenic acid and folates were the ones for which sufficient data have possibly been found to allow the selection of a significant number of plant-based foods (PBFs). Our objectives were to unravel the differences or similarities in the lipotrope density (LD) profile of raw PBFs and to define an index reflecting lipotrope contents. From databases for betaine and choline contents, we selected 56 raw PBFs (38 when inositol content was taken into consideration). Lipotropic capacity (LC) was defined as the means of the 8 LD profiles, each expressed as a percentage of raw asparagus LD, which has the highest mean ranking for the 8 LDs (LC = 100). LCs ranged from 7 (grapes) to 672% (spinach), relative to asparagus LC. Among cereal, fruit, legume and seed groups, quinoa, blackberry, common bean and sesame seed had the highest levels of LC (155%, 107%, 36% and 26%, respectively). On a 100 kcal-basis, vegetables are the best sources of lipotropes, followed by cereals, fruits and legumes, then nuts and seeds. PBF LD profiles were complementary but more diversified compared to animal-based food LD profiles. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2011

37. Preservation of micronutrients during rapeseed oil refining: A tool to optimize the health value of edible vegetable oils? Rationale and design of the Optim'Oils randomized clinical trial

Author: M. Gaud, E. Floter, X. Pagès, A. Rossignol, Jean Michel Chardigny, Cécile Gladine, Nathalie Meunier, Lucile Bruchet, Adeline Blot, Noël Cano, Z. Metin, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Institut des corps gras (ITERG), Unilever, and EU [FP6-2005-FOOD 36318]
Subjects: Male, Rapeseed, Food Handling, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Micronutrients, Food science, Cholesterolemia, STEROLS, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Cross-Over Studies, CHOLESTEROL, Phytosterol, Oil refinery, Phytosterols, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Micronutrient, Lipids, 3. Good health, Cardiovascular Diseases, Adult, Cardiovascular biomarkers, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Humans, Plant Oils, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, Aged, Coenzyme Q10, Public health nutrition, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Polyphenols, Cardiovascular risk, Diet, Biotechnology, Oxidative Stress, chemistry, Polyphenol, Rapeseed Oil, business, HIGH-DENSITY-LIPOPROTEIN
Abstract: International audience; Numerous micronutrients naturally abundant in oilseeds prevent the risk of cardiovascular diseases by reducing cholesterolemia and oxidative stress. These micronutrients include phytosterols and various antioxidants such as polyphenols, tocopherols and coenzyme Q10/Q9 but most of them are lost during the oilseed oil refining. The main objective of the Optim'Oil project was to modify the processes of oil refining in order to reduce the lost of micronutrients. Two clinical trials (cross-over, monocentric, randomized, double-blind and controlled) were designed to investigate the effect of an optimized rapeseed oil 1) on cardiovascular biomarkers (long-term study) and 2) on oxidative stress parameters (post-prandial study). For the long-term study, 59 volunteers ingested daily 20 g of oil and 22 g of margarine (optimized or standard) for 2 periods of 3 weeks separated by a 3-week wash-out period. Blood samples were collected at the beginning and at the end of each period. For the post-prandial study, a sub-group of 16 volunteers came fasted at the laboratory and took 300 mL of a test meal containing 60% of the optimized or standard oils. Blood samples were collected before and during 6 h after the test meal intake. In comparison with the standard oil and margarine, the optimized oil and margarine exhibit as expected an increased content of phytosterol (+ 22%). polyphenols (x11), tocopherols (+ 131%) and coenzyme Q10/Q9 ( + 165%). Overall, conditions of this study were relevant to investigate the effect of the optimized rapeseed oil and margarine on the cardiovascular risk and the oxidative stress. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Published: 2011

38. Ruminant and industrial sources of trans-fat and cardiovascular and diabetic diseases

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny, Béatrice Morio, Corinne Malpuech-Brugère, Anne-Laure Tardy, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont Ferrand, ANR - Agence Nationale de la Recherche, French National Research Agency, and National de Recherche en Alimentation et Nutrition Humaine [ANR-05-PNRA, 5.E.24]
Subjects: 030309 nutrition & dietetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medicine (miscellaneous), Vaccenic acid, Type 2 diabetes, chemistry.chemical_compound, MILK, 0302 clinical medicine, Food science, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, INSULIN SENSITIVITY, Diabetes, WOMEN, Ruminants, HEALTHY-YOUNG MEN, Trans Fatty Acids, LINOLEIC-ACID, CVD, Elaidic acid, 3. Good health, Trans-fatty acids, Cholesterol, Cardiovascular Diseases, DIETARY SUPPLEMENTATION, LIPIDS, Trans fat, medicine.medical_specialty, Meat, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, LDL, 03 medical and health sciences, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Animals, Humans, CORONARY-HEART-DISEASE, Risk factor, Inflammation, business.industry, Atherosclerosis, medicine.disease, Dietary Fats, Oleic acid, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Risk factors, chemistry, RISK-FACTORS, Dairy Products, business, VACCENIC ACID
Abstract: The various positional isomers of oleic acid (18 : 1Δ9c or 9c-18 : 1) may have distinct biological effects. Detrimental effects of consumption of industrial trans-fatty acids (TFA) (elaidic acid; 18 : 1Δ9t) from partially hydrogenated vegetable oils on CVD risk factors are well documented. In addition, epidemiological data suggest that chronic consumption of industrial sources of TFA could alter insulin sensitivity and predispose for type 2 diabetes. However, intervention studies on this issue have remained inconclusive. Moreover, very little information is available on the effect of natural sources of TFA (vaccenic acid; 18 : 1Δ11t) coming from dairy products and ruminant meat on the development of CVD and type 2 diabetes. The review focuses on the impact of the consumption of ruminant TFA in relation to cardiovascular risk factors, inflammation and type 2 diabetes.
Published: 2011

39. Comparison of postprandial oleic acid, 9c,11t CLA and 10t,12c CLA oxidation in healthy moderately overweight subjects

Author: Taous S. Lassel, Jean Louis Sébédio, Agnès Maret, Corinne Malpuech-Brugère, Charles M. Scrimgeour, Claire E. Fernie, Ronald P. Mensink, Olivier Loreau, Jean Michel Chardigny, Bernard Beaufrère, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Scottish Crop Research Institute, Groupe DANONE, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), The European Commission [QLK1-1999-00076], Humane Biologie, and RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Metabolic Syndrome
Subjects: Male, Conjugated linoleic acid, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ENERGY-METABOLISM, Overweight, Biochemistry, ISOMERS, SUPPLEMENTATION, Placebos, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Bolus (medicine), Linoleic Acids, Conjugated, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, HUMANS, CONJUGATED LINOLEIC-ACID, Middle Aged, Postprandial Period, (13)CO(2), Postprandial, Health, Disease Progression, Female, medicine.symptom, Oxidation-Reduction, Lipidology, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Linoleic acid, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Isomerism, Internal medicine, (CO2)-C-13, Oxidation, medicine, 030304 developmental biology, Organic Chemistry, Fatty acid, Cell Biology, Lipid Metabolism, Oleic acid, MICE, Endocrinology, chemistry, BODY-FAT ACCUMULATION, Oleic Acid
Abstract: International audience; Few studies report the individual effect of 9c,11t- and 10t,12c-CLA on human energy metabolism. We compared the postprandial oxidative metabolism of 9c,11t- and 10t,12c-CLA and oleic acid (9c-18:1) in 22 healthy moderately overweight volunteers. After 24 weeks supplementation with 9c,11t-, 10t,12c-CLA or 9c-18:1 (3 g/day), subjects consumed a single oral bolus of the appropriate [1-(13)C]-labeled fatty acid. 8 h post-dose, cumulative oxidation was similar for 9c-18:1 and 10t,12c (P = 0.66), but significantly higher for 9c,11t (P < 0.01).
Published: 2010

40. An α-Linolenic Acid-Rich Formula Reduces Oxidative Stress and Inflammation by Regulating NF-κB in Rats with TNBS-Induced Colitis

Author: Mohamed Skiba, Frédéric Ziegler, Guillaume Savoye, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Ayman Ibrahim, Moïse Coëffier, Pierre Déchelotte, Khaly Mbodji, Aktham Hassan, Frédéric Bounoure, and Rachel Marion-Letellier
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Erythrocytes, Colon, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II, Medicine (miscellaneous), Dinoprost, medicine.disease_cause, Nitric oxide, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, chemistry.chemical_compound, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Chymotrypsin, Colitis, Unsaturated fatty acid, Nutrition and Dietetics, alpha-Linolenic acid, Fatty Acids, NF-kappa B, alpha-Linolenic Acid, Glutathione, medicine.disease, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Diet, Rats, Oxidative Stress, Endocrinology, Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid, chemistry, Biochemistry, Cytokines, Eicosanoids, Interferons, Docosapentaenoic acid, Oxidative stress
Abstract: We have previously shown that α-linolenic acid (ALA), a (n-3) PUFA exerts in vitro antiinflammatory effects in the intestine. In this study, we aimed to evaluate its effect on inflammatory and oxidative stress in a colitis model. Colitis was induced in 2 groups at d 0 by intrarectal injection of 2-4-6-trinitrobenzen sulfonic acid (TNBS), whereas the control group received the vehicle. Rats we fed 450 mg . kg(-1) . d(-1) of ALA (TNBS+ALA) while the other colitic group (TNBS) and the control group were fed an isocaloric corn oil formula for 14 d (from d -7 to d 7). RBC fatty acid composition was assessed. Oxidative stress was studied by measuring urinary 8-isoprostanes (8-IP) and colon glutathione (GSH) concentration and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Colitis was assessed histologically, by production of proinflammatory mediators, including cytokines, leukotrienes B(4) (LTB(4)), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and by nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation. The ALA-rich diet significantly increased the RBC levels of ALA, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid (n-3) compared with the TNBS group (P < 0.01 for all). The beneficial effect of ALA supplementation on oxidative stress was reflected by lower urinary 8-IP levels (P < 0.05), a normalized colon GSH concentration (P < 0.01), and reduced colon iNOS expression (P < 0.05) compared with the TNBS group. ALA also protected against colon inflammation as assessed by lower tumor necrosis factor-α secretion and mRNA level (P < 0.05), reduced NF-κB activation (P = 0.01), and lower colon lipid mediator concentrations such as LTB(4) and COX-2 (P < 0.05) compared with the TNBS group. These findings show that an ALA-rich formula is beneficial to TNBS-induced colitic rats via inhibition of oxidative and inflammatory stress.
Published: 2010

41. Effects of fish oil and starch added to a diet containing sunflower-seed oil on dairy goat performance, milk fatty acid composition andin vivoΔ9-desaturation of [13C]vaccenic acid

Author: Laurence Bernard, Jean-Michel Chardigny, J. Rouel, Pierre Capitan, Estelle Pujos-Guillot, Julien Mouriot, Frederic Glasser, Yves Chilliard, Unité de Recherches sur les Herbivores (URH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, and Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Gene Expression, élevage caprin, Medicine (miscellaneous), Vaccenic acid, Oleic Acids, fish oil, chemistry.chemical_compound, huile, poisson, goat milk, Linoleic Acids, Conjugated, Food science, 2. Zero hunger, Carbon Isotopes, 0303 health sciences, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, acide gras, Rumenic acid, Goats, oléagineux, Fatty Acids, food and beverages, Starch, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Fish oil, tournesol, Dairying, in vivo, Milk, Seeds, Alimentation et Nutrition, Helianthus, Female, Sunflower seed, Composition (visual arts), d9-desaturase, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase, food.ingredient, Animal feed, Biology, Poaceae, 03 medical and health sciences, Fish Oils, food, Dietary Carbohydrates, Animals, Plant Oils, Food and Nutrition, caprin, sunflower seed oil, graine, Sunflower oil, 0402 animal and dairy science, vaccenic acid, Animal Feed, Dietary Fats, lait, 040201 dairy & animal science, chemistry, Hay, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract: The potential benefits on human health have prompted an interest in developing nutritional strategies for specifically increasing rumenic acid (RA) in ruminant milk. The aims of the present study were to (i) compare two dietary treatments with lipid supplements on milk yield and composition, (ii) measure thein vivoΔ9-desaturation of vaccenic acid (VA) to RA using13C-labelled VA and (iii) determine the effect of the dietary treatments on this variable. Treatments were 90 g sunflower-seed oil (SO) per d or 60 g sunflower-seed oil and 30 g fish oil per d plus additional starch (SFO), in a grassland hay-based diet given to eight Alpine goats in a 2 × 2 cross-over design with 21 d experimental periods. Milk yield and composition were similar between treatments. Goats fed SFO had higher milk 6 : 0–16 : 0 concentration, lower milk ΣC18 concentrations and showed no effect on milk VA and RA, compared with SO. At the end of the experiment, intravenous injection of 1·5 g [13C]VA followed by measurements of milk lipid13C enrichment showed thatin vivo31·7 and 31·6 % of VA was Δ9-desaturated into milk RA in the caprine with the SO and SFO treatments, respectively. The expression of genes encoding for Δ9-desaturase (or stearoyl-CoA desaturase;SCD1,SCD5) in mammary tissues and four milk Δ9-desaturation ratios were similar between treatments. In conclusion, the present study provides the first estimates ofin vivoendogenous synthesis of RA (63–73 % of milk RA) from VA in goats, and shows no difference between the two lipid supplements compared.
Published: 2010

42. Dairy and industrial sources of trans fat do not impair peripheral insulin sensitivity in overweight women

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny, Martine Laville, Stéphanie Lambert-Porcheron, Jean-Paul Rigaudière, Yves Boirie, Marie-Caroline Michalski, Pascale LeRuyet, Brigitte Laillet, Corinne Malpuech-Brugère, Jean-Louis Peyraud, Christophe Giraudet, Béatrice Morio, Anne-Laure Tardy, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine, Production du lait (PL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Recherche et Développement, LACTALIS (LACTALIS NUTRITION), Mécanisme Moléculaire du Diabète (MMD), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: Blood Glucose, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, medicine.medical_treatment, Medicine (miscellaneous), TRANS FATTY ACID, Overweight, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Insulin, Phospholipids, Abdominal obesity, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics, Ruminants, Trans Fatty Acids, Glucose clamp technique, 3. Good health, Body Composition, Female, Waist Circumference, medicine.symptom, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, POIDS CORPOREL, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Hyperinsulinism, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Obesity, Pancreatic hormone, OVERWEITH WOMEN, business.industry, medicine.disease, Dietary Fats, UNDUSTRIAL SOURCES OF TFAs, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Endocrinology, Glucose Clamp Technique, Patient Compliance, Dairy Products, Insulin Resistance, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Body mass index
Abstract: International audience; Background: The 2 major dietary sources of trans fatty acids (TFAs) are partially hydrogenated oils and ruminant-derived products. Epidemiologic data suggest that chronic consumption of industrial sources of TFAs could be damaging to insulin sensitivity, but intervention studies on this issue have remained inconclusive. Objective: The trial was designed to compare the effects of dairy compared with industrial sources of TFAs on insulin sensitivity in overweight women. Design: Sixty-three healthy women with abdominal obesity [waist circumference > 88 cm and a body mass index (in kg/m(2)) > 28] were recruited. After a run-in period, the volunteers were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 3 four-week diets: 60 g low-TFA lipids/d (0.54 g/d; n = 21), ruminant TFA-rich lipids (4.86 g/d; n = 21), or industrial TFA-rich lipids (5.58 g/d; n = 21). Changes in peripheral insulin sensitivity were assessed by using hyperinsulinemiceuglycemic clamps. Results: After the intervention period, fasting glycemia and insulinemia and insulin sensitivity were not significantly modified in either group (P > 0.05). Conclusions: These data indicate that consumption of dairy- and industrial-source TFAs for 4 wk at nutritional levels do not impair peripheral insulin sensitivity in insulin-resistant women. Our study may not preassess the effects of TFAs in normal insulin-sensitive individuals. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00617435. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:88-94.
Published: 2009

43. Effect of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on the expression of peroxisomal ABC transporters

Author: Franck Bonnetain, Catherine Gondcaille, Sabrina Leclercq, Stéphane Savary, Michel Narce, Agnès André, Anne Courvoisier, Jérôme Bellenger, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Jeremy Skrzypski, and Sandrine Bellenger
Subjects: Male, ATP-binding cassette transporter, Biology, Biochemistry, Dietary Fats, Unsaturated, Adrenal Glands, Peroxisomal disorder, Peroxisomes, medicine, Animals, PPAR alpha, chemistry.chemical_classification, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Peroxisomal matrix, Brain, General Medicine, Peroxisome, medicine.disease, Rats, Gene Expression Regulation, Liver, chemistry, Docosahexaenoic acid, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, ACOX1, ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters, Adrenoleukodystrophy, Oxidation-Reduction, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: Peroxisomal ABC transporters encoded by the ABCD genes are thought to participate in the import of specific fatty acids in the peroxisomal matrix. ABCD1 deficiency is associated with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), the most frequent peroxisomal disorder which is characterized by the accumulation of saturated very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA). ABCD2 (the closest homolog of ABCD1) and ABCD3 have been shown to have partial functional redundancy with ABCD1; only when overexpressed, they can compensate for VLCFA accumulation. Other lipids, for instance polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), should be possible candidate substrates for the ABCD2 and ABCD3 gene products, ALDRP and PMP70 respectively. Moreover, PUFA, which are known regulators of gene expression, could therefore represent potent inducers of the ABCD genes. To test this hypothesis, littermates of n-3-deficient rats were subjected to an n-3-deficient diet or equilibrated diets containing ALA (α-linolenic acid, 18:3n-3) as unique source of n-3 fatty acids or ALA plus DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6n-3) at two different doses. We analyzed the expression of peroxisomal ABC transporters and of the peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase gene 1 (Acox1) in adrenals, brain and liver. Whatever the diet, we did not observe any difference in gene expression in adrenals and brain. However, the hepatic expression level of Abcd2 and Abcd3 genes was found to be significantly higher in the n-3-deficient rats than in the rats fed the ALA diet or the DHA supplemented diets. This was accompanied by important changes in hepatic fatty acid composition. In summary, the hepatic expression of Abcd2 and Abcd3 but not of Abcd1 and Abcd4 appears to be highly sensitive towards dietary PUFA. This difference could be linked to the substrate specificity of the peroxisomal ABC transporters and a specific involvement of Abcd2 and Abcd3 in PUFA metabolism.
Published: 2008

44. Effects of trans MUFA from dairy and industrial sources on muscle mitochondrial function and insulin sensitivity

Author: Sandrine Chalancon, Jérôme Salles, Jean-Paul Rigaudière, Olivier Loreau, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Brigitte Laillet, P. Rousset, Christophe Giraudet, Béatrice Morio, Anne-Laure Tardy, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Biochemistry, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, Adenosine Triphosphate, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, dairy fat, Superoxides, NUTRITION, DIABETE, LIPID METABOLISM, ENERGY METABOLISM, DAIRY FAT, HYDROGENATED OIL, HUILE HYDROGENEE, lipid metabolism, energy metabolism, Insulin, Beta oxidation, matière grasse alimentaire, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Glucose tolerance test, medicine.diagnostic_test, diabetes, Superoxide, Muscles, hydrogenated oil, Trans Fatty Acids, Peroxisome, Mitochondria, nutrition, Mitochondrial Membranes, Body Composition, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Oxidation-Reduction, insulinorésistance, medicine.medical_specialty, métabolisme énergétique, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, QD415-436, Biology, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, Diabetes mellitus, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Industry, Rats, Wistar, 030304 developmental biology, métabolisme lipidique, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Animal Feed, Dietary Fats, Rats, Oleic acid, chemistry, Oils
Abstract: International audience; Epidemiological studies suggest that chronic consumption of trans MUFA may alter muscle insulin sensitivity. The major sources of dietary trans MUFA (dairy fat vs. industrially hydrogenated oils) have different isomeric profiles and thus probably different metabolic consequences. These effects may involve alterations in muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity, which may in turn promote insulin resistance if fatty acid oxidation is reduced. We report that in Wistar rats, an 8 week diet enriched (4% of energy intake) in either dairy, industrial, or control MUFA did not alter insulin and glucose responses to an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (1g/kg). In C2C12 myotubes, vaccenic and elaidic acids did not modify insulin sensitivity compared with oleic acid. Furthermore, the ex vivo total, mitochondrial and peroxisomal oxidation rates of [1-(14)C]oleic, vaccenic, and elaidic acids were similar in soleus and tibialis anterior rat muscle. Finally, an 8 week diet enriched in either dairy or industrial trans MUFA did not alter mitochondrial oxidative capacity in these two muscles compared with control MUFA but did induce a specific reduction in soleus mitochondrial ATP and superoxide anion production (P
Published: 2008

45. Mise au point sur les acides grastrans

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Food Science
Abstract: Il est clairement etabli qu’outre l’augmentation du cholesterol-LDL, la consommation d’acides gras trans d’origine industrielle conduit egalement a une diminution du cholesterol-HDL. Ce dernier effet, non observe avec la consommation d’acides gras satures, classe donc les acides gras trans d’origine industrielle parmi les lipides les plus deleteres en terme de risque cardiovasculaire. On sait en effet qu’un taux de HDL-cholesterol abaisse est lie a un risque accru
Published: 2008

46. Do trans fatty acids from industrially produced sources and from natural sources have the same effect on cardiovascular disease risk factors in healthy subjects? Results of the trans Fatty Acids Collaboration (TRANSFACT) study

Author: Isabelle Cristiani, Frédéric Destaillats, Corinne Malpuech-Brugère, Julie Moulin, J. Bruce German, Florent Joffre, Jean Louis Sébédio, Nicole Combe, Yves Boirie, Adam L. Lock, Ronald P. Mensink, Dave M. Barbano, Patrice Chaumont, Dale E. Bauman, Fabiola Dionisi, Jean Michel Chardigny, Jean Baptiste Bezelgues, Humane Biologie, RS: NUTRIM - R1 - Metabolic Syndrome, Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Nestlé S.A., Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Nestlé France, Cornell University [New York], Department of Food Science, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Centre National Interprofessionnel de l'Economie Laitière (CNIEL), Institut des corps gras (ITERG), Oméga 21, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California (UC), Nestlé, and University of California
Subjects: Male, Apolipoprotein B, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK FACTOR, Medicine (miscellaneous), TRANS FATTY ACID, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Lipoprotein particle, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cheese, Risk Factors, 0303 health sciences, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, biology, CHOLESTEROL, Healthy subjects, ALIMENT SANTE POUR HOMME, Trans Fatty Acids, NUTRITION IN PUBLIC HEALTH, 3. Good health, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Lipoproteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Particle Size, Risk factor, Apolipoproteins B, Apolipoprotein A-I, Cholesterol, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Cholesterol, LDL, Crossover study, Apolipoproteins, LIPOPROTEIN, Endocrinology, chemistry, Butter, biology.protein, Disease risk, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Lipoprotein
Abstract: Files in the Data Supplement (Tables S1 and S2) at http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/87/3/558/DC1; International audience; BACKGROUND: The consumption of monounsaturated trans fatty acids (TFAs) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Putative differences between the effects of TFAs from industrially produced and natural sources on CVD risk markers were not previously investigated in healthy subjects. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to compare the effects of TFAs from industrially produced and natural sources on HDL and LDL cholesterol, lipoprotein particle size and distribution, apolipoproteins, and other lipids in healthy subjects. DESIGN: In a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover design, 46 healthy subjects (22 men and 24 women) consumed food items containing TFAs (11-12 g/d, representing approximately 5% of daily energy) from the 2 sources. RESULTS: Forty subjects (19 men and 21 women) completed the study. Compared with TFAs from industrially produced sources, TFAs from natural sources significantly (P = 0.012) increased HDL cholesterol in women but not in men. Significant (P = 0.001) increases in LDL-cholesterol concentrations were observed in women, but not in men, after the consumption of TFAs from natural sources. Apolipoprotein (apo)B and apoA1 concentrations confirmed the changes observed in LDL and HDL cholesterol. Analysis of lipoprotein subclass showed that only large HDL and LDL concentrations were modified by TFAs from natural sources but not by those from industrially produced sources. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that TFAs from industrially produced and from natural sources have different effects on CVD risk factors in women. The HDL cholesterol-lowering property of TFAs seems to be specific to industrial sources. However, it is difficult in the present study to draw a conclusion about the effect of TFAs from either source on absolute CVD risk in these normolipidemic subjects. The mechanism underlying the observed sex- and isomer-specific effects warrants further investigation.
Published: 2008

47. Trans fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acids, and cardiovascular diseases

Author: Michel Lagarde, Pierre Clouet, Claude L. Léger, Nicole Combe, Jean-Michel Chardigny, Institut des corps gras (ITERG), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Nutrition humaine et lipides : Biodisponibilité, métabolisme et régulation, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-IFR125-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and ProdInra, Migration
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Linoleic acid, TRANS FATTY ACID, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Palmitic acid, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], [SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, Rumenic acid, CARDIOVASCULAR RISK, General Chemistry, CLA, Lauric acid, In vitro, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], 3. Good health, Endocrinology, Biochemistry, chemistry, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Cis–trans isomerism, Food Science, Biotechnology, Lipoprotein, Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Abstract: Review; International audience; This review focuses on human data about the link between cardiovascular risk and dietary trans and conjugated fatty acids. Some complementary data from animals are presented. Concerning trans monoene isomers, since 1990 they were extensively studied. Intervention studies have shown that they increased LDL-cholesterol just like saturated fatty acids (palmitic, myristic, lauric acids). A recent meta-analysis of 60 intervention studies emphasized that, unlike palmitic acid, these trans monoenes increased the total-to-HDL-cholesterol ratio; as a result these trans isomers could increase the cardiovascular risk more than lauric, myristic and palmitic acids. Data from four epidemiological cohort studies suggest that a 2% increase in energy of daily intake of trans fatty acids significantly increases the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Concerning conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), to date, there are no epidemiological data. Current knowledge is based on intervention studies in humans and animals and on in vitro studies. For the mixture of isomers (cis9, trans11 and trans10, cis12), clinical studies gave inconsistent results, and results on animal models differed from one species to another. For each isomer studied separately, their effects on the lipoprotein profile in humans were different. However, no dose effect was found whatever the isomer. Studies performed in healthy subjects and obese men presented convergent conclusions regarding the detrimental effects of trans10,cis12 CLA, but with rumenic acid (cis9, trans11 CLA) positive effects were observed in healthy subjects, not in obese subjects &bock;pls check!&bock;. Finally, results of studies lead to attribute a potential, general proatherogenic effect to trans10, cis12 CLA.
Published: 2007

48. Phospholipid fatty acid pattern and d-glucose metabolism in muscles from ω3 fatty acid-depleted rats

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny, Eda Agascioglu, Abdullah Sener, Willy Malaisse, Ying Zhang, Laurence Portois, Yvon Carpentier, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université
Subjects: MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE, ACIDE GRAS POLYINSATURE OMEGA 3, Biology, Biochemistry, LONG-CHAIN POLYUNSATURATED OMEGA 3 FATTY ACID-DEPLETED RAT, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fish Oils, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, FISH OIL EMULSION, Animals, Insulin, Plant Oils, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Glycogen synthase, Olive Oil, Phospholipids, Triglycerides, chemistry.chemical_classification, Soleus muscle, Triglyceride, Catabolism, Muscles, Fatty Acids, Fatty acid, General Medicine, Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Fish oil, Rats, Amino acid, Glucose, chemistry, MUSCLE GLUCOSE METABOLISM, biology.protein, RAT, Female, Glycogen
Abstract: A depletion in long-chain polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acids may affect fuel homeostasis. In such a perspective, the present study deals mainly with the in vitro fate of D-[U-C-14]glucose in hemidiaphragms, stretched soleus and plantaris muscle pieces obtained from normal and omega 3-depleted rats (second generation) and incubated in the absence or presence of insulin. When so required, the omega 3-depleted rats were injected 120 min before sacrifice with either a omega 3 fatty acid-rich medium-chain triglyceride: fish oil emulsion (170) or a control medium-chain triglyceride:olive oil emulsion (OO). The content of the solcus muscle in long-chain polyunsaturated w3 fatty acids was severely decreased in the omega 3-depleted rats, and modestly albeit significantly increased after injection of FO to these animals. In stretched soleus muscles from OO-injected omega 3-depleted rats, the absolute values for glycogen synthesis measured in the absence or presence of insulin were about twice higher than in normal animals. In the OO-injected omega 3-depleted rats, insulin augmented the output of C-14-labelled amino acids, whilst such was not the case in normal animals. These and other findings suggest a lower catabolism of D-glucose relative to the anabolic process of glycogen synthesis and a lower availability of endogenous amino acids in the muscles of w3-depleted rats, as compared to those of control animals. The prior injection of FO to the omega 3-depleted rats restored a normal value for the paired ratio between the output of C-14-labelled amino acids and acidic metabolites, but further increased glycogen net synthesis. It is proposed, therefore, that the perturbation Of D-glucose metabolism in muscles from omega 3-depleted rats involves a multifactorial determinism, only some of the concerned factors being susceptible to rapid correction after enrichment of cell phospholipids in long-chain polyunsaturated omega 3 fatty acids.
Published: 2007

49. Acides gras trans et conjugués: origine et effets nutritionnels

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny and Corinne Malpuech-Brugère
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Internal Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 3. Good health
Abstract: Resume Les acides gras trans (en particulier les formes 18:1) et les acides gras conjugues (ou CLA) ont deux origines. La premiere est commune aux deux familles. Il s'agit de l'hydrogenation bacterienne qui existe dans le rumen des especes animales concernees. La seconde origine est une origine technologique, par des transformations des huiles vegetales en vue de la modification de leurs proprietes physicochimiques (acides gras trans ) ou de la production specifique de composes (CLA). Les acides gras trans d'origines technologiques sont clairement associes a une augmentation du risque cardiovasculaire. En revanche, les effets des acides gras trans issus de la biohydrogenation ruminale sont encore mal connus, mais les donnees epidemiologiques suggerent un effet plus neutre. Concernant les CLA, des resultats benefiques ont ete decrits sur des modeles animaux (cancer, maladies cardiovasculaires, composition corporelle). Toutefois, des effets deleteres majeurs sont associes a la consommation d'un des isomeres d'origine technologique, ce qui plaide en defaveur de toute complementation de l'alimentation humaine. Les effets de l'isomere naturel semblent plus neutres, voire benefiques.
Published: 2007

50. Rapid Effects of the Intravenous Injection of a Medium-chain Triglyceride: Fish Oil Emulsion on the Triglyceride Fatty Acid Pattern of Soleus Muscle from ω3 Fatty Acid-depleted Rats

Author: Jean-Michel Chardigny, Yvon Carpentier, Eda Agascioglu, Y. Zhang, Willy Malaisse, Laurence Portois, Abdullah Sener, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Clermont Université, and Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, ACIDE GRAS POLYINSATURE OMEGA3, Clinical Biochemistry, Biochemistry, LONG-CHAIN POLYUNSATURATED OMEGA3 FATTY ACID-DEPLETED RAT, chemistry.chemical_compound, Endocrinology, Insulin resistance, MEDIUM-CHAIN TRIGLYCERIDE/FISH OIL EMULSION, Internal medicine, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, medicine, Animals, Medium-chain triglyceride, Muscle, Skeletal, Triglycerides, chemistry.chemical_classification, Soleus muscle, Triglyceride, Chemistry, SOLEUS MUSCLE TRIGLYCERIDE FATTY ACID PATTERN, Biochemistry (medical), Fatty acid, General Medicine, Metabolism, Fish oil, medicine.disease, Rats, Injections, Intravenous, RAT, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Metabolic syndrome
Abstract: Second generation rats depleted in long-chain polyunsaturated omega3 fatty acids display several features of the metabolic syndrome, including visceral obesity, liver steatosis, insulin resistance, hypertension, and cardiac hypertrophy. In the framework of an extensive study on such metabolic, hormonal and functional perturbations, the phospholipid fatty acid pattern and ex vivo metabolism of D-glucose were recently investigated in the soleus muscle of these omega3-depleted rats. The present study deals with the triglyceride fatty acid content and pattern of the soleus muscle in control animals and omega3-depleted rats. Some of the latter rats were injected intravenously 60-120 minutes before sacrifice with either an omega3 fatty acid-rich medium-chain triglyceride/fish oil emulsion (omega3-FO rats) or a control medium-chain triglyceride/olive oil emulsion (omega3-OO rats). The total fatty acid content of triglycerides was comparable in control and omega3-depleted rats and, in both cases, inversely related to their C20:4omega6 relative content. At variance with the situation found in control rats, no long-chain polyunsaturated omega3 fatty acid (C18:3omega3, C20:5omega3, C22:5omega3, C22:6omega3) was detected in the omega3-depleted rats. Unexpectedly, the triglyceride content in most long-chain polyunsaturated omega6 fatty acids (C18:2omega6, C20:3omega6, C20:4omega6 and C22:4omega6) had also decreased in the latter rats. Moreover, the activity of Delta9-desaturase was apparently increased in the omega3-depleted rats, as judged from the C16:1omega7/C16:0 and C18:1omega9/C18:0 ratios. The omega3-FO rats differed from omega3-OO rats by a lower contribution of C18:2omega6 metabolites (C18:3omega6, C20:3omega6, C20:4omega6 and C22:4omega6). These findings indicate that the prior injection of the medium-chain triglyceride/fish oil emulsion, known to increase the muscle phospholipid content in long-chain polyunsaturated omega3 fatty acids, may nevertheless accentuate the depletion in long-chain polyunsaturated omega6 fatty acids otherwise found in the triglycerides of omega3-depleted rats. Such a dual effect is reminiscent of that observed, under the same experimental conditions, for selected variables in D-glucose metabolism in the soleus muscle.
Published: 2007

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